CN102870662A - Nutrient solution culture system and using the method of nutrient solution cultivation, and nutrient solution culture with basin - Google Patents
Nutrient solution culture system and using the method of nutrient solution cultivation, and nutrient solution culture with basin Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The present invention provides nutrient solution culture system and using the method of nutrient solution cultivation, and nutrient solution culture with basin, the system can steadily improve fruit or fruit sugar, and by the root in the optimum range of temperature control, increase the amount of the annual harvest. Flows the system has: aqueduct of nutrient solution cultivation bed (1), set within the cultivation bed and grow to be several of the cultivation of the plant seedling cultivation basin (2), and to the cultivation bed supplies nutrient cycle of nutrient supply system, cultivation formation at the bottom of the bowl (2) the opening of the nutrient solution (3) by circulation, but not through plant roots of sheet parts (4) plug, nutrient solution circulation supply system has: the cycle of nutrient solution tank (7), can often submerged cultivation basin within the flow to the cultivation bed bottom tank pump (9) of nutrient supply cycle, the circulation tank nutrient solution in a predetermined temperature range temperature adjusting mechanism (19, 20), and make the circulation tank nutrient solution concentration change the concentration of the adjusting mechanism (12a, 12b, 17, 18).
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to be conducive to improve the nutrient fluid cultivation system of the various fruit and vegetable of pol or fruit and use its nutrient fluid cultivation method and the cultivation basin that is suitable for nutrient fluid cultivation for cultivation.
Background technology
In recent years, the fruits such as pears, apple or, in the fruit and vegetable such as muskmelon, tomato, strawberry, the more tendency that gets consumer reception of Gao Ergeng of its pol is arranged.When cultivating such fruit and vegetable or fruit, as one of method that improves its pol, extensively the stage of known appointment in cultivation, by restriction the water of plant is supplied with the method that applies water stress.
For example, in following patent documentation 1, a kind of cultivating tomato device is proposed, it has container-like cultivation alms bowl, be attached to its inboard, have by capillarity and make water to the feeding sheet of whole scattering nature, be arranged at cultivation with the cultivation liquid bath of the below of alms bowl, link to each other with the feeding sheet with the bottom of alms bowl and impregnated in the cultivation solution in the cultivation liquid bath, have by the absorb water feeding band of character of capillarity in cultivation, and filling is in the inboard of feeding sheet and plant the cultivation bed of tomato.
This device by the capillarity of feedwater band and feedwater sheet, from the cultivation liquid bath automatically, only carry out the supply of cultivation solution with the cultivation liquid measure of the cultivation bed consumption of tomato, is cultivated in the water stress that applies appropriateness to tomato.
The prior art document
Patent documentation
Patent documentation 1: Japanese kokai publication hei 10-127177 communique
Summary of the invention
Invent problem to be solved
But, apply in the said method that water stress cultivates following, gas phase increases owing to reduce the liquid phase part in the root circle when the limiting moisture quantity delivered, and because cultivation is arranged in the air with alms bowl, therefore have following problem: Root-zone heating directly is subject to the impact of extraneous air (situation of facility cultivation is temperature in the facility), especially in the outside air temperatures such as summer high seasons, the temperature of root becomes too high, and wait in the winter time outside air temperature in low season on the contrary, above-mentioned temperature became low, all can not cultivate in any season, its result causes being difficult to improve annual harvest yield.
In addition especially in above-mentioned cultivating tomato device, because the capillarity by feedwater band and feedwater sheet, from cultivating the liquid bath cultivation bed supply cultivation solution of red persimmon westwards, therefore institute's calcium ions etc. can be attached to the upper and crystallizations such as feedwater band in this cultivation solution, thus, limited confluent thereby worry to utilize the translational speed of the water of capillarity to change, also worried in addition in the process that cultivation solution rises in above-mentioned feedwater band, along with its moisture evaporation, the physical property of cultivation solution can change.
The present invention In view of the foregoing finishes, its purpose is to provide the pol that can stably improve fruit and vegetable or fruit, and be controlled in the suitableeest scope by the temperature with root, can also make annual harvest yield the nutrient fluid cultivation system that increases and the nutrient fluid cultivation method that uses it, and the cultivation basin that is suitable for nutrient fluid cultivation.
The method of dealing with problems
The inventor etc., in order to above-mentioned cultivation method of coercing the pol that improves fruit and vegetable or fruit by applying water, be difficult to make annual total yield to increase this understanding and be the basis, developed the cultivation basin that has be used to carrying out rhizosphere and limit necessary intensity and durability, and by the temperature control that combination is ploughed the root that (thin layer nutrient film technology (Nutrient Film Technique)) carry out as a kind of film water of water-cultivating, obtained the opinion that can address the above problem.
That is, the present invention relates to:
(1) a kind of nutrient fluid cultivation system, it has: the cultivation bed, nutrient solution is from end of this cultivation bed to another endwall flow; A plurality of cultivation trays are arranged on this cultivation tray in this cultivation bed, and the seedling of planting the plant that remains to be cultivated; And the nutrient solution circulation supply system, supply with above-mentioned nutrient solution to above-mentioned cultivation bed, wherein,
Above-mentioned cultivation tray forms peristome in the bottom, this peristome by flowing through above-mentioned nutrition but the sheet component that the root of above-mentioned plant can not see through block, and,
The circulation supply system of above-mentioned nutrient solution has: the circulating tank that stores this nutrient solution; Supply pipeline is delivered to the above-mentioned nutrient input in this circulating tank the above-mentioned end of above-mentioned cultivation bed; Pump is installed on this supply pipeline, can supplies with above-mentioned nutrient solution in above-mentioned cultivation bed with the flow of the bottom of the above-mentioned cultivation tray of frequent submergence; Return line returns above-mentioned nutrient solution from above-mentioned another end of above-mentioned cultivation bed to above-mentioned circulating tank; Thermoregulation mechanism remains on above-mentioned nutrient solution in the predefined temperature range; And the concentration guiding mechanism, make the change in concentration of the above-mentioned nutrient solution in the above-mentioned circulating tank;
(2) according to (1) described nutrient fluid cultivation system, wherein, the said temperature guiding mechanism has: temperature sensor, detect the temperature in the above-mentioned circulating tank; Heat exchanger carries out heat exchange with above-mentioned nutrient solution in the above-mentioned circulating tank; The adjustment pipeline is supplied with thermal medium to this heat exchanger; And control valve, be installed on this adjustment pipeline, also pass through to control to the amount of the above-mentioned thermal medium of above-mentioned heat exchanger supply from the detection signal of said temperature sensor;
(3) according to (2) described nutrient fluid cultivation system, wherein, regulate on the pipeline at said temperature, be connected with the cooling pipeline of supplying with cooling medium and the heating pipeline of supplying with heat medium by transfer valve;
(4) according to each described nutrient fluid cultivation system in (1)～(3), wherein, above-mentioned concentration guiding mechanism has: a plurality of nutrient tanks store the different above-mentioned nutrient solution of mutual concentration; Feed-line is carried above-mentioned nutrient solution in each nutrient tank to above-mentioned circulating tank; And the switch valve that is installed on each feed-line;
(5) according to each described nutrient fluid cultivation system in (1)～(4), wherein, upload at above-mentioned cultivation bed and to be equipped with top board, this top board is blocked upper opening and is run through the hole section that can insert above-mentioned cultivation tray that is provided with, and above-mentioned cultivation tray is inserted in the section of hole;
(6) a kind of cultivation method of tomato, it has been for having used in (1)～(5) nutrient fluid cultivation method of each described nutrient fluid cultivation system, wherein,
At above-mentioned cultivation bed kind of a plurality of cultivation trays that are implanted with the seedling of above-mentioned plant are set, the limit makes the above-mentioned nutrient solution of the above-mentioned circulating tank that is stored in above-mentioned circulation supply system remain in the predefined temperature range by the said temperature governor motion, the limit is supplied with above-mentioned nutrient solution by said pump with the circulation in the above-mentioned cultivation bed of the flow of the bottom of the above-mentioned cultivation tray of frequent submergence, this nutrient solution supplies to the root circle of above-mentioned plant from the peristome of above-mentioned cultivation tray, and by above-mentioned concentration guiding mechanism, the nutrient solution concentration of latter half that the concentration of the above-mentioned nutrient solution in the above-mentioned circulating tank is adjusted into the vegetative stage of above-mentioned plant is higher than the nutrient solution concentration of first half.
(7) a kind of nutrient fluid cultivation basin, its structure is: in the bottom peristome is arranged, and form the sheet component of blocking described peristome.
(8) according to (7) described nutrient fluid cultivation basin, wherein, sheet component is the fabric of warp knitting density 80～120 (root/inch) and parallel count 70～120 (root/inch).
(9) according to (7) or (8) described nutrient fluid cultivation basin, wherein, sheet component is taffeta (taffeta) fabric.
(10) according to (9) described nutrient fluid cultivation basin, wherein, the taffeta fabric of sheet component for being consisted of by thermoplastic fibre.
(11) according to (10) described nutrient fluid cultivation basin, wherein, sheet component is the taffeta fabric of the filament yarn that is made of thermoplastic fibre.
(12) according to each described nutrient fluid cultivation basin in (7)～(11), wherein, fixedly reinforced member is integrated with sheet component and basin body in use.
(13) according to each described nutrient fluid cultivation basin in (7)～(12), wherein, make sheet component and basin body carry out integrated by hot melt is sticking.
The effect of invention
According to each described nutrient fluid cultivation system in above-mentioned (1)～(5) and above-mentioned (6) described nutrient fluid cultivation method of using it, by the cultivation bed to a plurality of cultivation trays that are provided with the seedling that kind is implanted with plant, the nutrient solution in the circulating tank is supplied with in circulation, supply with this nutrient solution from the peristome of cultivation tray to the root circle of plant, and improve the concentration of the nutrient solution in the circulating tank from certain stage of cultivation process by above-mentioned concentration guiding mechanism, by being made as the concentration higher than the absorption strength of plant, the hypertrophy of the fruit and vegetable of extra-inhibitory growth or fruit does not also stably improve pol.
According to above-mentioned (1) described nutrient fluid cultivation system, wherein said cultivation bed is the water guide tubulose, and nutrient solution is from this end of cultivating bed to another endwall flow; Described a plurality of cultivation tray should cultivate in the bed, arrange along its bearing of trend at this cultivation tray, and plant the seedling of the plant that remains to be cultivated.
And, in the present invention, owing to be not the direct seedling of the above-mentioned plant of field planting in the cultivation bed that nutrient solution flows, but be implanted in seed in the cultivation tray and be arranged at again in the above-mentioned cultivation bed, so thereby can suppress by the root amount that this cultivation tray suppress above-mentioned plant the growth of overground part.Thus, plant is in be called as under the coercing of rhizosphere restriction, thereby further improves the pol of fruit and vegetable or fruit.
And, owing to the temperature of above-mentioned nutrient solution is remained in the temperature range of the predefined growth that is suitable for this plant by thermoregulation mechanism, and pass through said pump, supply with an above-mentioned nutrient solution with the circulation in the cultivation bed of the flow of the bottom of frequent submergence cultivation tray, so can be annual, the liquid phase of the root circle of above-mentioned plant is controlled at the temperature range that is suitable for growing.Therefore can reduce the impact in the four seasons, positively increase annual harvest yield.
In addition, with regard to the thermoregulation mechanism of controlling above-mentioned solution temperature, so long as will finally supply to interior the getting final product of temperature range that the temperature of the above-mentioned nutrient solution of cultivation bed remains on appointment, can adopt variety of way, such as above-mentioned (2) described invention, as long as the temperature of the nutrient solution in the controlled circulation tank also remains on the said temperature scope, in the situation from a circulating tank to a plurality of cultivation bed supplying nutrition liquids, with at each supply pipeline, the cultivation bed waits the situation that heat exchanger is set to compare, can not cause the complicated of equipment, operation and maintenance become easily and economy also excellent.
In addition, according to above-mentioned (3) described invention, owing to regulate on the pipeline at said temperature, through transfer valve, be connected with the cooling pipeline of supplying with cooling medium and the heating pipeline of supplying with heat medium, so in the suitableeest high summer of temperature range of temperature ratio plant to be cultivated, by the cooling medium from above-mentioned cooling pipeline, or in temperature winter lower than said temperature scope, by the heat medium from above-mentioned heating pipeline, above-mentioned nutrient solution can be adjusted to desirable temperature range, can carry out in the whole year cultivation of this plant, can guarantee thus the annual cut of fruit and vegetable or fruit.
In addition, with regard to the concentration guiding mechanism of nutrient solution, can followingly tackle: the amount that for example also can increase by certain from the cultivation process liquid fertilizer of supplying with in the circulating tank in stage, also can following reply as above-mentioned (4) described invention: a plurality of nutrient tanks that store in advance the different above-mentioned nutrient solution of mutual concentration are set, in stage of the concentration that improves nutrient solution, switch to the high nutrient tank of concentration by switch valve by the low nutrient tank of concentration, thereby can be more prone to and stably carry out the concentration adjustment, the preferred use.
And, according to above-mentioned (5) described invention, owing to block the upper opening of cultivating on the bed by top board, and in the hole section that this top board forms, insert cultivation tray, therefore can by the effect of heat insulation of this top board, make the temperature stabilization of the nutrient solution in the cultivation bed.
According to the described invention in above-mentioned (7)～(13), can provide the nutrient fluid cultivation basin that has be used to carrying out rhizosphere and limit necessary intensity and durability.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the summary pie graph of an embodiment of the nutrient fluid cultivation system that the present invention relates to of expression.
Fig. 2 is the cross-sectional view of the cultivation bed of Fig. 1.
Fig. 3 is that the use that the present invention relates to has the fixedly cross-sectional view of the nutrient fluid cultivation basin of reinforced member.
Symbol description
1 cultivation bed
The 1a slot part
2 nutrient fluid cultivation basin bodies
3 peristomes
4 sheet components
5 plant supports
6 top boards
6a hole section
7 circulating tanks
8 supply pipelines
9 pumps
10 return lines
12a, 12b nutrient tank
14a, 14b feed-line
15 three-way switch valves (switch valve)
17 fluid injection pipelines
The 18EC sensor
19 temperature sensors
20 heat exchangers
21 thermal medium supply pipelines
22 control valves
24 cold water tanks
25 hot-water boilers
26 cooling pipelines
27 heating pipelines
33 fixing reinforced members
The t plant
The w nutrient solution
Embodiment
To be expression offer the figure of an embodiment of the nutrient fluid cultivation system of tomato with the nutrient fluid cultivation system that the present invention relates to for Fig. 1 and Fig. 2, and symbol 1 is for supplying with the cultivation bed of nutritious liquid w among the figure.
This cultivation bed 1, by foaming form the water-tight of the about 20m of length dimension and around wall section arranged shape (for example, the water guide tubulose), and lays flashing on the wall within it, be formed with slot part 1a in the central portion of its bottom surface, the whole length that spreads all over length direction.And on this cultivation bed 1, mounting has a plurality of (for example 10～15 basins) cultivation tray 2.
Nutrient fluid cultivation of the present invention is with basin 2, forms the structure of bottom tube-like by synthetic resin such as polyethylene, is formed with the peristome 3 of shapes such as circle, ellipse, quadrangle in its bottom.Cultivation can suitably be determined with the size of basin, but be generally about diameter 6～15cm * highly about 6～15cm.
Cultivation of the present invention has sheet component 4 through integrated structure with basin 2, thereby so that peristome be plugged.Sheet component is formed by mesh, and this mesh passes through the nutrient solution that supplies in the cultivation bed, does not make to plant in the root of nutrient fluid cultivation with the plant in the basin and passes through.Cultivation basin of the present invention, owing to have such structure, intensity and excellent in te pins of durability, in addition, even inclination is slightly arranged in cultivation, water can not invaded in the basin body yet, so operability is excellent.
In the present invention, sheet component can be fixed on the inside bottom surface of basin body, and perhaps sheet component also can be fixed on the outside bottom surface of basin body.
As the sheet component that uses in basin in cultivation of the present invention, as long as the mesh of the root of the plant that has by nutrient solution and do not pass through to cultivate, can use various parts, but preferably use in the present invention, the fabric of warp knitting density 80～120 (root/inch) and parallel count 70～120 (root/inch).Such fabric, even use in nutrient solution for a long time, intensity is also excellent.As such fabric, the taffeta fabric that is preferably consisted of by thermoplastic fibre, the taffeta fabric of the filament yarn that is more preferably consisted of by thermoplastic fiber.In the present invention, the preferred sheet that is consisted of by the taffeta Woven polyester that uses.
As making the integrated method of sheet component and basin body, can use that bonding, the hot melt that utilize bonding agent glue etc., by hot melt sticking carry out integrated, even for a long time basin body is immersed in the nutrient solution, sheet component can easily not peeled off from basin body yet, can keep adhesive strength and durability, therefore preferred.
In addition, in the present invention, when making sheet component and basin body integrated by methods such as bonding, hot melt are sticking, can also use fixedly reinforced member, at this moment, sheet component and fixedly reinforced member together carry out integrated with basin body.For example, can on sheet component and the integrated part of basin body (fixed part (adhesive portion, fusible section etc.)) 1～a plurality of fixedly reinforced members be set partly, in addition, the whole installation that also can spread all over this fixed part is reinforced member fixedly.Among the present invention, the preferred fixedly reinforced member that uses, a part or integral body at the periphery of peristome are fixed on sheet component on the basin body.By fixedly reinforced member is set, because nutrient solution is difficult to be impregnated into sheet component and the fixed part of cultivation with basin, so can keep for a long time adhesive strength.In addition, be difficult to when sticking with the basin hot melt with cultivation at sheet component, by the mesh of sheet component, fixedly reinforced member and basin body hot melt glue, and can obtain thus good fusible intensity.So, completely rhizosphere restriction effect can be given, basin body can also be reused.
In addition, in order to keep good fusible intensity, the preferred quantity that as far as possible increases the resin fusible section that is used for fusible (pitch and in fact the part of melting) preferably increases the width of ring portion for this reason as much as possible.Particularly preferably fusible intensity is 30kg/cm
2About.
As the fixing material of reinforced member, carry out when bonding with bonding agent, can from cultivation with the material of basin is identical also can be different.In addition, using fixedly reinforced member to carry out hot melt when sticking, fixedly preferably identical material with basin body or the material close with the material fusing point of cultivation usefulness basin of reinforced member.
As shown in Figure 3, also can be fixed thus by the fixed part that fixing reinforced member 33 is clamped sheet component and basin body in the some of the periphery of whole peristome or peristome periphery.As an example of this sample loading mode, can groove be set at the peristome periphery of basin body, the slot part utilization fixedly reinforced member clamp sheet component and fix sheet component.
When being fixed by bonding agent, between sheet component and basin body and sheet component and fixedly between the reinforced member coating adhesive fix.When being fixed by hot melt is sticking, for example can carry out as getting off, place sheet component in the mode of blocking peristome at basin body, utilize heat to make fixedly reinforced member fusible, and be pressed on the sheet component by the position with fusible, the mesh by sheet component makes that fixedly reinforced member and basin body hot melt are sticking.
In the present invention, use the fabric of warp knitting density 80～120 (roots/inch) and parallel count 70～120 (root/inch) as sheet component, the cultivation basin that particularly preferably has following structure: described structure is for passing through fixedly reinforced member 33, clamp sheet component at whole peristome periphery, sheet component and fixedly reinforced member by sticking with the basin hot melt with cultivation, thus so that sheet component and basin body are integrated.If warp knitting density and parallel count are in above-mentioned scope, then the root of plant is difficult to pass through from mesh, and can access high fusible intensity, and is therefore preferred.
Fig. 2 is the figure of an embodiment of nutrient fluid cultivation that expression will the present invention relates to nutrient fluid cultivation that is used for tomato with basin, and symbol 1 is for supplying with the cultivation bed of nutritious liquid w among the figure.And at nutrient fluid cultivation with in the basin 2, by medium, meticulous rock wool (Wei Li Cotton ロ Star Network ウ one Le) etc. have the plant support 5 that absorbs and keep the nutrient solution function, with basin 2, plant 1 tomato seedling for each cultivation.
Here, on cultivation bed 1, spread all over almost whole top board 6 of being made of foamed styrene of length mounting of length direction, this top board 6 is blocked upper opening.
This cultivation bed 1, by foaming form length dimension for the water-tight of about 20m and around the shape (for example, the water guide tubulose) of wall section is arranged, and wall lays flashing within it, central portion in its bottom surface, the whole length that spread all over length direction form slot part 1a.And, on this cultivation bed 1, load a plurality of (for example 10～15 basins) cultivation basin 2.
On top board 6, penetrate at the interval that length direction separates appointment a plurality of hole 6a of section are set, by each cultivation is inserted among the 6a of each hole section with basin 2, be positioned on the length direction of cultivation bed 1.In addition, cultivation is positioned on the slot part 1a with the peristome 3 of the bottom of basin 2, is positioned on the bottom surface of cultivation bed 1, thereby across this slot part 1a.
As above, be provided with the side by side configuration of a plurality of cultivations bed 1 of a plurality of cultivation trays 2, each cultivation bed 1, from an end 1b to another end 1c gradually downwards with about about 1/200 be obliquely installed.And, in each cultivation bed 1 be provided for circulating nutrient solution circulation supply system of supplying nutrition liquid w.
This circulation supply system have the circulating tank 7 that stores nutrient solution w, to an end 1b of cultivation bed carry the nutrient solution in this circulating tank 7 supply pipeline 8, be installed on this supply pipeline 8 return line 10 that returns circulating tank 7 to the pump 9 of cultivation bed 1 interior conveying nutrient solution and the nutrient solution that will discharge from another end 1c of cultivation bed 1.Here, pump 9 has following discharge capacity, and this discharge capacity can be with the flow supplying nutrition liquid of the bottom of submergence cultivation tray 1 by the degree of depth that often keeps the 1 interior appointment of cultivation bed.
In addition, the leading section of supply pipeline 8, corresponding each cultivation bed 1 has branched pipe, at each branched pipe switch valve 11 is installed.On the other hand, from the nutrient solution that cultivation bed 1 is discharged, pallet (tray) 1d and the drainpipe 1e of another end 1c of cultivation bed 1 are communicated with return line 10 through being arranged on respectively.
In addition, in this circulation supply system, the concentration guiding mechanism that can supply with to circulating tank 7 the different nutrient solution of concentration is set.
This concentration guiding mechanism is basically by 2 nutrient tank 12a, 12b storing the different nutrient solution of mutual concentration, carry feed-line 14a, the 14b of the nutrient solution in each nutrient tank 12a, the 12b and the three-way switch valve (switch valve) 15 that is installed on these feed-lines 14a, the 14b consists of by pump 13a, 13b to circulating tank 7, thereby supplies with from one nutrient solution among the feed-line 14a, the 14b that switch by three-way switch valve 15 to circulating tank 7.
And, import the fluid injection pipeline 17 that has for the water-supply line 16 that feeds water and supply liquid fertilizer at nutrient tank 12a, 12b, and be provided with EC sensor 18 in the inside of nutrient tank 12a, 12b, it is used for detecting with electrical conductivity (EC value) concentration of nutrient solution.And, based on the detection signal from each EC sensor 18, supply with liquid fertilizers from fluid injection pipeline 17, thereby so that the nutrient solution concentration in nutrient tank 12a, the 12b in the scope of appointment.In addition, the floating type horizontal detector at the top by being arranged at nutrient tank 12a, 12b is from water-supply line 16 make-up water.
Here, in the control of above-mentioned EC sensor and fluid injection pipeline 17, the nutrient solution concentration of setting nutrient tank 12b is higher than the nutrient solution concentration of nutrient tank 12a.Namely in the present embodiment, the EC value of nutrient tank 12a is set as 2.0dS/m, and the EC value of nutrient tank 12b is set as 2.5dS/m.
On the other hand, in this circulation supply system, be provided for the thermoregulation mechanism that annual temperature with the nutrient solution in the circulating tank 7 all remains in the predefined scope (be 20 ℃～22 ℃ at present embodiment).
This temperature guiding mechanism basically by the temperature sensor 19 that detects the temperature in the circulating tank 7, be arranged in the circulating tank 7 with nutrient solution w carry out heat exchange heat exchanger 20, to this heat exchanger 20 supply with the thermal medium supply pipeline (adjustment pipeline) 21 of thermal mediums and be installed on this thermal medium supply pipeline 21, the control valve 22 of quantity delivered of heat exchanger 20 by controlling above-mentioned thermal medium from the detection signal of temperature sensor 19 consists of.
In addition, in this temperature guiding mechanism, the cold water tank 24 that stores the cold water that cools off by cooler 23 and the hot-water boiler 25 that produces hot water (heat medium) are set.And through three-way switch valve 28, selectively make the cooling pipeline 26 and the heating pipeline 27 that transports from the hot water of hot-water boiler 25 that transport from the cold water (cooling medium) of cold water tank 24, be connected with thermal medium supply pipeline 21.In addition, on the return line 29 of the thermal medium that comes automatic heat-exchanger 20, three-way switch valve 30 is installed too, at 2 outlet sides of this three-way switch valve 30, is connected with respectively the return line 31,32 that points to cold water tank 24 or hot-water boiler 25.
Then, about having used the embodiment that the present invention relates to nutrient fluid cultivation method by the above nutrient fluid cultivation system that consists of to describe.
At first, at each cultivation bed 1 a plurality of cultivation trays 2 of having planted the tomato seedling are set, the limit remains in predefined 20 ℃～22 ℃ scope by the circulating tank 7 stored nutrient solutions of thermoregulation mechanism with circulation supply system, the limit is by pump 9, from an end 1b side direction internal feed nutrient solution of cultivation bed 1.At this moment, with regard to obsolete cultivation bed 1, for supplying nutrition liquid lavishly not, close in advance the switch valve 11 on the branched pipe that is installed on the supply pipeline 8 that points to this cultivation bed 1.
In addition, adjustment by the said temperature governor motion, for example when summer, such outside air temperature surpassed 22 ℃, based on the control signal from temperature sensor 19, to and be stored in cold water in the cold water tank 24 by cooler 23 cooling, be delivered to heat exchanger 20 from cooling pipeline 26, the nutrient solution in the circulating tank 7 is adjusted to the said temperature scope.
Relative therewith, for example in the winter time such outside air temperature below 20 ℃ the time, by switching three-way transfer valve 28, will be delivered to heat exchanger 20 from heating pipeline 27 from the hot water of hot-water boiler 25, similarly the nutrient solution in the circulating tank 7 is adjusted to the said temperature scope.
Like this operation to the nutrient solution of cultivation bed 1 supplying temperature through adjusting the time, is adjusted the discharge rate of pump 9 with following flow supplying nutrition liquid, and this flow is by often working the depth of water that keeps about 10～20mm by the bottom surface of cultivation bed 1, with the bottom of submergence cultivation tray 2.In addition, at the cultivation initial stage, supply with in the circulating tank 7 and the adjustment of supply nutrient tank 12a the nutrient solution of concentration of EC2dS/m.
So from supply pipeline 8 to the cultivation bed 1 interior nutrient solution w that supplies with, inner by sheet 4 inflows from the peristome 3 of each cultivation tray 2, thus in the bottom of cultivation tray 2, form the liquid phase of nutrient solution at the root circle.Then, utilize the root of plant t, from this nutrient solution Absorbing Nutrients, and pass through often to cultivation bed 1 an interior supplying nutrition liquid, the frequently nutrient in the supply cultivation tray 2.
Next, in the cultivation process of above-mentioned tomato, absorption strength plant is increased to (calculating temperature by fate or accumulation temperature (Plot from the beginning of the blooming) decision of certain stage) time, in order to supply with than the absorption strength of the plant nutrient solution of high concentration slightly, switching three-way transfer valve 15 is that 2.5 nutrient tank 12b is to circulating tank 7 supplying nutrition liquids from the EC value.
According to by the above nutrient fluid cultivation system that consists of with use the nutrient fluid cultivation method of its tomato, in being provided with kind of the cultivation bed 1 of a plurality of cultivation trays 2 that are implanted with the tomato seedling, the nutrient solution in the circulating tank 7 is supplied with in circulation, supply with to the root circle of plant t from the peristome 3 of cultivation tray 3, and begin to improve the concentration of the nutrient solution in the circulating tank 7 from certain stage of cultivating process, concentration by the setting nutrient solution is the concentration slightly higher than the absorption strength of plant, can stably improve the pol of the tomato of growth.
And, because plantation tomato seedling in cultivation tray 2, and be arranged in the cultivation bed 1, so can suppress the root amount of tomatoes and suppress the growth of overground part by cultivation tray 2, by being arranged under the coercing who is called as the rhizosphere restriction, can further improve the pol of tomato thus.
And, the limit is set in advance in 20 ℃～22 ℃ suitable scope of tomato growth by the temperature of thermoregulation mechanism with nutrient solution, the limit is by pump 9, with the flow of the bottom of frequent submergence cultivation tray 2 to cultivation bed 1 an interior circulation supplying nutrition liquid, so can be annual, the liquid phase of the root circle of tomato is controlled at the suitable temperature range of growth, therefore can positively increases annual cut.
Embodiment
Plough in (NFT) at the film water that the present invention utilizes, because normally at the root of cultivating bed 1 interior direct field planting plant, and mobile nutrient solution, and carrying out such film water when ploughing, as described in the present patent application, at cultivation bed 1 a plurality of cultivation trays 2 are set, to this cultivation bed 1 supplying nutrition liquid, and by the nutrient solution of peristome 3 in the interior supplies cultivation of cultivation tray 2 bed 1, applying the rhizosphere restriction to plant coerces, under these circumstances, carried out being used for checking has the pol difference of much degree at the tomato of growth experiment.
At first, as a comparative example, with identical cultivation bed 1 illustrated in figures 1 and 2 in, direct field planting tomato seedling, and by to this cultivation bed 1 supplying nutrition liquid, do not suppress the root amount, the limit makes it grow into netted (マ Star ト shape), limit rearing tomatoes.
In addition, as embodiments of the invention, in cultivation bed 1, field planting is set there is the cultivation tray 2 of tomato seedling (with the mode of peristome 10.5cm, the height 9cm sheet 4 at the sticking taffeta Woven polyester of bottom surface sections hot melt with the interval of 12.5cm, cover peristome 3, and fill medium, meticulous rock wool), to cultivation bed 1 supplying nutrition liquid, rearing tomatoes.
In addition, in above-mentioned comparative example and embodiment, all the tomato seedling of about 4 leaf phases of 23 days is cultivated in field planting at enclosed type seedling process units.
And, in embodiment, comparative example, all with the flow of about 5 liters of the per minutes end 1b side flow EC2dS/m nutrient solution from cultivation bed 1, give continuously supplying nutrition liquid of all tomato plants.At this moment, the temperature with the nutrient solution supplied with is adjusted into about 20 ℃.
Thus, under any circumstance, the cultivation of tomato is all according to universal method, begins results after the field planting in about 90 days.
And, the harvest yield of the tomato of in above-mentioned comparative example, cultivating, each plant is that about 900g, pol are 6.5.Relative therewith, the harvest yield of the tomato of cultivating in the above-described embodiments, suppress by the root amount by cultivation tray 2, the growth of overground part is suppressed, its result, and each plant is about 700g, harvest yield reduces, pol average out to 8.5 significantly raises, and reality has proved by applying the rhizosphere restriction coerces the pol raising effect of bringing.
Claims (13)
1. nutrient fluid cultivation system, it has:
The cultivation bed, nutrient solution is from this end of cultivating bed to another endwall flow;
A plurality of cultivation trays are arranged on this cultivation tray in this cultivation bed, and the seedling of planting the plant that remains to be cultivated; And
The circulation supply system of nutrient solution is supplied with described nutrient solution to described cultivation bed, wherein,
Described cultivation tray forms peristome in the bottom, this peristome by flowing through described nutrient solution but the sheet component that the root of described plant can not see through block, and,
The circulation supply system of described nutrient solution has:
Store the circulating tank of this nutrient solution;
Supply pipeline is delivered to a described described end of cultivating bed with the described nutrient input in this circulating tank;
Pump is installed on this supply pipeline, can supplies with described nutrient solution in described cultivation bed with the flow of the bottom of the described cultivation tray of frequent submergence;
Return line returns described nutrient solution from described another end of described cultivation bed to described circulating tank;
Thermoregulation mechanism remains on described nutrient solution in the predefined temperature range; And
The concentration guiding mechanism makes the change in concentration of the described nutrient solution in the described circulating tank.
2. nutrient fluid cultivation according to claim 1 system, wherein, described temperature guiding mechanism has:
Temperature sensor detects the temperature in the described circulating tank;
Heat exchanger carries out heat exchange with described nutrient solution in the described circulating tank;
The adjustment pipeline is supplied with thermal medium to this heat exchanger; And
Control valve is installed on this adjustment pipeline, also passes through to control to the amount of the described thermal medium of described heat exchanger supply from the detection signal of described temperature sensor.
3. nutrient fluid cultivation according to claim 2 system wherein, on described adjustment pipeline, is connected with the cooling pipeline of supplying with cooling medium and the heating pipeline of supplying with heat medium by transfer valve.
4. each described nutrient fluid cultivation system according to claim 1～3, wherein, described concentration guiding mechanism has:
A plurality of nutrient tanks store the different described nutrient solution of mutual concentration;
Feed-line is carried described nutrient solution in each nutrient tank to described circulating tank; And
Be installed on the switch valve on each feed-line.
5. each described nutrient fluid cultivation system according to claim 1～4, wherein, upload at described cultivation bed and to be equipped with top board, this top board is blocked upper opening and is run through and is provided with the hole section that can insert described cultivation tray, and described cultivation tray is inserted in the section of hole.
6. the cultivation method of a tomato, it is the nutrient fluid cultivation method that has used in the claim 1～5 each described nutrient fluid cultivation system, wherein,
At described cultivation bed a plurality of cultivation trays that plantation has the seedling of described plant are set, the limit makes the described nutrient solution of the described circulating tank that is stored in described circulation supply system remain in the predefined temperature range by described thermoregulation mechanism, the limit is by described pump, supply with described nutrient solution with the circulation in the described cultivation bed of the flow of the bottom of the described cultivation tray of frequent submergence, this nutrient solution supplies to the root circle of described plant from the peristome of described cultivation tray, and by described concentration guiding mechanism, the nutrient solution concentration of latter half that the concentration of the described nutrient solution in the described circulating tank is adjusted into the vegetative stage of described plant is higher than the nutrient solution concentration of first half.
7. nutrient fluid cultivation basin, its structure is: in the bottom peristome is arranged, and form the sheet component of blocking described peristome.
8. nutrient fluid cultivation basin according to claim 7, wherein, sheet component is the fabric of warp knitting density 80～120 (root/inch) and parallel count 70～120 (root/inch).
9. according to claim 7 or 8 described nutrient fluid cultivation basins, wherein, sheet component is taffeta fabric.
10. nutrient fluid cultivation basin according to claim 9, wherein, the taffeta fabric of sheet component for being consisted of by thermoplastic fibre.
11. nutrient fluid cultivation basin according to claim 10, wherein, sheet component is the taffeta fabric of the filament yarn that is made of thermoplastic fibre.
12. each described nutrient fluid cultivation basin according to claim 7～11, wherein, fixedly reinforced member is integrated with sheet component and basin body in use.
13. each described nutrient fluid cultivation basin according to claim 7～12 wherein, makes sheet component and basin body carry out integrated by hot melt is sticking.
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| JP2011155596 | 2011-07-14 | ||
| JP2011-155596 | 2011-07-14 |
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| CN2011103019415A Pending CN102870662A (en) | 2011-07-14 | 2011-09-30 | Nutrient solution culture system and using the method of nutrient solution cultivation, and nutrient solution culture with basin |
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Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| JP2013034472A (en) | 2013-02-21 |
| CN202340562U (en) | 2012-07-25 |
| JP5934557B2 (en) | 2016-06-15 |
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