CN104094804B - Tidal irrigation production method in a kind of romaine lettuce greenhouse - Google Patents
Tidal irrigation production method in a kind of romaine lettuce greenhouse Download PDFInfo
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- CN104094804B CN104094804B CN201410320756.4A CN201410320756A CN104094804B CN 104094804 B CN104094804 B CN 104094804B CN 201410320756 A CN201410320756 A CN 201410320756A CN 104094804 B CN104094804 B CN 104094804B
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Abstract
The invention discloses tidal irrigation production method in a kind of romaine lettuce greenhouse, comprise following steps: (1) tide type irrigation system is set up; (2) matrix composition; (3) sow; (4) vernalization; (5) production management.The present invention has founded 5 core technologies of the standardized management that tidal irrigation is produced in romaine lettuce greenhouse.Improve the availability in romaine lettuce production efficiency and greenhouse, improve romaine lettuce product quality, fall low cost; Have and be beneficial to unified management, promote the advantage such as new equipment, new technology.
Description
Technical field:
The invention belongs to Installation Vegetable Cultivation field, be specifically related to tidal irrigation production method in a kind of romaine lettuce greenhouse.
Technical background:
Soilless culture refers to without soil with the cultivation method of material as plant growth medium being added with nutrient solution.There is good product quality, meeting the market requirement, can annually cultivating be carried out at Same Site and ensure the advantages such as slack season supply, and develop into the developing direction of modern agriculture.The method of soilless culture produces to commonly use at present has water planting, mist (gas) to train and substrate culture.Utilizing tide type irrigation system to carry out vegetable growing is the soilless culture new paragon risen in recent years, and originate from the Holland of establishment planting technology prosperity, this state is used widely aborning, and also there are like product in Japan, Britain.The a small amount of city of south China in recent years introduction of use tide type irrigation system has been carried out factorial seedling growth test and has been explored, and there is not yet and utilizes this system to carry out soilless culture research.Tidal irrigation is the advanced irrigation method of the bottom cycle feedwater designed by a kind of nutrient fluid cultivation for pot plant, which utilizes drop principle, realize feedwater at regular time and quantity and fertilising, ratio of nutrient solution is many to be completed by calculator, irrigation water is strictly by index and fertilizer mixing, the liquid be mixed into can be gushed out cultivation bed surface at one time as high tide, make to be placed on matrix in cultivating container above at one time, suck fertilizer by netted container bottom, and fertilising is quite accurate.Which, compared with traditional soilless culture method, has the features such as economize on water, save fertilizer, laborsaving, production efficiency is high and plant growing way is good more, is in the forward position of current cultivation technique without soil.
Current domestic tide type irrigation system has approved product, but the application of this cover system on leaf vegetables produces is still under test, needs to provide tidal irrigation production method in a kind of romaine lettuce greenhouse.
Summary of the invention:
The object of the present invention is to provide tidal irrigation production method in a kind of romaine lettuce greenhouse.
Object of the present invention is achieved through the following technical solutions:
Tidal irrigation production method in a kind of romaine lettuce greenhouse, comprises following key step:
(1) tide type irrigation system is set up;
(2) matrix composition and sterilization: matrix comprises the Chinese medicine slag that becomes thoroughly decomposed, turfy soil, perlite and vermiculite, wherein by volume, become thoroughly decomposed Chinese medicine slag: turfy soil: perlite: vermiculite=2 ~ 6:2 ~ 4:1 ~ 3:1, add 0.5 ~ 2kg phosphate fertilizer in every cube of matrix, then sterilization is carried out to matrix;
(3) sow; Generally adopt automatic precision seeder sowing;
(4) vernalization: cave dish is after planting moved into germinating cabinet's vernalization, half-light in germinating cabinet, and temperature is set as 6 ~ 8 DEG C, and the moisture content of matrix is saturation state, and vernalization indoor air humidity is 95% ~ 100%, and vernalization to seed base-root starts the Shi Chu germinating cabinet that shows money or valuables one carries unintentionally; Generally, vernalization 48 hours seed base-roots start to show money or valuables one carries unintentionally;
(5) production management: the seed cave dish that vernalization is completed move into tide type irrigation system is housed greenhouse in carry out production management;
Greenhouse flower produced by a, romaine lettuce
Before emerging, day temperature 20 ~ 24 DEG C in greenhouse, evening temperature 18 ~ 20 DEG C, daytime air humidity 50% ~ 60%, evening air humidity 80% ~ 90%; The microenvironment of plug media: substrate temperature 16 ~ 24 DEG C, humidity 70% ~ 80%;
When emergence rate is not less than 80%, the diurnal temperature in greenhouse controls at 18 ~ 30 DEG C, and humid control is 60 ~ 80% round the clock, and illumination controls at 15000 ~ 20000Lux;
Grow into 12 leaf results from cotyledon is open and flat, the diurnal temperature in this stage greenhouse controls at 18 ~ 35 DEG C; Humid control is 50% ~ 70% round the clock; Illumination controls at more than 20000Lux, is preferably 15000 ~ 25000Lux, and promotes the growth of romaine lettuce plant by the supply of tidal irrigation rich water essence amount;
The supply of tidal irrigation rich water essence amount produced by b, romaine lettuce
From emerging (80% emerges) to two leaves wholeheartedly, about 15 days, Medium Culture carries nutrient and meets the demand of romaine lettuce seedling growth to fertilizer, does not need extra fertilising, mainly water management.By tide type irrigation system respectively on placing same day (when seed cave dish vernalization completed moves into greenhouse), emerge day that (80% emerges, generally for after placing the 5th day), within the 10th day, carry out three tidal irrigations, every strain water yield 10 ~ 15ml after placing;
From two leaves wholeheartedly to 12 leaf results, about 30 ~ 35 days, make full use of tidal irrigation and carry out the supply of rich water one essence amount, divide 3 times, after emerging, within the 15th day, use for 1st time seed manure 2000 times of liquid of N-P-K content 15-0-15 to irrigate, used the balanced fertile 2000 times of irrigations of 20-20-20 N P and K at interval of 7 days, every strain rich water amount 15 ~ 20ml 2 times below, the EC value of three rich water is 0.5 ~ 0.8; PH value is 6.0 ~ 6.5;
The prevention and control of damage by disease and insect green composite produced by c, romaine lettuce.
As a kind of preferred version, in step (2) by volume, become thoroughly decomposed Chinese medicine slag: turfy soil: perlite: vermiculite=4:3:2:1.
The above-mentioned Chinese medicine slag that becomes thoroughly decomposed is: adopt the Chinese medicine slag (residue for after the root of bidentate achyranthes, honeysuckle, the stem of noble dendrobium, radix scrophulariae mixing lixiviating effective components) producing Chinese medicine preparation " Mailuoning ", the processing technology process of becoming thoroughly decomposed through pulverizing, aerobic fermentation, appropriateness is formed, and this processing technology is this area common process.
The pH value of matrix described in step (2) is 6.5 ~ 7.0, EC value is 1.0 ~ 1.5ms/cm, and humidity is 60 ~ 65%.
The method of sterilization described in step (2) is that the carbendazim adding 400 gram 50% in every cube of matrix carries out sterilization.
As a kind of preferred version, in step (2), in every cube of matrix, add 1kg phosphate fertilizer.
The measure of damage by disease and insect green composite prevention and control described in step (5) comprises disinfectant measure and materialization prevention and control; The ozone generator that disinfectant measure is matrix sterilization, seed temperature scalds environment disinfected in seed soaking, germinating cabinet and greenhouse, utilize tide type irrigation system to be equipped with is to irrigation rich water sterilizing; Materialization prevention and control, for creating Growth of Lettuce adapt circumstance condition, utilize yellow plate, light trap insect-killing trapping, use the prevention of high-efficiency low-toxicity less-persistent pesticide to comprise the disease of damping off, downy mildew and soft rot.
As a kind of preferred version, in step (5) when emergence rate is not less than 80%, the diurnal temperature in greenhouse controls at 18 ~ 25 DEG C.
As a kind of preferred version, grow into 12 leaf results from cotyledon is open and flat in step (5), the diurnal temperature in this stage greenhouse controls at 18 ~ 25 DEG C.
During growth, the temperature of environmental Kuznets Curves three phases before emerging, when emerging, in growth, humidity, illumination management segmentation preferably quantizing.
The prevention and control of damage by disease and insect green composite, comprise sterilizing and the damage by disease and insect materialization prevention and control such as matrix, seed, environment, rich water.
Following five invention main points are provided: the preparation technique of (1) romaine lettuce production matrix in technical solution of the present invention; (2) Stratification technique (temperature, humidity, illumination etc.) of romaine lettuce; (3) romaine lettuce production Status quo of Greenhouse Environment Control Technology; (4) tidal irrigation rich water essence amount supply technology produced by romaine lettuce; (5) damage by disease and insect green composite Control Technology produced by romaine lettuce.
Term and definition in the present invention, the following terms and definitions are applicable to the present invention:
Vegetable soilless culture: refer to use certain facilities and equipment condition, use soilless substrate, control the environmental conditions such as each phase temperature of Vegetable produce, produce within a short period of time in enormous quantities, a kind of cultivation method of high-quality vegetables.
The abbreviation of EC value: ElectricalConductivity, refers to the Testing index of soil soluble salinity.
Tidal irrigation production method in a kind of romaine lettuce greenhouse of the present invention, advantage is flexibly arranged to combine tidal irrigation water-saving saving of labor and soilless culture high-yield and high-efficiency and crops for rotation, while raising greenhouse and utilization rate of equipment and installations, expand soilless culture of leaf vegetables kind production range.Meanwhile, carry out the research and development of tidal irrigation dedicated substrate, the research and development of different leaf vegetables kind nutrient solution prescription, liquid manure application times, amount of application and supporting nutrient solution cycling and reutilization equipment and the exploitation of nutrient solution monitoring system, to reduce agricultural water resources waste, the management cost of further reduction furnished equipments, for the lifting realizing the horticultural crop level of production provides technical guarantee.
Beneficial effect of the present invention:
The present invention has founded 5 core technologies of tidal irrigation production method standardized management in romaine lettuce greenhouse.Have and improve romaine lettuce production efficiency and greenhouse availability, promote romaine lettuce product quality, reduce costs; Be conducive to unified management, promote the advantages such as new equipment new technology, thus allow numerous manufacturers directly be benefited.
Embodiment:
Embodiment 1
One, tide type irrigation system is set up
Tide type irrigation system cultivates the part compositions such as bed, the nutrient solution circulatory system (nutrient tank, water circulating pump, pipeline etc.), control system and cultivating container primarily of tidal irrigation, its romaine lettuce produce in application, common bed frame to be reached the requirement of sealing bedstead by overlay, cultivation bed is divided into water supply, circulation and backwater section, for supplying nutrition liquid and water.
Nutrient solution cycling and reutilization equipment is made up of clean water tank, nutrient tank, water treatment facilities, liquid feeding pipeline, return line, detection system, water pump, filter, ultraviolet sterilizer, cultivation bed etc.The clear water of fluid reservoir or nutrient solution are transported to cultivation bed for crop demand through filter and ultraviolet ray disinfector by water pump, clear water in cultivation bed, nutrient solution are then back to fluid reservoir by return line, thus form a circulatory system, automatic checkout equipment is made up of pH sensor, EC sensor, temperature sensor etc., can realize the real-time detection of nutrition liquid acidityalkalinity, ion concentration and temperature.
Two, the preparation before vernalization is sowed:
1, the selecting of base starting material:
Select the Chinese medicine slag that becomes thoroughly decomposed, the peat composed of rotten mosses, perlite, vermiculite as the raw material of romaine lettuce soilless culture substrate, their physicochemical property sees the following form.
The physicochemical property of table 1 host material
2, the proportioning of base starting material:
By volume, become thoroughly decomposed Chinese medicine slag: turfy soil: perlite: vermiculite=4:3:2:1, and utilize machinery fully mixing, add 1kg phosphate fertilizer again in every cube of matrix, the pH value of matrix is 6.5 ~ 7.0, EC value is 1.0 ~ 1.5ms/cm.The humidity of matrix: 60% ~ 65%, namely pinching with hand can be agglomerating, and after loosing one's grip, flicking can scatter.Every cube of matrix adds 400 gram of 50% carbendazim (commercially available) and carries out sterilization.
The Chinese medicine slag that becomes thoroughly decomposed produces the Chinese medicine slag (residue for after the root of bidentate achyranthes, honeysuckle, the stem of noble dendrobium, radix scrophulariae mixing lixiviating effective components) of Chinese medicine preparation " Mailuoning " for adopting, through the processing technology process formation that the pulverizing of routine, aerobic fermentation, appropriateness are become thoroughly decomposed.
What 3, cave was coiled selects and specification: adopt V32 or V50.
Three, sowing adopts full-automatic precision sower
Full-automatic planter possesses independently banket (matrix), punching, and sowing covers, and the device such as water.Irregular because of romaine lettuce seed, use the seeding head of 0.02 millimeter during sowing, and appropriateness adds atmospheric pump pressure, sowing depth, at 0.5 cm, uses vermiculite to cover.The cave sowed dish is placed in metal frame and pushes germinating cabinet.
Four, the Stratification technique of romaine lettuce:
1. vernalization is carried out in airtight germinating cabinet, and separate room, germinating cabinet is at 30 square meter.The adjusting device of humidification, light filling and temperature must be possessed in germinating cabinet, regulate the requirement to temp. and humidity illumination in germination process of each kind.Put into germinating cabinet when the seed broadcast just should pay close attention to, timing is observed, and should go out germinating cabinet in time when seed base-root shows money or valuables one carries unintentionally in matrix.
2. cave dish is after planting moved into germinating cabinet's vernalization, half-light in germinating cabinet during romaine lettuce vernalization, temperature is set as 6 ~ 8 DEG C, the moisture content of matrix is saturation state, air humidity is 95% ~ 100%, and germination time is 48 hours, just completes whole pregermination procedure when namely seed base-root starts to show money or valuables one carries unintentionally.
Five, the production management of romaine lettuce:
The seed cave dish that vernalization is completed move into tide type irrigation system is housed greenhouse in carry out production management;
1, greenhouse (temperature, illumination, humidity) control produced by romaine lettuce
Before emerging, day temperature 20 ~ 24 DEG C in greenhouse, evening temperature 18 ~ 20 DEG C, daytime air humidity 50% ~ 60%, evening air humidity 80% ~ 90%; The microenvironment of plug media: substrate temperature 16 ~ 24 DEG C, humidity 70% ~ 80%;
When emergence rate is not less than 80%, the diurnal temperature in greenhouse controls at 18 ~ 25 DEG C, and humid control is 60 ~ 80% round the clock, and illumination controls at 15000 ~ 20000Lux;
Grow into 12 leaf results from cotyledon is open and flat, the diurnal temperature in this stage greenhouse controls at 18 ~ 25 DEG C; Humid control is about 60% round the clock; Illumination controls at 15000 ~ 25000Lux, and promotes the growth of romaine lettuce plant by the supply of tidal irrigation rich water essence amount.
2, the supply of tidal irrigation rich water essence amount produced by romaine lettuce
From emerging (80% emerges) to two leaves wholeheartedly, about 15 days, Medium Culture carries nutrient and meets the demand of romaine lettuce seedling growth to fertilizer, does not need extra fertilising.Mainly water management, by tide type irrigation system respectively on placing same day (when seed cave dish vernalization completed moves into greenhouse), emerge day (80% to emerge, about after placing the 5th day), within the 10th day, carry out three tidal irrigations, every strain water yield 10 ~ 15ml after placing.
From two leaves wholeheartedly to 12 leaf results, about 30 ~ 35 days, make full use of tidal irrigation and carry out the supply of rich water one essence amount, divide 3 times, after emerging, within the 15th day, use for 1st time seed manure 2000 times of liquid of N-P-K content 15-0-15 to irrigate, used the balanced fertile 2000 times of irrigations of 20-20-20 N P and K at interval of 7 days, every strain rich water amount 15 ~ 20ml 2 times below, the EC value of three rich water is 0.5 ~ 0.8; PH value is 6.0 ~ 6.5.
3, the prevention and control of damage by disease and insect green composite produced by romaine lettuce
Green composite prevention and control measure comprises disinfectant measure and materialization prevention and control.
(1) disinfectant measure: matrix sterilization refers to that adding 400 gram of 50% carbendazim by every cube of matrix prior to seeding fully mixes sterilizing; Seed disinfection refers to the emerge in worm water seed half an hour of use 55 DEG C, constantly adds hot water and keeps 55 DEG C of water temperatures, and constantly stir during immersion, and realize temperature and scald seed soaking sterilization, after seed disinfection, clear water rinses, dries, in order to sowing; The environment disinfected in germinating cabinet and greenhouse refers to that use 1000 times of liquid 50% carbendazim+1000 times of liquid dichlorvos are evenly sprayed in two Room by 1:1 (V:V) confection and seal 24 hours, reaches environment disinfected; The ozone generator utilizing tide type irrigation system to be equipped with is to irrigation rich water sterilizing etc.
(2) materialization prevention and control: first create the suitable temp. and humidity of Growth of Lettuce and photoenvironment condition, be conducive to romaine lettuce normal growth; Physical control refers to utilize yellow plate, light trap to trap and kill the insects such as aphid moth class; Disease uses high-efficiency low-toxicity less-persistent pesticide to carry out prevention 2-3 time at romaine lettuce full vegetative period.The Major Diseases of romaine lettuce has the diseases such as damping off, downy mildew, soft rot.Damping off sprays thiophanate methyl 1000 times of liquid at the initial stage of a disease, or hymexazol 5000 times of liquid irrigating root process 2 ~ 3 times.Downy mildew with the 800 times of liquid sprayings of tpn wetting powder, with the 800 times of liquid sprayings of first frost mancozeb wettable powder when falling ill heavier, every spray in 7 days once, prevents and treats 2 ~ 3 times at the initial stage of a disease continuously.Soft rot is at the initial stage of a disease with agricultural streptomycin 2000 times of liquid sprayings 2 ~ 3 times.
Romaine lettuce stops fertilising laxative in 7 days before gathering, and only utilizes tide type irrigation system to water clear water.
Claims (9)
1. a tidal irrigation production method in romaine lettuce greenhouse, is characterized in that comprising following key step:
(1) tide type irrigation system is set up;
(2) matrix composition and sterilization: matrix comprises the Chinese medicine slag that becomes thoroughly decomposed, turfy soil, perlite and vermiculite, wherein by volume, become thoroughly decomposed Chinese medicine slag: turfy soil: perlite: vermiculite=2 ~ 6:2 ~ 4:1 ~ 3:1, adds 0.5 ~ 2kg phosphate fertilizer in every cube of matrix, then carries out sterilization to matrix;
(3) sow;
(4) vernalization: cave dish is after planting moved into germinating cabinet's vernalization, half-light in germinating cabinet, and temperature is set as 6 ~ 8 DEG C, and the moisture content of matrix is saturation state, and vernalization indoor air humidity is 95% ~ 100%, and vernalization to seed base-root starts the Shi Chu germinating cabinet that shows money or valuables one carries unintentionally;
(5) production management: the seed cave dish that vernalization is completed move into tide type irrigation system is housed greenhouse in carry out production management;
Greenhouse flower produced by a, romaine lettuce
Before emerging, day temperature 20 ~ 24 DEG C in greenhouse, evening temperature 18 ~ 20 DEG C, daytime air humidity 50% ~ 60%, evening air humidity 80% ~ 90%; The microenvironment of plug media: substrate temperature 16 ~ 24 DEG C, humidity 70% ~ 80%;
When emergence rate is not less than 80%, the diurnal temperature in greenhouse controls at 18 ~ 30 DEG C, and humid control is 60 ~ 80% round the clock, and illumination controls at 15000 ~ 20000Lux;
Grow into 12 leaf results from cotyledon is open and flat, the diurnal temperature in this stage greenhouse controls at 18 ~ 35 DEG C; Humid control is 50% ~ 70% round the clock; Illumination controls at more than 20000Lux, and promotes the growth of romaine lettuce plant by the supply of tidal irrigation rich water essence amount;
The supply of tidal irrigation rich water essence amount produced by b, romaine lettuce
By tide type irrigation system respectively after placing same day, the day of emerging, placing the 10th day these three times carry out three tidal irrigations altogether, every strain water yield 10 ~ 15ml;
From two leaves wholeheartedly to 12 leaf results, make full use of tidal irrigation and carry out the supply of rich water one essence amount, divide 3 times, after emerging, within the 15th day, use for 1st time seed manure 2000 times of liquid of N-P-K content 15-0-15 to irrigate, the balanced fertile 2000 times of irrigations of 20-20-20 N P and K are used 2 times afterwards at interval of 7 days, every strain rich water amount 15 ~ 20ml, the EC value of three rich water is 0.5 ~ 0.8; PH value is 6.0 ~ 6.5;
The prevention and control of damage by disease and insect green composite produced by c, romaine lettuce.
2. tidal irrigation production method in romaine lettuce greenhouse according to claim 1, to is characterized in that in step (2) that by volume, become thoroughly decomposed Chinese medicine slag: turfy soil: perlite: vermiculite=4:3:2:1.
3. production method according to claim 1 and 2, is characterized in that described Chinese medicine slag is the residue after the root of bidentate achyranthes, honeysuckle, the stem of noble dendrobium, radix scrophulariae mixing lixiviating effective components.
4. tidal irrigation production method in romaine lettuce greenhouse according to claim 1 and 2, it is characterized in that the pH value of matrix described in step (2) be 6.5 ~ 7.0, EC value is 1.0 ~ 1.5ms/cm, humidity is 60 ~ 65%.
5. tidal irrigation production method in romaine lettuce greenhouse according to claim 1, is characterized in that the method for sterilization described in step (2) is that the carbendazim adding 400 gram 50% in every cube of matrix carries out sterilization.
6. tidal irrigation production method in romaine lettuce greenhouse according to claim 1, is characterized in that adding 1kg phosphate fertilizer in every cube of matrix in step (2).
7. tidal irrigation production method in romaine lettuce greenhouse according to claim 1, is characterized in that the measure of damage by disease and insect green composite prevention and control described in step (5) comprises disinfectant measure and materialization prevention and control; The ozone generator that disinfectant measure is matrix sterilization, seed temperature scalds environment disinfected in seed soaking, germinating cabinet and greenhouse, utilize tide type irrigation system to be equipped with is to irrigation rich water sterilizing; Materialization prevention and control, for utilizing yellow plate, light trap insect-killing trapping, use the prevention of high-efficiency low-toxicity less-persistent pesticide to comprise the disease of damping off, downy mildew and soft rot.
8. tidal irrigation production method in romaine lettuce greenhouse according to claim 1, is characterized in that, in step (5) when emergence rate is not less than 80%, the diurnal temperature in greenhouse controls at 18 ~ 25 DEG C.
9. tidal irrigation production method in romaine lettuce greenhouse according to claim 1, it is characterized in that growing into 12 leaf results from cotyledon is open and flat in step (5), the diurnal temperature in this stage greenhouse controls at 18 ~ 25 DEG C.
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| CN104770249A (en) * | 2015-04-23 | 2015-07-15 | 东兴鑫宇实业有限公司 | Golden camellia seedling culture greenhouse control system |
| CN104961557A (en) * | 2015-06-18 | 2015-10-07 | 镇江贝思特有机活性肥料有限公司 | Rice seedling raising substrate produced by utilizing radix isatidis residue and preparation method of rice seedling raising substrate |
| CN106386092A (en) * | 2016-08-31 | 2017-02-15 | 马山盛世生态种养专业合作社 | Method for planting strontium-enriched lettuce |
| CN108605832A (en) * | 2016-12-13 | 2018-10-02 | 江门市农业科技创新中心 | A kind of vegetables method for culturing seedlings of dual matrix |
| CN107094605A (en) * | 2017-05-10 | 2017-08-29 | 上海市农业生物基因中心 | A kind of method of romaine lettuce nursery |
| CN108935044A (en) * | 2018-08-01 | 2018-12-07 | 贵州省园艺研究所 | The method for carrying out tomato seedling using tide irrigation seedbed equipment |
| CN111699958A (en) * | 2020-07-06 | 2020-09-25 | 天津爱民网络科技有限公司 | Seedbed tide type soilless culture method for potted leaf vegetables |
| CN111955330A (en) * | 2020-07-28 | 2020-11-20 | 上海绿立方农业发展有限公司 | Short-period energy-saving water-culture vegetable seedling culture method |
| CN115024176A (en) * | 2022-07-14 | 2022-09-09 | 中国烟草总公司重庆市公司奉节分公司 | Tide type flue-cured tobacco seedling raising method |
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