JP2001192304A - Seedling bed and method for raising seedling and culture of crop using the seedling bed - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a seedling bed dispensing with the work for uniformly mixing a granular agrochemical to bed soil, having excellent labor-saving handling workability to enable the mechanized application of bed soil and agrochemical and giving uniformly grown seedling and causing little falling off of the granular agrochemical attached to the root in transplantation, a method for raising seedling by using the seedling bed and a method for the culture of crop effective for saving the labor of the application work by decreasing the application amount and frequency of the agrochemical during the whole cultivation period while keeping high controlling effect on vermin and pest by the transplantation and fixing of the seedling on the main field owing to the transfer of the major part of the granular agrochemical to the main field. SOLUTION: The objective seedling bed is composed of a bed soil layer, a composite seed layer formed on the bed soil layer and a soil covering layer formed on the composite seed layer, wherein the composite seed layer is composed of sustained release granular agrochemical and the seed. The cultivation method for the crop comprises the transplantation and fixing of the seedling raised by using the seedling bed to the main field in a state keeping the sustained release agent on the root of the seedling.

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0001]

[0001] The present invention relates to a nursery and a cultivation method using the same. In detail, seeding the sustained-release pesticide granules and seeds on the bed soil layer, seedlings covered with it, and seedlings that are transplanted to the main field with the pesticides in the roots raised by the seedlings, The present invention relates to a method for cultivating a crop in which the amount and frequency of application of pesticides after transplantation are reduced.

[0002]

BACKGROUND ART Grains such as rice, lettuce, leaf vegetables such as cabbage, fruit vegetables such as tomato, cucumber and melon,
For horticultural crops such as flowers and trees, in order to secure stable growth and yield, a seedling raising method is used in which seedlings are grown by sowing seeds on seedbeds in which soil is placed in seedling containers. It is necessary to take countermeasures against pests and diseases at the time of raising seedlings, but it is difficult to apply general pesticide granules for this field to the floor soil during raising seedlings because direct contact of the pesticides with the roots of the seedlings easily causes growth disorders. Met. Even when pesticide granules that do not cause growth disorders are used, the use efficiency of pesticides is low because pesticides run off due to a large amount of irrigation during the seedling raising period. Furthermore, it has been necessary to incorporate a larger amount of pesticide components in advance in consideration of runoff, the duration of the drug, and the like.

In recent years, for example, Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open
As described in Japanese Patent No. 233952, cultivation from rice planting to harvesting is performed by mixing and applying a coated pesticide granule having a time-release type sustained release function and a bed soil such as seedling cultivation soil for paddy rice. All or most of the required amount of the pesticide component during the period is contained in the paddy rice seedling cultivation soil, and the pesticide component is transplanted to the Honda together with the seedling in a state where the pesticide component is attached to and included in the roots of the seedling. There have been various attempts to save the application work by, for example, drastically reducing the pesticide application rate and reducing the number of application times by providing a deep supply.

However, in order to form a nursery bed in which pesticide granules are mixed in the floor soil as described above, it is necessary to uniformly mix the pesticide granules in the cultivation soil used as the floor soil, and the work burden is increased. It was big. In addition, the mixing ratio between the bed soil and the pesticide granules must be changed according to the variety of the crop, the field conditions, the transplanting time of the seedlings, etc. Had to be changed frequently, and the work became more complicated.

[0005] Transplanting of seedlings from the nursery to the main field is usually carried out by a rice transplanter when the seedlings are paddy rice seedlings, for example. When transplanted, some of the pesticides held in the roots of the seedlings were spilled and lost when the seedlings were transplanted.
In addition, even if the recent method of growing seedlings to apply the mixed pesticide granules having a time-release type of sustained release function to the floor soil,
It has been desired to further improve the utilization efficiency, reduce the application rate, and further reduce the variation in seedling growth.

[0006]

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION According to the present invention, there is no need to uniformly mix pesticide granules into the floor soil, and a labor-saving and excellent handling workability capable of mechanically applying the floor soil and the pesticide. Have
Seedlings that produce seedlings that are less likely to spill when transplanting pesticide granules held in the roots with little variation in growth, and that seedlings grown using this seedling are transplanted and planted in this field, and most of the pesticide granules are transferred to this field. An object of the present invention is to provide a method of cultivating a crop in which the pesticide application rate and the number of application times during the entire cultivation period are reduced and the application work is labor-saving while maintaining a high pest control effect.

[0007]

Means for Solving the Problems As a result of repeated studies to solve the above problems, the present inventor has found that the present invention comprises a bed soil layer, a sustained-release pesticide granule formed on the bed soil layer, and seeds. Seed composite layer,
And a seedbed composed of a cover soil layer formed on the seed composite layer, and a seedling raised using the seedbed, transplanted to the field while holding the sustained-release pesticide granule at the root of the seedling. ,
The present inventor has found that a cultivation method for crops characterized by planting achieves the object, and completed the present invention.

The present invention has the following configuration. (1) A seedbed composed of a bed soil layer, a seed composite layer formed on the bed soil layer, and a cover soil layer formed on the seed composite layer, wherein the seed composite layer is at least a sustained-release pesticide. A nursery, comprising granules and seeds. (2) The sustained-release pesticide granule has a time-release type sustained release function having a period during which the release of the pesticide component is suppressed after application and a period during which the pesticide component is gradually released after the elapse of the period. The nursery according to the above (1), which is a sustained-release pesticide granule. (3) Sustained-release pesticide granules weigh 0.1 mg per grain
The nursery according to the above (1) or (2), wherein the nursery bed has an amount of 5 to 5 mg. (4) The sustained-release pesticide granule according to any one of (1) to (3), wherein the pesticide granules are formed by coating the surface of pesticide particles with a coating material containing a resin. Nursery. (5) The nursery according to any one of the above (1) to (4), wherein the seed composite layer is formed of two layers: a sustained-release pesticide granule layer and a seed layer. (6) The seed composite layer is formed by applying a sustained-release pesticide granule on a floor soil layer and then seeding the seed on the sustained-release pesticide granule. The nursery according to any one of 1) to (5). (7) The above-mentioned (1) to (5), wherein the seed composite layer is formed by sowing the seed on the bed soil layer and further applying the sustained-release pesticide granule on the seed. ) The nursery according to any one of the above items. (8) The nursery according to any one of the above (1) to (7), wherein the seed composite layer further contains a coated granular fertilizer. (9) The coated granular fertilizer contained in the seed composite layer according to the above (8), wherein a layer is formed below the sustained-release pesticide granule layer and the seed layer. Nursery. (10) A method for growing a seedling of a crop, comprising raising the seedling using the nursery according to any one of the above (1) to (9). (11) A method for cultivating a crop, wherein a seedling raised using the nursery according to any one of the above (1) to (9) is transplanted or planted in a main field.

[0009]

Embodiments of the present invention will be described below. The structure of the nursery according to the present invention is a seed comprising a sustained-release pesticide granule and seeds on a floor soil layer which is a water retention material prepared under the seeds for holding water necessary for raising seedlings and supporting the seedlings. A composite layer is formed, and a soil covering layer is formed on the seed composite layer.

[0010] In the nursery of the present invention, the bed soil layer is a layer consisting of the floor soil for holding the water necessary for raising the seedlings and supporting the seedlings.
Usually, it is 5 to 100 mm. The floor soil is prepared by adding an effective nitrogen, phosphoric acid, a fertilizer component such as potash and the like, a pH regulator, a pesticide and the like as necessary to a basic material such as a natural soil during the seedling raising period. It is desirable to use artificial soil. When natural soil is used as a base material for the floor soil, the soil is adjusted to pH 4.5 to 5.5 with a pH adjuster.
For example, a method of mixing a commercially available soil fungicide (for example, Tachigareace dust) or the like with a commercially available chemical fertilizer as a base fertilizer for a nursery can be exemplified.

Examples of the basic material include floor soil materials such as vermiculite, peat moss, coconut palm, perlite, charcoal, rock wool, etc., in addition to natural soil, and these can be used alone or in combination of two or more. Used as By using these flooring materials, the weight reduction of the seedbed can be expected. The nursery may be formed either outdoors or indoors, but the seedlings are usually grown in a nursery box. In the present invention, the seedlings are preferably formed in the nursery box.

In the nursery according to the present invention, the seed composite layer may be a state in which the sustained-release pesticide granule and the seed are mixed, or a layer in which the sustained-release pesticide granule layer and the seed layer are stacked adjacent to each other and substantially mixed. Although it is a layer in a state, the former is preferable because it is necessary to mix the sustained-release pesticide granules and seeds in advance, whereas the latter is preferable because this preliminary mixing is not necessary and labor can be saved,
In this case, any of the upper and lower sides of the sustained-release pesticide granule layer and the seed layer may be used. The seed may be sown after applying the sustained-release pesticide granule first, or the sustained-release pesticide granule may be applied after sowing the seed first. Furthermore, the sustained-release pesticide granule and the seed may be each formed into a seed composite layer uniformly distributed depending on the application amount and the application area.

[0013] In the seedbed of the present invention, since the sustained-release pesticide granules and seeds are present in the vicinity of the seed composite layer formed on the bed soil layer, the roots of the seedlings of the grown seedlings are surely formed. They will hold sustained release pesticide granules. There is no need to uniformly mix pesticides in the floor soil. In addition, in a series of work of sowing seeds and sustained-release pesticide granules on the bed soil layer, by adjusting the ratio of pesticides in the seed composite layer, crop varieties, field conditions, seedling transplantation The application rate can be changed according to the timing. Furthermore, when the seedlings are raised in this nursery, the roots of all the seedlings are almost uniform and come into contact with all the sustained-release pesticide granules applied at the time of the preparation of the nursery, so that the released pesticide components and the roots of the seedlings The contact ratio increases, and the utilization efficiency also increases.

In the nursery according to the present invention, seeds include food crops (rice, wheat, legumes, potatoes, etc.) and craft crops (tea, tea, etc.).
Field crops such as tobacco, sugar beet, sugar cane, cotton, etc., feed crops (grass, legumes, etc.), vegetables (Solanaceae, Cucurbitaceae,
Seeds of cultivated crops such as cruciferous plants, flowers and fruit trees, and seeds of any crops for raising seedlings such as turf and trees can be used. In the seedbed of the present invention, the soil used for the covering soil layer formed on the floor soil layer may be the soil used for the floor soil layer that has been taken in advance, or a different cultivation soil may be prepared. May be.

In the nursery according to the present invention, the sustained-release pesticide granule means that a pesticide component not formulated is released into the environment such as water immediately after application, whereas it is gradually released (eluted) by processing the formulation. ), And the sustained release is one day or more as a measure of sustained release. Examples of sustained-release pesticide granules include, for example, water-soluble polymers having gelling ability (eg,
Polyacrylic acid) (JP-A-58-219103), and those using adsorbent carriers (eg, acid clay, white carbon) (JP-A-58-219103).
8003) divalent or higher valent inorganic metal salts (eg, Al,
One using Cr, Co, Cu, Fe, Mg, Zn salt (Japanese Patent Publication No. 6-76282), one using a water-soluble organic acid salt (JP-A-8-175903), and coating with a resin (Japanese Patent Publication No. 64-5002). That is, in the present invention, the sustained-release pesticide granules mean all forms of sustained-release pesticide granules including coated and uncoated. Among these sustained-release pesticide granules, a coated pesticide granule in which the surface of the pesticide particles is coated with a coating material containing a resin has excellent sustained-release properties and is preferred because release is continued for a long time.

The sustained-release pesticide granules used in the present invention are not particularly limited in particle size and shape, and may be any of columnar fine particles and pills generally referred to as granules in the field of pesticide preparations. It may be something. And the production method of these granules is not particularly limited.

The sustained-release pesticide granule used in the present invention contains one or more grains per plant at the root of the strain at the time of transplanting seedlings, so that a high pest control effect can be exhibited. Is 0.1 to 5 mg, preferably 1 to 4 mg. If the weight per grain is less than 0.1 mg, the particles become finer, and if water adheres to the feeder of the pesticide compound installed in the seeder, etc., the water droplets are easily caught and accumulate and accumulate. There is a problem, such as doing. Also, if the weight per tablet exceeds 5 mg,
Since the number of applications per plant is small, variations tend to occur, making it difficult to exert uniform and stable efficacy. here,
The weight per grain may be measured one by one, but 100
The weight may be weighed using grains, and the average value may be used.

For example, the sustained release pesticide granule application rate is 100 g
/ Paddy rice seedling box (inner diameter: 28cm in height x 58cm in width x 3 in height)
cm, seed rice: 160 g, equivalent to 4000 strains), the treatment is 25 mg per strain, and if the weight of one grain exceeds 25 mg, one grain of rice cannot be treated. Similarly, the application rate of the sustained-release pesticide preparation is 50 g / 12.5 mg /
At the time of plant treatment, if the weight of one grain exceeds 12.5 mg, one grain of rice cannot be treated. Taking these into consideration, if the amount is 0.1 mg to 5 mg per grain, the sustained release pesticide granule application rate is one or more per plant under the above conditions, which is preferable in terms of uniform application of the pesticide granules.

The application rate of the sustained-release pesticide granule according to the present invention depends on the kind of the pesticide ingredient to be used, but generally, a rice seedling box (inner diameter: 28 cm long × 58 cm wide × 3 cm high) is used as a preparation.
m) 20 ~ 200g per plant, 0.5 ~ for planting hole treatment
3 g / strain, from the viewpoint of obtaining stable efficacy and improving work efficiency, preferably a paddy rice nursery box (inner diameter:
30cm ~ 1 per 28cm length x 58cm width x 3cm height)
50 g, 0.8 to 2 g / strain for planting hole treatment.

The weight of the sustained-release pesticide granules depends on the apparent specific gravity of the preparation, but is generally 5 mg / grain and has a diameter of 1.0 to 1.8 mm. Therefore, particles having a desired weight may be prepared on the basis of those having these particle diameters.

When the sustained-release pesticide granule has a time-release type sustained release function, the release of the pesticide component is suppressed for a certain period after application, and the release of the pesticide component is continued after a certain period of time. This is preferable because the pesticide component can be released according to the growth pattern of the crop. The above-mentioned timed release type sustained release function means a release pattern consisting of a release suppression period in which release is suppressed for a certain period after application and a release period in which rapid release is started after a certain period elapses,
Specifically, a period from application to the release of 10% by weight of the pesticidal active ingredient in the sustained-release pesticide granule is defined as a release suppression period,
When the period from the 10% by weight release date to the 90% by weight release date is defined as the release period, the ratio of the release suppression period / release period means 0.2 or more, but is preferably 0.4 or more and 10 or less in the present invention. And more preferably 0.5 or more and 5 or less.

The timed release type sustained release function may be based on any mechanism, but the sustained release pesticide granule contains a resin on the surface of the pesticide particles (hereinafter referred to as core material). A coated pesticide granule coated with a coating material can provide a timed release type sustained release function with high precision. In order to release the pesticide components of the coated pesticide from the surface layer of the coating to the outside, as described in the following patent publication, the pesticide granules inside the coating are destroyed or dissolved and the pesticide granules inside the coating are exposed to the environment (soil, Water etc.)
Has been achieved by direct exposure to JP-A-6-93
03, JP-A-6-9304, JP-A-6-7
JP-A-2805 and JP-A-6-80514 disclose coated pesticide granules having a time-release function having two coating layers. From the viewpoint of cost and the like, it is preferable that the coating is a single layer.

Examples of coated pesticide granules which achieve a time-release type sustained release function with a single layer film include, for example, Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No.
JP-77608-A discloses a coated pesticide granule in which the surface of a core material composed of at least one or more pesticidal components and at least one or more water-swellable substances is coated with a coating mainly composed of a resin. it can. After the coated pesticide granule of this composition is applied to a field or the like, the water supplied to the field acts on the water-swellable substance of the core material due to the moisture permeability of the film, and the core material starts to swell. Due to the stress caused by the swelling of the water-swellable substance, the coating collapses after a certain period of time, and the core material is directly exposed to the environment (soil, water, etc.) outside the coating.

In the nursery of the present invention, by applying a coated pesticide as a sustained-release pesticide granule, a nursery bed in which the release rate of the pesticide component is controlled is obtained, and the application amount and the number of applications are estimated in advance. By doing so, it is possible to grow seedlings with the required amount of application and the number of applications, and it is possible to apply most of the amount of pesticides required during the entire cultivation period, and in some cases, the entire amount without any excess or deficiency at the time of producing nursery beds . The coated pesticide granules used in the present invention are obtained by coating a surface of a core material containing at least one or more pesticide components with a coating material containing a resin. The resin may be either a thermoplastic resin or a thermosetting resin, preferably a thermoplastic resin, and more preferably an olefin resin such as polyethylene or polypropylene. In addition to the resin, an auxiliary component may be added to the coating material in order to adjust the temperature dependency, impart the decomposability of the coating, and reduce the cost of the coating material.

The auxiliary component is 0.1 to 100 μm
And fine powders of minerals such as talc and mica, sugar polymer powders such as starch, metal complexes such as sulfur, iron acetylacetone, nickel dibutyldithiocarbamate, etc., and various functions are added to the coated pesticide granules. can do.

The pesticide component used in the sustained-release pesticide granules of the present invention is preferably in the form of a solid powder at room temperature, but may be liquid at room temperature. In the present invention, the pesticide may be water-soluble, hardly water-soluble, or water-insoluble, and is not particularly limited. Preferably, it is a systemic pesticidal component, and more preferably, it is a systemic pesticide and a pesticide. Among them, those which cause no phytotoxicity during application or those with little phytotoxicity are more preferable.

The following are examples of pesticidal ingredients that can be used in the sustained-release pesticide granules of the present invention. These pesticide components may be used alone or in combination of two or more. Examples of pest control agents include (E) -N ¹ -[(6-chloro-3-pyridyl) methyl] -N ² -cyano-N ¹ -methylacetamidine (generic name: acetamiprid), 1- (6 -Chloro-3-pyridylmethyl) -N-nitroimidazolidin-2-ylideneamine (generic name: imidacloprid), O, O-diethyl-S-2- (ethylthio) ethyl phosphorodithioate (generic name: ethylthiomethone), 2, 3-dihydro-2,2-dimethyl-7-benzo [b] furanyl = N-
Dibutylaminothio-N-methylcarbamate (generic name: carbosulfan), (E) -N- (6-chloro-
3-pyridylmethyl) -N-ethyl-N'-methyl-2
-Nitrovinylidene diamine (generic name: nitenpyram),

(±) -5-amino- (2,6-dichloro-α, α, α-trifluoro-p-toluyl) -4-trifluoromethylsulfinylpyrazole-3-carbonitrile (generic name: fipronil) , Butyl = 2,3-
Dihydro-2,2-dimethylbenzofuran-7-yl =
N, N'-dimethyl-N, N'-thiodicarbamate (general name: furatiocarb), ethyl = N- [2,3-
Dihydro-2,2-dimethylbenzofuran-7-yloxycarbonyl (methyl) aminothio] -N-isopropyl-β-alaninate (generic name: benflacarb);
And 1-naphthyl-N-methyl carbamate (generic name: NAC).

Examples of the disease control agent include (1RS, 3S
R) -2,2-Dichloro-N- [1- (4-chlorophenyl) ethyl] -1-ethyl-3-methylcyclopropanecarboxamide (general name: carpropamide), 5-methyl-1,2,4-triazolo [3,4-b] benzothiazole (generic name: tricyclazole), 1,2,5
6-tetrahydropyrrolo [3,2,1-ij] quinolin-4-one (generic name: pyroquilon), (RS) -5-chloro-N- (1,3-dihydro-1,1,3-trimethyliso Benzofuran-4-yl) -1,3-dimethylpyrazole-4-carboxamide (generic name: flametopyr), and 3-allyloxy-1,2-benzisothiazole-1,1-dioxide (generic name: probenazole),

4'-chloro-2 '-(α-hydroxybenzyl) isonicotinanilide (generic name: inabenfide), (E)-(S) 1- (4-chlorophenyl)-
4,4-dimethyl-2- (1H-1,2,4-triazol-1-yl) penta-1-en-3-ol (generic name: uniconazole P), calcium peroxide, (2R
S, 3RS) -1- (4-Chlorophenyl) -4,4-
Dimethyl-2- (1H-1,2,4-triazole-1
-Yl) pentan-3-ol (generic name: paclobutrazol) and the like. Further, the pesticidal active ingredient in the present invention also includes a substance that is synthesized by plants and induces phytoalexin, which is a low-molecular-weight antibacterial substance that accumulates in plants.

In the nursery according to the present invention, the seed composite layer comprises:
If necessary, a coated granular fertilizer can be contained.
Here, examples of the coated granular fertilizer include urea, ammonium sulfate, ammonium nitrate, ammonium chloride, ammonium phosphate, calcium nitrate, nitrogenous fertilizers such as potassium nitrate, ammonium phosphate, potassium phosphate, heavy superphosphate, lime superphosphate, and phosphoric acid. A granular material consisting of one or more fertilizers selected from the group of phosphate fertilizers such as calcium, potassium fertilizers such as potassium chloride, potassium sulfate, potassium nitrate, potassium phosphate, etc. is coated with a film and physically coated. The component elution rate was adjusted. For example, L
P coat (manufactured by Chisso Corporation), Long (manufactured by Asahi Kasei Corporation), Mcoat (manufactured by Mitsubishi Chemical Corporation), Ceracoat (Central Glass Co., Ltd.), and the like.

As a method for producing the coated pesticide granules and the coated granular fertilizer, the surface of the pesticide granules or the granular fertilizer serving as a core material is coated with a coating material, and the coating method includes a fluidized bed coating method and a spouted bed coating method. And a rolling coating method. In the present invention, any of these coating methods may be used. However, a spouted bed coating method is used in which a coating liquid obtained by dissolving and suspending a coating material in a solvent is spray-coated on a core material surface with respect to a flowing granular material using a spouted bed. The method is preferred.

In the nursery according to the present invention, the coated granular fertilizer is a kind of coated granular fertilizer, and by suppressing the initial elution amount of the fertilizer component for a certain period of time, the cumulative elution rate of the fertilizer component is represented on the vertical axis. It is preferable to use a sigmoid-type coated granular fertilizer that shows the relationship between the two by expressing the number of days elapsed after fertilization on the horizontal axis, and shows a sigmoid-type elution characteristic. Specifically, when the period from the application until the fertilizer component elutes at 10% by weight is defined as the elution inhibition period, and the period from the 10% by weight elution date to the 80% by weight elution date is defined as the release period, the elution inhibition period / It means an elution pattern in which the ratio of the elution period is 0.2 or more.

The sigmoid-type coated granular fertilizer comprises urea,
Nitrogenous fertilizers such as ammonium sulfate, ammonium nitrate, ammonium chloride, calcium nitrate, potassium nitrate, etc., and phosphate fertilizers such as ammonium phosphate, potassium phosphate, heavy superphosphate, lime superphosphate, calcium phosphate, potassium chloride, potassium sulfate, nitrate Potash,
Single fertilizers such as potash fertilizers such as potassium phosphate, complex fertilizers containing two or three components out of nitrogen, phosphoric acid, and potash (chemical formation, NK Kasei, phosphoric acid, etc.). It is a processed coated granular fertilizer. Here, the complex fertilizer may contain formic acid and trace elements. In addition, as an example of the sigmoid type coated granular fertilizer used in the present invention, 25
Cumulative elution rate of fertilizer components in water at 30 ° C for 30 days is 0
-10% can be used, but preferably 0-5%
Is preferable, and among them, the one having 0 to 3% is most preferable. When these fertilizers are used, the initial elution amount of the fertilizer component is further suppressed, so that fertilization does not occur in any variety of crops, field conditions, seedling transplantation time, etc. The total amount of fertilizer required during the cultivation period can be included.

As described above, when the sigmoid-type coated granular fertilizer is applied, even if a larger amount of fertilizer comes into contact with the root of the seedling than a normal coated granular fertilizer, burning does not occur.
The mechanism of dissolution of the fertilizer component of the coated granular fertilizer includes those in which the fertilizer component in the coating elutes due to cracks in the coating itself and those in which the fertilizer elutes by diffusion.The sigmoid-type coated granular fertilizer depends on its application. Water molecules in the soil penetrate through the resin membrane and enter the membrane, and the granular fertilizer is dissolved by the water molecules, increasing the internal pressure, and the fertilizer components are eluted into the soil, resulting in a sigmoid-type elution. It has characteristics. And since the elution pattern of this fertilizer component has a certain rule in various soil conditions, the supply pattern of the fertilizer component under cultivation can be quantified and predicted, and the required amount of fertilization during the cultivation period is usually calculated. Can be calculated more accurately than in the case of the coated granular fertilizer.

In the nursery according to the present invention, when the seed composite layer contains the coated granular fertilizer, the seed composite layer is formed by uniformly mixing the coated granular fertilizer, the sustained-release pesticide granule, and the seed. In addition to the state of layers, three layers are adjacently stacked in a two-layer state consisting of a layer in which two of the three are mixed and the remaining layer, or in a three-layer state in which three are separately stacked Any state may be used as long as it is substantially mixed. Among these, a method of forming a seed composite layer by applying a coated granular fertilizer on a bed soil layer and then applying a sustained-release pesticide granule and seed on the coated granular fertilizer during the seedling raising period This is preferable because the influence of a small amount of fertilizer component leaking from the sigmoid-type coated granular fertilizer can be avoided.

The method for raising and cultivating a crop using a nursery according to the present invention is a method for raising a seedling using any of the aforementioned nurseries, and then transplanting or transplanting the grown seedling to the main field. In the nursery bed preparation step of the present invention, the soil required for raising seedlings is retained, a bed soil supporting the seedlings is laid at a nursery place, and the sustained-release pesticide granule and seeds are sown in the same layer on the bed soil. A seedbed is prepared by covering the seed layer with soil. Then
In the seedling raising step, by growing the seeds in the seedbed having the above structure, the roots of the seedlings grown from the seeds grow the seedlings in which the sustained-release pesticide granules applied at the time of the seedbed preparation are held at the roots near the roots. . In the transplanting step, the seedlings holding the sustained-release pesticide granules at the roots in this way are transplanted to the main field, whereby the sustained-release pesticide granules applied during the preparation of the nursery bed are also transferred to the main field together with the seedlings. . Then, in the main field process, the seedlings are transplanted or planted in the main field, and the sustained-release pesticide granules transferred to the main field together with the seedlings can be used as pesticides in the main field.

Further, by raising the seeds by including the coated granular fertilizer in the seed composite layer,
Seedlings grown from seeds grow seedlings that hold the sustained-release pesticide granules and coated granular fertilizer near the seeds at the root near the root. In the transplanting step, the seedling thus firmly holding the sustained-release pesticide granules and the coated granular fertilizer at the roots is transplanted into this field, so that the sustained-release pesticide granules and the coated granular fertilizer applied at the time of the nursery are also prepared. It is moved to the main field with it.
Then, in the main field process, the seedlings are transplanted or settled in the main field, and the sustained-release pesticide granules transferred to the main field together with the seedlings can be used as the pesticide in the main field, and the coated granular fertilizer can be used as the fertilizer in the main field. .

[0039]

EXAMPLES The present invention will be described below with reference to examples, but the present invention is not limited to these examples. 1. Production of sustained-release pesticide granules (a) Production of core material 3 parts by weight of 1- (6-chloro-3-pyridylmethyl) -N-nitroimidazolidin-2-ylideneamine (70% by weight) and 5- Methyl-1,2,4
After uniformly mixing 7 parts by weight of triazolo [3,4-b] benzothiazole (containing 75% by weight), 70 parts by weight of bentonite, 19 parts by weight of clay, and 1 part by weight of magnesium ligninsulfonate with a mixer, 20 parts by weight of water were mixed. And kneaded. After extruding and granulating the kneaded material with a screw extruder (dice hole diameter: 0.8 mm), the granulated material was subjected to a rotating disk-type granulator (made by Fuji Paudal, Malmerizer QJ-400). The granules were sized under the following operating conditions to obtain granules. Next, the granulated product was dried at 80 ° C. using a circulating hot air dryer, and then sieved to obtain a core material having a size of 0.85 to 1.4 mm (mesh opening). Operating conditions Operating method: Batch type Operating time: 2 min Plate pitch: 1 mm Number of revolutions: 788 r / min Charge: 3 liters (per time)

(B) Coating of core material Using a spouted bed coating apparatus (tower diameter 250 mm, height 3000 mm) shown in FIG. 1, (a) the surface of the core material obtained in the production of the core material is Density polyethylene (MFR = 6.6-
7.4 g / 10 min) 32% by weight, talc (average particle size 5 μm) 74% by weight, ferric acetylacetone 1% by weight
And a coating material having a coverage of 18% to obtain a coated pesticide granule having an average weight of 2.5 mg per particle. The manufacturing conditions are as follows. In addition, the coating rate is the weight (b) of the coating with respect to the coated pesticide granules assuming that the sum of the weight (a) of the pesticide particles (a) and the weight (b) of the coating is 100%.
And is a value obtained by the calculation formula [b × 100 / (a + b)].

For coating, a coating material was dissolved and suspended in tetrachloroethylene to use a 5.0 wt% uniform coating material dissolution suspension. One-fluid nozzle: Opening 0.4 mm full cone type Core material: 3 kg Hot air temperature: 100 ± 2 ° C. Hot air volume: 4 m ³ / min Spray flow rate: 0.2 kg / min In the coating process, the core material in flow reached 70 ° C. Starting from the point in time, after spraying for a predetermined time, drying was performed for 10 minutes. The solvent was recovered by a condenser, used again after removing foreign substances, and used again.

2. Release function confirmation test A release function confirmation test of the coated pesticide granules obtained by manufacturing the sustained release pesticide granules was performed. The release confirmation test measures the time (release start time) until the pesticide component is released from the inner core material to the outside by the cracking of the coating of the coated pesticide granules and the destruction of the coating. is there. The test method and test results are shown below. Test tube with cap (12
mm × 72 mm) and one coated pesticide granule and 1.5 m of water
1 was capped. One hundred tubes (particles) were prepared and immersed in a water bath at a water temperature of 20 ° C. Immediately thereafter, the number of disintegrations was counted by observing the presence or absence of the disintegration of the coated pesticide granules every day. The obtained data is plotted on a graph in which the vertical axis represents the cumulative release rate (the cumulative number of disintegrations of the coated pesticide granules to be tested) and the horizontal axis represents the number of days elapsed, and 10% release from the start of the test (film collapse).
D1 (release control period) up to 9
The number of days d2 (release period) leading to 0% release was read. As a result, d1 was 23 days and d2 was 20 days.

Separately, 1 g of the coated pesticide granules is poured into a predetermined amount of water, immersed in water at a constant water temperature of 20 ° C., and after a certain period of time, the coated pesticide granules are removed. Pesticide components in the water were measured. The concentration of the pesticide component in the aqueous solution was measured using a high performance liquid chromatograph (486 from Waters).
(Tunable UV / VIS detector). As a result, when the coating of the coated pesticide granule was not disintegrated, that is, when the release rate was 0%, no pesticide component was detected, and it was confirmed that the pesticide component was not released through the coating. According to the above test, It was confirmed that the coated pesticide granules produced by manufacturing the sustained release pesticide granules have a time-release type sustained release function.

Examples 1 to 3 and Comparative Examples 1 and 2 will be described below. The cultivation method other than those described is the customary method (Ashita Agricultural Cooperative, Taura Agricultural Cooperative, and Ashikita Agricultural Improvement and Dissemination Center). Published, "1998 Rice Cultivation Standards"). Example 1 The structure of the nursery used in Example 1 will be described with reference to FIG. This seedbed is a floor soil layer 12, a seed composite layer 13 thereon, and a soil covering layer 1 covering the seed composite layer 13 in a nursery box 11.
4 The seedling raising box 11 is a commonly used resin-made commercial product having a length of 30 cm, a width of 60 cm, and a height of 3 cm. The soil to be used as the floor soil layer 12 and the cover soil layer 14 is:
Commercial cultivation soil (“Kumiai black grain cultivation soil”) containing 1 g of each of nitrogen, phosphoric acid and potassium per one nursery box 11
The floor soil layer 12 is obtained by uniformly laying 3 kg / box of this commercially available soil in the seedling raising box 11. The thickness of the floor soil layer was 17 mm on average.

The seed composite layer 13 is composed of a seed layer 13a formed by uniformly sown 180 g / box of germinated paddy of paddy rice (variety “Hinohikari”) on the floor soil layer 12. 50 g of coated pesticide granules produced by manufacturing sustained release pesticide granules
It consisted of two layers of a sustained-release pesticide granule layer 13b formed by uniformly applying a box on the seed layer 13a, and the thickness of the seed composite layer was 2 mm on average. Further, the seed composite layer 13 was lightly covered with the cultivation soil to prepare a nursery. The thickness of the covering layer 14 was 11 mm on average.

When the seed rice is sown, usually, the seed rice is stored in a dry state.
The seedlings are germinated by flowing water at about 5 ° C. for about 5 days, swelled with water, and seeded as germinated rice. Further, in the present embodiment, when creating a nursery bed having the above-described structure, cultivation of a bed soil layer 12 is laid in a nursery box 11, watering is performed, and seeds 13a and pesticides 13b are treated in the same layer. To process. These operations were performed in the same manner.

Example 2 The structure of the nursery used in Example 2 will be described with reference to FIG. The seedbed is provided in the seedling raising box 11 with the floor soil layer 12, the seed composite layer 13 thereon, and the seed composite layer 1 as in the first embodiment.
3 is composed of a soil covering layer 14 covering the seed composite layer 13.
The positions of the seed layer 13a and the sustained-release pesticide granule layer 13b were turned upside down. Other than that, the material of the layer, the thickness of the layer, and the manufacturing procedure are the same as those in the first embodiment.

Example 3 The structure of the nursery used in Example 3 will be described with reference to FIG. The seedbed is provided in the seedling raising box 11 with the floor soil layer 12, the seed composite layer 13 thereon, and the seed composite layer 1 as in the first embodiment.
3 is composed of a soil covering layer 14 covering the seed composite layer 13.
Is formed from a seed layer 13a, a sustained-release pesticide granule layer 13b, and a coated granular fertilizer layer 13c. Example 1 of the floor soil layer 12
And the thickness was 16 mm on average.
The seed composite layer 13 is made of a sigmoid-type coated granular fertilizer such as “Seedling Box N400-100” (Chisso Asahi Fertilizer Co., Ltd.)
A coated granular fertilizer layer 13c formed by uniformly applying 600 g / box on the floor soil layer 12 and a germ paddy paddy rice 180 g / box of paddy rice (variety "Hinohikari") are uniformly distributed on the coated granular fertilizer layer 13c. Formed seed layer 13a sowed on
1. The coated pesticide granules manufactured by manufacturing the sustained-release pesticide granules are each composed of three layers: a sustained-release pesticide granule layer 13b formed by uniformly applying 50 g / box on the seed layer 13a; The thickness of the seed composite layer was 6 mm on average. Furthermore,
The seed composite layer 13 was lightly covered with the commercially available soil to produce a nursery. The thickness of the covering layer 14 is 8 mm on average
Met.

Comparative Example 1 Using a simple mixer in advance, the above commercially available soil was mixed with 1. Coated pesticide granules produced in the production of sustained release pesticide granules
The resulting mixture 305 was uniformly mixed at a weight ratio of 0: 1.
0 g / box is laid in a nursery box as shown in FIG. 5, and seedling layer 180 g / box of paddy rice (variety “Hinohikari”) seed paddy is sown thereon as seed layer 13 a, which is further covered with earth covering layer 14. A nursery was prepared in the same manner as in Example 1 except for the above.

Comparative Example 2 A seed layer 13a consisting only of germinated rice seeds was prepared by removing the sustained-release pesticide granule layer pesticide 13b from the seed composite layer of the nursery bed of Example 1.
2 and a soil covering layer 14 on the seed layer 13a.
And a nursery was prepared in the same manner as in Example 1 except for the above. Using the nurseries (nurse raising boxes) of Examples 1 to 3 and Comparative Examples 1 and 2, seedlings were raised in the Ashikita district of Kumamoto Prefecture for three weeks from May 10, 1998. For raising seedlings, the seedling raising box was placed in a normal house, and heating was performed for 3 weeks without heating. Irrigation was appropriately performed so that the surface of the cover soil was not dried. The growth condition was observed every day, and three weeks later, the seedlings were taken out of the nursery box and the root condition was observed.

When Examples 1 to 3 and Comparative Examples 1 and 2 were compared, in Comparative Example 1, the growth started to be slightly delayed from about two weeks after the start of the seedling raising, and showed signs of growth disorder. To investigate the cause, mix the cultivated soil and the pesticide granules produced by the above-mentioned "Manufacture of sustained-release pesticide granules" uniformly using the mixer used in the comparative example, and then sample the pesticide granules. Then, when subjected to the “release function confirmation test”, d1 was shortened from 23 days to 9 days. It is presumed that the coating was damaged during mixing and a large amount of pesticide components were released. After 3 weeks, the roots of Examples 1 to 3 and Comparative Example 2 were both formed in a mat-like shape. In particular, Example 3 was designed to firmly wrap the coated granular fertilizer applied by the root near the root. hand,
I was holding.

From these results, when forming the seed composite layer, the seed was sown and then the sustained-release pesticide granule was applied, or the sustained-release pesticide granule was applied and the seed was sown. It has been found that the desired action and effect can be obtained without any trouble even if the seed and the sustained-release pesticide granule are present adjacent to each other with the coated granular fertilizer fertilizer.

Next, the seedlings grown in the nurseries of Examples 1 and 2 and Comparative Example 2 were planted on a paddy field in the Ashikita area of Kumamoto Prefecture on June 1, 1998 as 20 boxes of nursery boxes per 10 ares of Honda. Transplanted by machine. At this time, all the sustained-release pesticide granules applied to the nursery box in Examples 1 and 2 were brought to Honda, and the work of further applying the pesticide granules was not performed. In the case of Comparative Example 2, 50 g / box of commercially available Beam Admire granules (manufactured by Kumiai Chemical Co., Ltd.) was applied before transplantation, and then transplanted to Honda. The cultivation of Examples 1 and 2 and Comparative Example 2 was carried out in Honda as “LP-V50” (NP ₂ O ₅₎ as a base fertilizer.
−K ₂ O = 7-7-7, sold by Chisso Asahi Fertilizer Co., Ltd.) 50
kg / 10 are applied. Others were cultivated in accordance with the customary law (Ashikita Agricultural Cooperative, Taura Agricultural Cooperative, and Ashikita Agricultural Improvement and Dissemination Center, "Rice Cultivation Standards for 1998").

As a result of observing the growth status from the rice planting to July 31, 1998, Examples 1 and 2 showed sufficient medicinal effects similarly to Comparative Example 2, and the nursery of the present invention saved labor for pesticide application work. Has been achieved.

[0055]

According to the present invention, there is provided a bed soil layer which retains moisture necessary for raising seedlings and supports the seedlings, the bed soil in a state where at least one kind of sustained-release pesticide granules and seeds are substantially mixed. A seedbed comprising a seed composite layer formed on a layer, a soil covering layer formed on the seed composite layer, and a method for cultivating a crop using the seedbed. In the nursery according to the present invention, the work of uniformly mixing the pesticide granules with the soil used as the bed soil becomes unnecessary, and the soil and the pesticide can be applied by a machine, thereby achieving labor saving. In the cultivation method of the present invention, by using the nursery, the applied sustained-release pesticide granule is held in the root of the seedling and does not spill when transplanted from the nursery to the main field. As a result, it has been expected that the use efficiency of pesticides can be improved and the application rate can be reduced, and the variation in the growth of seedlings can be further reduced.

[Brief description of the drawings]

FIG. 1 is a sectional view of a spouted bed.

FIG. 2 is an explanatory view showing the structure of a nursery according to the first embodiment.

FIG. 3 is an explanatory view showing a structure of a nursery according to a second embodiment.

FIG. 4 is an explanatory view showing the structure of a nursery according to a third embodiment.

FIG. 5 is an explanatory view showing the structure of a nursery bed in Comparative Example 1.

[Explanation of symbols]

 DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Spout tower 2 Spray nozzle 3 Core material (pesticide particles) 4 Hot air supply pipe 5 Coating material introduction pipe 6 Guide pipe 7 Extraction port 11 Nursery bed 12 Floor soil layer 13 Seed composite layer 13a Seed layer 13b Sustained release pesticide granule layer 13c Coated granular fertilizer layer 14 Soil layer

Claims (11)

[Claims] 1. A seedbed comprising a floor soil layer, a seed composite layer formed on the floor soil layer, and a cover soil layer formed on the seed composite layer, wherein the seed composite layer has at least a sustained release. A nursery comprising a pesticide granule and a seed. 2. A time-release type sustained release function in which a sustained release pesticide granule has a period during which the release of the pesticide component is suppressed after application, and a period during which the pesticide component is gradually released after the elapse of the period. The nursery according to claim 1, which is a sustained-release pesticide granule having: 3. The sustained-release pesticide granule has a weight per grain of 0.1 mg to 5 mg.
Or the nursery according to 2. 4. The nursery according to claim 1, wherein the sustained-release pesticide granule is a coated pesticide granule formed by coating the surface of pesticide particles with a coating material containing a resin. 5. The seed composite layer is formed from two layers: a sustained-release pesticide granule layer and a seed layer.
The nursery according to any one of the above. 6. The seed composite layer is formed by applying a sustained-release pesticide granule on a bed soil layer, and further sowing a seed on the sustained-release pesticide granule. The nursery according to any one of claims 1 to 5. 7. The seed composite layer is formed by sowing seeds on a bed soil layer and applying a sustained-release pesticide granule on the seeds. The nursery according to any one of the above. 8. The nursery according to claim 1, wherein the seed composite layer further contains a coated granular fertilizer. 9. The nursery according to claim 8, wherein the coated granular fertilizer contained in the seed composite layer according to claim 8 forms a layer below the sustained-release pesticide granule layer and the seed layer. . 10. A method for growing a seedling of a crop, comprising raising the seedling using the nursery according to any one of claims 1 to 9. 11. A method for cultivating a crop, wherein a seedling raised using the nursery according to any one of claims 1 to 9 is transplanted or planted in a main field.