JPS61158726A - Three-dimensional hydroponioc method and floor - Google Patents

Abstract

(57) [Summary] This bulletin contains application data before electronic filing, so abstract data is not recorded.

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION [Field of the Invention] The present invention relates to a three-dimensional hydroponic cultivation method and a three-dimensional hydroponic cultivation bed suitable for carrying out this cultivation method.

[Background of the Invention and Prior Art] In recent years, hydroponic cultivation has been used to replace the traditional methods of cultivating crops using soil, such as Japanese cabbage, green onions, watercress, celery, Chinese vegetables, tomatoes, and cucumbers. It is increasingly being cultivated.

Hydroponic cultivation basically involves pouring an aqueous solution (nutrient solution) containing nutrients suitable for the crops to be cultivated into a water channel called a bed, which has a concave cross section, and planting crops in this nutrient solution. A method in which a synthetic resin foam panel (planting panel) such as expanded polyurethane with holes is floated, food is planted in the crop planting holes of this planting panel, and the food is grown by flowing nutrient water appropriately with a water pump. be.

Compared to traditional soil cultivation methods, hydroponic cultivation has the following advantages: a) The nutrient solution contains nutrients and oxygen in amounts suitable for plants, resulting in stable crop quality and faster growth. Fast; 口) Usually, hydroponic cultivation is carried out in a greenhouse, so the number of harvests per year is high; Diseases are less likely to occur, so pesticides can be sprayed less frequently, and continuous cropping is also possible; and 2) Hydroponic cultivation essentially does not use soil, so soil does not stick to the roots. It has the advantage of being able to harvest and ship crops as is, reducing the labor involved in harvesting and shipping, and is considered to be an extremely superior cultivation method compared to conventional soil cultivation. I can say it.

[Problems with the prior art] However, although hydroponic cultivation is an effective cultivation method for the above-mentioned leafy vegetables, it is not suitable for crops such as wasabi where rhizome growth is important, in other words, rhizomes. When cultivating plants that have commercial value, there is a problem in that only the leaves grow and the rhizomes do not grow effectively.

As described above, even if conventional hydroponic cultivation beds were used, crops such as wasabi, whose rhizomes have commercial value, could not be effectively cultivated.

Furthermore, since conventional hydroponic cultivation is generally carried out by placing water channels on top of the soil in a greenhouse, the amount of crops planted per unit area is smaller than that of soil cultivation. The yield is almost the same as in the case of open field cultivation), and if we look only at the yield of − times,
There is not much difference from open field cultivation, and therefore the cost of the crop may be higher.

As a hydroponic cultivation method that makes effective use of the cultivation area, attempts have been made to use multiple levels of water flow grooves, but in practice the number of water flow grooves is limited to two or three levels; Increasing the number of tiers may result in insufficient lighting,
In such cases, special lighting equipment is required. Additionally, attempts have been made to grow vine-like plants such as Japanese velvet to increase the amount of cultivation per unit area by extending the vines vertically, but this method is only effective for crops that grow in a vine-like manner. Therefore, it cannot be applied to leafy vegetable crops.

[Object of the invention] The present invention is characterized by providing a novel three-dimensional hydroponic cultivation method and a three-dimensional hydroponic cultivation bed suitable for carrying out this cultivation method. The purpose of the present invention is to provide a three-dimensional hydroponic cultivation method that makes it possible to effectively grow rhizome crops, which was previously impossible, and a hydroponic cultivation bed for use in this method.

A further object of the present invention is to provide a three-dimensional hydroponic cultivation method that can increase the amount of cultivation per unit area, and a hydroponic cultivation bed used in this method.

[Summary of the Invention] The present invention involves planting crops at two or more different height positions of a water-insoluble porous structure, and flowing nutrient-containing water from the upper part to the lower part of the porous structure. The present invention provides a three-dimensional hydroponic cultivation method characterized in that the crops are cultivated using

Furthermore, the present invention provides a cylindrical body having crop planting holes at two or more positions at different heights, which is suitable for carrying out the above three-dimensional hydroponic cultivation method, and is filled with a water-insoluble porous structure. We also provide three-dimensional hydroponic cultivation beds.

In particular, the three-dimensional hydroponic cultivation method of the present invention is suitable for the cultivation of wasabi.

[Effects of the Invention] The three-dimensional hydroponic cultivation method of the present invention has all the advantages of conventional hydroponic cultivation, and at the same time can effectively cultivate leafy vegetables that have been conventionally cultivated hydroponically. Of course, it is also possible to effectively cultivate rhizome crops such as wasabi, which could not be effectively cultivated using conventional artificial hydroponic cultivation beds.

Furthermore, by carrying out the hydroponic cultivation method using the three-dimensional hydroponic cultivation bed of the present invention, since the cultivation bed is structured three-dimensionally, space can be used effectively, and cultivation can be carried out per unit area. The amount increases dramatically. Furthermore, crop management and harvesting can be carried out mainly while standing, and work efficiency is very good.

In addition, by using a porous structure, especially a filler containing a water-insoluble fibrous material, nutrients and oxygen suitable for crops can be maintained by inflowing a small amount of nutrient water, and the nutrient water used can be maintained. It is possible to make the water flow motor etc. smaller.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION The present invention will now be described in more detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.

In the three-dimensional hydroponic cultivation method of the present invention, crops are first planted at two or more positions of a water-insoluble porous structure having different heights.

A water-insoluble porous structure is a structure composed of an inorganic or organic material that does not dissolve in water under normal conditions. Therefore, as long as the structure itself is porous, the members constituting the structure need not be particularly porous, and various materials can be used. Examples of the members constituting the structure include fillers containing water-insoluble fibrous bodies and fillers containing water-insoluble granules.

Particularly preferred are fillers containing water-insoluble fibrous materials. Examples of fillers containing water-insoluble fibrous materials include those whose main component is water-insoluble fibrous materials such as rock wool, glass wool, and synthetic resin fibers. In addition, synthetic resin particles (
Fillers containing organic components such as pellets (small pieces) or synthetic resin foam particles (small pieces) and/or inorganic components such as small stones or Cirrus balloons can be mentioned. For example, when rock wool is used as the water-insoluble fibrous material, its content is usually 5% of the filler.
It is 0% by weight or more, preferably 80% by weight or more. Further, the filler may be substantially composed of a water-insoluble fibrous material such as rock wool.6 In the present invention, it is preferable to use a filler containing rock wool. Since it has good water retention and contains an appropriate amount of air, crops can grow well by using it. When using rock wool, there are no particular restrictions on the type, shape, etc. of rock wool, and ordinary rock wool can be used.

Preferably, such a porous structure is filled into a cylindrical body having a plurality of crop planting holes.

FIG. 1 is a diagram schematically showing an example of a cylindrical bed that is a preferred embodiment of a three-dimensional hydroponic cultivation bed that can be used in the three-dimensional hydroponic cultivation method of the present invention.

When using a cylindrical body, there is no particular restriction on the shape of its cross section, and those with a circular, polygonal, or elliptical cross section can be used. In FIG. 1, the cylindrical body is designated at 1.

The cylindrical portion 4 of the cylindrical body 1 is normally filled with a filling material 5, and a plurality of crop planting holes 2 are provided in the side wall of the cylindrical body 1 at different heights.

However, the filling material is not limited to being filled into a cylindrical body having the above-mentioned form. For example, if a crop planting hole is attached to a flat side wall, at least one crop Filling a space formed by a flat side wall having a planting hole (hereinafter sometimes simply referred to as a "flat planting side wall") and a flat wall (preferably two flat planting side walls) with a filling material. I can also do things.

In the cultivation method of the present invention, crops are planted in two or more positions of a porous structure as described above that are different from each other in height.

For example, when using a cylindrical body filled with filler as shown in FIG. 1, crops are planted in a plurality of crop planting holes 2 provided in the side wall of the cylindrical body 1.

When planting crops, it is possible to directly plant them as seeds in crop planting holes, but it is preferable to germinate them in a separate nursery bed and then plant them. For example, in the case of wasabi, it is generally planted when it grows to about 5 to 15 cm, that is, when it has three leaves.

Crop planting hole 2 is 10 cm or more larger than the normal capacity crop planting hole.
The spacing is preferably 15 cm or more, particularly preferably 20 cm or more. Further, the size of the crop planting hole can be appropriately set depending on the type of crop to be cultivated. For example, when cultivating wasabi, wasabi seedlings are usually planted to a diameter of 1 to 10 cm, preferably about 2 to 5 cm, taking into account the time and workability during harvest. For example, if you want to germinate Japanese beetroot, lettuce, Japanese radish, watercress, etc. on small pieces of synthetic resin foam such as foamed polyurethane in a separate nursery bed and then plant them, the seeds should be grown in a size that corresponds to the size of the small piece. Can be set.

It is preferable that a planted crop support member 3 is attached to the lower part of the crop planting hole 2 of the cylindrical body 1 so as to protrude outward. By attaching the support member in this manner, the crops can be protected, the crops will not sag downward due to their own weight, and the outflow of the nutrient solution from the planting hole can also be prevented.

In addition, as a material which comprises the cylindrical body 1 and the crop support member 3, synthetic resins, such as vinyl chloride, and metals, such as stainless steel, can be mentioned generally. In particular, it is preferable to use synthetic resin such as vinyl chloride. Synthetic resins are preferred because they are easy to process and do not cause corrosion even when used for long periods of time.

When a cylindrical body such as the one described above is filled with a filler, the amount of filler can be appropriately determined depending on the type of crop to be cultivated or the bulk density of the filler.

For example, when rock wool is used as a filler, about 150 to 300 kg of rock wool is filled per lrn'.

In addition, it is preferable to attach a net (not shown) or the like to the lower part of the space constituted by the planting side wall or the like to prevent the filling material 5 from falling off.

The size of a three-dimensional hydroponic cultivation bed is generally 30 cm in height.
m to about 3 m, preferably about 50 cm to 1.5 m. When using a cylindrical body, its diameter is generally about 5 cm to 1 m, preferably 10 to 30 cm,
Use something about m.

When flat plates are used, generally two flat plates are arranged with an interval of 5 to 50 cm, and the gap is filled with a filler. In this case, the length is
It can be selected appropriately depending on the size of the greenhouse.

In the three-dimensional hydroponic cultivation method of the present invention, after planting crops in a water-insoluble porous structure as described above, the planted crops are grown by flowing nutrient-containing water from the upper part to the lower part of this porous structure. Cultivate.

FIG. 2 is a diagram schematically showing an example of an apparatus in which a plurality of three-dimensional hydroponic cultivation beds are arranged.

In the three-dimensional hydroponic cultivation method of the present invention, for example, as shown in FIG. Water supply pipe 1 placed above the three-dimensional hydroponic cultivation bed 16
Nutrient-containing water (nutrient water) is introduced from the top of the filler of the cultivation bed from 7 and lowered through the filler to cultivate the crops 22.

The nutrient water supplied from the supply port 18 of the nutrient water supply pipe 17 is sent, for example, by a water pump 20 or the like. The inflow amount of nutrient water is usually adjusted by a valve 21 installed at the supply port of the nutrient water supply pipe.

Usually, the feed rate of the nutrient solution is 0.1 to 10 sentences/hour.

The seedlings planted in this way grow effectively by absorbing nutrients, oxygen, and water in the nutrient water flowing from above to below within the porous structure. In particular, by using a filler containing a fibrous material such as rock wool, nutrient water can permeate throughout the filler, resulting in a similar effect to that of a seedbed in a wasabi field, for example. It is assumed that wasabi rhizomes, which did not grow using conventional methods, can also grow effectively. Furthermore, by using the above-mentioned filler, a sufficient amount of oxygen can be supplied, and the nutrient water contains suitable nutrients. The development period of rhizomes is shortened to about seven months.

In addition, the nutrient water supplied from the upper part of the cultivation bed, flowing through the filling material of the cultivation bed, and discharged from the lower part may be discharged as is; It is collected in the groove 23 and used for circulation. In addition, it is desirable that the nutrient water be used in circulation while adjusting the nutrient level and pH value as appropriate depending on the crop.

Although the present invention has been described above with particular emphasis on wasabi, the present invention is not limited thereto, and includes Japanese radish, Japanese radish, green onion, watercress, and tomato, which are usually grown hydroponically.
It can also be used to grow cucumber and Chinese vegetable crops.

Next, Examples and Comparative Examples of the present invention will be shown.

[Example 1] Rock wool (manufactured by Nittobo Co., Ltd.) was rolled up into a size of 1 to 3 cm in a vinyl chloride cylindrical body with a diameter of 15 cm and a height of 130 cm and a vinyl chloride net attached to the bottom. Filled with 5kg of stuff. This cylindrical body is connected to other crop planting holes.
A total of 18 crop planting holes with a diameter of 5 cm spaced at m intervals.
The bottom of each crop planting hole has a length of 7 mm.
A cm planted crop support is attached.

Wasabi seedlings, which had been germinated in a separate nursery bed and had grown to about 10 cm, were planted in the crop planting holes of this three-dimensional hydroponic cultivation bed. Then, a nutrient solution having the following composition was supplied in an amount of about 1.01/hour from a nutrient water supply pipe attached to the upper part of this three-dimensional hydroponic culture bed. The nutrient water flowing out from the lower part of the three-dimensional hydroponic culture bed was collected in a water flow groove attached to the lower part, and was circulated using a water pump while automatically adjusting the components.

Solution composition Fertilizer used: Manufactured by Ni-Otsuka Chemical, No. 1, No. 2 fertilizer Fertilizer concentration: 2
．． OmΩ/cm (automatic adjustment) pH value: 5.5 (automatic adjustment) The above water cultivation of wasabi was carried out in a vinyl greenhouse controlled at a temperature of approximately 18 to 200C and a water temperature of approximately 18°C.

After planting, the wasabi leaves grew to about 30 cm within a month of fishing. When I pulled it out, I found that a wasabi rhizome with a diameter of about 2 cm and a length of 5 cm had grown inside the rock wool.

[Comparative Example 1] Using a conventionally used hydroponic cultivation bed in which floating planting panels of foamed polyurethane were placed in the water flow groove, Example 1 was grown.
Wasabi seedlings grown in the same manner as above were planted. Seven months later, the leaves had grown to about 30 cm, and when they were pulled out and observed, whisker-like roots had developed, but thick wasabi rhizomes were not observed.

[Brief explanation of the drawing]

FIG. 1 is a diagram schematically showing an example of a cylindrical bed that is a preferred embodiment of a three-dimensional hydroponic cultivation bed that can be used in the three-dimensional hydroponic cultivation method of the present invention. FIG. 2 is a diagram schematically showing an example of an apparatus for cultivating crops by arranging a plurality of three-dimensional hydroponic cultivation beds according to the present invention. 1: Cylindrical body, 2: Crop planting hole, 3: Crop support member, 4:
Cylindrical part, 5: Filling material, 1: Cylindrical body, 12: Crop planting hole, 16: Three-dimensional hydroponic cultivation bed, 17: Water supply pipe, 18: (Water cultivation) supply port, 20
: Water flow pump, 21: Valve, 22 Two water flow grooves

Claims (1)

[Claims] 1. By planting crops at two or more different positions of a water-insoluble porous structure, and flowing nutrient-containing water from the upper part to the lower part of the porous structure. A three-dimensional hydroponic cultivation method characterized by cultivating the crop. 2. The three-dimensional hydroponic cultivation method according to claim 1, wherein the porous structure is made of a filler containing a water-insoluble fibrous material. 3. The three-dimensional hydroponic cultivation method according to claim 2, wherein the filler is filled in a cylindrical body having a plurality of crop planting holes. 4. The three-dimensional hydroponic cultivation method according to claim 2, wherein the filler is rock wool. 5. The three-dimensional hydroponic cultivation method according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the crop is wasabi. 6. A three-dimensional hydroponic cultivation bed comprising a cylindrical body having crop planting holes at two or more positions at different heights and filled with a water-insoluble porous structure. 7. The three-dimensional hydroponic cultivation bed according to claim 6, wherein the porous structure is made of a filler containing a water-insoluble fibrous material. 8. The three-dimensional hydroponic cultivation bed according to claim 7, wherein the fibrous material contains rock wool. 9. The three-dimensional hydroponic cultivation bed according to claim 6, wherein a planted crop support member is attached to the lower part of the crop planting hole of the cylindrical body so as to protrude outward. 10. The three-dimensional hydroponic cultivation bed according to any one of claims 6 to 9, wherein the crop to be planted in the crop planting hole is wasabi.