CN109302931A - The suspension type long shoot fruit-bearing shoot cluster and cultural method of one planting fruit-trees single update - Google Patents
The suspension type long shoot fruit-bearing shoot cluster and cultural method of one planting fruit-trees single update Download PDFInfo
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- CN109302931A CN109302931A CN201811115150.1A CN201811115150A CN109302931A CN 109302931 A CN109302931 A CN 109302931A CN 201811115150 A CN201811115150 A CN 201811115150A CN 109302931 A CN109302931 A CN 109302931A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G17/00—Cultivation of hops, vines, fruit trees, or like trees
- A01G17/005—Cultivation methods
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G7/00—Botany in general
- A01G7/06—Treatment of growing trees or plants, e.g. for preventing decay of wood, for tingeing flowers or wood, for prolonging the life of plants
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Abstract
The suspension type long shoot fruit-bearing shoot cluster and cultural method updated the invention discloses a planting fruit-trees single, including after extended to form from skeleton branch and fruiting by branch leading portion stress flexure suspensions, the spare branch of result for the second annual bearing that the arch top of the sagging long fruitful branch of shoot tip and branch base curve occurs.Cultural method simplifies trim mode in the present invention, utilize its biological characteristics, clearly functional configuration has been carried out to branch, the generation of inefficient branch and invalid branch has been drastically reduced, improves the ratio of effective branch and efficient branch, greatly simplify trimming, material and labour cost are drastically reduced, the utilization rate of nutrient and sunlight is improved, continues harvesting high-quality high-yield, in cycles, benign cycle is formed.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to technical field of agricultural cultivation, the suspension type long shoot fruit-bearing shoot clusters of an especially planting fruit-trees single update
And cultural method.
Background technique
Fruit-bearing shoot cluster, be it is raw on skeleton branches at different levels, have the sprig group of branch more than twice, it is to constitute tree crown, leaf
The basic unit of curtain and result.The fruit-bearing shoot cluster of fruit tree be tree management important composition part, be guarantee fruit tree high and stable yield,
Good basic unit, keeping healthy and strong fruit-bearing shoot cluster is the basic goal of fruit tree shaping trimming.Fruit-bearing shoot cluster because branch difference,
Have different types, such as by taking pear tree as an example, according to the number of its upper branch, can be divided into large-scale branch group (16 with upper branch), in
Type branch gives (6-15 branch) and small branch group (2-5 branch)；Branch refers to annual shoot mitogenetic in branch group.
There are many cultural methods of fruit-bearing shoot cluster for mesh, for example golden mean of the Confucian school branch first puts retraction method, middle long fruit branch first puts retraction method
Branch is educated with medium-length hair continuously delay and put or cutting back cultivation etc., achieve certain effect.But traditional cultivation of fruit tree branch group, as a result
Branch and spare branch function are obscured, it is difficult to accomplish positioning budding, be directed out branch, can not limit out branch quantity.
Summary of the invention
In order to solve the above technical problems, the present invention provide a planting fruit-trees single update suspension type long shoot fruit-bearing shoot cluster and
Cultural method has carried out clearly functional configuration to branch in branch group, drastically reduces a large amount of caused by branch anomic division of labor
Invalid branch and inefficient branch, increase plant recovery of nutrient and validity, have been greatly improved to quality and yield, optimize orchard sun
Distribution of the light between branches and leaves, simplifies the complexity of trimming, reduces the amount of labour used of trimming, for fruit growth and continues high-quality rich
It produces and provides more suitable environment, at low cost, high efficiency, one-pass molding uses for many years, and maintenance cost is cheap.
The suspension type long shoot fruit-bearing shoot cluster of a planting fruit-trees single update of the above technical problem, including main stem branch are solved,
Be characterized in that: the fruit-bearing shoot cluster includes upper and lower layered structure, and understructure is bearing basal shoot, for as a result, superstructure is
Nutrition branch, spare fruitful branch of the shoot and leaf growth as second year, superstructure and understructure are boundary with main stem branch.
Entire branch group is divided into two big structure divisions in the present invention, when the sagging bearing basal shoot of annual bearing, positioning budding
It is directed out the upward of branch or standby fruitful branch obliquely, traditional fruit shape is avoided and is difficult to control branch position, goes out branch
The drawbacks of direction and out branch quantity, avoid since branch function confusion is unintelligible, largely occur it is thin and delicate, dislocation, direction is disorderly
Random inefficient branch and invalid branch, increases the difficulty and workload of trimming, wastes a large amount of nutrition, avoid keeping quality and yield low
Under, uniformity is low, and is difficult to continual and steady harvesting high-quality high-yield.
The bearing basal shoot and spare fruitful branch are single.
The bearing basal shoot is sagging, and spare fruitful branch is upward or grows obliquely.
The bearing basal shoot hanging portion length is 50-350 centimetres.
Bearing basal shoot end 0-100 centimetres of height from the ground, liftoff 5-100 centimetres of end in prioritization scheme.
Fruitful branch is responsible for the function of result, since shoot tip is draped down, grown after fruitful branch result it is not empty prosperous, no longer
The nutrient growth of pinching control branch is needed repeatedly, nutrient, which is concentrated, to be used for as a result, setting fruit position is uniformly distributed, from projecting long knot
Fruit branch base portion is to tip, fruit size straight uniform, three-dimensional as a result, make full use of sunlight, forms high yield and high-quality.
The cultural method of the winged suspension type long shoot fruit-bearing shoot cluster of single, one of present invention fruit tree update, including following step
It is rapid:
(1) the strong long shoot occurred in major branch main stem is allowed to grow or draw the spare long shoot of result for forming second year；
Long fruitful branch is formed with the long the Nature of fruit is gradually sagging after the extension of backbone branch.
(2) fixed bearing basal shoot base portion, gradually increases with Fruit weight after allowing it to yield positive results, is gradually draped down
It is projecting；
(3) the spare bearing basal shoot of time annual bearing is cultivated at the sagging bearing basal shoot bending vault of same root result；
Budding is positioned at fruitful branch base curve vault, is directed out the spare fruitful branch of branch；
Go out healthy and strong bud and long shoot due to positioning curved vault director, naturally forms positioning budding, fixed number and be directed out
Branch forms the excellent spare fruitful branch of second year, forms the sparse leaf curtain layer in upper layer, moderately shades to the fruit of lower layer, fruitful branch
Upper end forms leaf curtain layer, reduces the damage burnt to fruit day, produces sunlight fruit without bagging, reduces production cost, due to
Upper layer is sunny, and nutrient concentration does not waste, and as a result spare branch stalwartness is enriched, bud satiation, and next year pollination is good, fruit-setting rate
Height, fruit size are uniform.After fruit harvesting, single update directly cuts bearing basal shoot from branch base curve, leaves current year
The spare branch of the result grown.
(4) whole bearing basal shoot is wiped out after fruit harvesting, leaves spare bearing basal shoot；
(5) gradually sagging with Fruit weight increase after spare bearing basal shoot is yielded positive results, formation bearing basal shoot, then according to
Step (4) are arrived in secondary repeat step (2).
The fixed bearing basal shoot base portion of liftoff 180-300 centimeters in the step (2).
The main stem branch is highly 50-400cm from the ground.
The spare female branch of result is the spare female branch of long result in the step (3).
The spare bearing basal shoot left after trimming is gradually sagging with Fruit weight increase after yielding positive results, in base portion shape
At curved vault, strong bearing basal shoot is sprouted thereon, and building descending branch is as a result, branch growth forms next year spare result upwards
The branch group of female branch is only responsible for form descending branch as a result, branch is only responsible for the kilter of growth upwards, in cycles, jointly
Form the suspension type branch fruit-bearing shoot cluster of single update.
Branch function is clearly distributed again by five steps in the present invention, bearing basal shoot it is special as a result,
The a large amount of inefficient invalid branch of branch, which no longer occurs, to be caused to waste nutrient, while promoting positioning budding to quantify branch at specified place,
Nutrition is set to concentrate on effective fruitful branch and spare fruitful branch.
Having the beneficial effect that in the present invention
(1) make nutrient growth and reproductive growth clear function, continue equilibrium no longer disorder；
(2) invalid and inefficient branches and leaves quantity is drastically reduced, nutrient availability is improved, improves output capacity, is created
The excellent condition of lasting harvesting high-quality high-yield is made；
(3) trimming difficulty is reduced, pruning rate is reduced, improves labor efficiency, is reduced costs；
(4) materials'use amount for reducing frame material, reduces costs.
(5) fruitful branch is sagging, convenient for harvesting, improves the labor efficiency of harvesting, reduces harvesting expense.
(6) three-dimensional result and three-dimensional branches and leaves layout are formed, sunlight distribution is optimized, improves illumination utilization rate.
(7) leaf curtain in upper layer provides the shade rate of appropriateness, reduces the risk that fruit burns by day.
(8) condition is provided for later mechanized harvesting and mechanization trimming.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1-Fig. 5 is the diagrammatic cross-section in the method for the present invention
Wherein identify specifically:
A. main stem branch, the spare fruitful branch of b., c. bearing basal shoot, the spare fruitful branch of d., e., which has been adopted, to be needed to trim after fruit
Fruitful branch, f. bearing basal shoot
Specific embodiment
Cultural method of the invention is described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawing, but protection scope of the present invention is not limited to
It is as described below.
Embodiment 1
The suspension type long shoot fruit-bearing shoot cluster of one planting fruit-trees single update, including main stem branch and upper and lower layered structure, lower layer's knot
Structure is bearing basal shoot, is used for as a result, superstructure is nutrition branch, spare fruitful branch of the shoot and leaf growth as second year, upper layer knot
Structure and understructure are boundary with main stem branch.
Main stem branch is highly 50cm from the ground, and highly 0 centimetre from the ground of bearing basal shoot branch end, bearing basal shoot hanging portion is long
Degree is 50 centimetres.
Entire branch group is divided into two big structure divisions, and when the sagging bearing basal shoot of annual bearing, positioning budding is directed out branch
Upward or obliquely standby fruitful branch, avoid traditional fruit shape and be difficult to control branch position, go out branch direction and go out
The drawbacks of branch quantity, avoid since branch function confusion is unintelligible, largely occur it is thin and delicate, dislocation, direction disorder it is inefficient
Branch and invalid branch, increase the difficulty and workload of trimming, waste a large amount of nutrition, avoid keeping quality and yield low, neatly
It spends low, and is difficult to continual and steady harvesting high-quality high-yield.
Embodiment 2
The suspension type long shoot fruit-bearing shoot cluster of one planting fruit-trees single update, including main stem branch and upper and lower layered structure, lower layer's knot
Structure is bearing basal shoot, is used for as a result, superstructure is nutrition branch, spare fruitful branch of the shoot and leaf growth as second year, upper layer knot
Structure and understructure are boundary with main stem branch.Bearing basal shoot and spare fruitful branch are single, and bearing basal shoot is sagging, spare fruitful branch
It grows upwards or obliquely.
The suspension type long shoot fruit-bearing shoot cluster of single, fruit tree update, with the increase of growth year, skeleton branch rugosity increases, branch
Support effect increases, and reduces the weight bearing of bracket.
Main stem branch is highly 400 centimetres from the ground, and highly 100 centimetres from the ground of bearing basal shoot branch end, bearing basal shoot is sagging
Partial-length is 350 centimetres.
Embodiment 3
Content in other contents such as embodiment 2, wherein main stem branch from the ground highly be 200 centimetres, bearing basal shoot branch end from
50 centimetres of ground level, bearing basal shoot hanging portion length is 200 centimetres.
Embodiment 4
The cultural method of the winged suspension type long shoot fruit-bearing shoot cluster of one planting fruit-trees single update, comprising the following steps:
(1) the strong long shoot occurred in major branch main stem is allowed to grow or draw the spare long shoot of result for forming second year；
Long fruitful branch is formed with the long the Nature of fruit is gradually sagging after the extension of backbone branch.
(2) fixed bearing basal shoot base portion, gradually increases with Fruit weight after allowing it to yield positive results, is gradually draped down
It is projecting；
(3) the spare bearing basal shoot of time annual bearing is cultivated at the sagging bearing basal shoot bending vault of same root result；
Budding is positioned at fruitful branch base curve vault, is directed out the spare fruitful branch of branch；
(4) whole bearing basal shoot is wiped out after fruit harvesting, leaves spare bearing basal shoot；
(5) gradually sagging with Fruit weight increase after spare bearing basal shoot is yielded positive results, formation bearing basal shoot, then according to
Step (4) are arrived in secondary repeat step (2).The fixed bearing basal shoot base portion of liftoff 180-300 centimeters in step (2), main stem branch is liftoff
Face height is 300cm.80 centimetres of height, bearing basal shoot hanging portion length are 150 centimetres from the ground at bearing basal shoot branch end.
Embodiment 5
As shown, the suspension type long shoot fruit-bearing shoot cluster cultural method of a planting fruit-trees single update, by main stem in Fig. 1 (branch)
The strong long shoot occurred on a is allowed to grow or draws the spare result long shoot b for forming second year, with fruit after the second annual bearing
Long the Nature gradually sagging bearing basal shoot c become in Fig. 2, while culture such as in Fig. 3 times at the bending vault of bearing basal shoot c
The spare result long shoot d of the length of annual bearing, wipes out the e in whole bearing basal shoot such as Fig. 4 after fruit picking, leaves the spare long shoot of result
Such as the d in Fig. 4, as a result spare long shoot is after next year fruiting with the long the Nature of fruit gradually sagging bearing basal shoot become in Fig. 5
F is only responsible for form descending branch as a result, the kilter that branch is only responsible for growth upwards collectively constitutes Dan Zhigeng in cycles
New suspension type branch fruit-bearing shoot cluster.
Main stem (branch) a is apart from 100 centimetres of ground level range, apart from 30 centimetres of ground level after bearing basal shoot c, f is sagging,
Entire 100 centimetres of length of fruit-bearing shoot cluster hanging portion.
Increase of the branch group of cultural method culture of the present invention with growth year, the increase of skeleton branch rugosity, supporting role increase
Add, reduces the weight bearing of bracket.
Sagging fruit-bearing shoot cluster, it is therefore prevented that the undue growth of branch makes nutrient more concentrate on to form high-quality and high yield
Amount decreases pinching control long difficulty and the amount of labour used and is drastically reduced the workload of bondage due to the decline of position, adopted
It receives more convenient, improves labor efficiency, save labour, also lay the foundation for later mechanized harvesting and mechanization trimming.
Since fruitful branch is sagging, base curve forms high-order advantage, and standby fruitful branch is sprouted from there, the sun of top abundance
Light makes branch robust growth, forms the standby fruitful branch of healthy and strong length, keeps fruitful branch position controllable, and direction is controllable, controllable quantity,
Part sunlight also has been blocked for fruitful branch simultaneously, concealment effect is provided, avoids fruit in the megathermal period, because of sunburst and height
The phenomenon that damage that warm water shortage causes fruit tree to be wilted, day burns.
Test one
If experimental group and control group, by taking fruit tree Red Male as an example, methods and results in the experimental group present invention, control group routine
Conventional method culture, the comparison of fruiting quantities, quality parameter etc. such as Tables 1 and 2:
1 result effect of table
The effective branch effect of table 2
From the above table as can be seen that no matter result quantities, quality, or effectively branch growth situation, using the present invention
Middle method all achieves extraordinary effect.
A specific embodiment of the invention above described embodiment only expresses, the description thereof is more specific and detailed, but simultaneously
Limitations on the scope of the patent of the present invention therefore cannot be interpreted as.It should be pointed out that for those of ordinary skill in the art
For, without departing from the inventive concept of the premise, various modifications and improvements can be made, these belong to guarantor of the invention
Shield range has been shown and described above basic principles and main features and advantages of the present invention of the invention, above-described embodiment and
It is merely illustrated the principles of the invention described in specification, without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention, the present invention is also
It will have various changes and improvements, these changes and improvements are fallen in scope of the claimed invention.The present invention claims guarantors
The range of shield is defined by the appending claims and its equivalent thereof.
Claims (9)
1. the suspension type long shoot fruit-bearing shoot cluster of a planting fruit-trees single update, including main stem branch, it is characterised in that: the fruit-bearing shoot cluster
Including upper and lower layered structure, understructure is bearing basal shoot, is used for as a result, superstructure is nutrition branch, shoot and leaf growth is as the
2 years spare fruitful branches, superstructure and understructure are boundary with main stem branch.
2. the suspension type long shoot fruit-bearing shoot cluster of a planting fruit-trees single update according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: described
Bearing basal shoot and spare fruitful branch are single.
3. the suspension type long shoot fruit-bearing shoot cluster of a planting fruit-trees single update according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: described
Bearing basal shoot is sagging, and spare fruitful branch is grown up.
4. the suspension type long shoot fruit-bearing shoot cluster of a planting fruit-trees single update according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: described
Bearing basal shoot hanging portion length is 50-350 centimetres.
5. the suspension type long shoot fruit-bearing shoot cluster of a planting fruit-trees single update according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: described
Bearing basal shoot end 0-100 centimetres of height from the ground, liftoff 5-100 centimetres of end in prioritization scheme.
6. the cultural method of the suspension type long shoot fruit-bearing shoot cluster of a planting fruit-trees single update according to claim 1, special
Sign is: the following steps are included:
(1) the strong long shoot occurred in major branch main stem is allowed to grow or draw the spare long shoot of result for forming second year；
(2) fixed bearing basal shoot base portion, gradually increases with Fruit weight after allowing it to yield positive results, is gradually draped down down
It hangs；
(3) the spare bearing basal shoot of time annual bearing is cultivated at the sagging bearing basal shoot bending vault of same root result；
(4) whole bearing basal shoot is wiped out after fruit harvesting, leaves spare bearing basal shoot；
(5) gradually sagging with Fruit weight increase after spare bearing basal shoot is yielded positive results, bearing basal shoot is formed, then successively weigh
Multiple step (2) arrive step (4).
7. the cultural method of the suspension type long shoot fruit-bearing shoot cluster of a planting fruit-trees single update according to claim 6, special
Sign is: the fixed bearing basal shoot base portion of liftoff 180-300 centimeters in the step (2).
8. the cultural method of the suspension type long shoot fruit-bearing shoot cluster of a planting fruit-trees single update according to claim 6, special
Sign is: the main stem branch is highly 50-400cm from the ground.
9. the cultural method of the suspension type long shoot fruit-bearing shoot cluster of a planting fruit-trees single update according to claim 6, special
Sign is: the spare female branch of result is the spare female branch of long result in the step (3).
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Application publication date: 20190205 |