CN111205122A - Camellia oleifera planting method - Google Patents

Camellia oleifera planting method Download PDF

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Publication number
CN111205122A
CN111205122A CN202010138418.4A CN202010138418A CN111205122A CN 111205122 A CN111205122 A CN 111205122A CN 202010138418 A CN202010138418 A CN 202010138418A CN 111205122 A CN111205122 A CN 111205122A
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soil
fertilizer
camellia oleifera
planting
seedlings
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CN202010138418.4A
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沈伯文
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
    • C05B—PHOSPHATIC FERTILISERS
    • C05B7/00—Fertilisers based essentially on alkali or ammonium orthophosphates
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G17/00—Cultivation of hops, vines, fruit trees, or like trees
    • A01G17/005—Cultivation methods
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
    • C05D—INORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C; FERTILISERS PRODUCING CARBON DIOXIDE
    • C05D9/00—Other inorganic fertilisers
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
    • C05F—ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
    • C05F11/00—Other organic fertilisers
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
    • C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
    • C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Pest Control & Pesticides (AREA)
  • Botany (AREA)
  • Environmental Sciences (AREA)
  • Agricultural Chemicals And Associated Chemicals (AREA)
  • Cultivation Of Plants (AREA)
  • Fertilizers (AREA)

Abstract

The invention discloses a camellia oleifera planting method, which comprises the following steps: s1, selecting flat or sunny and gentle slope land, applying a proper amount of base fertilizer, and adjusting the pH of the soil to make the soil weakly acidic; s2, selecting cutting shoots to be inserted into soil; s3, selecting the healthy seedlings in the step S2, and transplanting the seedlings into the planting pits in the step S1 in the early winter and late spring; s4, then performing field management on the seedlings; compared with the prior art, the camellia oleifera planting method provided by the invention is simple, provides required nutrients and adaptive weak acid soil for late seedling growth, and improves the survival rate; selecting current-year semi-lignified twigs on superior seed mother trees, namely, reddish-brown cutting shoots with terminal buds stopped growing and axillary buds starting to expand are cut in soil and are easy to root and survive; the seedlings are subjected to field management, the occurrence of seedling diseases and insect pests is reduced, the yield of the camellia oleifera seeds is improved, and the economic benefit is improved.

Description

Camellia oleifera planting method
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of camellia oleifera planting, and particularly relates to a camellia oleifera planting method.
Background
The oil tea tree is one of four major woody oil plants in the world, is not only important edible oil, but also can be used as industrial and medical raw materials after being processed, and also can be comprehensively utilized as a plurality of byproducts. The existing planting method of the camellia oleifera trees is complex, low in seedling survival rate, not in place in field management, prone to causing diseases of the camellia oleifera trees, not beneficial to improving yield and poor in economic benefit, and therefore the method is provided.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the defects in the prior art and provides a camellia oleifera planting method.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention provides the following technical scheme:
a method for planting camellia oleifera comprises the following steps:
s1, selecting flat or sunny and gentle slope land, harrowing the seedling growing land for 3-4 times by using a harrowing machine after rotary tillage, loosening the soil to a depth of 20-25 cm of a plough layer, applying a proper amount of base fertilizer, uniformly mixing the base fertilizer with the soil, keeping the soil fertility, and adjusting the pH value of the soil to make the soil weakly acidic;
s2, selecting the current-year semi-lignified twig on the superior tree of the fine variety in the early summer every year, namely inserting the reddish-brown cutting slips with terminal buds stopped growing and axillary buds starting to expand into the soil, and applying thin human excrement for 1 time every 1 month after the cutting;
s3, digging pits in the soil in the step S1 in advance for two weeks, paving a layer of straw powder with the thickness of 8-15 cm in each planting pit, paving 2-4kg of biological slow release fertilizer on the straw powder, spraying light salt water on the side wall of each planting pit, selecting the healthy seedlings in the step S2, and transplanting the seedlings into the planting pits in the step S1 in late winter and early spring;
and S4, performing field management on seedlings, including daily intertillage weeding, pest control, branch and leaf pruning and garden cleaning, applying a growth fertilizer once in spring for the camellia oleifera trees bearing fruits in the last three years, applying a flower promoting fertilizer once when the flowers bloom, and applying a fruit strengthening fertilizer once when the fruits bear fruits, wherein the growth fertilizer mainly comprises a nitrogen fertilizer, the flower fertilizer mainly comprises a potassium fertilizer and a phosphate fertilizer, and the fruit fertilizer mainly comprises a boron fertilizer.
Preferably, the base fertilizer in step S1 includes 50-80 kg/mu calcium superphosphate, 50-70 kg/mu urea, 32-35 kg/mu fermented organic fertilizer by composting, and 2-3 kg potassium dihydrogen phosphate.
Preferably, the adjusting the soil pH in step S1 specifically includes: the method comprises the steps of uniformly mixing sulfur and aluminum sulfate by using water, uniformly spraying the mixture into soil, adding a phosphate fertilizer and a humic acid fertilizer into the soil, and finally carrying out rotary tillage on the soil, wherein the usage amount of the sulfur is 30-40 kg/mu, the usage amount of the aluminum sulfate is 20-30 kg/mu, the usage amount of the phosphate fertilizer is 40-45 kg/mu, and the usage amount of the humic acid fertilizer is 80-150 kg/mu.
Preferably, in the step S2, the length of the ear-inserting is 4-5cm, the upper end is cut flat, the lower end is a bevel, a bud and a leaf are reserved at the top of the ear, the ear-inserting is performed obliquely or vertically, and the depth of the ear-inserting is determined by exposing the petiole.
Preferably, the planting pits in the step S3 are spaced at intervals of 2-2.5m, and each row is spaced at intervals of 3-3.5 m.
Preferably, the intertillage weeding in the step S4 needs to be carried out three times a year; the pest control is that the tea tree is regularly sprayed with Bordeaux mixture or carbendazim, and when pests exist, the tea tree is sprayed with trichlorfon solution; pruning branches and leaves, namely pruning branches and leaves which are grown more vigorously of the camellia oleifera, and pruning weak branches and leaves at the bottom, dead branches and diseased branches; the cleaning in the garden is carried out immediately after the oil tea is harvested, sundries, dry branches and the like in the field are cleaned, and then a layer of lime is spread for disinfection.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that: compared with the prior art, the camellia oleifera planting method provided by the invention is simple, a proper amount of base fertilizer is applied to flat lands or sunny and gentle slope lands, the base fertilizer and soil are uniformly mixed, the soil fertility is maintained, the pH of the soil is adjusted, the soil is weakly acidic, nutrient substances required for later-stage seedling growth and adaptive weakly acidic soil can be provided, and the survival rate is improved;
selecting current-year semi-lignified twigs on superior seed mother trees, namely, reddish-brown cutting shoots with terminal buds stopped growing and axillary buds starting to expand are cut in soil and are easy to root and survive;
and (3) performing field management on the seedlings, including daily intertillage weeding, pest control, branch and leaf pruning and garden cleaning, reducing the occurrence of the pest of the seedlings, improving the yield of the camellia oleifera seeds and improving the economic benefit.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the present invention is further described in detail with reference to the following embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the invention and are not intended to limit the invention. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
Example 1
A method for planting camellia oleifera comprises the following steps:
s1, selecting flat or sunny and gentle slope land, harrowing the seedling growing land for 3 times after rotary tillage, loosening the soil to a plough layer of 20cm, applying a proper amount of base fertilizer, uniformly mixing the base fertilizer with the soil, keeping the soil fertility, and adjusting the soil pH to make the soil weakly acidic;
s2, selecting the current-year semi-lignified twig on the superior tree of the fine variety in the early summer every year, namely inserting the reddish-brown cutting slips with terminal buds stopped growing and axillary buds starting to expand into the soil, and applying thin human excrement for 1 time every 1 month after the cutting;
s3, digging pits in the soil in the step S1 in advance for two weeks, paving a layer of straw powder with the thickness of 8 cm in each planting pit, paving 2kg of biological slow release fertilizer on the straw powder, spraying light salt water on the side wall of each planting pit, selecting the healthy seedlings in the step S2, and transplanting the seedlings into the planting pits in the step S1 in late winter and early spring;
and S4, performing field management on seedlings, including daily intertillage weeding, pest control, branch and leaf pruning and garden cleaning, applying a growth fertilizer once in spring for the camellia oleifera trees bearing fruits in the last three years, applying a flower promoting fertilizer once when the flowers bloom, and applying a fruit strengthening fertilizer once when the fruits bear fruits, wherein the growth fertilizer mainly comprises a nitrogen fertilizer, the flower fertilizer mainly comprises a potassium fertilizer and a phosphate fertilizer, and the fruit fertilizer mainly comprises a boron fertilizer.
Specifically, the base fertilizer in step S1 includes 50 kg/mu calcium superphosphate, 50 kg/mu urea, 32 kg/mu fermented organic fertilizer by composting, and 2kg monopotassium phosphate.
Specifically, the adjusting the soil pH in step S1 specifically includes: the method comprises the steps of uniformly mixing sulfur and aluminum sulfate by using water, uniformly spraying the mixture into soil, adding a phosphate fertilizer and a humic acid fertilizer into the soil, and finally carrying out rotary tillage on the soil, wherein the usage amount of the sulfur is 30 kg/mu, the usage amount of the aluminum sulfate is 20 kg/mu, the usage amount of the phosphate fertilizer is 40 kg/mu, and the usage amount of the humic acid fertilizer is 80 kg/mu.
Specifically, in the step S2, the length of the ear of spike is 4cm, the upper end of the ear of spike is cut flat, the lower end of the ear of spike is an inclined plane, a bud and a leaf are reserved at the top of the ear of spike, the ear of spike is obliquely or directly inserted according to the row spacing of 6cm, and the depth of the ear of spike inserted into the soil is determined by exposing the leaf stalk.
Specifically, in step S3, planting holes are spaced at intervals of 2m, and each row is spaced at intervals of 3 m.
Specifically, the intertillage weeding in the step S4 needs to be carried out three times a year; the pest control is that the tea tree is regularly sprayed with Bordeaux mixture or carbendazim, and when pests exist, the tea tree is sprayed with trichlorfon solution; pruning branches and leaves, namely pruning branches and leaves which are grown more vigorously of the camellia oleifera, and pruning weak branches and leaves at the bottom, dead branches and diseased branches; the cleaning in the garden is carried out immediately after the oil tea is harvested, sundries, dry branches and the like in the field are cleaned, and then a layer of lime is spread for disinfection.
Example 2
A method for planting camellia oleifera comprises the following steps:
s1, selecting flat or sunny and gentle slope land, harrowing the seedling growing land for 4 times after rotary tillage, loosening the soil to 25cm of a plough layer, applying a proper amount of base fertilizer, uniformly mixing the base fertilizer with the soil, keeping the soil fertility, and adjusting the soil pH to make the soil weakly acidic;
s2, selecting the current-year semi-lignified twig on the superior tree of the fine variety in the early summer every year, namely inserting the reddish-brown cutting slips with terminal buds stopped growing and axillary buds starting to expand into the soil, and applying thin human excrement for 1 time every 1 month after the cutting;
s3, digging pits in the soil in the step S1 in advance for two weeks, paving a layer of straw powder with the thickness of 15 cm in each planting pit, paving 4kg of biological slow release fertilizer on the straw powder, spraying light salt water on the side wall of each planting pit, selecting the healthy seedlings in the step S2, and transplanting the seedlings into the planting pits in the step S1 in late winter and early spring;
and S4, performing field management on seedlings, including daily intertillage weeding, pest control, branch and leaf pruning and garden cleaning, applying a growth fertilizer once in spring for the camellia oleifera trees bearing fruits in the last three years, applying a flower promoting fertilizer once when the flowers bloom, and applying a fruit strengthening fertilizer once when the fruits bear fruits, wherein the growth fertilizer mainly comprises a nitrogen fertilizer, the flower fertilizer mainly comprises a potassium fertilizer and a phosphate fertilizer, and the fruit fertilizer mainly comprises a boron fertilizer.
Specifically, the base fertilizer in step S1 includes 80 kg/mu calcium superphosphate, 70 kg/mu urea, 35 kg/mu fermented organic fertilizer by composting, and 3 kg monopotassium phosphate.
Specifically, the adjusting the soil pH in step S1 specifically includes: the method comprises the steps of uniformly mixing sulfur and aluminum sulfate by using water, uniformly spraying the mixture into soil, adding a phosphate fertilizer and a humic acid fertilizer into the soil, and finally carrying out rotary tillage on the soil, wherein the usage amount of the sulfur is 40 kg/mu, the usage amount of the aluminum sulfate is 30 kg/mu, the usage amount of the phosphate fertilizer is 45 kg/mu, and the usage amount of the humic acid fertilizer is 150 kg/mu.
Specifically, in the step S2, the length of the ear of spike is selected to be 5cm, the upper end is cut flat, the lower end is an inclined plane, a bud and a leaf are reserved at the top of the ear of spike, the ear of spike is obliquely or directly inserted, and the depth of the ear of spike is determined by exposing the petiole.
Specifically, in step S3, planting holes are spaced at intervals of 2.5m, and each row is spaced at intervals of 3.5 m.
Specifically, the intertillage weeding in the step S4 needs to be carried out three times a year; the pest control is that the tea tree is regularly sprayed with Bordeaux mixture or carbendazim, and when pests exist, the tea tree is sprayed with trichlorfon solution; pruning branches and leaves, namely pruning branches and leaves which are grown more vigorously of the camellia oleifera, and pruning weak branches and leaves at the bottom, dead branches and diseased branches; the cleaning in the garden is carried out immediately after the oil tea is harvested, sundries, dry branches and the like in the field are cleaned, and then a layer of lime is spread for disinfection.
In summary, the following steps: compared with the prior art, the camellia oleifera planting method provided by the invention is simple, a proper amount of base fertilizer is applied to flat lands or sunny and gentle slope lands, the base fertilizer and soil are uniformly mixed, the soil fertility is maintained, the pH of the soil is adjusted, the soil is weakly acidic, nutrient substances required for later-stage seedling growth and adaptive weakly acidic soil can be provided, and the survival rate is improved;
selecting current-year semi-lignified twigs on superior seed mother trees, namely, reddish-brown cutting shoots with terminal buds stopped growing and axillary buds starting to expand are cut in soil and are easy to root and survive;
and (3) performing field management on the seedlings, including daily intertillage weeding, pest control, branch and leaf pruning and garden cleaning, reducing the occurrence of the pest of the seedlings, improving the yield of the camellia oleifera seeds and improving the economic benefit.
Finally, it should be noted that: although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that modifications may be made to the embodiments or portions thereof without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention.

Claims (6)

1. A method for planting camellia oleifera is characterized by comprising the following steps: the method comprises the following steps:
s1, selecting flat or sunny and gentle slope land, harrowing the seedling growing land for 3-4 times by using a harrowing machine after rotary tillage, loosening the soil to a depth of 20-25 cm of a plough layer, applying a proper amount of base fertilizer, uniformly mixing the base fertilizer with the soil, keeping the soil fertility, and adjusting the pH value of the soil to make the soil weakly acidic;
s2, selecting the current-year semi-lignified twig on the superior tree of the fine variety in the early summer every year, namely inserting the reddish-brown cutting slips with terminal buds stopped growing and axillary buds starting to expand into the soil, and applying thin human excrement for 1 time every 1 month after the cutting;
s3, digging pits in the soil in the step S1 in advance for two weeks, paving a layer of straw powder with the thickness of 8-15 cm in each planting pit, paving 2-4kg of biological slow release fertilizer on the straw powder, spraying light salt water on the side wall of each planting pit, selecting the healthy seedlings in the step S2, and transplanting the seedlings into the planting pits in the step S1 in late winter and early spring;
and S4, performing field management on seedlings, including daily intertillage weeding, pest control, branch and leaf pruning and garden cleaning, applying a growth fertilizer once in spring for the camellia oleifera trees bearing fruits in the last three years, applying a flower promoting fertilizer once when the flowers bloom, and applying a fruit strengthening fertilizer once when the fruits bear fruits, wherein the growth fertilizer mainly comprises a nitrogen fertilizer, the flower fertilizer mainly comprises a potassium fertilizer and a phosphate fertilizer, and the fruit fertilizer mainly comprises a boron fertilizer.
2. The camellia oleifera planting method of claim 1, characterized in that: the base fertilizer in the step S1 comprises 50-80 kg/mu of calcium superphosphate, 50-70 kg/mu of urea, 32-35 kg/mu of stack retting fermented organic fertilizer and 2-3 kg of monopotassium phosphate.
3. The camellia oleifera planting method of claim 1, characterized in that: the step S1 of adjusting the pH of the soil specifically includes: the method comprises the steps of uniformly mixing sulfur and aluminum sulfate by using water, uniformly spraying the mixture into soil, adding a phosphate fertilizer and a humic acid fertilizer into the soil, and finally carrying out rotary tillage on the soil, wherein the usage amount of the sulfur is 30-40 kg/mu, the usage amount of the aluminum sulfate is 20-30 kg/mu, the usage amount of the phosphate fertilizer is 40-45 kg/mu, and the usage amount of the humic acid fertilizer is 80-150 kg/mu.
4. The camellia oleifera planting method of claim 1, characterized in that: in the step S2, the length of the ear to be inserted is 4-5cm, the upper end is cut flat, the lower end is an inclined plane, a bud and a leaf are reserved at the top of the ear, the ear is obliquely inserted or directly inserted, and the depth of the ear to be inserted is determined by exposing a leaf stalk.
5. The camellia oleifera planting method of claim 1, characterized in that: in the step S3, the planting pits are spaced at intervals of 2-2.5m, and each row is spaced at intervals of 3-3.5 m.
6. The camellia oleifera planting method of claim 1, characterized in that: the intertillage weeding in the step S4 needs to be carried out three times a year; the pest control is that the tea tree is regularly sprayed with Bordeaux mixture or carbendazim, and when pests exist, the tea tree is sprayed with trichlorfon solution; pruning branches and leaves, namely pruning branches and leaves which are grown more vigorously of the camellia oleifera, and pruning weak branches and leaves at the bottom, dead branches and diseased branches; the cleaning in the garden is carried out immediately after the oil tea is harvested, sundries, dry branches and the like in the field are cleaned, and then a layer of lime is spread for disinfection.
CN202010138418.4A 2020-03-03 2020-03-03 Camellia oleifera planting method Withdrawn CN111205122A (en)

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CN202010138418.4A CN111205122A (en) 2020-03-03 2020-03-03 Camellia oleifera planting method

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Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CN202010138418.4A CN111205122A (en) 2020-03-03 2020-03-03 Camellia oleifera planting method

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Application publication date: 20200529