CN114521361A

CN114521361A - Quinoa seed pelleting method

Info

Publication number: CN114521361A
Application number: CN202210129601.7A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 毋玲玲; 王玉红; 宿翠翠; 王笑; 蔺毅
Original assignee: Gansu Agricultural Engineering Technology Research Institute
Current assignee: Gansu Agricultural Engineering Technology Research Institute
Priority date: 2022-02-11
Filing date: 2022-02-11
Publication date: 2022-05-24
Anticipated expiration: 2042-02-11
Also published as: CN114521361B

Abstract

The invention discloses a quinoa seed pelleting method. Belongs to the technical field of agriculture. Comprises the following raw materials: talcum powder, bentonite and a self-made additive, wherein the self-made additive is fludioxonil, Acetamol and Bibao. According to the invention, through determination of a germination test and field planting of the chenopodium quinoa linn granulated seeds with different multiples, the optimal chenopodium quinoa linn seed granulated multiple is screened out, namely 3.0 times of drug addition treatment is carried out, and the purpose of precision seeding is achieved.

Description

Quinoa seed pelleting method

Technical Field

The invention relates to the technical field of agriculture, in particular to a quinoa seed pelleting method.

Background

Quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa willld.) is a plant of the genus Chenopodium of the family Chenopodiaceae. The quinoa flower is amphoteric, inflorescence is umbrella-shaped, spike-shaped or cone-shaped, quinoa seed is small, and is in the form of small round tablet, its diameter is 1.5-2mm, and its thousand grain weight is 1.4-3 g. The small-sized seeds have the problems of difficult sowing, serious resource loss, high labor cost and the like.

The small-sized seeds are pelletized, so that mechanical precision seeding can be realized, the whole strong seedlings are ensured, the seed consumption is saved, the manual thinning frequency is reduced, the labor cost is reduced, and people pay more and more attention.

In recent years, many experts and scholars have conducted small-sized seed pelleting tests. However, few people select the optimum times of pelleting small-sized seeds and the appropriate raw materials.

Therefore, how to provide a quinoa seed pelleting method is a problem which needs to be solved urgently by the technical personnel in the field.

Disclosure of Invention

In view of this, the present invention provides a quinoa seed pelleting method. The seed pelleting is a novel seed processing technology, adopts the principle of layered coating, selects fillers which are easy to absorb water and have no corrosion, takes seeds as cores, and uniformly coats the surfaces of the seeds after mixing a plurality of trace elements of fertilizer, insecticide, bactericide and the like with nontoxic auxiliary fillers gradually under the action of an adhesive, thereby achieving the purposes of changing the shapes of the seeds and enlarging the volume of the seeds. So that small-sized seeds can be mechanically sown in a precise manner. Meanwhile, the seeds are fertilized and put into the field with the pesticide, and the effects of protecting and strengthening the seedlings, regulating the growth of plants, improving the resistance of the seeds and the like are achieved.

In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:

a quinoa seed pelleting method comprises the following steps of pelleting seeds: talcum powder, bentonite and an additive, wherein the additive is fludioxonil, Acetamol and Bibao.

Preferably, the following components: the mass ratio of the talcum powder to the bentonite to the additive is 15: 5: 2.

preferably, the following components: the consumption of fludioxonil is 3-4 ml/kg of naked seeds; the mass concentration of the Acetamol is 2 percent, and the dosage is 4g/kg of naked seeds; the amount of Bibao is 2g/kg of naked seeds.

The invention provides application of the quinoa seed pelleting method in agricultural production.

Preferably: promoting the improvement of seed quality.

Through the technical scheme, compared with the prior art, the chenopodium quinoa seed pelleting method disclosed by the invention has the technical effect that the optimal chenopodium quinoa seed pelleting multiple (the weight of the shell of chenopodium quinoa seed pelleting is the multiple of the weight of the whole seed, which is hereinafter referred to as multiple) is screened out through the measurement of a germination test and field planting of chenopodium quinoa seed pelleting seeds with different multiples, namely, the 3.0-time dosing treatment (the larger the pelleting multiple is, the larger the particle size is, wherein the particle size is mainly used for inspecting the uniformity of the pelleted seed), and the purpose of precision seeding is achieved.

Drawings

In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly described below, it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only embodiments of the present invention, and for those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained according to the provided drawings without creative efforts.

FIG. 1 is a flow chart of a seed pelleting process provided by the invention.

Detailed Description

The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be obtained by a person skilled in the art without making any creative effort based on the embodiments in the present invention, belong to the protection scope of the present invention.

The embodiment of the invention discloses a quinoa seed pelleting method.

The special fertilizer for quinoa in the embodiment is as follows: the nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium fertilizer is a conventional fertilizer prepared by proportioning the commercial nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium fertilizer according to the growth requirements of chenopodium quinoa.

In addition, the raw materials and equipment which are not mentioned are all obtained by conventional commercial routes, and are not described in detail herein.

Example 1

Test materials

Materials: the quinoa seeds for the test were pelletized (the quinoa No. 1 was provided by the grass-storing institute of agriculture academy of sciences, Gansu province), CK control seeds-quinoa No. 1 naked seeds, culture dish, filter paper, plastic cup, preservative film, talcum powder, bentonite, and additives.

The self-made additive comprises:

insecticide: chenopodium quinoa is easily damaged by pests such as flea beetles and weevils in the seedling stage, and 2% (powder) of Acetat with low pesticide residue is selected to ensure the whole seedling rate.

A nutrient agent: the product contains over 30 components of indoleacetic acid, gibberellin, abscisic acid, cytokinin, ethylene, brassinolide and the like, and can accelerate the seedling emergence and ensure the seedlings to be uniform and strong.

The disease prevention agent comprises: fludioxonil, the main components of metalaxyl-M and fludioxonil can effectively prevent and control the downy mildew of quinoa.

The dosage is as follows: (2% powder of Acetamol 4g +2g Bibao + 3-4 ml fine methyl fludioxonil)/kg naked seed

1) Fludioxonil, dosage form: suspending seed coating agent;

2) acetamol (main ingredient thiamethoxam), dosage form: powder preparation;

3) bibao, dosage form: wettable powder.

Fludioxonil, Acetamol and Binbu were purchased commercially (Zhan GmbH).

The pelleting process is a conventional production technology: placing the selected seeds into a pelleting machine, starting the pelleting machine and a liquid supply machine, stirring while spraying, and slowly adding raw materials with different proportions to uniformly coat the surfaces of the seeds. Spraying liquid, feeding and pelleting are carried out discontinuously in this way, the times of the pelleted seeds are reached, the pelleting of the coating of the processed seeds is finished, and finally the pelleted coating seeds are taken out and dried or dried in the sun in time. After being dried or sun-dried, the mixture should be sealed and packaged, and stored in a dry place (see fig. 1).

Comparative test

In the experiment, the drugs added and not added refer to self-made additives: combinations of insecticides, nutrients and disease control agents.

The magnification and treatment are as in table 1 below, with talc being defined as a, bentonite as B, and additive as C.

TABLE 1 quinoa pill amplification factor and treatment

Germination test on Petri dish paper

Filling 2 layers of filter paper in a culture dish with the diameter of 90cm, dripping a little water to moisten the filter paper, randomly taking a test seed, putting the test seed on the filter paper, watering at regular intervals, observing and recording. 20 test seeds were placed in each dish, and 3 replicates were used as controls with seeds of Long Chenopodium album No. 1.

Adding a certain amount of water properly on the first day so that the seeds fully absorb water and swell, and then controlling the water content to be kept in the inclined vessel without water accumulation after adding water every day, and preferably keeping the filter paper wet.

The method of plastic cup and conventional farmland soil is adopted. Wet nutrient soil is put into a plastic cup with the diameter of 90cm, a test seed is randomly taken and buried in the soil, and a preservative film is covered. Watering, observing and recording regularly. 20 pills of the seeds are put in each plastic cup and added with the medicine for test planting, and the seeds are used as the control in 3 times. The results are shown in Table 2.

TABLE 2 germination rate, germination potential and germination index of medicated chenopodium quinoa seed pellets of different multiples

As can be seen from the germination and seedling emergence conditions in the table 2, the culture dish is used as a germination bed, the germination time of the chenopodium quinoa seeds in a pelleting mode is short, and the seedling emergence speed is high; and soil is adopted as a germination bed, so that the pelleting germination time of the chenopodium quinoa seeds is long, and the seedling emergence speed is slow. The chenopodium quinoa seed pelleting gradually reduces the germination rate, the germination potential and the germination index of pelleted seeds along with the increase of the times. The contrast group and the pelleting test group have significant difference (p is less than 0.05), and the germination rate, the germination potential and the germination index of 2.5 times of the chenopodium quinoa seed pelleting are all superior to those of other times of chenopodium quinoa seed pelleting, which are the best times of chenopodium quinoa seed pelleting and are 3.0 times of chenopodium quinoa seed pelleting times.

The higher the granulation multiple of the quinoa seeds, the thicker the shell, the slower the water absorption and dissolution, and the slower the water absorption and germination of the embryo of the seeds. And moreover, the quinoa seeds are single seeds, and when a germination percentage test is carried out indoors, due to the fact that the volumes of a culture dish and a plastic cup are small, 20 pelletized seeds are placed, and the germination and growth of the embryo of the seeds are limited by the odor of pesticide and disease-preventing agent medicines released after the pellets are dissolved.

Do not add medicine quinoa seed pelletization multiple and different moisture content soil culture germination test

The germination temperature is 20 ℃.

② the test days is 5 days.

③ 2.5, 3.0, 4.0, 5.0, 6.0 and naked seeds.

Fourthly, the water content of the soil is respectively 6 percent, 10 percent, 15 percent and 20 percent

TABLE 3 soil culture germination test with different water contents

As can be seen from table 3, the germination rates of the pelletized granules show an increasing trend with the increase of the water content, and the germination rates of all the pelletized granules are 0 when the water content is 6%; the germination rate reached 100% at a water content of 15% in the 2.5-fold treatment and the 3.0-fold treatment. The germination rate reached 100 at a water content of 20% in the 4.0-fold treatment, the 5.0-fold treatment and the 6.0-fold treatment. From this, it is understood that the treatment of 2.5 times and the treatment of 3.0 times require a smaller amount of water, and are more economical. However, when the magnification is 2.5, the small particles of quinoa are not conducive to precision seeding. Therefore, the treatment is most suitable for 3.0 times.

Further, adding medicine for treatment:

TABLE 4 germination test in soil culture with different water contents

The test was conducted on the basis of the above test, and it can be seen from table 4 that the germination rate of the pelletized granules tends to increase first and then decrease as the water content increases, and when the water content is 12%, the germination rate of all the pelletized granules is the highest; when the water content is 15%, the germination rate of the naked seed is the highest. Therefore, the chenopodium quinoa seed pelleting germination rate is optimal when the water content is 12%. Wherein, the pelleting germination rate of the quinoa seeds is the best when the magnification is 4.0, and the treatment is carried out for 3.0 times. And under the condition of the same water content, the growth vigor of the two treated seedlings is regular and strong. And when the magnification is 5.0, the seedlings grow thinly and weakly.

Therefore, as can be seen from Table 4, the rate of germination of quinoa seeds in pellet form was the best when the magnification was 4.0, and the treatment was performed 3.0 times. However, from an economic point of view, the 3.0-fold treatment is more economical because less material such as a drug is used.

Comparative experiment 2

Field test

Design of experiments

Chenopodium quinoa seeds under 16 different treatments (each group A: B is 15: 5, and the difference is only whether the medicine and the film are added) are pelletized, and a Chenopodium quinoa pelletization test is carried out in a certain village of a big tree county in Dongxiang county of Wuwei City, Gansu province, and a random block test is adopted. Applying the special quinoa fertilizer before sowing, applying 50 kg/mu of the special quinoa fertilizer as a base fertilizer at one time, carrying out rotary tillage for 15-20 cm, and grinding and compacting. And (3) when the soil moisture content is better after raining, performing film mulching and dibbling, wherein 4 lines are planted on each film, 5-8 seeds are planted in each hole, the sowing depth is 1-3 cm, the plant spacing is 15cm, and the line spacing is 23 cm. And (3) thinning when the quinoa grows to 3-4 leaves, fixing seedlings when 5-6 leaves are grown, reserving 1-2 seedlings in each hole, and weeding in time to ensure the normal growth of the quinoa.

Measurement index

Rate of emergence investigation (rate of emergence: number of holes for emergence/total number of holes for sowing x 100%)

The emergence rates were investigated in table 5.

TABLE 5 quinoa pelleting emergence rate survey

From table 5, it can be preliminarily found that the rate of emergence of quinoa seeds in pelletization and dosing treatment is higher than that in non-dosing treatment, wherein the rate of emergence under the treatment of T3 is the highest, and the rate under the treatment of T2 and T4 is the next time; meanwhile, the difference of the film covering mode basically has no influence on the emergence rate.

Comparative experiment 3

The indexes of the quinoa seed pelleting test are shown in table 6, wherein A, B added to each kilogram of naked seeds are 15 percent in the same proportion: 5. only the pelleting times are different, and the difference is only in the treatment of adding and not adding medicines.

TABLE 6 quinoa seed pelleting test

From the above table 6, it can be seen that the difference between the particle sizes of the chenopodium quinoa seed pelleting without adding the drug and the particle size of the chenopodium quinoa seed pelleting with adding the drug is not large, so that the effect of the drug treatment on the particle size of the chenopodium quinoa seed pelleting can be obtained. However, the influence on the single-particle strength and hydrolysis time of the quinoa pelleting is large, and generally, the single-particle strength of the quinoa pelleting with the medicine is stronger than that of the quinoa pelleting without the medicine. When the pelleting amplification factor of the quinoa seeds is larger, the pelleting particle size of the seeds is larger; the larger the particle size of the seed pelleting is, the larger the single-particle strength is; the greater the single particle strength, the longer the hydrolysis time. In terms of hydrolysis time, the hydrolysis time of the medicated chenopodium quinoa seed pellets is generally longer than that of the non-medicated chenopodium quinoa seed pellets. It was found by experiment that hydrolysis times of 20-30s are best, since above 30s, cracking is less likely to occur, resulting in a reduced rate of emergence. The compression strength is poor when the cracking is too fast below 20s, and the drug effect is not good. From this, it was found that 2.5 times of the drug addition, 3.0 times of the drug addition, 4 times of the treatment and 5.0 times of the non-drug addition were suitable. However, when the magnification is 2.5, the quinoa pelleted particles are small, which is not favorable for precision sowing. 4.0 times and 5.0 times, which is costly and uneconomical. Therefore, 3.0 times of the drug addition treatment is the best.

Comparative experiment 4

For A: b: the C ratio was investigated and the results are shown in Table 7

TABLE 7

The seed pelleting technology is a new technology with wide application prospect, can not only improve the quality of seeds, but also reduce the labor capacity of farmers, save fine seeds, is beneficial to precision seeding and is a necessary way for modernization of small-particle seed production. The optimal quinoa seed pelleting multiple is 3.0 times of the drug addition treatment is screened out through indoor tests, field tests and proportion tests in each comparison experiment. The test provides powerful help for the chenopodium quinoa seed pelleting application in field test. The test is proved by years of tests.

The quinoa has high nutritive value, and as a health food, a medicament with small pesticide residue and good control effect must be selected for controlling plant diseases and insect pests. The screened Acetat is used to ensure that the quinoa has less pesticide residue; the use of the nutritional agent (Bibao) can effectively break seed dormancy, activate cells, accelerate seedling emergence speed, promote rooting and make seedlings grow strongly; the control difficulty of the downy mildew of the quinoa is high, and the control difficulty is a great problem in the planting process of the quinoa, and the fludioxonil can effectively control the downy mildew of the quinoa. Therefore, the three medicaments are screened out to be used as the components of the additives in the quinoa seed pelleting formula.

The embodiments in the present description are described in a progressive manner, each embodiment focuses on differences from other embodiments, and the same and similar parts among the embodiments are referred to each other.

The previous description of the disclosed embodiments is provided to enable any person skilled in the art to make or use the present invention. Various modifications to these embodiments will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art, and the generic principles defined herein may be applied to other embodiments without departing from the spirit or scope of the invention. Thus, the present invention is not intended to be limited to the embodiments shown herein but is to be accorded the widest scope consistent with the principles and novel features disclosed herein.

Claims

1. A quinoa seed pelleting method is characterized by comprising the following steps of pelleting seeds: talcum powder, bentonite and an additive, wherein the additive is fludioxonil, Acetamol and Bibao.

2. The quinoa seed pelleting method according to claim 1, wherein the mass ratio of the talcum powder to the bentonite to the additive is 15: 5: 2.

3. the quinoa seed pelleting method according to claim 2, wherein the amount of fludioxonil is 3-4 ml/kg of naked seeds; the mass concentration of the Acetamol is 2%, and the dosage is 4g/kg of naked seeds; the amount of the propamol is 2g/kg of naked seeds.

4. Use of the quinoa seed pelleting method according to any one of claims 1 to 3 in agricultural production.

5. Use according to claim 4, wherein an increase in seed quality is facilitated.