JP2019135934A - Vertical hydroponics system and vertical hydroponics method - Google Patents

Abstract

To provide vertical hydroponics systems and vertical hydroponics methods that can prevent root rot of cultivated plants and can efficiently cultivate a plant with a small supply of nutrient solution.SOLUTION: The present invention provides a vertical hydroponics system comprising a vertical hydroponic tube 1 suspended on the ceiling of a house or standing on the floor, a culture medium 2 removably contained in a vertical hydroponics cylinder 1, and a nutrient solution supply means 4 for supplying a nutrient solution 7 from a nutrient solution storage tank 3 to the culture medium 2, the vertical hydroponics cylinder 1 comprising one or more vertical slits 11 or a plurality of openings, for planting plant seedlings or seeds in at least one direction thereof, the culture medium 2 being composed of a water-retaining sheet 21 and breathable materials 22, 23 sandwiching both sides thereof, and comprising a means for reliably collecting the nutrient solution 7 onto the water retention sheet 21 even if using a nutrient solution supply device which causes variations in a drop position.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 5

Description

  The present invention relates to a vertical hydroponic cultivation system and a vertical hydroponic cultivation method.

Conventionally, as a vertical hydroponics system, the thing of patent documents 1 and 2 is known.
The vertical hydroponic cultivation system of Patent Document 1 includes a plurality of hollow hydroponic cultivation towers (vertical hydroponic cultivation cylinders) and irrigation means for supplying a nutrient solution to the medium material in the hollow hydroponic cultivation tower (nutrient supply) Means).
Moreover, the said hollow hydroponics tower is a structure provided with the groove part (vertical direction slit or opening part) for planting the seedling of a plant in the one side | surface with the square cross section.
In addition, a medium material selected from granular medium, styrofoam, polyurethane foam, plastic mesh, rock wool, coconut fiber, wicking strip, cultivation bag and vermiculite is inserted into the hollow hydroponics tower. (See Patent Document 1).
In the vertical hydroponic cultivation system of Patent Document 2, a hollow tube filled with a medium such as a nonwoven fabric is provided in a storage tank filled with a nutrient solution. It has a structure in which a nutrient solution is supplied to a medium in which plants are planted by standing upright and ejecting air from a lower end portion of a liquid feeding tube installed in a hollow tube (see Patent Document 2).

Special table 2017-538405 gazette Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 11-46606

However, in the state in which one type of medium is accommodated in the vertical hydroponic cultivation cylinder as in the conventional vertical hydroponic cultivation system, water and air compete for the empty wall in the medium. Successful cultivation is not easy, for example, the ratio of the gas phase becomes lower depending on the amount of liquid, causing root rot, and the use is limited only to those having a good balance between the water phase and the gas phase.
That is, if the medium has high water retention and low air permeability (the gas phase ratio in the medium is too low), root rot occurs, and conversely, the air permeability is high and the water retention is low (the liquid phase ratio in the medium is too low). ) And a large amount of nutrient solution supply in order not to wither the seedling, and the capacity of the pump used to supply or circulate the nutrient solution is large, which increases the equipment cost and running cost. was there.
Conversely, if the water retention is high and the air permeability is low (the liquid phase ratio in the medium is too high), root rot occurs. Or in order to avoid air shortage, the complicated apparatus like patent document 2 was needed, and there existed a trouble that an installation expense became expensive and operation became inconvenient. Moreover, even if a medium (for example, rock wool) having a good balance between the water phase and the gas phase is selected, the medium filled in the cultivation cylinder contains water, which increases the weight of the entire cultivation cylinder, and the workability is poor. There was a problem.

  The problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a vertical hydroponic cultivation system and a vertical hydroponic cultivation method that can prevent root rot of cultivated plants and can efficiently cultivate plants by supplying a small amount of nutrient solution. There is to do.

In order to solve the above-mentioned problems, the vertical hydroponic cultivation system according to claim 1 can be inserted into and removed from a vertical hydroponic cultivation cylinder suspended from the ceiling of a house or erected on the floor, and a vertical hydroponic cultivation cylinder. A vertical hydroponic cultivation system comprising: the medium contained in the medium; and the nutrient solution supply means for supplying the nutrient solution to the medium from the nutrient solution storage tank,
The vertical hydroponics tube comprises one or more vertical slits or a plurality of openings for planting plant seedlings or seeds in at least one direction thereof,
The medium is composed of a water-retaining sheet and a breathable material sandwiching at least both sides thereof,
It is comprised so that a nutrient solution may be dripped at a water retention sheet | seat from the said nutrient solution supply means.

The vertical hydroponic cultivation system according to claim 2 is a vertical hydroponic cultivation cylinder suspended from the ceiling of the house or standing on the floor, and a medium accommodated in the vertical hydroponic cultivation cylinder so as to be removable. A nutrient solution supply means for supplying nutrient solution to the culture medium from the nutrient solution storage tank, and a vertical hydroponics system comprising:
The vertical hydroponic cylinder is provided with one or more vertical slits or a plurality of openings for planting seedlings or seeds of plants in at least two directions.
The medium is composed of a water-retaining sheet and a breathable material sandwiching at least both sides thereof,
It is comprised so that a nutrient solution may be dripped at a water retention sheet | seat from the said nutrient solution supply means.

The vertical hydroponic cultivation system according to claim 3 is the vertical hydroponic cultivation system according to claim 1 or 2,
It is characterized by comprising fixing means for fixing the nourishing liquid drop outlet of the nutrient solution supply means so as to be positioned directly above the water retention sheet.

The vertical hydroponic cultivation system according to claim 4 is the vertical hydroponic cultivation system according to any one of claims 1 to 3,
The nutrient liquid drop outlet of the nutrient solution supply means touches the water retention sheet.

The vertical hydroponic cultivation system according to claim 5 is the vertical hydroponic cultivation system according to any one of claims 1 to 4.
The nutrient solution lowering port of the nutrient solution supply means is sandwiched between the water retention sheet and the upper end of one breathable material.

The vertical hydroponic cultivation system according to claim 6 is the vertical hydroponic cultivation system according to any one of claims 1 to 5,
The water-retaining sheet has a thickness of 2 mm or more.

The vertical hydroponic cultivation system according to claim 7 is the vertical hydroponic cultivation system according to any one of claims 1 to 6,
The upper end of the water-retaining sheet protrudes from the upper surfaces of the air permeable materials.

The vertical hydroponic cultivation system according to claim 8 is the vertical hydroponic cultivation system according to claim 7,
The upper end portion of the water-retaining sheet protruding from the upper end of the breathable material is folded and placed on the upper surface of at least one of the breathable materials.

The vertical hydroponic cultivation system according to claim 9 is the vertical hydroponic cultivation system according to claim 8,
The folded water-retaining sheet is characterized in that the thickness of the folded water-retaining sheet becomes thicker toward the tip, and the upper surface thereof is formed in an inclined shape that becomes higher as it goes outward with the water-retaining sheet as the center.

The vertical hydroponic cultivation system according to claim 10 is the vertical hydroponic cultivation system according to claim 8,
It is characterized in that an inclined member having an inclined upper surface that becomes higher toward the outside centering on the water retaining sheet is provided on the upper surface of the breathable material on the side of the water retaining sheet that is folded at least.

The vertical hydroponic cultivation system according to claim 11 is the vertical hydroponic cultivation system according to claim 8,
The upper surface of the folded breathable material on the water-retaining sheet side is formed in an inclined shape that becomes higher as it goes outward with the water-retaining sheet as the center.

The vertical hydroponic cultivation system according to claim 12 is the vertical hydroponic cultivation system according to any one of claims 1 to 11,
Collecting nutrient solution dripped from the bottom of the vertical hydroponics tube, equipped with nutrient solution collection means for collecting in the nutrient solution storage tank,
The nutrient solution recovery means includes a drain pan that recovers the nutrient solution dropped from the lower part of the vertical hydroponic cultivation cylinder, and is configured to circulate the nutrient solution recovered in the drain pan to the nutrient solution storage tank. And

The vertical hydroponic cultivation system according to claim 13 is the vertical hydroponic cultivation system according to any one of claims 1 to 12,
The nutrient solution supply means includes a flow rate adjusting means for adjusting a nutrient solution supply amount to the water retention sheet, and is configured to drop the nutrient solution from the flow rate adjustment means onto the water retention sheet.
A water content sensor is provided at the lower end of the water retention sheet.

The vertical hydroponic cultivation system according to claim 14 is the vertical hydroponic cultivation system according to claim 13,
The flow rate adjusting means is composed of nutrient solution supply amount control means for controlling the water retention amount at the lower end portion of the water retention sheet by automatically controlling the electric valve with a signal from the electric valve and the moisture amount sensor. Features.

The vertical hydroponic cultivation system according to claim 15 is the vertical hydroponic cultivation system according to claim 13,
The flow rate adjusting means is a manual valve.

The vertical hydroponic cultivation system according to claim 16 is the vertical hydroponic cultivation system according to any one of claims 1 to 15,
A thermal heater is provided in contact with the water retention sheet.

The vertical hydroponic cultivation method according to claim 17 is a vertical hydroponic cultivation tube suspended on the ceiling of the house or erected on the floor, and a medium accommodated in the vertical hydroponic cultivation tube so as to be removable. A nutrient solution supply means for supplying nutrient solution to the culture medium from the nutrient solution storage tank,
The vertical hydroponics tube comprises one or more vertical slits or a plurality of openings for planting plant seedlings or seeds in at least one direction thereof,
The medium is composed of a water retention sheet and a breathable material sandwiching at least both sides thereof,
Plant seedlings or seeds are grown with the nutrient solution supplied to the water retention sheet by dropping the nutrient solution onto the water retention sheet from the nutrient solution supply means.

The vertical hydroponic cultivation method according to claim 18 is a vertical hydroponic cultivation tube suspended on a ceiling of a house or erected on a floor surface, and a medium accommodated in a vertical hydroponic cultivation tube so as to be removable. A nutrient solution supply means for supplying nutrient solution to the culture medium from the nutrient solution storage tank, and a vertical hydroponics method comprising:
The vertical hydroponic cylinder is provided with one or more vertical slits or a plurality of openings for planting seedlings or seeds of plants in at least two directions.
The medium is composed of a water retention sheet and a breathable material sandwiching at least both sides thereof,
Plant seedlings or seeds are grown with the nutrient solution supplied to the water retention sheet by dropping the nutrient solution onto the water retention sheet from the nutrient solution supply means.

The vertical hydroponics method according to claim 19 is the vertical hydroponics method according to claim 17 or 18,
A fixing means is provided for fixing the nutrient liquid drop outlet of the nutrient solution supply means so as to be positioned immediately above the water retention sheet.

The vertical hydroponic cultivation method according to claim 20 is the vertical hydroponic cultivation method according to any one of claims 17 to 19,
The nutrient solution lowering port of the nutrient solution supply means is brought into contact with the water retention sheet.

The vertical hydroponics method according to claim 21 is the vertical hydroponics method according to any one of claims 17 to 20,
The nutrient liquid drop lower port of the nutrient solution supply means is in a state of being sandwiched between the water retention sheet and the upper end portion of one breathable material.

The vertical hydroponic cultivation method according to claim 22 is the vertical hydroponic cultivation method according to any one of claims 17 to 21,
The thickness of the water retention sheet is 2 mm or more.

The vertical hydroponic cultivation method according to claim 23 is the vertical hydroponic cultivation method according to any one of claims 17 to 22,
The upper end of the water-retaining sheet protrudes from the upper surfaces of the air-permeable materials.

The vertical hydroponics method according to claim 24 is the vertical hydroponics method according to claim 23,
The upper end portion of the water retaining sheet protruding from the upper end of the breathable material is folded and placed on the upper surface of at least one breathable material,
The nutrient solution is dropped from the nutrient solution supply means onto a water-retaining sheet on which the nutrient solution is folded and placed.

The vertical hydroponics method according to claim 25 is the vertical hydroponics method according to claim 24,
The folded water-retaining sheet is formed so as to increase in thickness as it goes to the tip, so that the upper surface of the folded water-retaining sheet is formed in an inclined shape that becomes higher toward the outside with the water-retaining sheet as the center.

The vertical hydroponics method according to claim 26 is the vertical hydroponics method according to claim 24,
The upper surface of the breathable material on the side of the water-retaining sheet folded at least is provided with an inclined member having an inclined upper surface that becomes higher as it goes outward with the water-retaining sheet as a center.

The vertical hydroponics method according to claim 27 is the vertical hydroponics method according to claim 24,
The upper surface of the bent breathable material on the water-retaining sheet side is formed in an inclined shape that becomes higher as it goes outward with the water-retaining sheet as the center.

The vertical hydroponic cultivation method according to claim 28 is the vertical hydroponic cultivation method according to any one of claims 17 to 27,
Collecting nutrient solution dripped from the bottom of the vertical hydroponics tube, equipped with nutrient solution collection means for collecting in the nutrient solution storage tank,
The nutrient solution recovery means includes a drain pan that recovers the nutrient solution dropped from the lower part of the vertical hydroponic cultivation cylinder, and is configured to circulate the nutrient solution recovered in the drain pan to the nutrient solution storage tank. And

The vertical hydroponics method according to claim 29 is the vertical hydroponics method according to any one of claims 17 to 28,
The nutrient solution supply means includes a flow rate adjusting means for adjusting a nutrient solution supply amount to the water retention sheet, and is configured to drop the nutrient solution from the flow rate adjustment means onto the water retention sheet.
A water content sensor is provided at the lower end of the water retention sheet.

The vertical hydroponics method according to claim 30 is the vertical hydroponics method according to claim 29,
The flow rate adjusting means comprises a nutrient solution supply amount control means for controlling the water retention amount at the lower end portion of the water retention sheet by automatically controlling the electric valve with a signal from the electric valve and the moisture amount sensor. To do.

The vertical hydroponics method according to claim 31 is the vertical hydroponics method according to claim 29,
The flow rate adjusting means is constituted by a manual valve.

The vertical hydroponics method according to claim 32 is the vertical hydroponics method according to any one of claims 17 to 31,
A thermal heater is provided in contact with the water retention sheet.

In the vertical hydroponic cultivation system according to the first and second aspects of the present invention, as described above, the water-holding sheet for planting seedlings or seeds of the plant in the medium that is detachably accommodated in the vertical hydroponic cultivation cylinder And a breathable material sandwiched between both sides, and the nutrient solution is dripped onto the upper end of the water retaining sheet, so that the roots of the plant seedlings sandwiched between the water retaining sheet and the breathable material Since water and oxygen are reliably supplied, it is possible to prevent cultivated plants from withering and root rot.
In addition, the medium has a two-part structure consisting of a water-retaining sheet and a breathable material. Any material that is excellent and inexpensive or can be easily supplied can be used widely, and the range of selection of materials can be expanded.
In addition, by selecting a material that is light in weight or hard to break, performance such as ease of use can be improved.

  In the vertical hydroponic cultivation system according to claim 2, as described above, one or more vertical slits or a plurality of slits for planting seedlings or seeds of plants in at least two of the vertical hydroponic cultivation cylinders. By providing this opening, the number of plant seedlings that can be cultivated in each vertical hydroponics cylinder, and thus the production yield of the plant, can be greatly increased.

In the vertical hydroponic cultivation system according to claim 3, as described above, the nutrient solution supply means includes a fixing unit that fixes the nutrient solution lower end of the nutrient solution supply unit so as to be positioned right above the water retention sheet. Can be reliably dropped onto the water-holding sheet without leaking in the direction of the breathable material.
As a result, the plant can be cultivated with the minimum amount of nutrient drops.

In the vertical hydroponic cultivation system according to claim 4, as described above, the nutrient solution is in the direction of the breathable material by bringing the nutrient solution lower end of the nutrient solution supply means into contact with the upper end of the water retention sheet. Without being leaked, it can be surely dropped onto the water retaining sheet.
As a result, the plant can be cultivated with the minimum amount of nutrient drops.

In the vertical hydroponic cultivation system according to claim 5, as described above, the nutrient droplet lower end of the nutrient solution supply means is sandwiched between the water retention sheet and the upper end of one of the breathable materials, A liquid can be reliably dripped at a water retention sheet.
As a result, the plant can be cultivated with the minimum amount of nutrient drops.

In the vertical hydroponic cultivation system according to the sixth aspect, as described above, the nutrient solution can be more reliably dropped onto the water retention sheet by setting the thickness of the water retention sheet to 2 mm or more.
As a result, the plant can be cultivated with the minimum amount of nutrient drops.

In the vertical hydroponic cultivation system according to claim 7, as described above, since the upper end of the water retention sheet protrudes from the upper surfaces of both breathable materials, the distance from the dripping port can be reduced. Can be more reliably dropped onto the water retaining sheet.
As a result, the plant can be cultivated with the minimum amount of nutrient drops.

  In the vertical hydroponic cultivation system according to claim 8, as described above, the water retention sheet is simply placed on the upper surface of at least one of the air permeable materials by bending and placing the upper end portion of the water retention sheet protruding from the upper end of the air permeable material. The nutrient solution can be effectively collected on the water retaining sheet without losing a part of the nutrient solution to the breathable material side compared to the case where the breathable sheet is sandwiched between the breathable materials. Even if the nourishing liquid drop position is slightly shifted to the left or right using a nutrient solution supply device with a large variation in the drop position, plants can be reliably cultivated even with a small amount of nutrient solution supplied.

  In the vertical hydroponic cultivation system according to claim 9, as described above, the folded water-retaining sheet is thickened as it goes to the tip, so that the upper surface goes outward with the water-retaining sheet as the center. By forming it in an inclined shape that becomes higher as the water content increases, the nutrient solution dripped onto the folded water-holding sheet is prevented from jumping to the outside, and the time for staying on the upper surface is shortened compared to the case where there is no inclination. Leakage of the nutrient solution dropped on the adhesive sheet in the direction of the breathable material and evaporation on the upper surface can be suppressed, and the nutrient solution can be used efficiently.

  In the vertical hydroponic cultivation system according to claim 10, as described above, at least the upper surface of the breathable material on the side of the water-retaining sheet that is bent has an inclined upper surface that becomes higher as it goes outward with the water-retaining sheet as the center. By providing the inclined member, the upper surface of the folded water retention sheet becomes an inclined surface, and the nutrient solution dropped on the inclined surface is prevented from jumping to the outside and the nutrient solution dropped on the water retention sheet is vented. This makes it possible to use the nutrient solution more efficiently by preventing leakage and evaporation to the sexual material.

  In the vertical hydroponic cultivation system according to claim 11, as described above, the upper surface of the folded breathable material on the water-retaining sheet side is formed in an inclined shape that becomes higher as it goes outward with the water-retaining sheet as the center. Therefore, the upper surface of the folded water retention sheet becomes an inclined surface, and the nutrient solution dropped on the inclined surface is prevented from jumping to the outside, and the nutrient solution dropped on the water retention sheet leaks to the breathable material. And the evaporation can be prevented and the nutrient solution can be used more efficiently.

In the vertical hydroponic cultivation system according to claim 12, as described above, the nutrient solution dripping from the lower part of the vertical hydroponic cultivation cylinder is collected and provided with a nutrient solution collecting means for collecting in the nutrient solution storage tank,
The nutrient solution collecting means includes a drain pan that collects the nutrient solution dropped from the lower part of the vertical hydroponic cultivation cylinder, and is configured to circulate the nutrient solution collected in the drain pan to the nutrient solution storage tank. The nutrient solution can be used efficiently, and the cost of the nutrient solution can be reduced. In addition, there is little impact on the environment due to disposal of nutrient solution.

  In the vertical hydroponic cultivation system according to claim 13, as described above, the nutrient solution supply means includes a flow rate adjusting means for adjusting the nutrient solution supply amount to the water retention sheet, and the nutrient solution is supplied from the flow rate adjusting means. It is configured to be dropped on the water-holding sheet, and a water content sensor is provided at the lower end of the water-holding sheet so that the water content at the lower end of the water-holding sheet is adjusted so as not to exceed the saturation amount, and the nutrient solution is recovered. It is also possible to install a simple device such as a tray without installing a circulation device. Alternatively, a system in which a very small amount of nutrient solution exceeding a small amount is circulated can be used.

In the vertical hydroponic cultivation system according to claim 14, as described above, the electric valve and the nutrient solution supply amount control unit are provided as the flow rate adjusting unit, so that the electric valve is automatically controlled, and the nutrient solution amount is automatically adjusted. It can be adjusted to an appropriate amount.
Thereby, including the remote operation from the outside of the cultivation house, it is possible to automatically adjust the amount of nutrient solution without being delayed due to sudden changes in weather and temperature.

  In the vertical hydroponic cultivation system according to the fifteenth aspect, as described above, by using the manual valve as the flow rate adjusting means, the amount of nutrient solution can be manually adjusted to an appropriate amount without particularly incurring equipment costs.

  In the vertical hydroponic cultivation system according to claim 16, as described above, the temperature around the fine roots of the plants in contact with the water retention sheet is adjusted by providing a thermal heater in contact with the water retention sheet even in winter. It can be kept at an appropriate temperature, and this brings about the effect that the development of fine roots can be promoted, the nutrient solution absorption rate can be greatly improved, and the yield can be improved.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS It is whole explanatory drawing which shows the vertical hydroponic cultivation system of Example 1. FIG. FIG. 2 is an enlarged cross-sectional view taken along line AA in FIG. 1. FIG. 3 is an enlarged front view showing a main part of the culture medium of Example 1. It is a principal part expansion vertical front view which shows the vertical hydroponic cultivation system of Example 1. FIG. It is a principal part expansion vertical front view which shows the vertical hydroponic cultivation system of Example 2. FIG. It is a principal part expansion vertical front view which shows the vertical hydroponic cultivation system of Example 3. FIG. It is a principal part expansion vertical front view which shows the vertical hydroponic cultivation system of Example 4. FIG. It is a principal part expansion vertical front view which shows the vertical hydroponic cultivation system of Example 5. FIG. It is a principal part expansion vertical front view which shows the vertical hydroponic cultivation system of Example 6. FIG. It is a principal part expansion vertical front view which shows the vertical hydroponic cultivation system of Example 7. FIG. It is a principal part expansion vertical front view which shows the vertical hydroponic cultivation system of Example 8. FIG. FIG. 10 is a perspective view showing an inclined member of Example 8. It is a principal part expansion vertical front view which shows the vertical hydroponic cultivation system of Example 9. FIG. It is a whole explanatory view showing the vertical hydroponics system of Example 10. It is a whole explanatory view showing the vertical hydroponics system of Example 11. It is a principal part expansion vertical front view which shows the vertical hydroponic cultivation system of Example 12. FIG. It is a perspective view which shows the vertical hydroponic cylinder of Example 1 of Example 13. FIG. It is an expansion cross-sectional view which shows the vertical hydroponic apparatus of Example 1 of Example 13. It is a perspective view which shows the vertical hydroponic cylinder of Example 2 of Example 13. FIG. It is an expanded cross-sectional view which shows the vertical hydroponic apparatus of Example 2 of Example 13. It is a perspective view which shows the air permeable material of Example 2 of Example 13. FIG.

  Embodiments of the present invention will be described below with reference to the drawings.

First, the vertical hydroponics system of Example 1 will be described with reference to the drawings.
As shown in FIGS. 1 to 4, the vertical hydroponic cultivation system of Example 1 includes a vertical hydroponic cultivation cylinder 1, a culture medium 2, a nutrient solution storage tank 3, a nutrient solution supply means 4, and a nutrient solution. The liquid collection means 5, the plant seedling or seed 6, and the nutrient solution 7 are provided as main components.

More specifically, the vertical hydroponic cultivation cylinder 1 is a cylinder having a square cross section in the first embodiment, and includes a vertical slit 11 for planting seedlings or seeds 6 of a plant on one side surface thereof, and a house. It is provided in the state suspended from the suspension pipe (wire or string) 8b on the suspension pipe 8a provided along the ceiling.
In addition, as the vertical hydroponics cylinder 1, it can create by opening the slit 11 or the some opening part in the shape which is easy to shape | mold, such as a cross-sectional square and a circle. Alternatively, it is also possible to utilize an existing product such as ZIPGROW (trademark) of Bright Agorotech.

  The culture medium 2 is composed of a water retention sheet 21 and breathable materials 22 and 23 sandwiching both surfaces thereof, and is inserted and accommodated in the vertical hydroponics cylinder 1 so as to be inserted and removed.

The nutrient solution supply means 4 includes a nutrient solution supply pump 41 and drops the nutrient solution 7 from the nutrient solution storage tank 3 to the upper end portion of the water retention sheet 21 through the nutrient solution supply pipe 4a.
The dropping rate of the nutrient solution 7 is preferably 0.05 g / second to 100 g / second. Particularly preferred is 0.1 g / second to 50 g / second.
If it is less than 0.05 g / sec, even if the nutrient solution 7 is dropped on the water retention sheet 21, the water retention sheet 21 is dried by evaporation, and a sufficient amount of the nutrient solution 7 is not supplied to the roots of the plant.
On the other hand, when the value is larger than 100 g / sec, the nutrient solution 7 that cannot be held in the water-holding sheet 21 flows out onto the plant surface and wets the floor. Further, when the outflow of the liquid through the plant continues for a long time, the whole amount of the circulating nutrient solution is consumed, and the supplied nutrient solution 7 is depleted and the plant is withered.
In addition, when the nutrient solution 7 pumped up by one pump is circulated and used in the vertical hydroponic culture facility, one vertical hydroponic culture cylinder 1 increases as the number of the vertical hydroponic culture cylinders 1 increases. The dripping speed that can be distributed to the area must be small.
Therefore, when the dropping speed is set to be small, plants can be cultivated in a large number of cultivation cylinders without using a high output and expensive pump.

  The nutrient solution recovery means 5 includes a drain pan 51 that receives the nutrient solution 7 dropped from the lower end of the water retention sheet 21 and a nutrient solution recovery circulation pump 52, and the nutrient solution 7 collected in the drain pan 51 is recovered and circulated. The pump 52 collects and circulates it in the nutrient solution storage tank 3.

The thickness of the water retaining sheet 21 is desirably 2 mm or more.
That is, the larger the thickness, the more reliably the dripping nutrient solution 7 can be dripped onto the water retention sheet 21.
The water retention sheet 21 is not necessarily a single sheet, and a plurality of sheets may be used in a stacked manner.
For example, two or more sheets having a thickness of 1 mm may be stacked and sandwiched between the breathable materials 22 and 23.
The upper limit of the thickness is desirably up to 80%, more preferably up to 70% of the thickness of the vertical hydroponic cultivation cylinder 1. When it becomes thicker than that, it will become heavy because there are too many nutrient solutions 7, and workability | operativity will become worse.

Next, operations and effects of the first embodiment will be described.
Since the vertical hydroponic cultivation system of Example 1 is configured as described above, a plurality of plants are provided between the water-retaining sheet 21 and the breathable material 22 or 23 as shown in FIGS. When the culture medium 2 is inserted into the vertical hydroponics cylinder 1 with the seedlings or seeds 6 sandwiched between them, and the nutrient solution 7 is dropped onto the upper end of the water retention sheet 21 by the nutrient solution supply pump 41, the seedlings Alternatively, the seed 6 grows by absorbing the nutrient solution 7 from the water retention sheet 21.
In the vertical hydroponics system of Example 1, as described above, the medium 2 that is detachably accommodated in the vertical hydroponics cylinder 1 is a water retention sheet 21 for planting plant seedlings or seeds 6; It is composed of breathable materials 22 and 23 sandwiched between both surfaces, and the nutrient solution 7 is dropped on the upper end of the water retaining sheet 21, so that the water retaining sheet 21 and the breathable materials 22 and 23 are placed between them. Since water and oxygen are reliably supplied to the roots of the plant seedlings or seeds 6 sandwiched, it is possible to prevent the cultivated plants from withering and root rot.
In addition, the medium 2 has a water retention sheet 21 and a breathable material 22, 23, and by sharing the roles, the water retention is low but the breathability is excellent and inexpensive, and the easy to supply / breathability is If it is low but excellent in water retention, inexpensive and easy to supply, it can be widely used and the range of materials can be selected.
In addition, by selecting a material that is light in weight or hard to break, performance such as ease of use can be improved.

Moreover, the nutrient solution 7 can be dripped more reliably to the water retention sheet 21 by setting the thickness of the water retention sheet 21 to 2 mm or more.
As a result, the plant can be cultivated with the minimum amount of nutrient drops.

  Moreover, the nutrient solution recovery means 5 which collects the nutrient solution 7 dripped from the lower part of the vertical hydroponic cultivation cylinder 1 and collects it in the nutrient solution storage tank 3 is provided, and the nutrient solution recovery means 5 is a vertical hydroponic cultivation cylinder. 1 is provided with a drain pan 51 that collects the nutrient solution 7 dripped from the lower part of 1, and is configured to circulate the nutrient solution 7 collected in the drain pan 51 to the nutrient solution storage tank 3. Can be utilized, and the cost for the nutrient solution 7 can be reduced. Moreover, there is little impact on the environment by discarding the nutrient solution 7.

  Next, another embodiment will be described. In the description of the other embodiments, the same components as those of the first embodiment are not shown, or the same reference numerals are given and the description thereof is omitted, and only the differences are described.

As shown in FIG. 5, the vertical hydroponic cultivation system of Example 2 has a nutrient liquid drop outlet 4 b at the lower end connected to the nutrient solution supply pipe 4 a in the nutrient solution supply means 4. The point which is provided with the fixing means 8 for fixing so that it may be located on the top differs from the said Example 1. FIG.
In the second embodiment, the fixing means 8 has a structure for fixing the solution supply pipe 4a to the suspension member (wire or string) 8b. In addition, the structure of this fixing means 8 is arbitrary, for example, it is arbitrary, such as fixing the dripping tube 4d directly to the vertical hydroponic cultivation cylinder 1.
According to the second embodiment, by including the fixing unit 8 that fixes the nutrient solution lower end 4b at the lower end of the nutrient solution supply pipe 4a in the nutrient solution supply unit 4 so as to be positioned directly above the water retention sheet 21, The nutrient solution 7 can be effectively collected without loss to the water-retaining sheet 21 reliably.
Accordingly, it is possible to use a pump having a small capacity as a pump used for supplying or circulating the nutrient solution 7, thereby reducing facility costs and running costs.

As shown in FIG. 6, the vertical hydroponic cultivation system according to the third embodiment has the above-described first embodiment in that the nourishment droplet lower port 4 b of the nutrient solution supply unit 4 is in contact with the upper end portion of the water retention sheet 21. 2 is different.
In the third embodiment, as described above, the nutrient solution lower port 4b of the nutrient solution supply means 4 is in contact with the upper end portion of the water retention sheet 21, so that the nutrient solution 7 is directed in the direction of the breathable materials 22 and 23. Without being leaked, the water retaining sheet 21 can be reliably dropped.
As a result, the plant can be cultivated with the minimum amount of nutrient drops.

In the vertical hydroponics system of Example 4, as shown in FIG. 7, the nourishment liquid drop lower port 4 b of the nourishment liquid supply means 4 is sandwiched between the water retaining sheet 21 and the upper end of one air-permeable material 22. This is different from the first to third embodiments.
In Example 4, as described above, the nutrient liquid lower port 4b of the nutrient solution supply means 4 is sandwiched between the water retention sheet 21 and the air-permeable material 22, so that the nutrient solution is reliably supplied to the water retention sheet 21. Can be supplied to.
As a result, the plant can be cultivated with the minimum amount of nutrient drops.

As shown in FIG. 8, the vertical hydroponic cultivation system of Example 5 has the above Examples 1 to 4 in that the upper end of the water retention sheet 21 protrudes from the upper surfaces of the air-permeable materials 22 and 23. Is different.
In this Example 5, as described above, the nutrient solution 7 is directed in the direction of the breathable materials 22 and 23 by bringing the nutrient droplet lower port 4b of the nutrient solution supply means 4 into contact with the upper end portion of the water retention sheet 21. Without being leaked, the water retaining sheet 21 can be reliably dropped.
As a result, the plant can be cultivated with the minimum amount of nutrient drops.

As shown in FIG. 9, the vertical hydroponic cultivation system of Example 6 covers the upper surface of the water retaining sheet protruding from the upper ends of the ventilation materials 22 and 23 on the upper surface of at least one of the ventilation materials 23. It is different from the first to fifth embodiments in that it is bent and placed.
In Example 6, as described above, the water retaining sheet 21 is simply placed on the upper surface of at least one breathable material 23 by bending the upper end portion of the water retaining sheet protruding from the upper ends of the breathable materials 22 and 23. Compared to the case of just sandwiching the breathable material 22, 23, the nutrient solution 7 is not lost to the breathable material 22, 23 side, and the nutrient solution 7 is folded and placed through the water retention sheet 21a. Since it can be effectively collected on the water-retaining sheet 21, even if the position of the nourishing liquid drop is slightly shifted to the left or right using the nourishing liquid supply device having a large variation in the dropping position of the nourishing liquid 7, the amount of the nourishing liquid 7 is small. The plant can be cultivated reliably even if it is supplied.

  The water retaining sheet 21 does not necessarily have to be one continuous sheet. Even when two or more water-retaining sheets 21 are brought into contact with each other, the same effect can be obtained. For example, a breathable material can be obtained by stacking and placing a water retaining sheet of a size covering the top surface of the breathable material on a water retaining sheet 21a folded and placed on the top surface of the breathable material 23 on one side as shown in FIG. No matter where the nutrient solution 7 is dropped, the nutrient solution 7 can be guided to the vicinity of the root of the seedling of the plant without loss.

Next, cultivation comparative experimental examples of Examples 1 to 6 will be described.
1. Experimental Example 1 (Reference Example): Breathable materials 22 and 23 (material is polyethylene) having a thickness of 4.8 cm, a width of 10 cm, and a length of 150 cm are folded in half into two pieces, with a thickness of 1 mm between them. Polyester felt (water-retaining sheet 21) made by Daiso Sangyo Co., Ltd. with a width of 9 cm and a length of 70 cm is made the same as the top surface of the breathable materials 22 and 23 (the upper end of the felt is not projected upward) In this state, the sample was sandwiched in a vertical hydroponic cultivation cylinder 1 (material is polyvinyl chloride) having a square with a side of 10 cm in cross section and a slit 11 having a width of 2 cm at the center of the side.
Another piece (75 cm in length) sandwiched with the same felt as described above (75 cm in length) was prepared, and a total of 2 pieces were filled in a cultivation tube (length 150 cm).
Six vertical hydroponic cultivation cylinders 1 were prepared.
Basil seedlings were planted on these vertical hydroponic cylinders.
The seedlings are planted in a 9cm pot, and the plant height is 7-10cm. After washing the soil from the roots with tap water, there are 6 pieces with a 20cm gap between polyethylene and felt (up and down ventilation material) 3 pieces of basil seedlings were sandwiched between the two and attached to the vertical hydroponics cylinder 1.
The vertical hydroponics cylinder 1 is suspended from the ceiling and passes through the center of the slit 11 of the vertical hydroponics cylinder 1 as shown in FIG. The vertical hydroponics cylinder 1 and the nutrient solution supply pipe 4a were arranged so that the nutrient solution supply pipe 4a came on a line divided into two rectangles.
A drip tube 4d is connected to each nutrient solution supply pipe 4a via a cock 4c for opening and closing and controlling the amount of nutrient solution, so that the nutrient solution 7 can be dripped from the drip tube 4d.
Six vertical hydroponic cultivation cylinders 1 were prepared. (The dropping position is theoretically a position where the thickness of the water-retaining sheet 21 is accurately divided into two, but as shown in FIG. 4, the thickness accuracy of the breathable materials 22, 23, the dropping tube connected under the cock 4c. There was some blurring in the left-right direction due to the 4d warpage.)
2. Experimental Example 2 (Comparative Example): A vertical hydroponic cultivation cylinder 1 equipped with basil seedlings is prepared in the same manner as Experimental Example 1 except that the medium 2 is sandwiched only in polyethylene that does not contain felt.
The basil seedling basement was sandwiched between the two polyethylenes.
Two vertical hydroponics cylinders 1 were prepared.
3. Experimental Example 3: A type hydroponic cultivation cylinder 1 equipped with a basil seedling similar to that in Example 1 was prepared.
After the above-described hydroponics cylinder 1 is suspended from the ceiling, the presence or absence of blurring to the left and right is confirmed in the state where the nutrient solution 7 is dripped, and the dripping tube 4d is fixed to the suspension member 8b as shown in FIG. By doing so, the position was finely corrected.
4). Experimental Example 4: A cultivation cylinder equipped with the same basil seedling as in Example 1 was prepared.
After the vertical hydroponics cylinder 1 was suspended from the ceiling, the tip of the dropping tube 4d was brought into contact with the water retention sheet 21 as shown in FIG.
5. Experimental Example 5: A type hydroponic cultivation cylinder 1 equipped with the same basil seedling as in Example 1 was prepared.
The dripping tube 4d connected to the bottom of the cock 4c with the nutrient solution supply pipe 4a is changed to a type having a long tip, and the vertical hydroponics cylinder 1 is suspended from the ceiling and then shown in FIG. As described above, the tip of the dropping tube 4 d was sandwiched between the water retaining sheet 21 and the breathable material 22.
6). Experimental Example 6: A breathable material (material is polyethylene) with a thickness of 4.1 cm, a width of 10 cm, and a length of 150 cm is folded into two pieces in half length, and between that, the thickness is 16 mm, the width is 9 cm, and the length is 70 cm. The cut rock wool (trade name: Yasai Hana bed) of Nippon Rockwool, which was cut, was sandwiched so as to protrude 3 cm from the upper surface of the breathable materials 22 and 23, and the rest was installed with the same basil seedling as in Example 1. A type hydroponic tube 1 was prepared.
As shown in FIG. 8, the vertical hydroponics cylinder 1 was suspended from the ceiling so that the nutrient solution 7 could be dropped.
7). Experimental example 7: A ventilation material of the same size and material as in Example 1 was folded into two pieces in half length, and a polyester felt (water retention sheet) having a thickness of 1 mm, a width of 9 cm, and a length of 70 cm was sandwiched between them. The upper end 2cm of the felt protrudes from the upper end of the polyethylene, and as shown in FIG. 9, the protruding portion is bent and placed on the upper surface of the polyethylene. A cultivation cylinder 1 was prepared.
8). Experimental Example 8: A ventilation material of the same size and material as in Example 1 was folded into two pieces in half length, and a polyester felt (water retention sheet) having a thickness of 1 mm, a width of 9 cm, and a length of 70 cm was sandwiched therebetween. The vertical hydroponics cylinder 1 equipped with basil seedlings similar to Example 7 was prepared except that the upper end 1 cm of the felt was protruded from the upper end of the polyethylene and the length of the protruding portion was 1 cm instead of 2 cm.
Further, the same felt having a thickness of 1 mm was cut into a square having a width of 9 cm and a length of 9 cm, and placed on the folded upper end of the polyethylene breathable material so as to cover the 1 cm felt that had already been folded and placed.
9. Fertilizer nutrient solution (aqueous solution in which OAT House No. 1 was dissolved to a concentration of 0.8 g / L) was dropped into the vertical hydroponic cultivation cylinder 1 of Experimental Examples 1 to 8 at a rate of 20 g / min for 3 days. Cultivation was carried out below.
10. Comparative Experimental Results Experimental Example 1 (Reference Example): Of the total of 36 seedlings of the vertical hydroponic cultivation cylinder 1, 21 seedlings grew smoothly.
In the vertical hydroponic cultivation cylinder 1 that grew most smoothly, all 6 seedlings out of 6 seedlings grew smoothly.
In the vertical hydroponic cultivation cylinder 1 which was the worst, 5 out of 6 seedlings withered.
Experimental example 2 (comparative example): Among the total 12 seedlings of the two vertical hydroponic cultivation cylinders 1, one seedling grew smoothly.
In the first vertical hydroponic cultivation cylinder 1, one of six seedlings continued to grow, but five seedlings withered.
In the second vertical hydroponic cultivation cylinder 1, 6 seedlings withered out of 6 seedlings withered.
Experimental Examples 3 to 8: All 6 seedlings out of 6 seedlings grew smoothly.

In the vertical hydroponic cultivation system of Example 7, as shown in FIG. 10, the folded water-retaining sheet 21 a becomes thicker as it goes to the tip, so that the upper surface is centered on the water-retaining sheet 21. As described above, it is different from the sixth embodiment in that it is formed in an inclined shape that becomes higher as it goes outward.
In Example 7, as described above, the thickness of the folded water-retaining sheet 21a is increased as it goes to the tip, so that the upper surface of the folded water-retaining sheet 21a becomes higher as it goes outward with the water-retaining sheet 21 as the center. By forming in the shape, the time for staying on the upper surface of the folded water-retaining sheet 21a is shortened compared to the case where there is no inclination, so that the nutrient solution 7 can be used efficiently.

As shown in FIGS. 11 and 12, the vertical hydroponic cultivation system of Example 8 goes to the outside centered on the water retaining sheet 21 on the upper surface of the breathable material 23 on the side of the water retaining sheet 21 a that is folded at least. The present embodiment is different from the sixth and seventh embodiments in that it includes an inclined member 21b having an inclined upper surface that increases accordingly.
In Example 8, as described above, the inclined member 21a has an inclined upper surface that increases at the upper surface of the breathable material 23 on the side of the folded water retaining sheet 21a with the water retaining sheet 21 as the center. The upper surface of the folded water-retaining sheet 21a becomes an inclined surface, and the jumping of the nutrient solution 7 dropped on the inclined surface to the outside is prevented, and the nutrient solution 7 dropped on the water-retaining sheet 21a The leakage to the breathable material 23 and evaporation can be prevented and the nutrient solution 7 can be used more efficiently.
In addition, although the raw material of the inclination member 21b is arbitrary, it is desirable that at least the upper surface of the inclination is made of a material having no air permeability.
Further, the shape of the inclined member 21b is not limited to a substantially right triangle as long as an inclined upper surface is formed, and is arbitrary. Further, the inclined upper surface of the inclined member 21b is not limited to a straight line, but may be a concave curved surface, for example.

In the vertical hydroponic cultivation system of Example 9, as shown in FIG. 13, the upper surface of the folded breathable material 23 on the side of the water retention sheet 21 a becomes higher as it goes outward with the water retention sheet 21 as the center. It differs from the said Examples 6-8 by the point currently formed in the shape.
In Example 9, as described above, the upper surface of the breathable material 23 on the side of the water-retaining sheet 21a that is folded is formed in an inclined shape that becomes higher as it goes outward with the water-retaining sheet 21 as a center. The upper surface of the water retention sheet 21a thus formed is an inclined surface, and prevents the nutrient solution 7 dropped on the inclined surface from jumping to the outside, and the nutrient solution 7 dropped on the water retention sheet 21a is applied to the breathable material 23. Leaking and evaporation can be prevented and the nutrient solution 7 can be used more efficiently.

In the vertical hydroponic cultivation system of the tenth embodiment, as shown in FIG. 14, the nutrient solution supply unit 4 includes a flow rate adjusting unit 42 that adjusts the nutrient solution supply amount to the water retention sheet 21. The nutrient solution 7 is dripped onto the water retention sheet 21 from the means 42, the moisture content sensor 9 is provided at the lower end of the water retention sheet 21, and the flow rate adjustment means 42 includes the electric valve 42 a and the moisture content sensor. 9 is the point which is comprised by the nutrient solution supply amount control means 42b which controls the water retention amount of the lower end part of the water retention sheet | seat 21 by automatically controlling the electric valve 42a with the signal from 9. It is different.
The moisture content sensor 9 measures the moisture content at the lower end of the water retaining sheet 21 and is provided at the lower end of the water retaining sheet 21. The amount of moisture measured by the moisture amount sensor 9 is displayed on the moisture meter 9a.
The flow rate adjusting means 42a adjusts the dripping amount of the nutrient solution 7 onto the water retention sheet 21. In this embodiment 14, the electric valve 42a and the electric valve 42a are automatically controlled by signals from the moisture amount sensor 9. Thus, there is provided nutrient solution supply amount control means 42b for controlling the water retention amount at the lower end of the water retention sheet 21 so as to become saturated.
Moreover, by providing the drain pan 9b which receives the nutrient solution 7 dripped from the water retention sheet 21 at the lower part of the vertical hydroponic cultivation cylinder 1, the nutrient when the water content at the lower end of the water retention sheet 21 exceeds the saturated state Liquid 7 can be accommodated. In addition, evaporation of the nutrient solution 7 is suppressed by storing the water retaining material 9c in the drain pan 9b.

  In the tenth embodiment, as described above, the nutrient solution supply means 4 is provided with the flow rate adjusting means 42 for adjusting the nutrient solution supply amount to the water retention sheet 21, and the nutrient solution 7 is retained by the flow rate adjusting means 42. It is comprised so that it may be dripped at the water-proof sheet 21, and it adjusts so that the water content of the lower end part of the water retention sheet 21 may not exceed the saturation amount by providing the water content sensor 9 at the lower end part of the water retention sheet 21. It is possible to install no nutrient solution collection / circulation device or install a simple object such as a saucer. Alternatively, a system in which a very small amount of nutrient solution 7 exceeding a small amount is circulated can be used.

Further, in the tenth embodiment, by providing the electric valve 42a and the nutrient solution supply amount control unit 42b as the flow rate adjusting unit 42, the electric valve 42a can be automatically controlled to automatically adjust the nutrient solution amount to an appropriate amount. it can.
Thereby, including the case where it controls by the remote operation from the outside of a cultivation house, it can adjust automatically the amount of nutrient solution without being delayed even for sudden weather and temperature fluctuations.

As shown in FIG. 15, the vertical hydroponic cultivation system of the eleventh embodiment is different from the tenth embodiment in that a manual valve 42 c is used as the flow rate adjusting means 42.
In Example 11, as described above, by using the manual valve 42c as the flow rate adjusting means 42, it is possible to manually adjust the amount of nutrient solution to an appropriate amount without particularly incurring equipment costs.

As shown in FIG. 16, the vertical hydroponic cultivation system of Example 12 is different from Examples 1 to 12 in that the thermal heater 10 is provided in contact with the water retention sheet 21. .
In Example 12, as described above, the temperature around the fine root of the plant that is in contact with the water retention sheet 21 is maintained at an appropriate temperature even in winter by providing the thermal heater 10 in contact with the water retention sheet 21. As a result, it is possible to promote the development of fine roots, greatly improve the nutrient solution absorption rate and lead to an increase in yield.

In the vertical hydroponic cultivation system of Example 13, as shown in FIGS. 17 to 20, the vertical hydroponic cultivation cylinder 1 is one or more for planting seedlings or seeds 6 of plants in at least two directions. This embodiment is different from the first to twelfth embodiments in that it includes a vertical slit 11 or a plurality of openings.
That is, as Example 1 of Example 13, as shown in FIGS. 17 and 18, by providing the slits 11 on both opposite side walls of the vertical hydroponics cylinder 1, Plant seedlings or seeds 6 can be planted on both sides.
Moreover, as Example 2 of this Example 13, as shown in FIGS. 19 and 20, the slits 11 are provided on all four side surfaces of the vertical hydroponic cultivation cylinder 1, and the water retention sheet 21 is provided in a cross shape. Thus, plant seedlings or seeds 6 can be planted on all four surfaces of the vertical hydroponic cultivation cylinder 1.
In this case, as shown in FIG. 21, the breathable materials 22 and 23 are folded in two with the lower end as the center, and the cross-shaped water retaining sheet 21 is sandwiched between the breathable materials 22 and 23.
In this Example 13, as described above, one or more vertical slits 11 or a plurality of openings for planting seedlings or seeds 6 of plants in at least two directions of the vertical hydroponic cultivation cylinder 1 are provided. By providing, the number of plant seedlings that can be cultivated in each vertical hydroponic cultivation cylinder 1 and, in turn, the production yield of plants can be greatly increased.

  Although the present embodiment has been described above, the present invention is not limited to the above-described embodiment, and design changes and the like within a scope not departing from the gist of the present invention are included in the present invention.

  For example, in the embodiment, the example in which the vertical hydroponic cultivation cylinder 1 is provided in a state of being hung from the ceiling of the house is shown, but it may be provided in a state of being erected on the floor surface.

  In the embodiment, the vertical slit 11 for planting seedlings or seeds 6 of the plant is provided on one side of the vertical hydroponic cultivation cylinder 1, but a plurality of slits or openings are provided in the vertical direction. May be.

  In addition to sunlight, artificial light such as LEDs can be used as the light source of the vertical hydroponics system or method. When using artificial light, for example, an artificial light device such as an LED is provided on the side surface of the slit 11 of the vertical hydroponics cylinder 1.

Moreover, although the example which planted a seedling or a seed was shown in the Example, you may make it plant a plant seedling with the culture medium at the time of cultivating with seeding equipment separately attached. When this method is used, for example, seeding is carried out in a urethane medium, and the trouble of root washing can be saved by sandwiching the medium while leaving the medium around each seedling. Moreover, it becomes possible to cultivate without failing the plant species that are damaged when roots are thin and are damaged.
Moreover, since water and oxygen can be reliably supplied to the plant with a small amount of nutrient solution, the plant may be planted in the state of cuttings that have not yet rooted. By using this method, seedlings can be grown in a short period of time for plant species that are slow to grow after sowing.

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Vertical hydroponics cylinder 11 Slit 2 Medium 21 Water retention sheet 21a Folded water retention sheet 21b Inclined member 22 Breathable material 23 Breathable material 3 Nutrient solution storage tank 4 Nutrient solution supply means 4a Nutrient solution supply pipe 4b Nutrient solution Drip port 4c Cock 4d Drip tube 41 Nutrient solution supply pump 42 Flow rate adjusting means 42a Electric valve 42b Nutrient solution supply amount control means 42c Manual valve 5 Nutrient solution collection means 51 Drain pan 52 Nutrient solution collection circulation pump 6 Plant seedling or seed 7 Nutrition Liquid 8 Fixing means 8a Hanging pipe 8b Hanging member 9 Moisture sensor 9a Moisture meter 9b Drain pan 9c Water retention material 10 Thermal heater

  The present invention relates to a vertical hydroponic cultivation system and a vertical hydroponic cultivation method.

Conventionally, as a vertical hydroponics system, the thing of patent documents 1 and 2 is known.
The vertical hydroponic cultivation system of Patent Document 1 includes a plurality of hollow hydroponic cultivation towers (vertical hydroponic cultivation cylinders) and irrigation means for supplying a nutrient solution to the medium material in the hollow hydroponic cultivation tower (nutrient supply) Means).
Moreover, the said hollow hydroponics tower is a structure provided with the groove part (vertical direction slit or opening part) for planting the seedling of a plant in the one side | surface with the square cross section.
In addition, a medium material selected from granular medium, styrofoam, polyurethane foam, plastic mesh, rock wool, coconut fiber, wicking strip, cultivation bag and vermiculite is inserted into the hollow hydroponics tower. (See Patent Document 1).
In the vertical hydroponic cultivation system of Patent Document 2, a hollow tube filled with a medium such as a nonwoven fabric is provided in a storage tank filled with a nutrient solution. It has a structure in which a nutrient solution is supplied to a medium in which plants are planted by standing upright and ejecting air from a lower end portion of a liquid feeding tube installed in a hollow tube (see Patent Document 2).

Special table 2017-538405 gazette Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 11-46606

However, in the state in which one type of medium is accommodated in the vertical hydroponic cultivation cylinder as in the conventional vertical hydroponic cultivation system, water and air compete for the empty wall in the medium. Successful cultivation is not easy, for example, the ratio of the gas phase becomes lower depending on the amount of liquid, causing root rot, and the use is limited only to those having a good balance between the water phase and the gas phase.
That is, if the medium has high water retention and low air permeability (the gas phase ratio in the medium is too low), root rot occurs, and conversely, the air permeability is high and the water retention is low (the liquid phase ratio in the medium is too low). ) And a large amount of nutrient solution supply in order not to wither the seedling, and the capacity of the pump used to supply or circulate the nutrient solution is large, which increases the equipment cost and running cost. was there.
Conversely, if the water retention is high and the air permeability is low (the liquid phase ratio in the medium is too high), root rot occurs. Or in order to avoid air shortage, the complicated apparatus like patent document 2 was needed, and there existed a trouble that an installation expense became expensive and operation became inconvenient. Moreover, even if a medium (for example, rock wool) having a good balance between the water phase and the gas phase is selected, the medium filled in the cultivation cylinder contains water, which increases the weight of the entire cultivation cylinder, and the workability is poor. There was a problem.

  The problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a vertical hydroponic cultivation system and a vertical hydroponic cultivation method that can prevent root rot of cultivated plants and can efficiently cultivate plants by supplying a small amount of nutrient solution. There is to do.

In order to solve the above-mentioned problems, the vertical hydroponic cultivation system according to claim 1 can be inserted into and removed from a vertical hydroponic cultivation cylinder suspended from the ceiling of a house or erected on the floor, and a vertical hydroponic cultivation cylinder. A vertical hydroponic cultivation system comprising: the medium contained in the medium; and the nutrient solution supply means for supplying the nutrient solution to the medium from the nutrient solution storage tank,
The vertical hydroponics tube comprises one or more vertical slits or a plurality of openings for planting plant seedlings or seeds in at least one direction thereof,
The medium is composed of a water-retaining sheet and a breathable material sandwiching at least both sides thereof,
It is configured to drop the nutrient solution from the nutrient solution supply means onto the water retention sheet,
It is characterized by comprising fixing means for fixing the nourishing liquid drop outlet of the nutrient solution supply means so as to be positioned directly above the water retention sheet.

The vertical hydroponic cultivation system according to claim 2 is a vertical hydroponic cultivation cylinder suspended from the ceiling of the house or standing on the floor, and a medium accommodated in the vertical hydroponic cultivation cylinder so as to be removable. A nutrient solution supply means for supplying nutrient solution to the culture medium from the nutrient solution storage tank, and a vertical hydroponics system comprising:
The vertical hydroponics tube comprises one or more vertical slits or a plurality of openings for planting plant seedlings or seeds in at least one direction thereof,
The medium is composed of a water-retaining sheet and a breathable material sandwiching at least both sides thereof,
It is configured to drop the nutrient solution from the nutrient solution supply means onto the water retention sheet,
The nutrient liquid drop outlet of the nutrient solution supply means touches the water retention sheet.

The vertical hydroponic cultivation system according to claim 3 is a vertical hydroponic cultivation tube suspended on the ceiling of the house or erected on the floor, and a medium accommodated in the vertical hydroponic cultivation tube so as to be removable. A nutrient solution supply means for supplying nutrient solution to the culture medium from the nutrient solution storage tank, and a vertical hydroponics system comprising:
The vertical hydroponics tube comprises one or more vertical slits or a plurality of openings for planting plant seedlings or seeds in at least one direction thereof,
The medium is composed of a water-retaining sheet and a breathable material sandwiching at least both sides thereof,
It is configured to drop the nutrient solution from the nutrient solution supply means onto the water retention sheet,
The nutrient solution lowering port of the nutrient solution supply means is sandwiched between the water retention sheet and the upper end of one breathable material.

The vertical hydroponic cultivation system according to claim 4 is a vertical hydroponic cultivation cylinder suspended from the ceiling of the house or erected on the floor, and a medium accommodated in the vertical hydroponic cultivation cylinder so as to be removable. A nutrient solution supply means for supplying nutrient solution to the culture medium from the nutrient solution storage tank, and a vertical hydroponics system comprising:
The vertical hydroponics tube comprises one or more vertical slits or a plurality of openings for planting plant seedlings or seeds in at least one direction thereof,
The medium is composed of a water-retaining sheet and a breathable material sandwiching at least both sides thereof,
It is configured to drop the nutrient solution from the nutrient solution supply means onto the water retention sheet,
The water-retaining sheet has a thickness of 2 mm or more.

The vertical hydroponic cultivation system according to claim 5 is a vertical hydroponic cultivation cylinder suspended from the ceiling of the house or erected on the floor, and a medium accommodated in the vertical hydroponic cultivation cylinder so as to be removable. A nutrient solution supply means for supplying nutrient solution to the culture medium from the nutrient solution storage tank, and a vertical hydroponics system comprising:
The vertical hydroponic cylinder is provided with one or more vertical slits or a plurality of openings for planting seedlings or seeds of plants in at least two directions.
The medium is composed of a water-retaining sheet and a breathable material sandwiching at least both sides thereof,
It is comprised so that a nutrient solution may be dripped at a water retention sheet | seat from the said nutrient solution supply means.

The vertical hydroponic cultivation system according to claim 6 is a vertical hydroponic cultivation cylinder suspended from the ceiling of the house or erected on the floor, and a medium accommodated in the vertical hydroponic cultivation cylinder so as to be removable. A nutrient solution supply means for supplying nutrient solution to the culture medium from the nutrient solution storage tank, and a vertical hydroponics system comprising:
The vertical hydroponic cylinder is provided with one or more vertical slits for planting seedlings or seeds of plants in at least two directions.
The medium is composed of a water-retaining sheet and a breathable material sandwiching at least both sides thereof,
It is comprised so that a nutrient solution may be dripped at a water retention sheet | seat from the said nutrient solution supply means.

The vertical hydroponic cultivation system according to claim 7 is the vertical hydroponic cultivation system according to claims 5 and 6,
It is characterized by comprising fixing means for fixing the nourishing liquid drop outlet of the nutrient solution supply means so as to be positioned directly above the water retention sheet.

The vertical hydroponic cultivation system according to claim 8 is the vertical hydroponic cultivation system according to any one of claims 5 to 7,
The nutrient liquid drop outlet of the nutrient solution supply means touches the water retention sheet.

The vertical hydroponic cultivation system according to claim 9 is the vertical hydroponic cultivation system according to any one of claims 5 to 8,
The nutrient solution lowering port of the nutrient solution supply means is sandwiched between the water retention sheet and the upper end of one breathable material.

The vertical hydroponic cultivation system according to claim 10 is the vertical hydroponic cultivation system according to any one of claims 5 to 9,
The water-retaining sheet has a thickness of 2 mm or more.

The vertical hydroponic cultivation system according to claim 11 is the vertical hydroponic cultivation system according to any one of claims 1 to 10,
The upper end of the water-retaining sheet protrudes from the upper surfaces of the air permeable materials.

The vertical hydroponic cultivation system according to claim 12 is the vertical hydroponic cultivation system according to claim 11,
The upper end portion of the water-retaining sheet protruding from the upper end of the breathable material is folded and placed on the upper surface of at least one of the breathable materials.

The vertical hydroponic cultivation system according to claim 13 is the vertical hydroponic cultivation system according to claim 12,
The folded water-retaining sheet is characterized in that the thickness of the folded water-retaining sheet becomes thicker toward the tip, and the upper surface thereof is formed in an inclined shape that becomes higher as it goes outward with the water-retaining sheet as the center.

The vertical hydroponic cultivation system according to claim 14 is the vertical hydroponic cultivation system according to claim 12,
It is characterized in that an inclined member having an inclined upper surface that becomes higher toward the outside centering on the water retaining sheet is provided on the upper surface of the breathable material on the side of the water retaining sheet that is folded at least.

The vertical hydroponic cultivation system according to claim 15 is the vertical hydroponic cultivation system according to claim 12,
The upper surface of the folded breathable material on the water-retaining sheet side is formed in an inclined shape that becomes higher as it goes outward with the water-retaining sheet as the center.

The vertical hydroponic cultivation system according to claim 16 is the vertical hydroponic cultivation system according to any one of claims 1 to 15,
Collecting nutrient solution dripped from the bottom of the vertical hydroponics tube, equipped with nutrient solution collection means for collecting in the nutrient solution storage tank,
The nutrient solution recovery means includes a drain pan that recovers the nutrient solution dropped from the lower part of the vertical hydroponic cultivation cylinder, and is configured to circulate the nutrient solution recovered in the drain pan to the nutrient solution storage tank. And

The vertical hydroponic cultivation system according to claim 17 is the vertical hydroponic cultivation system according to any one of claims 1 to 16,
The nutrient solution supply means includes a flow rate adjusting means for adjusting a nutrient solution supply amount to the water retention sheet, and is configured to drop the nutrient solution from the flow rate adjustment means onto the water retention sheet.
A water content sensor is provided at the lower end of the water retention sheet.

The vertical hydroponic cultivation system according to claim 18 is the vertical hydroponic cultivation system according to claim 17,
The flow rate adjusting means is composed of nutrient solution supply amount control means for controlling the water retention amount at the lower end portion of the water retention sheet by automatically controlling the electric valve with a signal from the electric valve and the moisture amount sensor. Features.

The vertical hydroponic cultivation system according to claim 19 is the vertical hydroponic cultivation system according to claim 17,
The vertical hydroponics system, wherein the flow rate adjusting means is a manual valve.

The vertical hydroponic cultivation system according to claim 20 is the vertical hydroponic cultivation system according to any one of claims 1 to 19,
A thermal heater is provided in contact with the water retention sheet.

The vertical hydroponic cultivation method according to claim 21 is a vertical hydroponic cultivation tube suspended on the ceiling of the house or erected on the floor, and a medium accommodated in the vertical hydroponic cultivation tube so as to be removable. A nutrient solution supply means for supplying nutrient solution to the culture medium from the nutrient solution storage tank,
The vertical hydroponics tube comprises one or more vertical slits or a plurality of openings for planting plant seedlings or seeds in at least one direction thereof,
The medium is composed of a water retention sheet and a breathable material sandwiching at least both sides thereof,
Growing a seedling or seed of a plant with the nutrient solution supplied to the water retention sheet by dripping the nutrient solution onto the water retention sheet from the nutrient solution supply means,
It is characterized by comprising a fixing means for fixing so that the nutrient solution lower end of the nutrient solution supply means is located directly above the water retention sheet.

The vertical hydroponic cultivation method according to claim 22 is a vertical hydroponic cultivation tube suspended on a ceiling of a house or erected on a floor surface, and a medium accommodated in a vertical hydroponic cultivation tube so as to be removable. A nutrient solution supply means for supplying nutrient solution to the culture medium from the nutrient solution storage tank,
The vertical hydroponics tube comprises one or more vertical slits or a plurality of openings for planting plant seedlings or seeds in at least one direction thereof,
The medium is composed of a water retention sheet and a breathable material sandwiching at least both sides thereof,
Growing a seedling or seed of a plant with the nutrient solution supplied to the water retention sheet by dripping the nutrient solution onto the water retention sheet from the nutrient solution supply means,
The nutrient solution lowering port of the nutrient solution supply means is brought into contact with the water retention sheet.

The vertical hydroponic cultivation method according to claim 23 is a vertical hydroponic cultivation tube suspended on the ceiling of the house or erected on the floor, and a medium accommodated in the vertical hydroponic cultivation tube so as to be removable. A nutrient solution supply means for supplying nutrient solution to the culture medium from the nutrient solution storage tank,
The vertical hydroponics tube comprises one or more vertical slits or a plurality of openings for planting plant seedlings or seeds in at least one direction thereof,
The medium is composed of a water retention sheet and a breathable material sandwiching at least both sides thereof,
Growing a seedling or seed of a plant with the nutrient solution supplied to the water retention sheet by dripping the nutrient solution onto the water retention sheet from the nutrient solution supply means,
The nutrient liquid drop lower port of the nutrient solution supply means is in a state of being sandwiched between the water retention sheet and the upper end portion of one breathable material.

The vertical hydroponic cultivation method according to claim 24 is a vertical hydroponic cultivation tube suspended on a ceiling of a house or erected on a floor surface, and a medium accommodated in a vertical hydroponic cultivation tube so as to be removable. A nutrient solution supply means for supplying nutrient solution to the culture medium from the nutrient solution storage tank,
The vertical hydroponics tube comprises one or more vertical slits or a plurality of openings for planting plant seedlings or seeds in at least one direction thereof,
The medium is composed of a water retention sheet and a breathable material sandwiching at least both sides thereof,
Growing a seedling or seed of a plant with the nutrient solution supplied to the water retention sheet by dripping the nutrient solution onto the water retention sheet from the nutrient solution supply means,
The water-retaining sheet has a thickness of 2 mm or more.

The vertical hydroponic cultivation method according to claim 25 is a vertical hydroponic cultivation tube suspended on the ceiling of the house or erected on the floor, and a medium accommodated in the vertical hydroponic cultivation tube so as to be removable. A nutrient solution supply means for supplying nutrient solution to the culture medium from the nutrient solution storage tank, and a vertical hydroponics method comprising:
The vertical hydroponic cylinder is provided with one or more vertical slits or a plurality of openings for planting seedlings or seeds of plants in at least two directions.
The medium is composed of a water retention sheet and a breathable material sandwiching at least both sides thereof,
Plant seedlings or seeds are grown with the nutrient solution supplied to the water retention sheet by dropping the nutrient solution onto the water retention sheet from the nutrient solution supply means.

The vertical hydroponic cultivation method according to claim 26 is a vertical hydroponic cultivation tube suspended on the ceiling of the house or erected on the floor, and a medium accommodated in the vertical hydroponic cultivation tube so as to be removable. A nutrient solution supply means for supplying nutrient solution to the culture medium from the nutrient solution storage tank, and a vertical hydroponics method comprising:
The vertical hydroponic cylinder is provided with one or more vertical slits for planting seedlings or seeds of plants in at least two directions.
The medium is composed of a water retention sheet and a breathable material sandwiching at least both sides thereof,
Plant seedlings or seeds are grown with the nutrient solution supplied to the water retention sheet by dropping the nutrient solution onto the water retention sheet from the nutrient solution supply means.

The vertical hydroponic cultivation method according to claim 27 is the vertical hydroponic cultivation method according to claim 25 or 26,
It is characterized by comprising a fixing means for fixing so that the nutrient solution lower end of the nutrient solution supply means is located directly above the water retention sheet.

The vertical hydroponics method according to claim 28 is the vertical hydroponics method according to any one of claims 25 to 27,
The nutrient solution lowering port of the nutrient solution supply means is brought into contact with the water retention sheet.

The vertical hydroponics method according to claim 29 is the vertical hydroponics method according to any one of claims 25 to 28,
The nutrient liquid drop lower port of the nutrient solution supply means is in a state of being sandwiched between the water retention sheet and the upper end portion of one breathable material.

The vertical hydroponic cultivation method according to claim 30, in the vertical hydroponic cultivation method according to any one of claims 25 to 29,
The thickness of the water retention sheet is 2 mm or more.

The vertical hydroponic cultivation method according to claim 31 is the vertical hydroponic cultivation method according to any one of claims 21 to 30,
The upper end of the water-retaining sheet protrudes from the upper surfaces of the air-permeable materials.

The vertical hydroponics method according to claim 32 is the vertical hydroponics method according to claim 31,
The upper end portion of the water retaining sheet protruding from the upper end of the breathable material is folded and placed on the upper surface of at least one breathable material,
The nutrient solution is dropped from the nutrient solution supply means onto a water-retaining sheet on which the nutrient solution is folded and placed.

The vertical hydroponics method according to claim 33 is the vertical hydroponics method according to claim 32,
The folded water-retaining sheet is formed so as to increase in thickness as it goes to the tip, so that the upper surface of the folded water-retaining sheet is formed in an inclined shape that becomes higher toward the outside with the water-retaining sheet as the center.

The vertical hydroponics method according to claim 34 is the vertical hydroponics method according to claim 32,
The upper surface of the breathable material on the side of the water-retaining sheet folded at least is provided with an inclined member having an inclined upper surface that becomes higher as it goes outward with the water-retaining sheet as a center.

The vertical hydroponics method according to claim 35 is the vertical hydroponics method according to claim 32,
The upper surface of the bent breathable material on the water-retaining sheet side is formed in an inclined shape that becomes higher as it goes outward with the water-retaining sheet as the center.

The vertical hydroponics method according to claim 36, in the vertical hydroponics method according to any one of claims 21 to 35,
Collecting nutrient solution dripped from the bottom of the vertical hydroponics tube, equipped with nutrient solution collection means for collecting in the nutrient solution storage tank,
The nutrient solution recovery means includes a drain pan that recovers the nutrient solution dropped from the lower part of the vertical hydroponic cultivation cylinder, and is configured to circulate the nutrient solution recovered in the drain pan to the nutrient solution storage tank. And

The vertical hydroponic cultivation method according to claim 37 is the vertical hydroponic cultivation method according to any one of claims 21 to 36,
The nutrient solution supply means includes a flow rate adjusting means for adjusting a nutrient solution supply amount to the water retention sheet, and is configured to drop the nutrient solution from the flow rate adjustment means onto the water retention sheet.
A water content sensor is provided at the lower end of the water retention sheet.

The vertical hydroponics method according to claim 38 is the vertical hydroponics method according to claim 37,
The flow rate adjusting means comprises a nutrient solution supply amount control means for controlling the water retention amount at the lower end portion of the water retention sheet by automatically controlling the electric valve with a signal from the electric valve and the moisture amount sensor. To do.

The vertical hydroponics method according to claim 39 is the vertical hydroponics method according to claim 37,
The flow rate adjusting means is constituted by a manual valve.

The vertical hydroponics method according to claim 40, in the vertical hydroponics method according to any one of claims 21 to 39,
A thermal heater is provided in contact with the water retention sheet.

In the vertical hydroponic cultivation system of the present invention, as described above, a medium that is detachably accommodated in a vertical hydroponic cultivation cylinder, a water retention sheet for planting plant seedlings or seeds, and an aeration sandwiching both sides thereof Water and oxygen is supplied to the roots of plant seedlings sandwiched between the water retention sheet and the breathable material. Therefore, it is possible to prevent cultivated plants from withering and root rot.
In addition, the medium has a two-part structure consisting of a water-retaining sheet and a breathable material. Any material that is excellent and inexpensive or can be easily supplied can be used widely, and the range of selection of materials can be expanded.
In addition, by selecting a material that is light in weight or hard to break, performance such as ease of use can be improved.

  Moreover, in each vertical type hydroponic cultivation pipe by providing one or more vertical slits or a plurality of openings for planting seedlings or seeds of plants in at least two directions of the vertical type hydroponic cultivation pipe The number of plant seedlings that can be cultivated, and therefore the production yield of plants, can be greatly increased.

In addition, by providing a fixing means for fixing the nutrient solution lowering port of the nutrient solution supply means so that it is located directly above the water retention sheet, the nutrient solution can be added to the water retention sheet without leaking in the direction of the breathable material. It can be dripped reliably.
As a result, the plant can be cultivated with the minimum amount of nutrient drops.

In addition, by making the nutrient solution lower end of the nutrient solution supply means touch the upper end of the water retention sheet, the nutrient solution can be reliably dropped onto the water retention sheet without leaking in the direction of the breathable material. it can.
As a result, the plant can be cultivated with the minimum amount of nutrient drops.

Moreover, the nutrient solution lowering port of the nutrient solution supply means is sandwiched between the water retaining sheet and the upper end of one of the air-permeable materials, so that the nutrient solution can be reliably dropped onto the water retaining sheet.
As a result, the plant can be cultivated with the minimum amount of nutrient drops.

Moreover, a nutrient solution can be dripped more reliably at a water retention sheet | seat by setting the thickness of a water retention sheet | seat to 2 mm or more.
As a result, the plant can be cultivated with the minimum amount of nutrient drops.

Moreover, since the upper end of a water retention sheet | seat protrudes from the upper surface of both air permeable materials, since distance with a dripping port can be made close, a nutrient solution can be dripped more reliably to a water retention sheet | seat.
As a result, the plant can be cultivated with the minimum amount of nutrient drops.

  In addition, the upper end of the water retaining sheet that protrudes from the upper end of the breathable material is folded and placed on the upper surface of at least one of the breathable materials, so that the water retaining sheet is no longer simply sandwiched between the breathable materials. The nutrient solution can be effectively collected on the water retaining sheet without losing a part of the solution to the breathable material side. Even if the position is slightly shifted to the left or right, the plant can be reliably cultivated with a small amount of nutrient solution.

  In addition, the folded water-retaining sheet was folded by forming an inclined shape in which the upper surface becomes higher with the water-retaining sheet as the center increases as the thickness increases toward the tip. Leakage of nutrient solution dropped on the water retention sheet to the breathable material direction is prevented by preventing the nutrient solution dripped on the water retention sheet from jumping to the outside and shortening the time remaining on the upper surface compared to the case where there is no inclination. However, evaporation on the upper surface and the upper surface can be suppressed and the nutrient solution can be used efficiently.

  Further, the upper surface of the folded water-retaining sheet is provided with an inclined member having an inclined upper surface that becomes higher toward the outside centering on the water-retaining sheet on the upper surface of the breathable material on the side of the folded water-retaining sheet. Prevents the nutrient solution dripped onto the inclined surface from jumping to the outside and prevents the nutrient solution dropped on the water-holding sheet from leaking to the breathable material and evaporating more efficiently. The liquid can be utilized.

  In addition, the upper surface of the breathable material on the side of the folded water retaining sheet is formed in an inclined shape that becomes higher as it goes outward with the water retaining sheet as the center, so that the upper surface of the folded water retaining sheet becomes an inclined surface, In addition to preventing the nutrient solution dripped onto the inclined surface from jumping to the outside, the nutrient solution dripped onto the water retaining sheet is prevented from leaking to the breathable material and evaporating to more efficiently utilize the nutrient solution. Will be able to.

Moreover, the nutrient solution dripping from the lower part of the vertical hydroponics tube is collected, and equipped with a nutrient solution collecting means for collecting in the nutrient solution storage tank,
The nutrient solution collecting means includes a drain pan that collects the nutrient solution dropped from the lower part of the vertical hydroponic cultivation cylinder, and is configured to circulate the nutrient solution collected in the drain pan to the nutrient solution storage tank. The nutrient solution can be used efficiently, and the cost of the nutrient solution can be reduced. In addition, there is little impact on the environment due to disposal of nutrient solution.

  Further, the nutrient solution supply means is provided with a flow rate adjusting means for adjusting the supply amount of the nutrient solution to the water retention sheet, and is configured to drop the nutrient solution from the flow rate adjustment means onto the water retention sheet. Adjust the water content at the lower end of the water-holding sheet so that it does not exceed the saturation level by installing a moisture sensor in the unit, and do not install a nutrient solution recovery / circulation device or install a simple object such as a tray. Is also possible. Alternatively, a system in which a very small amount of nutrient solution exceeding a small amount is circulated can be used.

Moreover, by providing the electric valve and the nutrient solution supply amount control unit as the flow rate adjusting unit, the electric valve can be automatically controlled and the nutrient solution amount can be automatically adjusted to an appropriate amount.
Thereby, including the remote operation from the outside of the cultivation house, it is possible to automatically adjust the amount of nutrient solution without being delayed due to sudden changes in weather and temperature.

  Further, by using a manual valve as the flow rate adjusting means, it is possible to manually adjust the amount of nutrient solution to an appropriate amount without particularly incurring equipment costs.

  In addition, by providing a thermal heater in contact with the water retention sheet, the temperature around the fine roots of the plants in contact with the water retention sheet can be maintained at an appropriate temperature even in winter, thereby promoting the development of fine roots and feeding. An effect is obtained in that the liquid absorption rate can be greatly improved and the yield can be improved.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS It is whole explanatory drawing which shows the vertical hydroponic cultivation system of Example 1. FIG. FIG. 2 is an enlarged cross-sectional view taken along line AA in FIG. 1. FIG. 3 is an enlarged front view showing a main part of the culture medium of Example 1. It is a principal part expansion vertical front view which shows the vertical hydroponic cultivation system of Example 1. FIG. It is a principal part expansion vertical front view which shows the vertical hydroponic cultivation system of Example 2. FIG. It is a principal part expansion vertical front view which shows the vertical hydroponic cultivation system of Example 3. FIG. It is a principal part expansion vertical front view which shows the vertical hydroponic cultivation system of Example 4. FIG. It is a principal part expansion vertical front view which shows the vertical hydroponic cultivation system of Example 5. FIG. It is a principal part expansion vertical front view which shows the vertical hydroponic cultivation system of Example 6. FIG. It is a principal part expansion vertical front view which shows the vertical hydroponic cultivation system of Example 7. FIG. It is a principal part expansion vertical front view which shows the vertical hydroponic cultivation system of Example 8. FIG. FIG. 10 is a perspective view showing an inclined member of Example 8. It is a principal part expansion vertical front view which shows the vertical hydroponic cultivation system of Example 9. FIG. It is a whole explanatory view showing the vertical hydroponics system of Example 10. It is a whole explanatory view showing the vertical hydroponics system of Example 11. It is a principal part expansion vertical front view which shows the vertical hydroponic cultivation system of Example 12. FIG. It is a perspective view which shows the vertical hydroponic cylinder of Example 1 of Example 13. FIG. It is an expansion cross-sectional view which shows the vertical hydroponic apparatus of Example 1 of Example 13. It is a perspective view which shows the vertical hydroponic cylinder of Example 2 of Example 13. FIG. It is an expanded cross-sectional view which shows the vertical hydroponic apparatus of Example 2 of Example 13. It is a perspective view which shows the air permeable material of Example 2 of Example 13. FIG.

  Embodiments of the present invention will be described below with reference to the drawings.

First, the vertical hydroponics system of Example 1 will be described with reference to the drawings.
As shown in FIGS. 1 to 4, the vertical hydroponic cultivation system of Example 1 includes a vertical hydroponic cultivation cylinder 1, a culture medium 2, a nutrient solution storage tank 3, a nutrient solution supply means 4, and a nutrient solution. The liquid collection means 5, the plant seedling or seed 6, and the nutrient solution 7 are provided as main components.

More specifically, the vertical hydroponic cultivation cylinder 1 is a cylinder having a square cross section in the first embodiment, and includes a vertical slit 11 for planting seedlings or seeds 6 of a plant on one side surface thereof, and a house. It is provided in the state suspended from the suspension pipe (wire or string) 8b on the suspension pipe 8a provided along the ceiling.
In addition, as the vertical hydroponics cylinder 1, it can create by opening the slit 11 or the some opening part in the shape which is easy to shape | mold, such as a cross-sectional square and a circle. Alternatively, it is also possible to utilize an existing product such as BrightAgrotech's ZIPGROW (trademark).

  The culture medium 2 is composed of a water retention sheet 21 and breathable materials 22 and 23 sandwiching both surfaces thereof, and is inserted and accommodated in the vertical hydroponics cylinder 1 so as to be inserted and removed.

The nutrient solution supply means 4 includes a nutrient solution supply pump 41 and drops the nutrient solution 7 from the nutrient solution storage tank 3 to the upper end portion of the water retention sheet 21 through the nutrient solution supply pipe 4a.
The dropping rate of the nutrient solution 7 is preferably 0.05 g / second to 100 g / second. Particularly preferred is 0.1 g / second to 50 g / second.
If it is less than 0.05 g / sec, even if the nutrient solution 7 is dropped on the water retention sheet 21, the water retention sheet 21 is dried by evaporation, and a sufficient amount of the nutrient solution 7 is not supplied to the roots of the plant.
On the other hand, when the value is larger than 100 g / sec, the nutrient solution 7 that cannot be held in the water-holding sheet 21 flows out onto the plant surface and wets the floor. Further, when the outflow of the liquid through the plant continues for a long time, the whole amount of the circulating nutrient solution is consumed, and the supplied nutrient solution 7 is depleted and the plant is withered.
In addition, when the nutrient solution 7 pumped up by one pump is circulated and used in the vertical hydroponic culture facility, one vertical hydroponic culture cylinder 1 increases as the number of the vertical hydroponic culture cylinders 1 increases. The dripping speed that can be distributed to the area must be small.
Therefore, when the dropping speed is set to be small, plants can be cultivated in a large number of cultivation cylinders without using a high output and expensive pump.

  The nutrient solution recovery means 5 includes a drain pan 51 that receives the nutrient solution 7 dropped from the lower end of the water retention sheet 21 and a nutrient solution recovery circulation pump 52, and the nutrient solution 7 collected in the drain pan 51 is recovered and circulated. The pump 52 collects and circulates it in the nutrient solution storage tank 3.

The thickness of the water retaining sheet 21 is desirably 2 mm or more.
That is, the larger the thickness, the more reliably the dripping nutrient solution 7 can be dripped onto the water retention sheet 21.
The water retention sheet 21 is not necessarily a single sheet, and a plurality of sheets may be used in a stacked manner.
For example, two or more sheets having a thickness of 1 mm may be stacked and sandwiched between the breathable materials 22 and 23.
The upper limit of the thickness is desirably up to 80%, more preferably up to 70% of the thickness of the vertical hydroponic cultivation cylinder 1. When it becomes thicker than that, it will become heavy because there are too many nutrient solutions 7, and workability | operativity will become worse.

Next, operations and effects of the first embodiment will be described.
Since the vertical hydroponic cultivation system of Example 1 is configured as described above, a plurality of plants are provided between the water-retaining sheet 21 and the breathable material 22 or 23 as shown in FIGS. When the culture medium 2 is inserted into the vertical hydroponics cylinder 1 with the seedlings or seeds 6 sandwiched between them, and the nutrient solution 7 is dropped onto the upper end of the water retention sheet 21 by the nutrient solution supply pump 41, the seedlings Alternatively, the seed 6 grows by absorbing the nutrient solution 7 from the water retention sheet 21.
In the vertical hydroponics system of Example 1, as described above, the medium 2 that is detachably accommodated in the vertical hydroponics cylinder 1 is a water retention sheet 21 for planting plant seedlings or seeds 6; It is composed of breathable materials 22 and 23 sandwiched between both surfaces, and the nutrient solution 7 is dropped on the upper end of the water retaining sheet 21, so that the water retaining sheet 21 and the breathable materials 22 and 23 are placed between them. Since water and oxygen are surely supplied to the roots of the plant seedlings or seeds 6 sandwiched, the cultivated plants can be prevented from withering and root rot.
In addition, the medium 2 has a water retention sheet 21 and a breathable material 22, 23, and by sharing the roles, the water retention is low but the breathability is excellent and inexpensive, and the easy to supply / breathability is If it is low but excellent in water retention, inexpensive and easy to supply, it can be widely used and the range of materials can be selected.
In addition, by selecting a material that is light in weight or hard to break, performance such as ease of use can be improved.

Moreover, the nutrient solution 7 can be dripped more reliably to the water retention sheet 21 by setting the thickness of the water retention sheet 21 to 2 mm or more.
As a result, the plant can be cultivated with the minimum amount of nutrient drops.

  Moreover, the nutrient solution recovery means 5 which collects the nutrient solution 7 dripped from the lower part of the vertical hydroponic cultivation cylinder 1 and collects it in the nutrient solution storage tank 3 is provided, and the nutrient solution recovery means 5 is a vertical hydroponic cultivation cylinder. 1 is provided with a drain pan 51 that collects the nutrient solution 7 dripped from the lower part of 1, and is configured to circulate the nutrient solution 7 collected in the drain pan 51 to the nutrient solution storage tank 3. Can be utilized, and the cost for the nutrient solution 7 can be reduced. Moreover, there is little impact on the environment by discarding the nutrient solution 7.

  Next, another embodiment will be described. In the description of the other embodiments, the same components as those of the first embodiment are not shown, or the same reference numerals are given and the description thereof is omitted, and only the differences are described.

As shown in FIG. 5, the vertical hydroponic cultivation system of Example 2 has a nutrient liquid drop outlet 4 b at the lower end connected to the nutrient solution supply pipe 4 a in the nutrient solution supply means 4. The point which is provided with the fixing means 8 for fixing so that it may be located on the top differs from the said Example 1. FIG.
In the second embodiment, the fixing means 8 has a structure for fixing the solution supply pipe 4a to the suspension member (wire or string) 8b. In addition, the structure of this fixing means 8 is arbitrary, for example, it is arbitrary, such as fixing the dripping tube 4d directly to the vertical hydroponic cultivation cylinder 1.
According to the second embodiment, by including the fixing unit 8 that fixes the nutrient solution lower end 4b at the lower end of the nutrient solution supply pipe 4a in the nutrient solution supply unit 4 so as to be positioned directly above the water retention sheet 21, The nutrient solution 7 can be effectively collected without loss to the water-retaining sheet 21 reliably.
Accordingly, it is possible to use a pump having a small capacity as a pump used for supplying or circulating the nutrient solution 7, thereby reducing facility costs and running costs.

As shown in FIG. 6, the vertical hydroponic cultivation system according to the third embodiment has the above-described first embodiment in that the nourishment droplet lower port 4 b of the nutrient solution supply unit 4 is in contact with the upper end portion of the water retention sheet 21. 2 is different.
In the third embodiment, as described above, the nutrient solution lower port 4b of the nutrient solution supply means 4 is in contact with the upper end portion of the water retention sheet 21, so that the nutrient solution 7 is directed in the direction of the breathable materials 22 and 23. Without being leaked, the water retaining sheet 21 can be reliably dropped.
As a result, the plant can be cultivated with the minimum amount of nutrient drops.

In the vertical hydroponics system of Example 4, as shown in FIG. 7, the nourishment liquid drop lower port 4 b of the nourishment liquid supply means 4 is sandwiched between the water retaining sheet 21 and the upper end of one air-permeable material 22. This is different from the first to third embodiments.
In Example 4, as described above, the nutrient liquid lower port 4b of the nutrient solution supply means 4 is sandwiched between the water retention sheet 21 and the air-permeable material 22, so that the nutrient solution is reliably supplied to the water retention sheet 21. Can be supplied to.
As a result, the plant can be cultivated with the minimum amount of nutrient drops.

As shown in FIG. 8, the vertical hydroponic cultivation system of Example 5 has the above Examples 1 to 4 in that the upper end of the water retention sheet 21 protrudes from the upper surfaces of the air-permeable materials 22 and 23. Is different.
In this Example 5, as described above, the nutrient solution 7 is directed in the direction of the breathable materials 22 and 23 by bringing the nutrient droplet lower port 4b of the nutrient solution supply means 4 into contact with the upper end portion of the water retention sheet 21. Without being leaked, the water retaining sheet 21 can be reliably dropped.
As a result, the plant can be cultivated with the minimum amount of nutrient drops.

As shown in FIG. 9, the vertical hydroponic cultivation system of Example 6 covers the upper surface of the water retaining sheet protruding from the upper ends of the ventilation materials 22 and 23 on the upper surface of at least one of the ventilation materials 23. It is different from the first to fifth embodiments in that it is bent and placed.
In Example 6, as described above, the water retaining sheet 21 is simply placed on the upper surface of at least one breathable material 23 by bending the upper end portion of the water retaining sheet protruding from the upper ends of the breathable materials 22 and 23. Compared to the case of just sandwiching the breathable material 22, 23, the nutrient solution 7 is not lost to the breathable material 22, 23 side, and the nutrient solution 7 is folded and placed through the water retention sheet 21a. Since it can be effectively collected on the water-retaining sheet 21, even if the position of the nourishing liquid drop is slightly shifted to the left or right using the nourishing liquid supply device having a large variation in the dropping position of the nourishing liquid 7, the amount of the nourishing liquid 7 is small. The plant can be cultivated reliably even if it is supplied.

  The water retaining sheet 21 does not necessarily have to be one continuous sheet. Even when two or more water-retaining sheets 21 are brought into contact with each other, the same effect can be obtained. For example, a breathable material can be obtained by stacking and placing a water retaining sheet of a size covering the top surface of the breathable material on a water retaining sheet 21a folded and placed on the top surface of the breathable material 23 on one side as shown in FIG. No matter where the nutrient solution 7 is dropped, the nutrient solution 7 can be guided to the vicinity of the root of the seedling of the plant without loss.

Next, cultivation comparative experimental examples of Examples 1 to 6 will be described.
1. Experimental Example 1 (Reference Example): Breathable materials 22 and 23 (material is polyethylene) having a thickness of 4.8 cm, a width of 10 cm, and a length of 150 cm are folded in half into two pieces, with a thickness of 1 mm between them. Polyester felt (water-retaining sheet 21) made by Daiso Sangyo Co., Ltd. with a width of 9 cm and a length of 70 cm is made the same as the top surface of the breathable materials 22 and 23 (the upper end of the felt is not projected upward) In this state, the sample was sandwiched in a vertical hydroponic cultivation cylinder 1 (material is polyvinyl chloride) having a square with a side of 10 cm in cross section and a slit 11 having a width of 2 cm at the center of the side.
Another piece (75 cm in length) sandwiched with the same felt as described above (75 cm in length) was prepared, and a total of 2 pieces were filled in a cultivation tube (length 150 cm).
Six vertical hydroponic cultivation cylinders 1 were prepared.
Basil seedlings were planted on these vertical hydroponic cylinders.
The seedlings are planted in a 9cm pot, and the plant height is 7-10cm. After washing the soil from the roots with tap water, there are 6 pieces with a 20cm gap between polyethylene and felt (up and down ventilation material) 3 pieces of basil seedlings were sandwiched between the two and attached to the vertical hydroponics cylinder 1.
The vertical hydroponics cylinder 1 is suspended from the ceiling and passes through the center of the slit 11 of the vertical hydroponics cylinder 1 as shown in FIG. The vertical hydroponics cylinder 1 and the nutrient solution supply pipe 4a were arranged so that the nutrient solution supply pipe 4a came on a line divided into two rectangles.
A drip tube 4d is connected to each nutrient solution supply pipe 4a via a cock 4c for opening and closing and controlling the amount of nutrient solution, so that the nutrient solution 7 can be dripped from the drip tube 4d.
Six vertical hydroponic cultivation cylinders 1 were prepared. (The dropping position is theoretically a position where the thickness of the water-retaining sheet 21 is accurately divided into two, but as shown in FIG. 4, the thickness accuracy of the breathable materials 22, 23, the dropping tube connected under the cock 4c. There was some blurring in the left-right direction due to the 4d warpage.)
2. Experimental Example 2 (Comparative Example): A vertical hydroponic cultivation cylinder 1 equipped with basil seedlings is prepared in the same manner as Experimental Example 1 except that the medium 2 is sandwiched only in polyethylene that does not contain felt.
The basil seedling basement was sandwiched between the two polyethylenes.
Two vertical hydroponics cylinders 1 were prepared.
3. Experimental Example 3: A type hydroponic cultivation cylinder 1 equipped with a basil seedling similar to that in Example 1 was prepared.
After the above-described hydroponics cylinder 1 is suspended from the ceiling, the presence or absence of blurring to the left and right is confirmed in the state where the nutrient solution 7 is dripped, and the dripping tube 4d is fixed to the suspension member 8b as shown in FIG. By doing so, the position was finely corrected.
4). Experimental Example 4: A cultivation cylinder equipped with the same basil seedling as in Example 1 was prepared.
After the vertical hydroponics cylinder 1 was suspended from the ceiling, the tip of the dropping tube 4d was brought into contact with the water retention sheet 21 as shown in FIG.
5. Experimental Example 5: A type hydroponic cultivation cylinder 1 equipped with the same basil seedling as in Example 1 was prepared.
The dripping tube 4d connected to the bottom of the cock 4c with the nutrient solution supply pipe 4a is changed to a type having a long tip, and the vertical hydroponics cylinder 1 is suspended from the ceiling and then shown in FIG. As described above, the tip of the dropping tube 4 d was sandwiched between the water retaining sheet 21 and the breathable material 22.
6). Experimental Example 6: A breathable material (material is polyethylene) with a thickness of 4.1 cm, a width of 10 cm, and a length of 150 cm is folded into two pieces in half length, and between that, the thickness is 16 mm, the width is 9 cm, and the length is 70 cm. The cut rock wool (trade name: Yasai Hana bed) of Nippon Rockwool, which was cut, was sandwiched so as to protrude 3 cm from the upper surface of the breathable materials 22 and 23, and the rest was installed with the same basil seedling as in Example 1. A type hydroponic tube 1 was prepared.
As shown in FIG. 8, the vertical hydroponics cylinder 1 was suspended from the ceiling so that the nutrient solution 7 could be dropped.
7). Experimental example 7: A ventilation material of the same size and material as in Example 1 was folded into two pieces in half length, and a polyester felt (water retention sheet) having a thickness of 1 mm, a width of 9 cm, and a length of 70 cm was sandwiched between them. The upper end 2cm of the felt protrudes from the upper end of the polyethylene, and as shown in FIG. 9, the protruding portion is bent and placed on the upper surface of the polyethylene. A cultivation cylinder 1 was prepared.
8). Experimental Example 8: A ventilation material of the same size and material as in Example 1 was folded into two pieces in half length, and a polyester felt (water retention sheet) having a thickness of 1 mm, a width of 9 cm, and a length of 70 cm was sandwiched therebetween. The vertical hydroponics cylinder 1 equipped with basil seedlings similar to Example 7 was prepared except that the upper end 1 cm of the felt was protruded from the upper end of the polyethylene and the length of the protruding portion was 1 cm instead of 2 cm.
Further, the same felt having a thickness of 1 mm was cut into a square having a width of 9 cm and a length of 9 cm, and placed on the folded upper end of the polyethylene breathable material so as to cover the 1 cm felt that had already been folded and placed.
9. Fertilizer nutrient solution (aqueous solution in which OAT House No. 1 was dissolved to a concentration of 0.8 g / L) was dropped into the vertical hydroponic cultivation cylinder 1 of Experimental Examples 1 to 8 at a rate of 20 g / min for 3 days. Cultivation was carried out below.
10. Comparative Experimental Results Experimental Example 1 (Reference Example): Of the total of 36 seedlings of the vertical hydroponic cultivation cylinder 1, 21 seedlings grew smoothly.
In the vertical hydroponic cultivation cylinder 1 that grew most smoothly, all 6 seedlings out of 6 seedlings grew smoothly.
In the vertical hydroponic cultivation cylinder 1 which was the worst, 5 out of 6 seedlings withered.
Experimental example 2 (comparative example): Among the total 12 seedlings of the two vertical hydroponic cultivation cylinders 1, one seedling grew smoothly.
In the first vertical hydroponic cultivation cylinder 1, one of six seedlings continued to grow, but five seedlings withered.
In the second vertical hydroponic cultivation cylinder 1, 6 seedlings withered out of 6 seedlings withered.
Experimental Examples 3 to 8: All 6 seedlings out of 6 seedlings grew smoothly.

In the vertical hydroponic cultivation system of Example 7, as shown in FIG. 10, the folded water-retaining sheet 21 a becomes thicker as it goes to the tip, so that the upper surface is centered on the water-retaining sheet 21. As described above, it is different from the sixth embodiment in that it is formed in an inclined shape that becomes higher as it goes outward.
In Example 7, as described above, the thickness of the folded water-retaining sheet 21a is increased as it goes to the tip, so that the upper surface of the folded water-retaining sheet 21a becomes higher as it goes outward with the water-retaining sheet 21 as the center. By forming in the shape, the time for staying on the upper surface of the folded water-retaining sheet 21a is shortened compared to the case where there is no inclination, so that the nutrient solution 7 can be used efficiently.

As shown in FIGS. 11 and 12, the vertical hydroponic cultivation system of Example 8 goes to the outside centered on the water retaining sheet 21 on the upper surface of the breathable material 23 on the side of the water retaining sheet 21 a that is folded at least. The present embodiment is different from the sixth and seventh embodiments in that it includes an inclined member 21b having an inclined upper surface that increases accordingly.
In Example 8, as described above, the inclined member 21a has an inclined upper surface that increases at the upper surface of the breathable material 23 on the side of the folded water retaining sheet 21a with the water retaining sheet 21 as the center. The upper surface of the folded water-retaining sheet 21a becomes an inclined surface, and the jumping of the nutrient solution 7 dropped on the inclined surface to the outside is prevented, and the nutrient solution 7 dropped on the water-retaining sheet 21a The leakage to the breathable material 23 and evaporation can be prevented and the nutrient solution 7 can be used more efficiently.
In addition, although the raw material of the inclination member 21b is arbitrary, it is desirable that at least the upper surface of the inclination is made of a material having no air permeability.
Further, the shape of the inclined member 21b is not limited to a substantially right triangle as long as an inclined upper surface is formed, and is arbitrary. Further, the inclined upper surface of the inclined member 21b is not limited to a straight line, but may be a concave curved surface, for example.

In the vertical hydroponic cultivation system of Example 9, as shown in FIG. 13, the upper surface of the folded breathable material 23 on the side of the water retention sheet 21 a becomes higher as it goes outward with the water retention sheet 21 as the center. It differs from the said Examples 6-8 by the point currently formed in the shape.
In Example 9, as described above, the upper surface of the breathable material 23 on the side of the water-retaining sheet 21a that is folded is formed in an inclined shape that becomes higher as it goes outward with the water-retaining sheet 21 as a center. The upper surface of the water retention sheet 21a thus formed is an inclined surface, and prevents the nutrient solution 7 dropped on the inclined surface from jumping to the outside, and the nutrient solution 7 dropped on the water retention sheet 21a is applied to the breathable material 23. Leaking and evaporation can be prevented and the nutrient solution 7 can be used more efficiently.

In the vertical hydroponic cultivation system of the tenth embodiment, as shown in FIG. 14, the nutrient solution supply unit 4 includes a flow rate adjusting unit 42 that adjusts the nutrient solution supply amount to the water retention sheet 21. The nutrient solution 7 is dripped onto the water retention sheet 21 from the means 42, the moisture content sensor 9 is provided at the lower end of the water retention sheet 21, and the flow rate adjustment means 42 includes the electric valve 42 a and the moisture content sensor. 9 is the point which is comprised by the nutrient solution supply amount control means 42b which controls the water retention amount of the lower end part of the water retention sheet | seat 21 by automatically controlling the electric valve 42a with the signal from 9. It is different.
The moisture content sensor 9 measures the moisture content at the lower end of the water retaining sheet 21 and is provided at the lower end of the water retaining sheet 21. The amount of moisture measured by the moisture amount sensor 9 is displayed on the moisture meter 9a.
The flow rate adjusting means 42a adjusts the dripping amount of the nutrient solution 7 onto the water retention sheet 21. In this embodiment 14, the electric valve 42a and the electric valve 42a are automatically controlled by signals from the moisture amount sensor 9. Thus, there is provided nutrient solution supply amount control means 42b for controlling the water retention amount at the lower end of the water retention sheet 21 so as to become saturated.
Moreover, by providing the drain pan 9b which receives the nutrient solution 7 dripped from the water retention sheet 21 at the lower part of the vertical hydroponic cultivation cylinder 1, the nutrient when the water content at the lower end of the water retention sheet 21 exceeds the saturated state Liquid 7 can be accommodated. In addition, evaporation of the nutrient solution 7 is suppressed by storing the water retaining material 9c in the drain pan 9b.

  In the tenth embodiment, as described above, the nutrient solution supply means 4 is provided with the flow rate adjusting means 42 for adjusting the nutrient solution supply amount to the water retention sheet 21, and the nutrient solution 7 is retained by the flow rate adjusting means 42. It is comprised so that it may be dripped at the water-proof sheet 21, and it adjusts so that the water content of the lower end part of the water retention sheet 21 may not exceed the saturation amount by providing the water content sensor 9 at the lower end part of the water retention sheet 21. It is possible to install no nutrient solution collection / circulation device or install a simple object such as a saucer. Alternatively, a system in which a very small amount of nutrient solution 7 exceeding a small amount is circulated can be used.

Further, in the tenth embodiment, by providing the electric valve 42a and the nutrient solution supply amount control unit 42b as the flow rate adjusting unit 42, the electric valve 42a can be automatically controlled to automatically adjust the nutrient solution amount to an appropriate amount. it can.
Thereby, including the case where it controls by the remote operation from the outside of a cultivation house, it can adjust automatically the amount of nutrient solution without being delayed even for sudden weather and temperature fluctuations.

As shown in FIG. 15, the vertical hydroponic cultivation system of the eleventh embodiment is different from the tenth embodiment in that a manual valve 42 c is used as the flow rate adjusting means 42.
In Example 11, as described above, by using the manual valve 42c as the flow rate adjusting means 42, it is possible to manually adjust the amount of nutrient solution to an appropriate amount without particularly incurring equipment costs.

As shown in FIG. 16, the vertical hydroponic cultivation system of Example 12 is different from Examples 1 to 12 in that the thermal heater 10 is provided in contact with the water retention sheet 21. .
In Example 12, as described above, the temperature around the fine root of the plant that is in contact with the water retention sheet 21 is maintained at an appropriate temperature even in winter by providing the thermal heater 10 in contact with the water retention sheet 21. As a result, it is possible to promote the development of fine roots, greatly improve the nutrient solution absorption rate and lead to an increase in yield.

In the vertical hydroponic cultivation system of Example 13, as shown in FIGS. 17 to 20, the vertical hydroponic cultivation cylinder 1 is one or more for planting seedlings or seeds 6 of plants in at least two directions. This embodiment is different from the first to twelfth embodiments in that it includes a vertical slit 11 or a plurality of openings.
That is, as Example 1 of Example 13, as shown in FIGS. 17 and 18, by providing the slits 11 on both opposite side walls of the vertical hydroponics cylinder 1, Plant seedlings or seeds 6 can be planted on both sides.
Moreover, as Example 2 of this Example 13, as shown in FIGS. 19 and 20, the slits 11 are provided on all four side surfaces of the vertical hydroponic cultivation cylinder 1, and the water retention sheet 21 is provided in a cross shape. Thus, plant seedlings or seeds 6 can be planted on all four surfaces of the vertical hydroponic cultivation cylinder 1.
In this case, as shown in FIG. 21, the breathable materials 22 and 23 are folded in two with the lower end as the center, and the cross-shaped water retaining sheet 21 is sandwiched between the breathable materials 22 and 23.
In this Example 13, as described above, one or more vertical slits 11 or a plurality of openings for planting seedlings or seeds 6 of plants in at least two directions of the vertical hydroponic cultivation cylinder 1 are provided. By providing, the number of plant seedlings that can be cultivated in each vertical hydroponic cultivation cylinder 1 and, in turn, the production yield of plants can be greatly increased.

  Although the present embodiment has been described above, the present invention is not limited to the above-described embodiment, and design changes and the like within a scope not departing from the gist of the present invention are included in the present invention.

  For example, in the embodiment, the example in which the vertical hydroponic cultivation cylinder 1 is provided in a state of being hung from the ceiling of the house is shown, but it may be provided in a state of being erected on the floor surface.

  In the embodiment, the vertical slit 11 for planting seedlings or seeds 6 of the plant is provided on one side of the vertical hydroponic cultivation cylinder 1, but a plurality of slits or openings are provided in the vertical direction. May be.

  In addition to sunlight, artificial light such as LEDs can be used as the light source of the vertical hydroponics system or method. When using artificial light, for example, an artificial light device such as an LED is provided on the side surface of the slit 11 of the vertical hydroponics cylinder 1.

Moreover, although the example which planted a seedling or a seed was shown in the Example, you may make it plant a plant seedling with the culture medium at the time of cultivating with seeding equipment separately attached. When this method is used, for example, seeding is carried out in a urethane medium, and the trouble of root washing can be saved by sandwiching the medium while leaving the medium around each seedling. Moreover, it becomes possible to cultivate without failing the plant species that are damaged when roots are thin and are damaged.
Moreover, since water and oxygen can be reliably supplied to the plant with a small amount of nutrient solution, the plant may be planted in the state of cuttings that have not yet rooted. By using this method, seedlings can be grown in a short period of time for plant species that are slow to grow after sowing.

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Vertical hydroponics cylinder 11 Slit 2 Medium 21 Water retention sheet 21a Folded water retention sheet 21b Inclined member 22 Breathable material 23 Breathable material 3 Nutrient solution storage tank 4 Nutrient solution supply means 4a Nutrient solution supply pipe 4b Nutrient solution Drip port 4c Cock 4d Drip tube 41 Nutrient solution supply pump 42 Flow rate adjusting means 42a Electric valve 42b Nutrient solution supply amount control means 42c Manual valve 5 Nutrient solution collection means 51 Drain pan 52 Nutrient solution collection circulation pump 6 Plant seedling or seed 7 Nutrition Liquid 8 Fixing means 8a Hanging pipe 8b Hanging member 9 Moisture sensor 9a Moisture meter 9b Drain pan 9c Water retention material 10 Thermal heater

  The present invention relates to a vertical hydroponic cultivation system and a vertical hydroponic cultivation method.

Conventionally, as a vertical hydroponics system, the thing of patent documents 1 and 2 is known.
The vertical hydroponic cultivation system of Patent Document 1 includes a plurality of hollow hydroponic cultivation towers (vertical hydroponic cultivation cylinders) and irrigation means for supplying a nutrient solution to the medium material in the hollow hydroponic cultivation tower (nutrient supply) Means).
Moreover, the said hollow hydroponics tower is a structure provided with the groove part (vertical direction slit or opening part) for planting the seedling of a plant in the one side | surface with the square cross section.
In addition, a medium material selected from granular medium, styrofoam, polyurethane foam, plastic mesh, rock wool, coconut fiber, wicking strip, cultivation bag and vermiculite is inserted into the hollow hydroponics tower. (See Patent Document 1).
In the vertical hydroponic cultivation system of Patent Document 2, a hollow tube filled with a medium such as a nonwoven fabric is provided in a storage tank filled with a nutrient solution. It has a structure in which a nutrient solution is supplied to a medium in which plants are planted by standing upright and ejecting air from a lower end portion of a liquid feeding tube installed in a hollow tube (see Patent Document 2).

Special table 2017-538405 gazette Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 11-46606

However, in the state in which one type of medium is accommodated in the vertical hydroponic cultivation cylinder as in the conventional vertical hydroponic cultivation system, water and air compete for the empty wall in the medium. Successful cultivation is not easy, for example, the ratio of the gas phase becomes lower depending on the amount of liquid, causing root rot, and the use is limited only to those having a good balance between the water phase and the gas phase.
That is, if the medium has high water retention and low air permeability (the gas phase ratio in the medium is too low), root rot occurs, and conversely, the air permeability is high and the water retention is low (the liquid phase ratio in the medium is too low). ) And a large amount of nutrient solution supply in order not to wither the seedling, and the capacity of the pump used to supply or circulate the nutrient solution is large, which increases the equipment cost and running cost. was there.
Conversely, if the water retention is high and the air permeability is low (the liquid phase ratio in the medium is too high), root rot occurs. Or in order to avoid air shortage, the complicated apparatus like patent document 2 was needed, and there existed a trouble that an installation expense became expensive and operation became inconvenient. Moreover, even if a medium (for example, rock wool) having a good balance between the water phase and the gas phase is selected, the medium filled in the cultivation cylinder contains water, which increases the weight of the entire cultivation cylinder, and the workability is poor. There was a problem.

  The problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a vertical hydroponic cultivation system and a vertical hydroponic cultivation method that can prevent root rot of cultivated plants and can efficiently cultivate plants by supplying a small amount of nutrient solution. There is to do.

In order to solve the above-mentioned problems, the vertical hydroponic cultivation system according to claim 1 can be inserted into and removed from a vertical hydroponic cultivation cylinder suspended from the ceiling of a house or erected on the floor, and a vertical hydroponic cultivation cylinder. A vertical hydroponic cultivation system comprising: the medium contained in the medium; and the nutrient solution supply means for supplying the nutrient solution to the medium from the nutrient solution storage tank,
The medium is composed of a water-retaining sheet and a breathable material sandwiching at least both sides thereof,
The vertical hydroponic cultivation cylinder is one or more vertically long slits or a vertical direction for planting seedlings or seeds of a plant at a position including a boundary portion between the water retention sheet and the breathable material in at least one direction. With a plurality of openings,
It is configured to drop the nutrient solution from the nutrient solution supply means onto the water retention sheet,
It is characterized by comprising fixing means for fixing the nourishing liquid drop outlet of the nutrient solution supply means so as to be positioned directly above the water retention sheet.

The vertical hydroponic cultivation system according to claim 2 is a vertical hydroponic cultivation cylinder suspended from the ceiling of the house or standing on the floor, and a medium accommodated in the vertical hydroponic cultivation cylinder so as to be removable. A nutrient solution supply means for supplying nutrient solution to the culture medium from the nutrient solution storage tank, and a vertical hydroponics system comprising:
The medium is composed of a water-retaining sheet and a breathable material sandwiching at least both sides thereof,
The vertical hydroponic cultivation cylinder is one or more vertically long slits or a vertical direction for planting seedlings or seeds of a plant at a position including a boundary portion between the water retention sheet and the breathable material in at least one direction. With a plurality of openings,
It is configured to drop the nutrient solution from the nutrient solution supply means onto the water retention sheet,
The nutrient liquid drop outlet of the nutrient solution supply means touches the water retention sheet.

The vertical hydroponic cultivation system according to claim 3 is a vertical hydroponic cultivation tube suspended on the ceiling of the house or erected on the floor, and a medium accommodated in the vertical hydroponic cultivation tube so as to be removable. A nutrient solution supply means for supplying nutrient solution to the culture medium from the nutrient solution storage tank, and a vertical hydroponics system comprising:
The medium is composed of a water-retaining sheet and a breathable material sandwiching at least both sides thereof,
The vertical hydroponic cultivation cylinder is one or more vertically long slits or a vertical direction for planting seedlings or seeds of a plant at a position including a boundary portion between the water retention sheet and the breathable material in at least one direction. With a plurality of openings,
It is configured to drop the nutrient solution from the nutrient solution supply means onto the water retention sheet,
The nutrient solution lowering port of the nutrient solution supply means is sandwiched between the water retention sheet and the upper end of one breathable material.

The vertical hydroponic cultivation system according to claim 4 is a vertical hydroponic cultivation cylinder suspended from the ceiling of the house or erected on the floor, and a medium accommodated in the vertical hydroponic cultivation cylinder so as to be removable. A nutrient solution supply means for supplying nutrient solution to the culture medium from the nutrient solution storage tank, and a vertical hydroponics system comprising:
The medium is composed of a water-retaining sheet and a breathable material sandwiching at least both sides thereof,
The vertical hydroponic cultivation cylinder is one or more vertically long slits or a vertical direction for planting seedlings or seeds of a plant at a position including a boundary portion between the water retention sheet and the breathable material in at least one direction. With a plurality of openings,
It is configured to drop the nutrient solution from the nutrient solution supply means onto the water retention sheet,
The water-retaining sheet has a thickness of 2 mm or more.

The vertical hydroponic cultivation system according to claim 5 is a vertical hydroponic cultivation cylinder suspended from the ceiling of the house or erected on the floor, and a medium accommodated in the vertical hydroponic cultivation cylinder so as to be removable. A nutrient solution supply means for supplying nutrient solution to the culture medium from the nutrient solution storage tank, and a vertical hydroponics system comprising:
The medium is composed of a water-retaining sheet and a breathable material sandwiching at least both sides thereof,
The vertical hydroponic cultivation cylinder is one or more vertically long slits or vertical directions for planting seedlings or seeds of plants at positions including the boundary between the water retention sheet and the breathable material in at least two directions. With a plurality of openings,
It is comprised so that a nutrient solution may be dripped at a water retention sheet | seat from the said nutrient solution supply means.

The vertical hydroponic cultivation system according to claim 6 is a vertical hydroponic cultivation cylinder suspended from the ceiling of the house or erected on the floor, and a medium accommodated in the vertical hydroponic cultivation cylinder so as to be removable. A nutrient solution supply means for supplying nutrient solution to the culture medium from the nutrient solution storage tank, and a vertical hydroponics system comprising:
The medium is composed of a water-retaining sheet and a breathable material sandwiching at least both sides thereof,
The vertical hydroponic cultivation cylinder has at least one longitudinal slit for planting seedlings or seeds of a plant in a position including a boundary between the water retention sheet and the breathable material in at least two directions. ,
It is comprised so that a nutrient solution may be dripped at a water retention sheet | seat from the said nutrient solution supply means.

The vertical hydroponic cultivation system according to claim 7 is the vertical hydroponic cultivation system according to claims 5 and 6,
It is characterized by comprising fixing means for fixing the nourishing liquid drop outlet of the nutrient solution supply means so as to be positioned directly above the water retention sheet.

The vertical hydroponic cultivation system according to claim 8 is the vertical hydroponic cultivation system according to any one of claims 5 to 7,
The nutrient liquid drop outlet of the nutrient solution supply means touches the water retention sheet.

The vertical hydroponic cultivation system according to claim 9 is the vertical hydroponic cultivation system according to any one of claims 5 to 8,
The nutrient solution lowering port of the nutrient solution supply means is sandwiched between the water retention sheet and the upper end of one breathable material.

The vertical hydroponic cultivation system according to claim 10 is the vertical hydroponic cultivation system according to any one of claims 5 to 9,
The water-retaining sheet has a thickness of 2 mm or more.

The vertical hydroponic cultivation system according to claim 11 is the vertical hydroponic cultivation system according to any one of claims 1 to 10,
The upper end of the water-retaining sheet protrudes from the upper surfaces of the air permeable materials.

The vertical hydroponic cultivation system according to claim 12 is the vertical hydroponic cultivation system according to claim 11,
The upper end portion of the water-retaining sheet protruding from the upper end of the breathable material is folded and placed on the upper surface of at least one of the breathable materials.

The vertical hydroponic cultivation system according to claim 13 is the vertical hydroponic cultivation system according to claim 12,
The folded water-retaining sheet is characterized in that the thickness of the folded water-retaining sheet becomes thicker toward the tip, and the upper surface thereof is formed in an inclined shape that becomes higher as it goes outward with the water-retaining sheet as the center.

The vertical hydroponic cultivation system according to claim 14 is the vertical hydroponic cultivation system according to claim 12,
It is characterized in that an inclined member having an inclined upper surface that becomes higher toward the outside centering on the water retaining sheet is provided on the upper surface of the breathable material on the side of the water retaining sheet that is folded at least.

The vertical hydroponic cultivation system according to claim 15 is the vertical hydroponic cultivation system according to claim 12,
The upper surface of the folded breathable material on the water-retaining sheet side is formed in an inclined shape that becomes higher as it goes outward with the water-retaining sheet as the center.

The vertical hydroponic cultivation system according to claim 16 is the vertical hydroponic cultivation system according to any one of claims 1 to 15,
Collecting nutrient solution dripped from the bottom of the vertical hydroponics tube, equipped with nutrient solution collection means for collecting in the nutrient solution storage tank,
The nutrient solution recovery means includes a drain pan that recovers the nutrient solution dropped from the lower part of the vertical hydroponic cultivation cylinder, and is configured to circulate the nutrient solution recovered in the drain pan to the nutrient solution storage tank. And

The vertical hydroponic cultivation system according to claim 17 is the vertical hydroponic cultivation system according to any one of claims 1 to 16,
The nutrient solution supply means includes a flow rate adjusting means for adjusting a nutrient solution supply amount to the water retention sheet, and is configured to drop the nutrient solution from the flow rate adjustment means onto the water retention sheet.
A water content sensor is provided at the lower end of the water retention sheet.

The vertical hydroponic cultivation system according to claim 18 is the vertical hydroponic cultivation system according to claim 17,
The flow rate adjusting means is composed of nutrient solution supply amount control means for controlling the water retention amount at the lower end portion of the water retention sheet by automatically controlling the electric valve with a signal from the electric valve and the moisture amount sensor. Features.

The vertical hydroponic cultivation system according to claim 19 is the vertical hydroponic cultivation system according to claim 17,
The vertical hydroponics system, wherein the flow rate adjusting means is a manual valve.

The vertical hydroponic cultivation system according to claim 20 is the vertical hydroponic cultivation system according to any one of claims 1 to 19,
A thermal heater is provided in contact with the water retention sheet.

The vertical hydroponic cultivation method according to claim 21 is a vertical hydroponic cultivation tube suspended on the ceiling of the house or erected on the floor, and a medium accommodated in the vertical hydroponic cultivation tube so as to be removable. A nutrient solution supply means for supplying nutrient solution to the culture medium from the nutrient solution storage tank,
The medium is composed of a water retention sheet and a breathable material sandwiching at least both sides thereof,
The vertical hydroponic cultivation cylinder is one or more vertically long slits or a vertical direction for planting seedlings or seeds of a plant at a position including a boundary portion between the water retention sheet and the breathable material in at least one direction. With a plurality of openings,
Growing a seedling or seed of a plant with the nutrient solution supplied to the water retention sheet by dripping the nutrient solution onto the water retention sheet from the nutrient solution supply means,
It is characterized by comprising a fixing means for fixing so that the nutrient solution lower end of the nutrient solution supply means is located directly above the water retention sheet.

The vertical hydroponic cultivation method according to claim 22 is a vertical hydroponic cultivation tube suspended on a ceiling of a house or erected on a floor surface, and a medium accommodated in a vertical hydroponic cultivation tube so as to be removable. A nutrient solution supply means for supplying nutrient solution to the culture medium from the nutrient solution storage tank,
The medium is composed of a water retention sheet and a breathable material sandwiching at least both sides thereof,
The vertical hydroponic cultivation cylinder is one or more vertically long slits or a vertical direction for planting seedlings or seeds of a plant at a position including a boundary portion between the water retention sheet and the breathable material in at least one direction. With a plurality of openings,
Growing a seedling or seed of a plant with the nutrient solution supplied to the water retention sheet by dripping the nutrient solution onto the water retention sheet from the nutrient solution supply means,
The nutrient solution lowering port of the nutrient solution supply means is brought into contact with the water retention sheet.

The vertical hydroponic cultivation method according to claim 23 is a vertical hydroponic cultivation tube suspended on the ceiling of the house or erected on the floor, and a medium accommodated in the vertical hydroponic cultivation tube so as to be removable. A nutrient solution supply means for supplying nutrient solution to the culture medium from the nutrient solution storage tank,
The medium is composed of a water retention sheet and a breathable material sandwiching at least both sides thereof,
The vertical hydroponic cultivation cylinder is one or more vertically long slits or a vertical direction for planting seedlings or seeds of a plant at a position including a boundary portion between the water retention sheet and the breathable material in at least one direction. With a plurality of openings,
Growing a seedling or seed of a plant with the nutrient solution supplied to the water retention sheet by dripping the nutrient solution onto the water retention sheet from the nutrient solution supply means,
The nutrient liquid drop lower port of the nutrient solution supply means is in a state of being sandwiched between the water retention sheet and the upper end portion of one breathable material.

The vertical hydroponic cultivation method according to claim 24 is a vertical hydroponic cultivation tube suspended on a ceiling of a house or erected on a floor surface, and a medium accommodated in a vertical hydroponic cultivation tube so as to be removable. A nutrient solution supply means for supplying nutrient solution to the culture medium from the nutrient solution storage tank,
The medium is composed of a water retention sheet and a breathable material sandwiching at least both sides thereof,
The vertical hydroponic cultivation cylinder is one or more vertically long slits or a vertical direction for planting seedlings or seeds of a plant at a position including a boundary portion between the water retention sheet and the breathable material in at least one direction. With a plurality of openings,
Growing a seedling or seed of a plant with the nutrient solution supplied to the water retention sheet by dripping the nutrient solution onto the water retention sheet from the nutrient solution supply means,
The water-retaining sheet has a thickness of 2 mm or more.

The vertical hydroponic cultivation method according to claim 25 is a vertical hydroponic cultivation tube suspended on the ceiling of the house or erected on the floor, and a medium accommodated in the vertical hydroponic cultivation tube so as to be removable. A nutrient solution supply means for supplying nutrient solution to the culture medium from the nutrient solution storage tank, and a vertical hydroponics method comprising:
The medium is composed of a water retention sheet and a breathable material sandwiching at least both sides thereof,
The vertical hydroponic cultivation cylinder is one or more vertically long slits or vertical directions for planting seedlings or seeds of plants at positions including the boundary between the water retention sheet and the breathable material in at least two directions. With a plurality of openings,
Plant seedlings or seeds are grown with the nutrient solution supplied to the water retention sheet by dropping the nutrient solution onto the water retention sheet from the nutrient solution supply means.

The vertical hydroponic cultivation method according to claim 26 is a vertical hydroponic cultivation tube suspended on the ceiling of the house or erected on the floor, and a medium accommodated in the vertical hydroponic cultivation tube so as to be removable. A nutrient solution supply means for supplying nutrient solution to the culture medium from the nutrient solution storage tank, and a vertical hydroponics method comprising:
The medium is composed of a water retention sheet and a breathable material sandwiching at least both sides thereof,
The vertical hydroponic cultivation cylinder is provided with one or more vertically long slits for planting seedlings or seeds of a plant at a position including a boundary portion between the water retention sheet and the breathable material in at least two directions.
Plant seedlings or seeds are grown with the nutrient solution supplied to the water retention sheet by dropping the nutrient solution onto the water retention sheet from the nutrient solution supply means.

The vertical hydroponic cultivation method according to claim 27 is the vertical hydroponic cultivation method according to claim 25 or 26,
It is characterized by comprising a fixing means for fixing so that the nutrient solution lower end of the nutrient solution supply means is located directly above the water retention sheet.

The vertical hydroponics method according to claim 28 is the vertical hydroponics method according to any one of claims 25 to 27,
The nutrient solution lowering port of the nutrient solution supply means is brought into contact with the water retention sheet.

The vertical hydroponics method according to claim 29 is the vertical hydroponics method according to any one of claims 25 to 28,
The nutrient liquid drop lower port of the nutrient solution supply means is in a state of being sandwiched between the water retention sheet and the upper end portion of one breathable material.

The vertical hydroponic cultivation method according to claim 30, in the vertical hydroponic cultivation method according to any one of claims 25 to 29,
The thickness of the water retention sheet is 2 mm or more.

The vertical hydroponic cultivation method according to claim 31 is the vertical hydroponic cultivation method according to any one of claims 21 to 30,
The upper end of the water-retaining sheet protrudes from the upper surfaces of the air-permeable materials.

The vertical hydroponics method according to claim 32 is the vertical hydroponics method according to claim 31,
The upper end portion of the water retaining sheet protruding from the upper end of the breathable material is folded and placed on the upper surface of at least one breathable material,
The nutrient solution is dropped from the nutrient solution supply means onto a water-retaining sheet on which the nutrient solution is folded and placed.

The vertical hydroponics method according to claim 33 is the vertical hydroponics method according to claim 32,
The folded water-retaining sheet is formed so as to increase in thickness as it goes to the tip, so that the upper surface of the folded water-retaining sheet is formed in an inclined shape that becomes higher toward the outside with the water-retaining sheet as the center.

The vertical hydroponics method according to claim 34 is the vertical hydroponics method according to claim 32,
The upper surface of the breathable material on the side of the water-retaining sheet folded at least is provided with an inclined member having an inclined upper surface that becomes higher as it goes outward with the water-retaining sheet as a center.

The vertical hydroponics method according to claim 35 is the vertical hydroponics method according to claim 32,
The upper surface of the bent breathable material on the water-retaining sheet side is formed in an inclined shape that becomes higher as it goes outward with the water-retaining sheet as the center.

The vertical hydroponics method according to claim 36, in the vertical hydroponics method according to any one of claims 21 to 35,
Collecting nutrient solution dripped from the bottom of the vertical hydroponics tube, equipped with nutrient solution collection means for collecting in the nutrient solution storage tank,
The nutrient solution recovery means includes a drain pan that recovers the nutrient solution dropped from the lower part of the vertical hydroponic cultivation cylinder, and is configured to circulate the nutrient solution recovered in the drain pan to the nutrient solution storage tank. And

The vertical hydroponic cultivation method according to claim 37 is the vertical hydroponic cultivation method according to any one of claims 21 to 36,
The nutrient solution supply means includes a flow rate adjusting means for adjusting a nutrient solution supply amount to the water retention sheet, and is configured to drop the nutrient solution from the flow rate adjustment means onto the water retention sheet.
A water content sensor is provided at the lower end of the water retention sheet.

The vertical hydroponics method according to claim 38 is the vertical hydroponics method according to claim 37,
The flow rate adjusting means comprises a nutrient solution supply amount control means for controlling the water retention amount at the lower end portion of the water retention sheet by automatically controlling the electric valve with a signal from the electric valve and the moisture amount sensor. To do.

The vertical hydroponics method according to claim 39 is the vertical hydroponics method according to claim 37,
The flow rate adjusting means is constituted by a manual valve.

The vertical hydroponics method according to claim 40, in the vertical hydroponics method according to any one of claims 21 to 39,
A thermal heater is provided in contact with the water retention sheet.

In the vertical hydroponic cultivation system of the present invention, as described above, a medium that is detachably accommodated in a vertical hydroponic cultivation cylinder, a water retention sheet for planting plant seedlings or seeds, and an aeration sandwiching both sides thereof Composed of sex material.
Insert the plant seedling or seed between the water retention sheet and the breathable material, insert it into the vertical hydroponics so that the boundary part of the sandwiched water retention sheet and breathable material is included in the slit part, The plant can be extended from the slit part to the outside of the vertical hydroponics cylinder. Or a seedling or seed of a plant between the water-retaining sheet and the breathable material from the slit for a medium composed of a water-retaining sheet previously inserted in the vertical hydroponics cylinder and a breathable material sandwiching at least both sides thereof To plant. Then, by dripping the nutrient solution onto the upper end of the water retention sheet, water and oxygen are reliably supplied to the roots of the plant seedlings sandwiched between the water retention sheet and the breathable material, so that the cultivated plants wither. And root rot can be prevented.
In addition, a vertically long slit or a plurality of openings by providing a vertically long slit or a plurality of openings in the vertical direction for planting seedlings or seeds of a plant at a position including a boundary portion between the water retention sheet and the breathable material. Among them, a place that is optimal between the strains can be freely selected, and plant seedlings or seeds can be planted between the water retention sheet and the breathable material.
In addition, the medium has a two-part structure consisting of a water-retaining sheet and a breathable material. Any material that is excellent and inexpensive or can be easily supplied can be used widely, and the range of selection of materials can be expanded.
In addition, by selecting a material that is light in weight or hard to break, performance such as ease of use can be improved.

  Moreover, in each vertical type hydroponic cultivation pipe by providing one or more vertical slits or a plurality of openings for planting seedlings or seeds of plants in at least two directions of the vertical type hydroponic cultivation pipe The number of plant seedlings that can be cultivated, and therefore the production yield of plants, can be greatly increased.

In addition, by providing a fixing means for fixing the nutrient solution lowering port of the nutrient solution supply means so that it is located directly above the water retention sheet, the nutrient solution can be added to the water retention sheet without leaking in the direction of the breathable material. It can be dripped reliably.
As a result, the plant can be cultivated with the minimum amount of nutrient drops.

In addition, by making the nutrient solution lower end of the nutrient solution supply means touch the upper end of the water retention sheet, the nutrient solution can be reliably dropped onto the water retention sheet without leaking in the direction of the breathable material. it can.
As a result, the plant can be cultivated with the minimum amount of nutrient drops.

Moreover, the nutrient solution lowering port of the nutrient solution supply means is sandwiched between the water retaining sheet and the upper end of one of the air-permeable materials, so that the nutrient solution can be reliably dropped onto the water retaining sheet.
As a result, the plant can be cultivated with the minimum amount of nutrient drops.

Moreover, a nutrient solution can be dripped more reliably at a water retention sheet | seat by setting the thickness of a water retention sheet | seat to 2 mm or more.
As a result, the plant can be cultivated with the minimum amount of nutrient drops.

Moreover, since the upper end of a water retention sheet | seat protrudes from the upper surface of both air permeable materials, since distance with a dripping port can be made close, a nutrient solution can be dripped more reliably to a water retention sheet | seat.
As a result, the plant can be cultivated with the minimum amount of nutrient drops.

  In addition, the upper end of the water retaining sheet that protrudes from the upper end of the breathable material is folded and placed on the upper surface of at least one of the breathable materials, so that the water retaining sheet is no longer simply sandwiched between the breathable materials. The nutrient solution can be effectively collected on the water retaining sheet without losing a part of the solution to the breathable material side. Even if the position is slightly shifted to the left or right, the plant can be reliably cultivated with a small amount of nutrient solution.

  In addition, the folded water-retaining sheet was folded by forming an inclined shape in which the upper surface becomes higher with the water-retaining sheet as the center increases as the thickness increases toward the tip. Leakage of nutrient solution dropped on the water retention sheet to the breathable material direction is prevented by preventing the nutrient solution dripped on the water retention sheet from jumping to the outside and shortening the time remaining on the upper surface compared to the case where there is no inclination. However, evaporation on the upper surface and the upper surface can be suppressed and the nutrient solution can be used efficiently.

  Further, the upper surface of the folded water-retaining sheet is provided with an inclined member having an inclined upper surface that becomes higher toward the outside centering on the water-retaining sheet on the upper surface of the breathable material on the side of the folded water-retaining sheet. Prevents the nutrient solution dripped onto the inclined surface from jumping to the outside and prevents the nutrient solution dropped on the water-holding sheet from leaking to the breathable material and evaporating more efficiently. The liquid can be utilized.

  In addition, the upper surface of the breathable material on the side of the folded water retaining sheet is formed in an inclined shape that becomes higher as it goes outward with the water retaining sheet as the center, so that the upper surface of the folded water retaining sheet becomes an inclined surface, In addition to preventing the nutrient solution dripped onto the inclined surface from jumping to the outside, the nutrient solution dripped onto the water retaining sheet is prevented from leaking to the breathable material and evaporating to more efficiently utilize the nutrient solution. Will be able to.

Moreover, the nutrient solution dripping from the lower part of the vertical hydroponics tube is collected, and equipped with a nutrient solution collecting means for collecting in the nutrient solution storage tank,
The nutrient solution collecting means includes a drain pan that collects the nutrient solution dropped from the lower part of the vertical hydroponic cultivation cylinder, and is configured to circulate the nutrient solution collected in the drain pan to the nutrient solution storage tank. The nutrient solution can be used efficiently, and the cost of the nutrient solution can be reduced. In addition, there is little impact on the environment due to disposal of nutrient solution.

  Further, the nutrient solution supply means is provided with a flow rate adjusting means for adjusting the supply amount of the nutrient solution to the water retention sheet, and is configured to drop the nutrient solution from the flow rate adjustment means onto the water retention sheet. Adjust the water content at the lower end of the water-holding sheet so that it does not exceed the saturation level by installing a moisture sensor in the unit, and do not install a nutrient solution recovery / circulation device or install a simple object such as a tray. Is also possible. Alternatively, a system in which a very small amount of nutrient solution exceeding a small amount is circulated can be used.

Moreover, by providing the electric valve and the nutrient solution supply amount control unit as the flow rate adjusting unit, the electric valve can be automatically controlled and the nutrient solution amount can be automatically adjusted to an appropriate amount.
Thereby, including the remote operation from the outside of the cultivation house, it is possible to automatically adjust the amount of nutrient solution without being delayed due to sudden changes in weather and temperature.

  Further, by using a manual valve as the flow rate adjusting means, it is possible to manually adjust the amount of nutrient solution to an appropriate amount without particularly incurring equipment costs.

  In addition, by providing a thermal heater in contact with the water retention sheet, the temperature around the fine roots of the plants in contact with the water retention sheet can be maintained at an appropriate temperature even in winter, thereby promoting the development of fine roots and feeding. An effect is obtained in that the liquid absorption rate can be greatly improved and the yield can be improved.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS It is whole explanatory drawing which shows the vertical hydroponic cultivation system of Example 1. FIG. FIG. 2 is an enlarged cross-sectional view taken along line AA in FIG. 1. FIG. 3 is an enlarged front view showing a main part of the culture medium of Example 1. It is a principal part expansion vertical front view which shows the vertical hydroponic cultivation system of Example 1. FIG. It is a principal part expansion vertical front view which shows the vertical hydroponic cultivation system of Example 2. FIG. It is a principal part expansion vertical front view which shows the vertical hydroponic cultivation system of Example 3. FIG. It is a principal part expansion vertical front view which shows the vertical hydroponic cultivation system of Example 4. FIG. It is a principal part expansion vertical front view which shows the vertical hydroponic cultivation system of Example 5. FIG. It is a principal part expansion vertical front view which shows the vertical hydroponic cultivation system of Example 6. FIG. It is a principal part expansion vertical front view which shows the vertical hydroponic cultivation system of Example 7. FIG. It is a principal part expansion vertical front view which shows the vertical hydroponic cultivation system of Example 8. FIG. FIG. 10 is a perspective view showing an inclined member of Example 8. It is a principal part expansion vertical front view which shows the vertical hydroponic cultivation system of Example 9. FIG. It is a whole explanatory view showing the vertical hydroponics system of Example 10. It is a whole explanatory view showing the vertical hydroponics system of Example 11. It is a principal part expansion vertical front view which shows the vertical hydroponic cultivation system of Example 12. FIG. It is a perspective view which shows the vertical hydroponic cylinder of Example 1 of Example 13. FIG. It is an expansion cross-sectional view which shows the vertical hydroponic apparatus of Example 1 of Example 13. It is a perspective view which shows the vertical hydroponic cylinder of Example 2 of Example 13. FIG. It is an expanded cross-sectional view which shows the vertical hydroponic apparatus of Example 2 of Example 13. It is a perspective view which shows the air permeable material of Example 2 of Example 13. FIG.

  Embodiments of the present invention will be described below with reference to the drawings.

First, the vertical hydroponics system of Example 1 will be described with reference to the drawings.
As shown in FIGS. 1 to 4, the vertical hydroponic cultivation system of Example 1 includes a vertical hydroponic cultivation cylinder 1, a culture medium 2, a nutrient solution storage tank 3, a nutrient solution supply means 4, and a nutrient solution. The liquid collection means 5, the plant seedling or seed 6, and the nutrient solution 7 are provided as main components.

More specifically, the vertical hydroponic cultivation cylinder 1 is a cylinder having a square cross section in the first embodiment, and on one side thereof, a water retention sheet 21 and a breathable material 22, 23 constituting the medium 2 below. One or more vertically long slits 11 for planting seedlings or seeds 6 of a plant at a position including the boundary portion of the hanger, and a hanging member (wire or string) on a hanging pipe 8a provided along the ceiling of a house or the like It is provided in a state of being suspended through 8b.
In addition, as the vertical hydroponics cylinder 1, it can create by opening the slit 11 or the some opening part in the shape which is easy to shape | mold, such as a cross-sectional square and a circle. Alternatively, it is also possible to utilize an existing product such as BrightAgrotech's ZIPGROW (trademark).

  The culture medium 2 is composed of a water retention sheet 21 and breathable materials 22 and 23 sandwiching both surfaces thereof, and is inserted and accommodated in the vertical hydroponics cylinder 1 so as to be inserted and removed.

The nutrient solution supply means 4 includes a nutrient solution supply pump 41 and drops the nutrient solution 7 from the nutrient solution storage tank 3 to the upper end portion of the water retention sheet 21 through the nutrient solution supply pipe 4a.
The dropping rate of the nutrient solution 7 is preferably 0.05 g / second to 100 g / second. Particularly preferred is 0.1 g / second to 50 g / second.
If it is less than 0.05 g / sec, even if the nutrient solution 7 is dropped on the water retention sheet 21, the water retention sheet 21 is dried by evaporation, and a sufficient amount of the nutrient solution 7 is not supplied to the roots of the plant.
On the other hand, when the value is larger than 100 g / sec, the nutrient solution 7 that cannot be held in the water-holding sheet 21 flows out onto the plant surface and wets the floor. Further, when the outflow of the liquid through the plant continues for a long time, the whole amount of the circulating nutrient solution is consumed, and the supplied nutrient solution 7 is depleted and the plant is withered.
In addition, when the nutrient solution 7 pumped up by one pump is circulated and used in the vertical hydroponic culture facility, one vertical hydroponic culture cylinder 1 increases as the number of the vertical hydroponic culture cylinders 1 increases. The dripping speed that can be distributed to the area must be small.
Therefore, when the dropping speed is set to be small, plants can be cultivated in a large number of cultivation cylinders without using a high output and expensive pump.

  The nutrient solution recovery means 5 includes a drain pan 51 that receives the nutrient solution 7 dripping from the lower end of the water retention sheet 21 and a nutrient solution recovery circulation pump 52. The pump 52 collects and circulates it in the nutrient solution storage tank 3.

The thickness of the water retaining sheet 21 is desirably 2 mm or more.
That is, the larger the thickness, the more reliably the dripping nutrient solution 7 can be dripped onto the water retention sheet 21.
The water retention sheet 21 is not necessarily a single sheet, and a plurality of sheets may be used in a stacked manner.
For example, two or more sheets having a thickness of 1 mm may be stacked and sandwiched between the breathable materials 22 and 23.
The upper limit of the thickness is desirably up to 80%, more preferably up to 70% of the thickness of the vertical hydroponic cultivation cylinder 1. When it becomes thicker than that, it will become heavy because there are too many nutrient solutions 7, and workability | operativity will become worse.

Next, operations and effects of the first embodiment will be described.
In the vertical hydroponics system of Example 1, since it is configured as described above, as shown in FIGS. 2 and 3, from the slit 11, between the water retention sheet 21 and the breathable material 22 or 23. The culture medium 2 is inserted into the vertical hydroponics cylinder 1 with a plurality of plant seedlings or seeds 6 sandwiched between them, and the nutrient solution 7 is dropped onto the upper end of the water retention sheet 21 by the nutrient solution supply pump 41. Then, the seedlings or seeds 6 grow by absorbing the nutrient solution 7 from the water retention sheet 21.
In the vertical hydroponics system of Example 1, as described above, the medium 2 that is detachably accommodated in the vertical hydroponics cylinder 1 is a water retention sheet 21 for planting plant seedlings or seeds 6; Plants sandwiched between the water-retaining sheet 21 and the breathable materials 22 and 23 by comprising the breathable materials 22 and 23 sandwiched between both sides and dropping the nutrient solution 7 onto the upper end of the water-retaining sheet 21. Since water and oxygen are reliably supplied to the roots of the seedlings or seeds 6, it is possible to prevent the cultivated plants from withering and root rot.
In addition, by providing a vertical slit 11 for planting plant seedlings or seeds 6 at a position including the boundary portion between the water retention sheet 21 and the breathable material 22 or 23, water can be retained in any position of the vertical slit 11. Plant seedlings or seeds 6 can be planted between the conductive sheet 21 and the breathable material 22 or 23.
In addition, the medium 2 has a water retention sheet 21 and a breathable material 22, 23, and by sharing the roles, the water retention is low but the breathability is excellent and inexpensive, and the easy to supply / breathability is If it is low but excellent in water retention, inexpensive and easy to supply, it can be widely used and the range of materials can be selected.
In addition, by selecting a material that is light in weight or hard to break, performance such as ease of use can be improved.

Moreover, the nutrient solution 7 can be dripped more reliably to the water retention sheet 21 by setting the thickness of the water retention sheet 21 to 2 mm or more.
As a result, the plant can be cultivated with the minimum amount of nutrient drops.

  Moreover, the nutrient solution recovery means 5 which collects the nutrient solution 7 dripped from the lower part of the vertical hydroponic cultivation cylinder 1 and collects it in the nutrient solution storage tank 3 is provided, and the nutrient solution recovery means 5 is a vertical hydroponic cultivation cylinder. 1 is provided with a drain pan 51 that collects the nutrient solution 7 dripped from the lower part of 1, and is configured to circulate the nutrient solution 7 collected in the drain pan 51 to the nutrient solution storage tank 3. Can be utilized, and the cost for the nutrient solution 7 can be reduced. Moreover, there is little impact on the environment by discarding the nutrient solution 7.

  Next, another embodiment will be described. In the description of the other embodiments, the same components as those of the first embodiment are not shown, or the same reference numerals are given and the description thereof is omitted, and only the differences are described.

As shown in FIG. 5, the vertical hydroponic cultivation system of Example 2 has a nutrient liquid drop outlet 4 b at the lower end connected to the nutrient solution supply pipe 4 a in the nutrient solution supply means 4. The point which is provided with the fixing means 8 for fixing so that it may be located on the top differs from the said Example 1. FIG.
In the second embodiment, the fixing means 8 has a structure for fixing the solution supply pipe 4a to the suspension member (wire or string) 8b. In addition, the structure of this fixing means 8 is arbitrary, for example, it is arbitrary, such as fixing the dripping tube 4d directly to the vertical hydroponic cultivation cylinder 1.
According to the second embodiment, by including the fixing unit 8 that fixes the nutrient solution lower end 4b at the lower end of the nutrient solution supply pipe 4a in the nutrient solution supply unit 4 so as to be positioned directly above the water retention sheet 21, The nutrient solution 7 can be effectively collected without loss to the water-retaining sheet 21 reliably.
Accordingly, it is possible to use a pump having a small capacity as a pump used for supplying or circulating the nutrient solution 7, thereby reducing facility costs and running costs.

As shown in FIG. 6, the vertical hydroponic cultivation system according to the third embodiment has the above-described first embodiment in that the nourishment droplet lower port 4 b of the nutrient solution supply unit 4 is in contact with the upper end portion of the water retention sheet 21. 2 is different.
In the third embodiment, as described above, the nutrient solution lower port 4b of the nutrient solution supply means 4 is in contact with the upper end portion of the water retention sheet 21, so that the nutrient solution 7 is directed in the direction of the breathable materials 22 and 23. Without being leaked, the water retaining sheet 21 can be reliably dropped.
As a result, the plant can be cultivated with the minimum amount of nutrient drops.

In the vertical hydroponics system of Example 4, as shown in FIG. 7, the nourishment liquid drop lower port 4 b of the nourishment liquid supply means 4 is sandwiched between the water retaining sheet 21 and the upper end of one air-permeable material 22. This is different from the first to third embodiments.
In Example 4, as described above, the nutrient liquid lower port 4b of the nutrient solution supply means 4 is sandwiched between the water retention sheet 21 and the air-permeable material 22, so that the nutrient solution is reliably supplied to the water retention sheet 21. Can be supplied to.
As a result, the plant can be cultivated with the minimum amount of nutrient drops.

As shown in FIG. 8, the vertical hydroponic cultivation system of Example 5 has the above Examples 1 to 4 in that the upper end of the water retention sheet 21 protrudes from the upper surfaces of the air-permeable materials 22 and 23. Is different.
In this Example 5, as described above, the nutrient solution 7 is directed in the direction of the breathable materials 22 and 23 by bringing the nutrient droplet lower port 4b of the nutrient solution supply means 4 into contact with the upper end portion of the water retention sheet 21. Without being leaked, the water retaining sheet 21 can be reliably dropped.
As a result, the plant can be cultivated with the minimum amount of nutrient drops.

As shown in FIG. 9, the vertical hydroponic cultivation system of Example 6 covers the upper surface of the water retaining sheet protruding from the upper ends of the ventilation materials 22 and 23 on the upper surface of at least one of the ventilation materials 23. It is different from the first to fifth embodiments in that it is bent and placed.
In Example 6, as described above, the water retaining sheet 21 is simply placed on the upper surface of at least one breathable material 23 by bending the upper end portion of the water retaining sheet protruding from the upper ends of the breathable materials 22 and 23. Compared to the case of just sandwiching the breathable material 22, 23, the nutrient solution 7 is not lost to the breathable material 22, 23 side, and the nutrient solution 7 is folded and placed through the water retention sheet 21a. Since it can be effectively collected on the water-retaining sheet 21, even if the position of the nourishing liquid drop is slightly shifted to the left or right using the nourishing liquid supply device having a large variation in the dropping position of the nourishing liquid 7, the amount of the nourishing liquid 7 is small. The plant can be cultivated reliably even if it is supplied.

  The water retaining sheet 21 does not necessarily have to be one continuous sheet. Even when two or more water-retaining sheets 21 are brought into contact with each other, the same effect can be obtained. For example, a breathable material can be obtained by stacking and placing a water retaining sheet of a size covering the top surface of the breathable material on a water retaining sheet 21a folded and placed on the top surface of the breathable material 23 on one side as shown in FIG. No matter where the nutrient solution 7 is dropped, the nutrient solution 7 can be guided to the vicinity of the root of the seedling of the plant without loss.

Next, cultivation comparative experimental examples of Examples 1 to 6 will be described.
1. Experimental Example 1 (Reference Example): Breathable materials 22 and 23 (material is polyethylene) having a thickness of 4.8 cm, a width of 10 cm, and a length of 150 cm are folded in half into two pieces, with a thickness of 1 mm between them. Polyester felt (water-retaining sheet 21) made by Daiso Sangyo Co., Ltd. with a width of 9 cm and a length of 70 cm is made the same as the top surface of the breathable materials 22 and 23 (the upper end of the felt is not projected upward) In this state, the sample was sandwiched in a vertical hydroponic cultivation cylinder 1 (material is polyvinyl chloride) having a square with a side of 10 cm in cross section and a slit 11 having a width of 2 cm at the center of the side.
Another piece (75 cm in length) sandwiched with the same felt as described above (75 cm in length) was prepared, and a total of 2 pieces were filled in a cultivation tube (length 150 cm).
Six vertical hydroponic cultivation cylinders 1 were prepared.
Basil seedlings were planted on these vertical hydroponic cylinders.
The seedlings are planted in a 9cm pot, and the plant height is 7-10cm. After washing the soil from the roots with tap water, there are 6 pieces with a 20cm gap between polyethylene and felt (up and down ventilation material) 3 pieces of basil seedlings were sandwiched between the two and attached to the vertical hydroponics cylinder 1.
The vertical hydroponics cylinder 1 is suspended from the ceiling and passes through the center of the slit 11 of the vertical hydroponics cylinder 1 as shown in FIG. The vertical hydroponics cylinder 1 and the nutrient solution supply pipe 4a were arranged so that the nutrient solution supply pipe 4a came on a line divided into two rectangles.
A drip tube 4d is connected to each nutrient solution supply pipe 4a via a cock 4c for opening and closing and controlling the amount of nutrient solution, so that the nutrient solution 7 can be dripped from the drip tube 4d.
Six vertical hydroponic cultivation cylinders 1 were prepared. (The dropping position is theoretically a position where the thickness of the water-retaining sheet 21 is accurately divided into two, but as shown in FIG. 4, the thickness accuracy of the breathable materials 22, 23, the dropping tube connected under the cock 4c. There was some blurring in the left-right direction due to the 4d warpage.)
2. Experimental Example 2 (Comparative Example): A vertical hydroponic cultivation cylinder 1 equipped with basil seedlings is prepared in the same manner as Experimental Example 1 except that the medium 2 is sandwiched only in polyethylene that does not contain felt.
The basil seedling basement was sandwiched between the two polyethylenes.
Two vertical hydroponics cylinders 1 were prepared.
3. Experimental Example 3: A type hydroponic cultivation cylinder 1 equipped with a basil seedling similar to that in Example 1 was prepared.
After the above-described hydroponics cylinder 1 is suspended from the ceiling, the presence or absence of blurring to the left and right is confirmed in the state where the nutrient solution 7 is dripped, and the dripping tube 4d is fixed to the suspension member 8b as shown in FIG. By doing so, the position was finely corrected.
4). Experimental Example 4: A cultivation cylinder equipped with the same basil seedling as in Example 1 was prepared.
After the vertical hydroponics cylinder 1 was suspended from the ceiling, the tip of the dropping tube 4d was brought into contact with the water retention sheet 21 as shown in FIG.
5. Experimental Example 5: A type hydroponic cultivation cylinder 1 equipped with the same basil seedling as in Example 1 was prepared.
The dripping tube 4d connected to the bottom of the cock 4c with the nutrient solution supply pipe 4a is changed to a type having a long tip, and the vertical hydroponics cylinder 1 is suspended from the ceiling and then shown in FIG. As described above, the tip of the dropping tube 4 d was sandwiched between the water retaining sheet 21 and the breathable material 22.
6). Experimental Example 6: A breathable material (material is polyethylene) with a thickness of 4.1 cm, a width of 10 cm, and a length of 150 cm is folded into two pieces in half length, and between that, the thickness is 16 mm, the width is 9 cm, and the length is 70 cm. The cut rock wool (trade name: Yasai Hana bed) of Nippon Rockwool, which was cut, was sandwiched so as to protrude 3 cm from the upper surface of the breathable materials 22 and 23, and the rest was installed with the same basil seedling as in Example 1. A type hydroponic tube 1 was prepared.
As shown in FIG. 8, the vertical hydroponics cylinder 1 was suspended from the ceiling so that the nutrient solution 7 could be dropped.
7). Experimental example 7: A ventilation material of the same size and material as in Example 1 was folded into two pieces in half length, and a polyester felt (water retention sheet) having a thickness of 1 mm, a width of 9 cm, and a length of 70 cm was sandwiched between them. The upper end 2cm of the felt protrudes from the upper end of the polyethylene, and as shown in FIG. 9, the protruding portion is bent and placed on the upper surface of the polyethylene. A cultivation cylinder 1 was prepared.
8). Experimental Example 8: A ventilation material of the same size and material as in Example 1 was folded into two pieces in half length, and a polyester felt (water retention sheet) having a thickness of 1 mm, a width of 9 cm, and a length of 70 cm was sandwiched therebetween. The vertical hydroponics cylinder 1 equipped with basil seedlings similar to Example 7 was prepared except that the upper end 1 cm of the felt was protruded from the upper end of the polyethylene and the length of the protruding portion was 1 cm instead of 2 cm.
Further, the same felt having a thickness of 1 mm was cut into a square having a width of 9 cm and a length of 9 cm, and placed on the folded upper end of the polyethylene breathable material so as to cover the 1 cm felt that had already been folded and placed.
9. Fertilizer nutrient solution (aqueous solution in which OAT House No. 1 was dissolved to a concentration of 0.8 g / L) was dropped into the vertical hydroponic cultivation cylinder 1 of Experimental Examples 1 to 8 at a rate of 20 g / min for 3 days. Cultivation was carried out below.
10. Comparative Experimental Results Experimental Example 1 (Reference Example): Of the total of 36 seedlings of the vertical hydroponic cultivation cylinder 1, 21 seedlings grew smoothly.
In the vertical hydroponic cultivation cylinder 1 that grew most smoothly, all 6 seedlings out of 6 seedlings grew smoothly.
In the vertical hydroponic cultivation cylinder 1 which was the worst, 5 out of 6 seedlings withered.
Experimental example 2 (comparative example): Among the total 12 seedlings of the two vertical hydroponic cultivation cylinders 1, one seedling grew smoothly.
In the first vertical hydroponic cultivation cylinder 1, one of six seedlings continued to grow, but five seedlings withered.
In the second vertical hydroponic cultivation cylinder 1, 6 seedlings withered out of 6 seedlings withered.
Experimental Examples 3 to 8: All 6 seedlings out of 6 seedlings grew smoothly.

In the vertical hydroponic cultivation system of Example 7, as shown in FIG. 10, the folded water-retaining sheet 21 a becomes thicker as it goes to the tip, so that the upper surface is centered on the water-retaining sheet 21. As described above, it is different from the sixth embodiment in that it is formed in an inclined shape that becomes higher as it goes outward.
In Example 7, as described above, the thickness of the folded water-retaining sheet 21a is increased as it goes to the tip, so that the upper surface of the folded water-retaining sheet 21a becomes higher as it goes outward with the water-retaining sheet 21 as the center. By forming in the shape, the time for staying on the upper surface of the folded water-retaining sheet 21a is shortened compared to the case where there is no inclination, so that the nutrient solution 7 can be used efficiently.

As shown in FIGS. 11 and 12, the vertical hydroponic cultivation system of Example 8 goes to the outside centered on the water retaining sheet 21 on the upper surface of the breathable material 23 on the side of the water retaining sheet 21 a that is folded at least. The present embodiment is different from the sixth and seventh embodiments in that it includes an inclined member 21b having an inclined upper surface that increases accordingly.
In Example 8, as described above, the inclined member 21a has an inclined upper surface that increases at the upper surface of the breathable material 23 on the side of the folded water retaining sheet 21a with the water retaining sheet 21 as the center. The upper surface of the folded water-retaining sheet 21a becomes an inclined surface, and the jumping of the nutrient solution 7 dropped on the inclined surface to the outside is prevented, and the nutrient solution 7 dropped on the water-retaining sheet 21a The leakage to the breathable material 23 and evaporation can be prevented and the nutrient solution 7 can be used more efficiently.
In addition, although the raw material of the inclination member 21b is arbitrary, it is desirable that at least the upper surface of the inclination is made of a material having no air permeability.
Further, the shape of the inclined member 21b is not limited to a substantially right triangle as long as an inclined upper surface is formed, and is arbitrary. Further, the inclined upper surface of the inclined member 21b is not limited to a straight line, but may be a concave curved surface, for example.

In the vertical hydroponic cultivation system of Example 9, as shown in FIG. 13, the upper surface of the folded breathable material 23 on the side of the water retention sheet 21 a becomes higher as it goes outward with the water retention sheet 21 as the center. It differs from the said Examples 6-8 by the point currently formed in the shape.
In Example 9, as described above, the upper surface of the breathable material 23 on the side of the water-retaining sheet 21a that is folded is formed in an inclined shape that becomes higher as it goes outward with the water-retaining sheet 21 as a center. The upper surface of the water retention sheet 21a thus formed is an inclined surface, and prevents the nutrient solution 7 dropped on the inclined surface from jumping to the outside, and the nutrient solution 7 dropped on the water retention sheet 21a is applied to the breathable material 23. Leaking and evaporation can be prevented and the nutrient solution 7 can be used more efficiently.

In the vertical hydroponic cultivation system of the tenth embodiment, as shown in FIG. 14, the nutrient solution supply unit 4 includes a flow rate adjusting unit 42 that adjusts the nutrient solution supply amount to the water retention sheet 21. The nutrient solution 7 is dripped onto the water retention sheet 21 from the means 42, the moisture content sensor 9 is provided at the lower end of the water retention sheet 21, and the flow rate adjustment means 42 includes the electric valve 42 a and the moisture content sensor. 9 is the point which is comprised by the nutrient solution supply amount control means 42b which controls the water retention amount of the lower end part of the water retention sheet | seat 21 by automatically controlling the electric valve 42a with the signal from 9. It is different.
The moisture content sensor 9 measures the moisture content at the lower end of the water retaining sheet 21 and is provided at the lower end of the water retaining sheet 21. The amount of moisture measured by the moisture amount sensor 9 is displayed on the moisture meter 9a.
The flow rate adjusting means 42a adjusts the dripping amount of the nutrient solution 7 onto the water retention sheet 21. In this embodiment 14, the electric valve 42a and the electric valve 42a are automatically controlled by signals from the moisture amount sensor 9. Thus, there is provided nutrient solution supply amount control means 42b for controlling the water retention amount at the lower end of the water retention sheet 21 so as to become saturated.
Moreover, by providing the drain pan 9b which receives the nutrient solution 7 dripped from the water retention sheet 21 at the lower part of the vertical hydroponic cultivation cylinder 1, the nutrient when the water content at the lower end of the water retention sheet 21 exceeds the saturated state Liquid 7 can be accommodated. In addition, evaporation of the nutrient solution 7 is suppressed by storing the water retaining material 9c in the drain pan 9b.

  In the tenth embodiment, as described above, the nutrient solution supply means 4 is provided with the flow rate adjusting means 42 for adjusting the nutrient solution supply amount to the water retention sheet 21, and the nutrient solution 7 is retained by the flow rate adjusting means 42. It is comprised so that it may be dripped at the water-proof sheet 21, and it adjusts so that the water content of the lower end part of the water retention sheet 21 may not exceed the saturation amount by providing the water content sensor 9 at the lower end part of the water retention sheet 21. It is possible to install no nutrient solution collection / circulation device or install a simple object such as a saucer. Alternatively, a system in which a very small amount of nutrient solution 7 exceeding a small amount is circulated can be used.

Further, in the tenth embodiment, by providing the electric valve 42a and the nutrient solution supply amount control unit 42b as the flow rate adjusting unit 42, the electric valve 42a can be automatically controlled to automatically adjust the nutrient solution amount to an appropriate amount. it can.
Thereby, including the case where it controls by the remote operation from the outside of a cultivation house, it can adjust automatically the amount of nutrient solution without being delayed even for sudden weather and temperature fluctuations.

As shown in FIG. 15, the vertical hydroponic cultivation system of the eleventh embodiment is different from the tenth embodiment in that a manual valve 42 c is used as the flow rate adjusting means 42.
In Example 11, as described above, by using the manual valve 42c as the flow rate adjusting means 42, it is possible to manually adjust the amount of nutrient solution to an appropriate amount without particularly incurring equipment costs.

As shown in FIG. 16, the vertical hydroponic cultivation system of Example 12 is different from Examples 1 to 12 in that the thermal heater 10 is provided in contact with the water retention sheet 21. .
In Example 12, as described above, the temperature around the fine root of the plant that is in contact with the water retention sheet 21 is maintained at an appropriate temperature even in winter by providing the thermal heater 10 in contact with the water retention sheet 21. As a result, it is possible to promote the development of fine roots, greatly improve the nutrient solution absorption rate and lead to an increase in yield.

In the vertical hydroponic cultivation system of Example 13, as shown in FIGS. 17 to 20, the vertical hydroponic cultivation cylinder 1 is one or more for planting seedlings or seeds 6 of plants in at least two directions. This embodiment is different from the first to twelfth embodiments in that it includes a vertical slit 11 or a plurality of openings.
That is, as Example 1 of Example 13, as shown in FIGS. 17 and 18, by providing the slits 11 on both opposite side walls of the vertical hydroponics cylinder 1, Plant seedlings or seeds 6 can be planted on both sides.
Moreover, as Example 2 of this Example 13, as shown in FIGS. 19 and 20, the slits 11 are provided on all four side surfaces of the vertical hydroponic cultivation cylinder 1, and the water retention sheet 21 is provided in a cross shape. Thus, plant seedlings or seeds 6 can be planted on all four surfaces of the vertical hydroponic cultivation cylinder 1.
In this case, as shown in FIG. 21, the breathable materials 22 and 23 are folded in two with the lower end as the center, and the cross-shaped water retaining sheet 21 is sandwiched between the breathable materials 22 and 23.
In this Example 13, as described above, one or more vertical slits 11 or a plurality of openings for planting seedlings or seeds 6 of plants in at least two directions of the vertical hydroponic cultivation cylinder 1 are provided. By providing, the number of plant seedlings that can be cultivated in each vertical hydroponic cultivation cylinder 1 and, in turn, the production yield of plants can be greatly increased.

  Although the present embodiment has been described above, the present invention is not limited to the above-described embodiment, and design changes and the like within a scope not departing from the gist of the present invention are included in the present invention.

  For example, in the embodiment, the example in which the vertical hydroponic cultivation cylinder 1 is provided in a state of being hung from the ceiling of the house is shown, but it may be provided in a state of being erected on the floor surface.

  Moreover, in the Example, although the vertical slit 11 for planting the seedling or seed 6 of a plant was provided in one side surface of the vertical hydroponic cultivation cylinder 1, a plurality of vertical slits or a plurality of vertical openings are provided. You may make it provide.

  In addition to sunlight, artificial light such as LEDs can be used as the light source of the vertical hydroponics system or method. When using artificial light, for example, an artificial light device such as an LED is provided on the side surface of the slit 11 of the vertical hydroponics cylinder 1.

Moreover, although the example which planted a seedling or a seed was shown in the Example, you may make it plant a plant seedling with the culture medium at the time of cultivating with seeding equipment separately attached. When this method is used, for example, seeding is carried out in a urethane medium, and the trouble of root washing can be saved by sandwiching the medium while leaving the medium around each seedling. Moreover, it becomes possible to cultivate without failing the plant species that are damaged when roots are thin and are damaged.
Moreover, since water and oxygen can be reliably supplied to the plant with a small amount of nutrient solution, the plant may be planted in the state of cuttings that have not yet rooted. By using this method, seedlings can be grown in a short period of time for plant species that are slow to grow after sowing.

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Vertical hydroponics cylinder 11 Slit 2 Medium 21 Water retention sheet 21a Folded water retention sheet 21b Inclined member 22 Breathable material 23 Breathable material 3 Nutrient solution storage tank 4 Nutrient solution supply means 4a Nutrient solution supply pipe 4b Nutrient solution Drip port 4c Cock 4d Drip tube 41 Nutrient solution supply pump 42 Flow rate adjusting means 42a Electric valve 42b Nutrient solution supply amount control means 42c Manual valve 5 Nutrient solution collection means 51 Drain pan 52 Nutrient solution collection circulation pump 6 Plant seedling or seed 7 Nutrition Liquid 8 Fixing means 8a Hanging pipe 8b Hanging member 9 Moisture sensor 9a Moisture meter 9b Drain pan 9c Water retention material 10 Thermal heater

Claims (32)

A vertical hydroponic cultivation tube suspended on the ceiling of the house or standing on the floor, a medium accommodated in the vertical hydroponic cultivation cylinder in a removable manner, and a nutrient that supplies nutrient solution to the medium from the nutrient solution storage tank A vertical hydroponics system comprising a liquid supply means,
The vertical hydroponics tube comprises one or more vertical slits or a plurality of openings for planting plant seedlings or seeds in at least one direction thereof,
The medium is composed of a water-retaining sheet and a breathable material sandwiching at least both sides thereof,
A vertical hydroponics system characterized in that the nutrient solution is dripped onto the water retention sheet from the nutrient solution supply means. A vertical hydroponic cultivation tube suspended on the ceiling of the house or standing on the floor, a medium accommodated in the vertical hydroponic cultivation cylinder in a removable manner, and a nutrient that supplies nutrient solution to the medium from the nutrient solution storage tank A vertical hydroponics system comprising a liquid supply means,
The vertical hydroponic cylinder is provided with one or more vertical slits or a plurality of openings for planting seedlings or seeds of plants in at least two directions.
The medium is composed of a water-retaining sheet and a breathable material sandwiching at least both sides thereof,
A vertical hydroponics system characterized in that the nutrient solution is dripped onto the water retention sheet from the nutrient solution supply means. In the vertical hydroponic cultivation system according to claim 1 or 2,
A vertical hydroponic cultivation system comprising a fixing means for fixing the nutrient liquid drop outlet of the nutrient solution supply means so as to be positioned directly above the water retention sheet. In the vertical hydroponic cultivation system according to any one of claims 1 to 3,
A vertical hydroponic cultivation system, wherein a nutrient droplet lower end of the nutrient solution supply means touches the water retention sheet. In the vertical hydroponic cultivation system according to any one of claims 1 to 4,
A vertical hydroponic cultivation system, wherein the nutrient solution lower end of the nutrient solution supply means is sandwiched between the water retention sheet and the upper end of one breathable material. In the vertical hydroponic cultivation system according to any one of claims 1 to 5,
A vertical hydroponic cultivation system, wherein the water retention sheet has a thickness of 2 mm or more. In the vertical hydroponic cultivation system according to any one of claims 1 to 6,
A vertical hydroponic cultivation system, wherein an upper end of the water retention sheet protrudes from an upper surface of the air-permeable material. In the vertical hydroponic cultivation system according to claim 7,
A vertical hydroponic cultivation system, wherein an upper end portion of a water retention sheet protruding from an upper end of the aeration material is bent and placed on an upper surface of at least one of the aeration materials. In the vertical hydroponic cultivation system according to claim 8,
The folded water-retaining sheet is formed so as to increase in thickness as it goes to the tip thereof, so that its upper surface is formed in an inclined shape that becomes higher as it goes outward with the water-retaining sheet as the center. Type hydroponic cultivation system. In the vertical hydroponic cultivation system according to claim 8,
Vertical hydroponics characterized by comprising an inclined member having an inclined upper surface that rises toward the outside centered on the water retaining sheet on the upper surface of the breathable material on the side of the water retaining sheet that is folded at least system. In the vertical hydroponic cultivation system according to claim 8,
A vertical hydroponic cultivation system characterized in that the folded upper surface of the air-permeable material on the water-retaining sheet side is formed in an inclined shape so as to increase toward the outside centering on the water-retaining sheet. In the vertical hydroponics system according to any one of claims 1 to 11,
Collecting nutrient solution dripped from the bottom of the vertical hydroponics tube, equipped with nutrient solution collection means for collecting in the nutrient solution storage tank,
The nutrient solution recovery means includes a drain pan that recovers the nutrient solution dropped from the lower part of the vertical hydroponic cultivation cylinder, and is configured to circulate the nutrient solution recovered in the drain pan to the nutrient solution storage tank. Vertical hydroponics system. In the vertical hydroponic cultivation system according to any one of claims 1 to 12,
The nutrient solution supply means includes a flow rate adjusting means for adjusting a nutrient solution supply amount to the water retention sheet, and is configured to drop the nutrient solution from the flow rate adjustment means onto the water retention sheet.
A vertical hydroponic cultivation system comprising a moisture sensor at a lower end of the water retention sheet. In the vertical hydroponic cultivation system according to claim 13,
The flow rate adjusting means is composed of nutrient solution supply amount control means for controlling the water retention amount at the lower end portion of the water retention sheet by automatically controlling the electric valve with a signal from the electric valve and the moisture amount sensor. Characteristic vertical hydroponics system. In the vertical hydroponic cultivation system according to claim 13,
The vertical hydroponics system, wherein the flow rate adjusting means is a manual valve. In the vertical hydroponic system according to any one of claims 1 to 15,
A vertical hydroponic cultivation system comprising a thermal heater in contact with the water retention sheet. A vertical hydroponic cultivation tube suspended on the ceiling of the house or standing on the floor, a medium accommodated in the vertical hydroponic cultivation cylinder in a removable manner, and a nutrient that supplies nutrient solution to the medium from the nutrient solution storage tank Liquid supply means,
The vertical hydroponics tube comprises one or more vertical slits or a plurality of openings for planting plant seedlings or seeds in at least one direction thereof,
The medium is composed of a water retention sheet and a breathable material sandwiching at least both sides thereof,
A vertical hydroponic cultivation method, wherein a seedling or a seed of a plant is grown with the nutrient solution supplied to the water retention sheet by dropping the nutrient solution onto the water retention sheet from the nutrient solution supply means. A vertical hydroponic cultivation tube suspended on the ceiling of the house or standing on the floor, a medium accommodated in the vertical hydroponic cultivation cylinder in a removable manner, and a nutrient that supplies nutrient solution to the medium from the nutrient solution storage tank A vertical hydroponics method comprising a liquid supply means,
The vertical hydroponic cylinder is provided with one or more vertical slits or a plurality of openings for planting seedlings or seeds of plants in at least two directions.
The medium is composed of a water retention sheet and a breathable material sandwiching at least both sides thereof,
A vertical hydroponic cultivation method, wherein a seedling or a seed of a plant is grown with the nutrient solution supplied to the water retention sheet by dropping the nutrient solution onto the water retention sheet from the nutrient solution supply means. In the vertical hydroponics method according to claim 17 or 18,
A vertical hydroponic cultivation method comprising: a fixing means for fixing the nutrient liquid drop outlet of the nutrient solution supply means so as to be positioned immediately above the water retention sheet. In the vertical hydroponic cultivation method according to any one of claims 17 to 19,
A vertical hydroponics method, characterized in that a nutrient solution lower end of the nutrient solution supply means is brought into contact with the water retention sheet. In the vertical hydroponics method according to any one of claims 17 to 20,
A vertical hydroponic cultivation method, characterized in that a nutrient droplet lower end of the nutrient solution supply means is sandwiched between upper ends of the water-holding sheet and one breathable material. In the vertical hydroponic cultivation method according to any one of claims 17 to 21,
A vertical hydroponics method, wherein the water-retaining sheet has a thickness of 2 mm or more. In the vertical hydroponic cultivation method according to any one of claims 17 to 22,
A vertical hydroponic cultivation method, wherein an upper end of the water-holding sheet is protruded from an upper surface of the air-permeable material. The vertical hydroponics method according to claim 23,
The upper end portion of the water retaining sheet protruding from the upper end of the breathable material is folded and placed on the upper surface of at least one breathable material,
A vertical hydroponics method characterized in that the nutrient solution is dropped from the nutrient solution supply means onto a water-retaining sheet folded and placed. The vertical hydroponics method according to claim 24,
The folded water-retaining sheet is formed into a slanted shape in which the upper surface of the folded water-retaining sheet increases in thickness as it goes to the outside, with the thickness increasing toward the tip. Cultivation method. The vertical hydroponics method according to claim 24,
A vertical hydroponic cultivation method comprising: an inclined member having an inclined upper surface that increases as it goes outward with the water retentive sheet as a center on the upper surface of the breathable material on the side of the water retentive sheet folded at least. The vertical hydroponics method according to claim 24,
A vertical hydroponic cultivation method, wherein the upper surface of the folded breathable material on the water-retaining sheet side is formed in an inclined shape that increases as it goes outward with the water-retaining sheet as a center. The vertical hydroponics method according to any one of claims 17 to 27,
Collecting nutrient solution dripped from the bottom of the vertical hydroponics tube, equipped with nutrient solution collection means for collecting in the nutrient solution storage tank,
The nutrient solution recovery means includes a drain pan that recovers the nutrient solution dropped from the lower part of the vertical hydroponic cultivation cylinder, and is configured to circulate the nutrient solution recovered in the drain pan to the nutrient solution storage tank. A vertical hydroponics method. In the vertical hydroponics method according to any one of claims 17 to 28,
The nutrient solution supply means includes a flow rate adjusting means for adjusting a nutrient solution supply amount to the water retention sheet, and is configured to drop the nutrient solution from the flow rate adjustment means onto the water retention sheet.
A vertical hydroponics method comprising a moisture sensor at a lower end of the water retention sheet. The vertical hydroponic cultivation method according to claim 29,
The flow rate adjusting means comprises a nutrient solution supply amount control means for controlling the water retention amount at the lower end portion of the water retention sheet by automatically controlling the electric valve with a signal from the electric valve and the moisture amount sensor. Vertical hydroponics method. The vertical hydroponic cultivation method according to claim 29,
A vertical hydroponics method characterized in that the flow rate adjusting means is constituted by a manual valve. The vertical hydroponics method according to any one of claims 17 to 31,
A vertical hydroponics method comprising a thermal heater in contact with the water retention sheet.

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