CN114521361B

CN114521361B - Quinoa seed pelleting method

Info

Publication number: CN114521361B
Application number: CN202210129601.7A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 毋玲玲; 王玉红; 宿翠翠; 王笑; 蔺毅
Original assignee: Gansu Agricultural Engineering Technology Research Institute
Current assignee: Gansu Agricultural Engineering Technology Research Institute
Priority date: 2022-02-11
Filing date: 2022-02-11
Publication date: 2023-08-01
Anticipated expiration: 2042-02-11
Also published as: CN114521361A

Abstract

The invention discloses a quinoa seed pelleting method. Belongs to the technical field of agriculture. The method comprises the following steps of: talcum powder, bentonite and self-made additive, wherein the self-made additive is mevalonate, aclonil, aclitai and Biqing. According to the invention, the optimal pelleting times of quinoa seeds, namely 3.0 times of chemical adding treatment, are screened out by carrying out germination test measurement and field planting on quinoa pelleting seeds with different times, so that the purpose of precision seeding is achieved.

Description

Quinoa seed pelleting method

Technical Field

The invention relates to the technical field of agriculture, in particular to a quinoa seed pelleting method.

Background

Quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa willd.) is a plant of the genus quinoa of the family chenopodiaceae. The quinoa flower is amphoteric, the inflorescence is umbrella-shaped, spike-shaped and conical, the quinoa seeds are smaller, the quinoa seeds are small round medicine slices, the diameter is 1.5-2mm, and the thousand grain weight is 1.4-3g. The small seeds have the problems of difficult sowing, serious resource loss, high labor cost and the like.

The small seed pelleting can realize mechanical precision seeding, ensure full seedling and strong seedling, save seed consumption, reduce the number of times of manual thinning, reduce labor cost and increasingly draw attention of people.

In recent years, many expert scholars have conducted pelleting tests of small seeds. However, few people screen out the optimal multiple of the pelleting of the small seeds and the proper raw materials.

Therefore, how to provide a quinoa seed pelleting method is a problem which needs to be solved by the person skilled in the art.

Disclosure of Invention

In view of this, the present invention provides a method of pelleting quinoa seeds. The seed pelleting is a novel seed processing technology, which adopts the principle of layered coating, selects a filler which is easy to absorb water and has no corrosion, takes the seed as a core, gradually mixes the medicine materials with nontoxic auxiliary filler under the action of an adhesive and uniformly wraps the surface of the seed, thereby achieving the purposes of changing the shape of the seed and expanding the volume of the seed. So that small seeds can be mechanically and precisely sown. Meanwhile, the seeding machine realizes the seeding with fertilizer and medicine to be placed in the field, plays roles of protecting and strengthening seedlings, regulating plant growth, improving the antibody resisting of seeds and the like.

In order to achieve the above purpose, the present invention adopts the following technical scheme:

a quinoa seed pelleting method comprises the following steps of pelleting seeds: talcum powder, bentonite and additives, wherein the additives are mevalonate, aclonil, aclitalopram and Biqing.

Preferably: the mass ratio of talcum powder to bentonite to additives is 15:5:2.

preferably: the dosage of fludioxonil is 3-4 ml/kg bare seed; the mass concentration of the aclitadine is 2%, and the dosage is 4g/kg of bare seeds; the amount of green protection is 2g/kg of bare seeds.

The invention provides application of the quinoa seed pelleting method in agricultural production.

Preferably: promoting the improvement of seed quality.

Compared with the prior art, the invention discloses a quinoa seed pelleting method, which has the technical effects that the optimal quinoa seed pelleting multiple (the weight of the shell of quinoa seed pelleting is a multiple of the weight of the whole seed, hereinafter referred to as multiple) is screened out through the measurement of germination tests and field planting of quinoa pelleting seeds with different multiples, namely, 3.0 times of chemical adding treatment (the larger the pelleting multiple is, the larger the grain size is, wherein the grain size is mainly the uniformity of the pelleting seeds) is inspected, and the purpose of precision sowing is achieved.

Drawings

In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings that are required to be used in the embodiments or the description of the prior art will be briefly described below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only embodiments of the present invention, and that other drawings can be obtained according to the provided drawings without inventive effort for a person skilled in the art.

FIG. 1 is a flow chart of the seed pelleting process provided by the invention.

Detailed Description

The following description of the embodiments of the present invention will be made clearly and completely with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which it is apparent that the embodiments described are only some embodiments of the present invention, but not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be made by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the invention without making any inventive effort, are intended to be within the scope of the invention.

The embodiment of the invention discloses a quinoa seed pelleting method.

In the embodiment, the fertilizer special for quinoa: the commercial nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizer is prepared by proportioning conventional fertilizers according to the growth requirements of quinoa.

In addition, the raw materials and equipment which are not mentioned are all obtained by conventional commercial methods, and are not described in detail herein.

Example 1

Test materials

Materials: the seed of quinoa under test is pelleted (pelleting treatment is carried out on the basis of the quinoa No. 1, the quinoa No. 1 is provided by grass accumulation of the academy of agricultural sciences of Gansu province), the seed of the CK control group, namely the naked seed of quinoa No. 1, a culture dish, filter paper, a plastic cup, a preservative film, talcum powder, bentonite and an additive.

The self-made additive comprises:

and (3) an insecticide: chenopodium quinoa is easy to be damaged by flea beetles, beetles and other pests in the seedling stage, and 2% (powder) of aclitanium with low pesticide residue is selected for ensuring the full seedling rate.

Nutritional agent: the green pepper contains more than 30 components such as indoleacetic acid, gibberellin, abscisic acid, cytokinin, ethylene, brassinolide and the like, so that the emergence speed is accelerated, and the seedlings are ensured to be even and strong.

Disease preventing agent: the main components of the mefenoxam and the fludioxonil can effectively prevent and control the downy mildew of quinoa.

The dosage is as follows: (2% powder Alketazine 4g+2g Biprotected+3-4 ml fine Methoxyfludioxonil)/kg bare seed

1) Fludioxonil, dosage form: suspending seed coating agent;

2) Aclitadine (thiamethoxam as a main component), dosage form: a powder;

3) Green protection, dosage form: wettable powder.

Fludioxonil, aclitai and pecan are all commercially available (ex zhengda group).

The pelletization process is a conventional production technology process: putting the selected seeds into a pelleting machine, starting the pelleting machine and a liquid supply machine, spraying and stirring, and slowly adding raw materials with different proportions to uniformly wrap the surfaces of the seeds. Spraying liquid, feeding and pelleting intermittently to reach the multiple of the required pelleted seeds, coating and pelleting the processed seeds, and finally taking out the pelleted coated seeds and timely drying or sun-drying. The materials should be sealed and packaged after baking or sun drying, and stored in a dry place (see figure 1).

Comparative test

In the experiment, the medicine added and not added refers to self-made additive: a combination of an insecticide, a nutritional agent, and a disease preventing agent.

Magnification and treatment table 1 below defines talc as a, bentonite as B, and additive as C.

Table 1 Chenopodium quinoa pellet magnification and treatment

Germination test on culture dish paper

2 layers of filter paper are filled in a culture dish with the diameter of 90cm, a little water is dripped into the filter paper to moisten the filter paper, a random number is taken and the test seeds are placed on the filter paper, and the filter paper is watered, observed and recorded regularly. 20 test seeds were placed in each dish, 3 replicates, and Chenopodium longum No. 1 seed was used as a control.

The first day is to add some water to make the seeds fully absorb water and expand, and then the water is controlled every day after adding water, the inclined vessel is not accumulated, and the filter paper is thrown out and kept wet.

The method of plastic cup and conventional farmland soil is adopted. Wet nutrient soil is put into a plastic cup with the diameter of 90cm, test seeds are taken at random and buried in the soil, and a preservative film is covered. And (5) watering, observing and recording regularly. 20 seeds of the drug-adding test seeds are placed in each plastic cup, 3 repeats are carried out, and the bare seeds of the Chenopodium longum No. 1 seed are used as a control. The results are shown in Table 2.

TABLE 2 germination percentage, germination potential and germination index of different multiples of the pelleting of quinoa seed with drug

From the germination and emergence conditions in Table 2, the culture dish is adopted as a germination bed, so that the pelleting and germination time of quinoa seeds is short and the emergence speed is high; and soil is used as a germination bed, so that the quinoa seeds are long in pelleting germination time and low in emergence speed. Quinoa seed pelleting gradually decreases with increasing multiples of the germination rate, germination vigor and germination index of the pelleting seeds. The control group and the pelleting test group have obvious difference (p < 0.05), the germination rate, the germination potential and the germination index of the 2.5 times of quinoa seed pelleting are all superior to those of quinoa seed pelleting of other times, and the optimal times of quinoa seed pelleting is 3.0 times of quinoa seed pelleting.

Indicating that the thicker the shell, the slower the water absorption dissolution of the quinoa seed pelleting multiple, and the slower the water absorption germination of the seed embryo. When the germination rate test is carried out indoors, 20 pelleted seeds are placed due to the small volume of a culture dish and a plastic cup, and the germination and growth of seed embryos are restricted by the smell of insecticidal and disease-preventing agents released after the pelleted substances are dissolved.

Pill multiple of quinoa seeds without adding medicines and soil culture germination test with different water contents

(1) The germination temperature is 20 ℃.

(2) The number of days of the test was 5d.

(3) The amplification factor without adding pill is 2.5,3.0,4.0,5.0,6.0 and the bare seed.

(4) The water content of the soil is 6%,10%,15%,20%

TABLE 3 soil germination test with different moisture content

It can be seen from table 3 that the germination rate of the pellets was in an upward trend with an increase in the water content, and when the water content was 6%, the germination rate of all the pellets was 0; the germination rate reached 100% at a water content of 15% by 2.5-fold treatment and 3.0-fold treatment. The germination rate reached 100 at 20% water content by 4.0 times treatment, 5.0 times treatment and 6.0 times treatment. From this, it was found that the water consumption was small at 2.5 times and 3.0 times, and the treatment was more economical. However, when the magnification is 2.5, the quinoa pellets are smaller, which is not beneficial to precision sowing. Therefore, 3.0 times treatment is optimal.

Further, adding medicines:

table 4 soil-culture germination test at different moisture contents

The test was performed on the basis of the above test, and it can be seen from table 4 that the germination rate of the pellets was in a trend of ascending and then descending with the ascending of the water content, and the germination rate of all the pellets was the highest when the water content was 12%; when the water content is 15%, the germination rate of the bare seed is highest. From this, it was found that the pelletization germination rate of quinoa seeds was optimal when the water content was 12%. Wherein, the pelleting germination rate of quinoa seeds is best when the magnification is 4.0, and the treatment time is 3.0 times. And under the same water content condition, the seedlings which are treated are tidy and strong in growth vigor. And when the magnification is 5.0, the seedling grows slightly.

Therefore, it is clear from Table 4 that the germination percentage of quinoa seeds in pelleting at 4.0 magnification is preferably 3.0 times. However, from an economical point of view, the 3.0-fold treatment is more economical because of the smaller amount of materials such as the chemicals used.

Comparative experiment 2

Field test

Test design

The quinoa seeds under 16 different treatments (each group A: B is 15:5, the difference is only whether to add drugs and films) were pelleted, and the quinoa pelletization test was performed in a village of big tree county, wu Weishi east county, gansu province, and a random granule test was adopted. Applying fertilizer special for quinoa before sowing, applying 50 kg/mu as base fertilizer at a time, rotary tillage for 15-20 cm, and grinding and compacting. And (3) performing film covering dibbling when the soil moisture content is good after rain, wherein each film is 4 rows, 5-8 seeds are planted in each hole, the sowing depth is 1-3 cm, the plant spacing is 15cm, and the row spacing is 23cm. And 3-4 leaves are grown for time seedling, 5-6 leaves are grown for time seedling, 1-2 plants are reserved in each hole, and meanwhile, timely weeding is performed, so that the normal growth of the quinoa is ensured.

Measurement index

Investigation of emergence rate (emergence rate = number of emergence holes/total number of holes sowed x 100%)

The emergence rate was investigated as shown in table 5.

Table 5 investigation of the rate of emergence of quinoa pellets

From Table 5, it can be initially derived that quinoa seed pelleting treatment has higher emergence rate than non-treatment, wherein the emergence rate under T3 treatment is highest, and the treatments T2 and T4 are next; meanwhile, the difference of the film coating modes can be known to have no influence on the emergence rate.

Comparative experiment 3

The pelleting test index of quinoa seeds is shown in table 6, and the proportion of A, B added per kilogram of naked seeds is 15:5. only the granulation times were different, only in the dosing and non-dosing treatments.

Table 6 test of pelleting of quinoa seeds

From table 6 above, it can be seen that the particle sizes of the non-dosed and dosed quinoa seed pellets differ little, so that it can be derived that the treatment with the pharmaceutical agent has no influence on the particle size of the quinoa seed pellets. However, the single grain strength and the hydrolysis time of quinoa seed pelletization are greatly influenced, and in general, the single grain strength of the pelletization of the quinoa seed with the drug is stronger than that of the pelletization of the quinoa seed without the drug. When the magnification of the quinoa seed pelleting is larger, the grain size of the seed pelleting is larger; the larger the seed pelleting particle size is, the larger the single particle strength is; the greater the individual particle strength, the longer the hydrolysis time. In general, the hydrolysis time of the pelletization of the dosed quinoa seeds is longer than the hydrolysis time of the pelletization of the non-dosed quinoa seeds, in terms of hydrolysis time. It was found by experiment that the hydrolysis time was most preferable at 20-30s, because exceeding 30s, cracking was not easy, resulting in reduced emergence rate. The compression strength is poor when the cracking speed is lower than 20s, and the drug effect is not well exerted. It follows that 2.5 times dosing, 3.0 times dosing, 4.times treatment and 5.0 times non-dosing treatment are all suitable. However, when the magnification is 2.5, the quinoa pellets are smaller, which is not beneficial to precision sowing. 4.0 times treatment and 5.0 times treatment, consuming materials and being uneconomical. Therefore, 3.0 times of the treatment with the drug is optimal.

Comparative experiment 4

For A: b: the C proportion was studied and the results are shown in Table 7

TABLE 7

The seed pelleting technology is a novel technology with wide application prospect, can not only improve the quality of seeds, but also reduce the labor capacity of farmers, saves fine seeds, is beneficial to precision seeding, and is a necessary way for modernization of small seed production. Through indoor tests, field tests and proportion tests, the optimal quinoa seed pelleting multiple of 3.0 times of dosing treatment is screened out in each comparison experiment. The test provides powerful help for application of quinoa seed pelleting to field tests. Experiments have been carried out for many years.

The quinoa has high nutritive value, and as a health food, a medicament with small pesticide residue and good control effect is required to be selected in the control of plant diseases and insect pests. The use of the screened alctai leads to less pesticide residue in the quinoa; the use of the nutritional agent (Bibao) can effectively break seed dormancy, activate cells, accelerate the emergence speed, promote rooting and promote the growth of seedlings; the difficulty in preventing and controlling the downy mildew of the quinoa is high, and the fludioxonil can effectively prevent and control the downy mildew of the quinoa. Therefore, the three medicaments are selected as components of additives in the quinoa seed pelleting formula.

In the present specification, each embodiment is described in a progressive manner, and each embodiment is mainly described in a different point from other embodiments, and identical and similar parts between the embodiments are all enough to refer to each other.

The previous description of the disclosed embodiments is provided to enable any person skilled in the art to make or use the present invention. Various modifications to these embodiments will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art, and the generic principles defined herein may be applied to other embodiments without departing from the spirit or scope of the invention. Thus, the present invention is not intended to be limited to the embodiments shown herein but is to be accorded the widest scope consistent with the principles and novel features disclosed herein.

Claims

1. A method for pelleting quinoa seeds, which is characterized in that the seeds are pelleted by using the following raw materials: talcum powder, bentonite and an additive, wherein the additive is mevalonate, aclonil, aclitai and Biqing;

the mass ratio of the talcum powder to the bentonite to the additive is 15:5:2;

the dosage of the fludioxonil is 3-4 ml/kg bare seed; the mass concentration of the aclitanium is 2%, and the dosage is 4g/kg of bare seeds; the amount of the green protection is 2g/kg of bare seeds;

the hull weight of quinoa seed pelleting is 3 times the total seed weight.

2. Use of the method for pelleting quinoa seeds according to claim 1 in agricultural production.

3. Use according to claim 2, characterized in that it promotes an increase in seed quality.