CN104904363A - Cost-saving and effectiveness-increasing tea garden nursery soil preparation method - Google Patents
Cost-saving and effectiveness-increasing tea garden nursery soil preparation method Download PDFInfo
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- CN104904363A CN104904363A CN201510270781.0A CN201510270781A CN104904363A CN 104904363 A CN104904363 A CN 104904363A CN 201510270781 A CN201510270781 A CN 201510270781A CN 104904363 A CN104904363 A CN 104904363A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01B—SOIL WORKING IN AGRICULTURE OR FORESTRY; PARTS, DETAILS, OR ACCESSORIES OF AGRICULTURAL MACHINES OR IMPLEMENTS, IN GENERAL
- A01B79/00—Methods for working soil
- A01B79/02—Methods for working soil combined with other agricultural processing, e.g. fertilising, planting
Abstract
The invention discloses a cost-saving and effectiveness-increasing tea garden nursery soil preparation method. The method comprises the steps that nursery field plowing and fertilizing are carried out, soil is ploughed through a rotary cultivator, biogas broth is sprayed through a biogas residue liquid pumping drainage conveyor, and manual plowing and fertilizing are replaced; furrowing and nursery bed are prepared, after furrows are formed, a home-made rake(with the length of 2.4 m, the width of 45 cm and the depth of iron teeth of 7 cm) is used for breaking and raking soil of the nursery bed, a home-made cement roller with the length of 2.1 m, the width of 2.0 m, the diameter of 11 cm and the weight of 50 kg is used for rolling to and fro to compact nursery soil; a shed is established for shading, short sprout cuttage is carried out, and the cuttage density is 400-500 thousand plants/667 m<2>. The labor cost of the method is only 20.34%-23.18% of that of a traditional method, the labor intensity is improved, high density cuttage can be carried out on the nursery field prepared through the method, a specific nursery management technology is adopted, qualified tea seedling yield reaches 200-300 thousand/667 m<2>, while the tea seedling yield in the prior art is only 120-150 thousand/667 m<2>, and the method has the advantages of saving labor and being efficient.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to technical field of tea tree cultivation, particularly a kind of nursery, tea place method of soil preparation of cost-saving synergistic.
Background technology
Tea place nursery lot is the place of carrying out tea shoot cuttage and seedling culture.The quality height that its nursery lot arranges, not only directly affects the quantity of the short fringe of cuttage, the Rooting percent of short fringe, survival rate, the wooden amount of nursery stock, and directly has influence on the management work efficiency of nursery lot, production cost and economic benefit.Tradition nursery lot method for sorting is wasted time and energy, and not only cost intensive, and long, inefficiency consuming time, it is few that tea shoot goes out garden quantity, is unfavorable for that tea shoot breeds speed and quality.
Summary of the invention
For solving above-mentioned prior art Problems existing, the object of the present invention is to provide a kind of nursery, tea place method of soil preparation of cost-saving synergistic, recruitment cost is only 20.34% ~ 23.18% of conventional method, not only improve efficiency, and use the nursery lot that method of the present invention arranges out, can high density cuttage be carried out, in conjunction with peculiar cuttage and seedling culture and administrative skill, it is 20 ~ 300,000 strains/667m2 that qualified tea shoot goes out garden quantity, and conventional art goes out garden quantity is only 12 ~ 150,000 strains/667m2.
For achieving the above object, technical scheme of the present invention is:
Nursery, a tea place method of soil preparation for cost-saving synergistic, comprises the steps:
The sterilization of step one, nursery lot, to turn over and fertilising;
For building the soil in nursery, need carry out turning over for twice and fertilising:
(1) first time turns over and fertilising, in October then after tea shoot, there is the harm of root-knot nematode class in the soil as selected or planted previous crop, first need carry out soil disinfection, use 40% phoxim baythion of extension rate 1000-2000, spray application to soil table, then real tillage; Nursery lot is deep ploughed comprehensively, adopts Work machine to turn over; Concrete grammar: use rotovator or mini-size tillage machine to turn over to soil, come and go farming 2 times, tilling depth 20cm; Use self-propelled biogas residue liquid pump drainage transporter to take out, transport methane liquid after deep ploughing, evenly spray farmyard manure or methane liquid 8-10t/ mu.Spray methane liquid, solution evenly can immerse or penetrate in soil layer, and also supplement moisture to soil, make soil fully absorb solution, apply fertilizer evener, fertilizer efficiency is better simultaneously; Complete first time wholely with fertilising after, allow nursery lot stand Exposure to Sunlight and to drench with rain, make soil more slaking, solution in soil layer evenly and under ooze.
Turn over and fertilising for (2) the 2nd times
Carry out second time July in next year to turn over and fertilising; Use rotovator or mini-size tillage machine to turn over again to the nursery lot that first time arranges, come and go 2 times, then execute natural pond liquid with self-propelled biogas residue liquid pump drainage transporter, execute natural pond liquid 4 ~ 5t for every mu, after fertilising, allow solution fully penetrates in soil, after Exposure to Sunlight and the wheat harvesting period that drenches with rain, then do seedbed.
Step 2, do furrow and seedbed
First trench digging does furrow; Seedling furrow wide, highly, fixed with physical features and soil property, the wide 150cm of furrow, furrow ditch width 15-25cm, furrow height 10-15cm; The paddy field that ponding is more, 2, interval seedling furrow open a major groove, furrow width 35 ~ 40cm, ditch depth 45-50cm;
After holding ditch successfully, soil is owed thin, is raked by the rake of employing rake long 2.4m, wide 45cm, the dark 7cm of iron teeth, be bulldozed soil, after grading, adopt long 2.1m, wide 2.0m afterwards, diameter 11cm, the ground drum rolling soil of heavy 50kg, on seedbed, rolling back and forth 1 time, presses seedbed and flattens, and the degree of packing in seedbed pins seedbed with finger has shallow print to be advisable.
Step 3: scaffolding shelters from heat or light
Build shading shed immediately after seedling furrow complete, the high 45 ~ 55cm of canopy, adopt Shading net covering, shading rate is 75%, to avoid the acute irradiation of sunlight, reduces ground wind speed, reduces moisture evaporation.
Step 4, the short fringe of cuttage
The strain of every mu of cuttage short spike number 400,000 ~ 500,000.
Further, described nursery lot is selected to have a good transport service, physical features is smooth, water condition good, draining farmland easily, and near maternal plant garden or tea place yet to be built, soil property requires loose, slightly acidic sand or loam.
Further, in described step 2, ease up the wide 150cm of hillside fields furrow on level land, furrow ditch width 15 ~ 20cm, and the high 10 ~ 15cm land utilization rate of furrow brings up to 90%; Paddy field or soil property stick important place block, the wide 150cm of furrow, furrow furrow width 20 ~ 25cm, ditch depth 30 ~ 35cm, and 3 ~ 4, interval seedling furrow dig a large drain ditch, furrow width 35 ~ 40cm, ditch depth 45-50cm simultaneously.
Further, in described step 2, after trench digging, first time does nursery with putting the paddy field after doing, and spread thickness 12-15cm and beat thin yellow earth cubsoil.
Relative to prior art, beneficial effect of the present invention is:
The inventive method recruitment cost is only 20.34% ~ 23.18% of conventional method, not only improve efficiency, and use the nursery lot that method of the present invention arranges out, high density cuttage can be carried out, adopt peculiar cuttage and seedling culture and administrative skill again, it is 20 ~ 300,000 strains/667m that qualified tea shoot goes out garden quantity
2, and conventional art goes out garden quantity is only 12 ~ 150,000 strains/667m
2.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with embodiment, technical solution of the present invention is described in further detail:
Nursery, a tea place method of soil preparation for cost-saving synergistic, comprises the steps:
1, nursery lot sterilization, turn over and fertilising;
For building the soil in nursery, need carry out turning over for twice and fertilising:
(1) first time turns over and fertilising, in October then after tea shoot, there is the harm of root-knot nematode class in soil as selected or planted previous crop, first need carry out soil disinfection, use 40% appropriate phoxim baythion, plough under in conjunction with turning in soil, 40% pungent Emulphors oil is a kind of efficient, low toxicity, low-residual, broad spectrum insecticide, has stronger tagging and stomach poison function.Be mainly used in the larva of the soil insect such as control of grubs, mole cricket and multiple lepidoptera pest.Also there is certain lethal effect to worm's ovum simultaneously, spray application to soil table, extension rate 1000-2000, then real tillage; Nursery lot is deep ploughed comprehensively, adopts Work machine to turn over; Concrete grammar: use rotovator (1GKN-125 type) or mini-size tillage machine (1WG4.0-105FC-Z type or 1GKN-200 type) to turn over to soil, come and go farming 2 times, tilling depth 20cm; And soil that plot large smooth to physical features, uses large-scale rotovator, and irregular to physical features, and the plot that area is little, with mini-size tillage machine; Use medium-sized rotovator in the middle of both; From effect, wherein mini-size tillage machine 1WG4.0-105FC-Z turns over one mu of soil about 2 hours, needs 0.25 work; About need 1 hour with rotovator 1GKN-125 one mu of soil of turning over, need 0.125 work, rotovator 1GKN-200 type one mu of soil of turning over about needs half an hour, 0.0625 work.Average computation, general job hand expenses of labour and rotovator usage charges, about need 60 yuan/mu.And use artificial real tillage, need 6 works, about need takes 600 yuan.A work=100-120 unit.
Note: mini-size tillage machine, model 1WG4.0-105FC-Z, tilling depth 120-300mm, tilling width 800-1000mm.
Rotovator 1 (medium-sized), model 1GKN-125 type, rotary tillage degree of depth 12-16cm, work range 125cm.
Rotovator 2 (large-scale), 1GKN-200 type, rotary tillage degree of depth 80-180mm, work range 2000mm.
Tradition entire technique is artificial transport and applications of farmyard manure, needs about 30 altogether manually, and need work amount large, and it is irregular to apply fertilizer, fertilizer efficiency is not high.Self-propelled biogas residue liquid pump drainage transporter (model 3.0wz-1) is used to take out, transport methane liquid after deep ploughing, evenly spray farmyard manure or methane liquid 8 ~ 10t/ mu, spray methane liquid, solution evenly can immerse or penetrate in soil layer, also supplement moisture to soil simultaneously, make soil fully absorb solution, apply fertilizer evener, fertilizer efficiency is better; In addition, use self-propelled biogas residue liquid pump drainage transporter, executing 1 mu of nursery lot needs work to be about 3.5-4, with expenses of labour about 440 yuan.And with hand haulage and fertilising, about need 30 works, labor cost about 3000 ~ 3600 yuan.Complete first time wholely with fertilising after, allow nursery lot stand Exposure to Sunlight and to drench with rain, make soil more slaking, solution in soil layer evenly and under ooze.
Turn over and fertilising for (2) the 2nd times
Carry out second time July in next year to turn over and fertilising; Rotovator (1GKN-125 type) or mini-size tillage machine (1WG4.0-105FC-Z) is used to turn over to the nursery lot that first time arranges again, come and go 2 times, natural pond liquid 4 ~ 5t/ mu is executed again with self-propelled biogas residue liquid pump drainage transporter, add about natural pond liquid fertilizer cost with fertilising labour cost wholely, amount to 250-300 unit/mu, after fertilising, allow soil solution permeates, after Exposure to Sunlight and the wheat harvesting period that drenches with rain, then do seedbed.
2, furrow and seedbed is done
First trench digging does furrow; Conventional seedbed system technology general seedling furrow width is generally 100 ~ 120cm, the high 10 ~ 20cm of furrow, furrow furrow width about 30 ~ 40cm, and land utilization rate is about 70%.For fully improving land utilization rate, this technology suitably increases seedling furrow width, reduces furrow ditch width.Seedling furrow wide, highly, fixed with physical features and soil property, ease up the wide 150cm that rises to of hillside fields furrow on level land, and furrow ditch width is reduced to 15 ~ 20cm, and the high 10 ~ 15cm land utilization rate of furrow brings up to about 90%, improves about 20% than normal cutting propagation.Paddy field or soil property stick important place block, and furrow are wide is also 150cm, furrow furrow width about 20 ~ 25cm, ditch depth 30 ~ 35cm, 3 ~ 4, interval seedling furrow dig a large drain ditch simultaneously, and furrow width is 35 ~ 40cm about, ditch depth 45-50cm, land utilization rate about 80.0%, improves about 10% than normal cutting propagation.The paddy field that ponding is more, 2, interval seedling furrow open a major groove.
After holding ditch successfully, as first time with put dry after paddy field do nursery, spread and redly beat thin yellow earth cubsoil, thickness is about 12-15cm, soil of coring, beat carefully add transport, lay yellow earth cubsoil about needs 10 manually.Paddy field cuttage or yellow earth cubsoil can not be spread with cultivated land cuttage again, then do furrow grading.Conventional grading, first owes thin with common hoe, rake, is bulldozed soil, and this technology uses self-control rake (harrowing long 2.4m, wide 45cm, the dark 7cm of iron teeth) to owe thin by soil, rake, be bulldozed soil.Wide 45cm harrowed by this instrument, wider than common hoe about 3 times, has again the iron teeth that 7cm is dark, better can owe thin, rake, be bulldozed soil, and work efficiency at least improves more than 1 times.After grading, also need to flatten soil, normal cutting propagation entire technique, generally flattens soil with plank, and this technology is for improving work efficiency, and better flatten soil, invent a kind of self-control simple flat ground cylinder (long 2.1m, wide 2.0m, diameter 11cm, heavy 50kg) rolling back and forth 1 time on seedbed, press seedbed and flatten, the degree of packing in seedbed pins seedbed with finger has shallow print to be advisable.Use rake and cylinder to level land and need recruitment 2; And use manually needs 8 works.
3, scaffolding shelters from heat or light
Build shading shed immediately after seedling furrow complete, scaffolding method of sheltering from heat or light is substantially identical with normal cutting propagation, the high 45 ~ 55cm of canopy, and adopt Shading net covering, shading rate is about 75%, to avoid the acute irradiation of sunlight, reduces ground wind speed, reduces moisture and evaporates.Build sunshade and beat timber or concrete stake needs recruitment 1, timber one mu about needs 50, each cost about 1 yuan, and bamboo chip needs 300, and each bamboo chip 0.5 yuan, needs sunshade net 2, about spends 500 yuan.
4, the short fringe of cuttage
Adopt the nursery lot that aforesaid way arranges, because land utilization rate improves 10-20%, add whole even, whole thin, the leveling of seedling furrow soil, whole reality, and soil permeability increases, even using sufficient executed by fertilizer, and in a word, nursery lot site preparation quality is high.In Chuan Xi tea district, Sichuan, rainfall is abundant, and cloud and mist is more, sunshine is when few, can high density cuttage, and every mu of short spike number of cuttage is increased to 400,000 ~ 500,000 strains by normal cutting propagation 150,000 ~ 250,000 strain, adopt supporting administrative skill again, short fringe survival rate generally reaches 70%-80%, and qualified seedling outplanting rate can reach about 75%-80%, therefore, qualified seedling quantity 21-32 ten thousand plants/acre, at least increases 9-17 ten thousand plants/acre than the qualified seedling number (12-15 ten thousand plants/acre) of conventional seedbed system.
Further, described nursery lot is selected to have a good transport service, physical features is smooth, water condition good, draining farmland easily, and near maternal plant garden or tea place yet to be built, soil property requires loose, slightly acidic sand or loam.
Table 1, recruitment calculate
Table 2, cost calculation
Can find out that the present invention is while the qualified seedling in increase nursery goes out garden quantity, effectively provides cost savings from above-mentioned table 1,2.
The above, be only the specific embodiment of the present invention, but protection scope of the present invention is not limited thereto, and any change of expecting without creative work or replacement, all should be encompassed within protection scope of the present invention.Therefore, the protection domain that protection scope of the present invention should limit with claims is as the criterion.
Claims (4)
1. nursery, a tea place method of soil preparation for cost-saving synergistic, is characterized in that, comprise the steps:
The sterilization of step one, nursery lot, to turn over and fertilising;
For building the soil in nursery, need carry out turning over for twice and fertilising with rotovator and biogas residue liquid pump drainage transporter:
(1) first time turns over and fertilising, in October then after tea shoot, there is the harm of root-knot nematode class in the soil as selected or planted previous crop, first need carry out soil disinfection, use 40% appropriate phoxim baythion, extension rate 1000-2000, spray application to soil table, then real tillage; Nursery lot is deep ploughed comprehensively, adopts Work machine to turn over; Concrete grammar: use rotovator or mini-size tillage machine to turn over to soil, come and go farming 2 times, tilling depth 20cm; Use self-propelled biogas residue liquid pump drainage transporter to take out, transport methane liquid after deep ploughing, evenly spray farmyard manure or methane liquid 8-10t/667m
2; Spray methane liquid, solution evenly can immerse or penetrate in soil layer, and also supplement moisture to soil, make soil fully absorb solution, apply fertilizer evener, fertilizer efficiency is better simultaneously; Complete first time wholely with fertilising after, allow nursery lot stand Exposure to Sunlight and to drench with rain, to accelerate soil-ripening, make solution in soil layer simultaneously evenly and under ooze.Above operation only needs artificial about 4.25. and traditional method of soil preparation, ploughing and applying fertilizer all adopts manually, needs artificial about 36;
Turn over and fertilising for (2) the 2nd times
Carry out second time July in next year to turn over and fertilising; Use rotovator or mini-size tillage machine to turn over again to the nursery lot that first time arranges, come and go 2 times, then execute natural pond liquid fertilizer with self-propelled biogas residue liquid pump drainage transporter, execute methane liquid 4-5t/667m
2; Second time is turned over and is only needed artificial 2.25 with applying fertilizer, but conventional art then needs artificial about 21 works; Complete second time turn over apply fertilizer after, allow soil solution permeates, after Exposure to Sunlight and the wheat harvesting period that drenches with rain, then do seedbed.
Step 2, do furrow and seedbed
First trench digging does furrow; Seedling furrow wide, highly, fixed with physical features and soil property, the wide 150cm of furrow, furrow ditch width 15-25cm, furrow height 10-15cm; The paddy field that ponding is more, 2, interval seedling furrow open a major groove, furrow width 35 ~ 40cm, ditch depth 45-50cm;
After holding furrow ditch successfully, adopt long 2.4m, wide 45cm, nursery soil owed thin, rakes by the self-control rake of the dark 7cm of iron teeth; After being bulldozed soil, then adopt long 2.1m, wide 2.0m, diameter 11cm, the self-control cement drum rolling soil of heavy 50kg, on seedbed, rolling back and forth 1 time, presses seedbed and flatten, and the degree of packing in seedbed is pinned seedbed have shallow print to be advisable to be pointed.
Step 3: scaffolding shelters from heat or light
Build shading shed immediately after seedling furrow complete, the high 45 ~ 55cm of canopy, adopt Shading net covering, shading rate is 75%, to avoid the acute irradiation of sunlight, reduces ground wind speed, reduces moisture evaporation.
Step 4, the short fringe of cuttage
The strain of every mu of cuttage short spike number 400,000 ~ 500,000.
2. method according to claim 1, is characterized in that, described nursery lot is selected to have a good transport service, physical features is smooth, water condition good, draining farmland easily, and near maternal plant garden or tea place yet to be built, soil property requires loose, slightly acidic sand or loam.
3. method according to claim 1, is characterized in that, in described step 2, ease up the wide 150cm of hillside fields furrow on level land, furrow ditch width 15 ~ 20cm, and the high 10 ~ 15cm land utilization rate of furrow brings up to 90%; Paddy field or soil property stick important place block, the wide 150cm of furrow, furrow furrow width 20 ~ 25cm, ditch depth 30 ~ 35cm, and 3 ~ 4, interval seedling furrow dig a large drain ditch, furrow width 35 ~ 40cm, ditch depth 45-50cm simultaneously.
4. method according to claim 1, is characterized in that, in described step 2, after trench digging, first time does nursery with putting the paddy field after doing, and spread thickness 12-15cm and beat thin yellow earth cubsoil.
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Cited By (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN106171438A (en) * | 2016-07-20 | 2016-12-07 | 习水县利民白茶产业有限公司 | A kind of method for culturing seedlings of Anji Ramulus et Folium Mussaendae Pubescentis |
| CN106416491A (en) * | 2016-08-31 | 2017-02-22 | 陈晓菲 | Tengcha seedling growing garden sorting method |
| CN107548859A (en) * | 2017-10-09 | 2018-01-09 | 安徽省池州市安池茶叶有限公司 | A kind of method of ditch of level land two into furrow tea place kind ground |
| CN107926188A (en) * | 2017-11-20 | 2018-04-20 | 广东东篱环境股份有限公司 | Make the method for improvement beach saline land between a kind of plant |
| CN113141891A (en) * | 2021-03-26 | 2021-07-23 | 云南省农业科学院茶叶研究所 | Short-spike cutting method for tea tree germplasm resources |
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Cited By (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN106171438A (en) * | 2016-07-20 | 2016-12-07 | 习水县利民白茶产业有限公司 | A kind of method for culturing seedlings of Anji Ramulus et Folium Mussaendae Pubescentis |
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| CN107548859A (en) * | 2017-10-09 | 2018-01-09 | 安徽省池州市安池茶叶有限公司 | A kind of method of ditch of level land two into furrow tea place kind ground |
| CN107926188A (en) * | 2017-11-20 | 2018-04-20 | 广东东篱环境股份有限公司 | Make the method for improvement beach saline land between a kind of plant |
| CN113141891A (en) * | 2021-03-26 | 2021-07-23 | 云南省农业科学院茶叶研究所 | Short-spike cutting method for tea tree germplasm resources |
| CN113141891B (en) * | 2021-03-26 | 2023-09-29 | 云南省农业科学院茶叶研究所 | Method for cutting tea tree germplasm resources in short spikes |
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Application publication date: 20150916 |