CN103058764B - A coating agent and a method for pelleting seeds of Cynodondactylon (Linn.) Pers by using the coating agent - Google Patents
A coating agent and a method for pelleting seeds of Cynodondactylon (Linn.) Pers by using the coating agent Download PDFInfo
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- CN103058764B CN103058764B CN201210580404.3A CN201210580404A CN103058764B CN 103058764 B CN103058764 B CN 103058764B CN 201210580404 A CN201210580404 A CN 201210580404A CN 103058764 B CN103058764 B CN 103058764B
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Abstract
The present invention provides a coating agent and a method for pelleting seeds of Cynodondactylon (Linn.) Pers by using the coating agent. The coating agent comprises: a first coating agent which comprises a first filler; a second coating agent which comprises a second filler and fungicides; and nutritional agents. In some preferred embodiments, the first filler and the second filler include bentonite and white zeolite. The present invention also provides a method for pelleting seeds of Cynodondactylon (Linn.) Pers by using the coating agent and pelleted seeds prepared by using the method. The method for pelleting seeds of the invention has the advantages of simple operation steps in pelleting process, short pelleting time, low cost in pelleting materials, high pelleting rate,uniform pelletization, low multi-seed rate, etc.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to seed processing technology, more particularly, the pill pelleting seed the present invention relates to coating agent for seed, with this seed coating medicine, seed being carried out pelletized method and obtained by described method.
Background technology
Seed-pelleting treatment technology refers to that can realize productive target and commodity needs and don't affect the medicament of the original merit of seed, fertilizer, hormone and be wrapped in the surface of the seed to the auxiliary adding material that seed has no side effect etc. equably through special process and have definite shape, some strength, ganoid seed processing technology.It makes the large granulation of small-sized seed, seeds having abnormal shapingization, has not only been convenient to Mechanization sowing but also can insect protected diseases prevention; Not only saving of labor economized medicine but also increasing both production and income, was the another item seed treatment new technology after seed coating technology.Along with the development of Mechanization sowing demand, more and more higher requirement is proposed to precision drilling.Seed-pelleting is one of effective measures solving light seed (forest tree seed) the mechanization precision drilling of small-sized seed (as seeds such as vegetables, flowers, tobacco, herbages), rough surface seed (as beet, cotton seeds) and spy.It not only can ensure the quality sowed, and saves elite seed, and has positive effect for the disease prevention of seed, insect-pest; Meanwhile, if add some chemical fertilizer and various growth hormone at the surface of the seed, can greatly improve seed broadcast after ability of growing.
Seed-pelleting processing utilizes seed-pelleting equipment by coated on seed to active ingredient and the orderly layering of some auxiliary material, realizes seed body and amplify Sum fanction.Common seed-pelleting processing method mainly contains rotary process and floating method.(1) rotary process: also known as rolling comminution granulation.The adhesion property utilizing the surface of the seed feature and rotate between kettle inner surface, seed rotates with still body and constantly rolls, and quantitatively alternately adds powder and glue suspension according to the order of sequence gradually simultaneously, forms capsid at the surface of the seed.(2) floating method: also known as fluidized granulation method.Wind-force (air-flow) is utilized to make seed in still inner edge flowing limit rolling; in suspended state; alternately quantitatively apply material and glue suspension gradually according to the order of sequence to seed flow simultaneously; the surface of the seed is made to form certain thickness capsid because upper material is cohered in floating rolling, wherein better with the pelletized processing effect of floating method.
Seed-pelleting technology has following characteristics: 1) improve sowing performance.After small-sized seed is pelletized, volume increases and becomes heavy, and make to sow easy uniformity, after Precision Seeding, seed is not overlapping, without thinning operation, breeding not only can be made to be utilized effectively, and can reduce the amount of labour used.2) mechanical planting is beneficial to.Sowing seeds technology can meet the every biotechnological conditions required for seed growth growth to greatest extent, and can play species the advantage, pelletized technology can make those crops being not suitable for mechanical planting realize precision drilling.3) realize broadcasting front plant protection, sick worm is double to be controlled, and promotes plant growth.The outer field seed manure of pill pelleting seed can ensure that the seedling initial stage can obtain required nutriment, and insecticide wherein, bactericide have good control efficiency to soil insect, sprout term disease.4) drug effect is improved.Pelletizedly can to carry out by different level, the material mutually made a difference can be made to be isolated, play and improve drug effect and the object that do not injure seed vitality.5) resistance of breeding is strengthened.Various material can be added during seed-pelleting process and carry out Idiotype seed treatment, improve the drought resisting of seed, cold-resistant, waterlogging-resistant, antiweed ability etc.
But, in seed-pelleting process technology and equipment, be no matter that structural behaviour or the processing technology aspect of process equipment all needs carry out further investigation and optimize lifting further in prior art, mainly there is following problem:
(1) pelletized processing technology falls behind, and seed becomes ball weak effect, single seed rate, has seed rate, cracking severity etc. to need to improve.Large-scale, medium-sized pelleting equipment is expensive, and need to drop into comparatively large, processing seed price is high.
(2) what pelletized seed coating medicine used great majority adopted is wide spectrum, universal material, lacks specific aim, causes seed-pelleting practical application effect not remarkable.Also lack both free from environmental pollution at present, adhesion, resistance to pressure and cracking performance are good, again to the advanced and applicable seed-pelleting processing auxiliary material that seed has no adverse effects.
(3) insecticide that uses of pill pelleting seed or bactericide are poisoned large, and biologic product weak effect, has certain influence to percentage of seedgermination, and likely to the safety of environment and harm people and animals.
(4) pill pelleting seed germination rate is unstable, and under unfavorable condition, germination rate can obviously reduce.
At present, seed-pelleting technical scheme mainly adopts method as shown in Figure 1 to realize.First, seed is removed after cleaning impurity, dust and not full seed; Secondly the seed entering to clean processing is added pelleting equipment, carry out pelletized operation, according to the program of equipment setting in this operation process, various pelletized material is added successively in pill pelletizing formula ratio, as agricultural chemicals, chemical fertilizer, growth regulator, water-loss reducer, fertilizer-keeping agent, binding agent, powder, colouring agent etc., according to different pelletized objects, formulate different pelleting dressing agents; After pelletized operation completes, pill pelleting seed enters drying stage, can carry out mechanical drying and natural seasoning; Finally carry out screening packaging.
But there is following shortcoming in prior art processes flow process:
1, pelletized technology operation complex steps;
2, pelletized material cost high, the pelletized time is long, pill rate is low;
The problems such as 3, seediness rate is high, batch production capacity is low, irregular to powder, it is irregular to spray, water clock serious, glue pot, discharging has some setbacks.
Bermuda grass (Cynodondactylon (Linn.) Pers), grass family Cynodon perennial plant is a kind of excellent turfgrass, can also be used as feed or medicinal etc., generally comprise the Bermuda grass after common bermudagrass and improvement, tool has a large amount in variety.Grass seed is rare, not easily gather, and shape of the seed is irregular, tiny light weight, and thousand kernel weight is probably 0.23-0.28g (dehusked seeds per kilogram about 3,600,000, clean culture 10-15g/m
2; Non-dehusked seeds per kilogram about 3,300,000, seeding quantity 15-20g/m
2), be difficult to realize mechanical uniform sowing, therefore in the urgent need to carrying out pelletized process.But although there is various seed coating medicine at present, these seed coating medicines are not only expensive, and be used for being difficult to when carrying out pelletized to Bermuda grass seed obtain good result, cannot keep for a long time broadcasting rear effective cracking performance, slow release and high germination rate.Therefore the pill pelleting seed of the characteristic (climatic characteristic etc. comprising seed self character He adapt to) for Bermuda grass seed is starved of.
Summary of the invention
The present invention adopts technical scheme as described below to overcome one or more technical problems existing in prior art.
1, a Bermuda grass coating agent for seed, described seed coating medicine comprises:
First seed coating medicine, described first seed coating medicine comprises the first filler;
Second seed coating medicine, described second seed coating medicine comprises the second filler and bactericide; With
Nutritional agents.
2, the seed coating medicine according to technical scheme 1, wherein, described first filler is identical with the second filler.
3, the seed coating medicine according to technical scheme 1 or 2, wherein, described first filler is different with the second filler.
4, the seed coating medicine according to any one of technical scheme 1 to 3, wherein, described first filler and/or described second filler comprise at least two kinds of different fillers.
5, the seed coating medicine according to any one of technical scheme 1 to 4, wherein, described first filler and/or described second filler comprise one or more materials being selected from the group be made up of following material: bentonite, laubanite, kaolin, diatomite and talcum powder.
6, the seed coating medicine according to any one of technical scheme 1 to 5, wherein, described first filler and/or described second filler comprise bentonite and laubanite.
7, the seed coating medicine according to any one of technical scheme 1 to 6, wherein, described first filler and described second filler comprise bentonite and laubanite.
8, the seed coating medicine according to technical scheme 7, wherein, in described first filler, with the total weight of described first filler, bentonite accounts for 50% to 70%, and laubanite accounts for 30% to 50%.
9, the seed coating medicine according to any one of technical scheme 1 to 8, wherein, described bactericide comprises the bactericide that one or more are selected from the group be made up of following bactericide: carbendazim, mancozeb, zineb, thiophanate-methyl, tmtd and metalaxyl.
10, the seed coating medicine according to technical scheme 9, wherein, described bactericide comprises carbendazim.
11, the seed coating medicine according to technical scheme 10, wherein, described bactericide is 50% carbendazim.
12, the seed coating medicine according to technical scheme 11, wherein, in described second filler, with the total weight of described second seed coating medicine, 50% carbendazim accounts for 25% to 35%; Bentonite accounts for 45% to 55%, and laubanite accounts for 15% to 25%.
13, the seed coating medicine according to any one of technical scheme 1 to 12, wherein, described nutritional agents comprises one in the group being selected from and being made up of potassium sulfate, potassium dihydrogen phosphate, boric acid, zinc sulphate or many wonders matter.
14, the seed coating medicine according to any one of technical scheme 1 to 13, wherein, described nutritional agents is aqueous solution form.
15, the seed coating medicine according to any one of technical scheme 1 to 14, wherein, the weight ratio of Bermuda grass seed and described first seed coating medicine is 1: 2.0 to 2.5, and the weight ratio of Bermuda grass seed and described second seed coating medicine is 1: 0.5 to 1.0; The weight ratio of Bermuda grass seed and described nutritional agents is 1: 0.3 to 0.4.
16, the seed coating medicine according to technical scheme 15, the weight ratio of wherein said Bermuda grass seed and nutritional agents is 1: 0.338.
17, the method according to any one of technical scheme 1 to 16, the granularity of wherein said first filler and/or described second filler is 250 to 350 orders.
18, carry out a pelletized method to Bermuda grass seed, wherein, described method adopts the seed coating medicine according to any one of technical scheme 1 to 17 to carry out pelletized.
19, the method according to technical scheme 18, wherein, described method comprises the steps:
(1) moistening step, makes Bermuda grass the surface of the seed moistening;
(2) preparation applies step, and the Bermuda grass seed to surface wettability applies described seed coating medicine.
20, the method according to technical scheme 18 or 19, wherein, described moistening step uses water to soak.
21, the method according to any one of technical scheme 18 to 20, wherein, described moistening step adopts the solution of described nutritional agents to soak.
22, the method according to any one of technical scheme 18 to 21, wherein, described preparation applies step to carry out in the following way:
I () nutritional agents applies first step, spray the solution of described nutritional agents to described the surface of the seed;
(ii) the second seed coating medicine applies step, described second seed coating medicine is applied to the surface of described seed; With
(iii) nutritional agents applies second step, and the surface of the seed obtained to step (ii) sprays the solution of described nutritional agents;
(iv) the first seed coating medicine applies step, described first seed coating medicine is applied to the surface of described seed.
23, the method according to technical scheme 22; wherein; repeat 8 to 12 circulations of step (i), step (ii), step (iii) and step (iv) successively, and make the pelletized multiplying power of described seed be 2.8 times to 3.8 times.
24, the method according to any one of technical scheme 18 to 23, wherein, described Bermuda grass seed is dehusked seeds.
25, the method according to any one of technical scheme 18 to 24, wherein, described method also applies step comprising toner further after described applying step.
26, the method according to any one of technical scheme 18 to 25, wherein, described method also comprises further:
First screening step, described first screening step was carried out before described moistening step, treated that pelletized Bermuda grass seed has required cleanliness, purity and/or regularity for making;
Drying steps, described drying steps carries out after described preparation applies step;
Second screening step, described second screening step is carried out after described preparation applies step; And/or
Packaging step, described packaging step is used for packing the Bermuda grass seed after pelletized.
27, the method according to technical scheme 26, wherein, described drying steps carries out the temperature of 30 DEG C to 50 DEG C.
28, the pill pelleting seed that the method according to any one of technical scheme 18 to 27 is obtained.
The present invention is by implementing pill pelletizing coating to Bermuda grass seed, establish pill pelletizing coating agent prescription, pelletized technique, solve the problems such as uneven, pelletized frangible, the pelletized seediness rate of the seed-pelleting occurred in production process is high, and pelletized technique is simplified, save the pelletized time, pill rate is high; Solve the shortcoming that Bermuda grass dehusked seeds volume is little, quality gently, is not easily sowed simultaneously, ensure the quality of Bermuda grass capsuled seed, promote the raising of Bermuda grass seed-pelleting packaging technique level, for mechanization, the essence realizing grassland construction quantizes to create conditions.And pelletized technology operation step of the present invention is simple; The pelletized time is short, and pelletized the cost of material is low, and pill rate is relatively high; Pelletized evenly, seediness rate is relatively low.
Accompanying drawing explanation
The pelletized process technology flow chart of Fig. 1 grass seed
Fig. 2 Bermuda grass seed-pelleting coating process flow chart
Embodiment
As mentioned above, the present invention provides a kind of Bermuda grass coating agent for seed in first aspect, and described seed coating medicine comprises: the first seed coating medicine, and described first seed coating medicine comprises the first filler; Second seed coating medicine, described second seed coating medicine comprises the second filler and bactericide; And nutritional agents.
In some embodiments, described first filler is identical with the second filler, can simplify the preparation of described filler like this.But if needed, described first filler and the second filler also can be different.
Some preferred embodiment in, described first filler comprises at least two kinds of different fillers, can enrich the means regulating capsid performance like this, the capsid performance required for easily obtaining.Similar, preferably described second filler also comprises at least two kinds of different fillers.
Some preferred embodiment in, described first filler and/or described second filler comprise one or more materials being selected from the group be made up of following material: bentonite, laubanite, kaolin, diatomite and talcum powder, more preferably, described first filler and/or described second filler comprise bentonite and laubanite, further preferably, wherein, described first filler and described second filler comprise bentonite and laubanite.
Some preferred embodiment in, in described first filler, with the total weight of described first filler, bentonite accounts for 50% to 70%, such as, be 55%, 60%, 65% or 70%.
Some preferred embodiment in, in described first filler, laubanite accounts for 30% to 50%, such as, be 30%, 35%, 40%, 45% or 50%.
For at described second filler, described bactericide preferably comprises the bactericide that one or more are selected from the group be made up of following bactericide: carbendazim, mancozeb, zineb, thiophanate-methyl, tmtd and metalaxyl.Present inventor finds, Bermuda grass seed conventional seed planting environment there is complexity and encroach on Bermuda grass seed bacterium spectrum there is diversity, therefore preferably broad spectrum type bactericidal properties is used, such as use the bactericide (such as 50% carbendazim, 50% carbendazol wettable powder) comprising carbendazim.
In addition, with the total weight of described second seed coating medicine, preferably 50% carbendazim accounts for 25% to 35%, and such as 25%, 27%, 30%, 32% or 35%; With the total weight of described second seed coating medicine, bentonite accounts for 45% to 55%, and such as 45%, 47%, 50%, 53% or 55%; In addition, with the total weight of described second seed coating medicine, preferred laubanite accounts for 15% to 25%, and such as 15%, 16%, 18%, 20%, 22% or 25%.
For described nutritional agents, preferred described nutritional agents comprises potassium element and/or Zn-ef ficiency, such as comprise one or more materials in the group being selected from and being made up of potassium sulfate, potassium dihydrogen phosphate, boric acid, zinc sulphate, more preferably described nutritional agents comprises potassium sulfate, potassium dihydrogen phosphate, boric acid and zinc sulphate simultaneously.In addition, described nutritional agents is preferably solution form, is more preferably the form of the aqueous solution.Certainly, as required, the form of described nutritional agents also can be the solution form in other solvents.
For the amount of described first seed coating medicine that the surface of the seed wraps up, the weight ratio of preferred Bermuda grass seed and described first seed coating medicine is 1: 2.0 to 2.5, such as, be 1: 2.0,1: 2.1,1: 2.2,1: 2.3,1: 2.4 or 1: 2.5.
For the amount of described second seed coating medicine that the surface of the seed wraps up, the weight ratio of preferred Bermuda grass seed and described second seed coating medicine is 1: 0.5 to 1.0, such as 1: 0.6,1: 0.7,1: 0.8,1: 0.9 or 1: 1.0.
For the amount of the described nutritional agents that the surface of the seed wraps up, the weight ratio of preferred Bermuda grass seed and described nutritional agents is 1: 0.3 to 0.4, such as, be 1: 0.3,1: 0.338,1: 0.35,1: 0.37,1: 0.39 or 1: 0.40.
For filler described in described first filler and second, the present invention does not have special requirement.Such as, but consider from cracking performance, the granularity of described first filler is 250 to 350 orders, 250 orders, 270 orders, 280 orders, 290 orders, 300 orders, 310 orders, 320 orders, 330 orders, 340 orders or 350 orders.Based on same reason, described second filler also can have the granularity identical with described first filler.
Second aspect, the invention provides and a kind ofly carry out pelletized method to Bermuda grass seed, and wherein, the above-mentioned seed coating medicine of described method carries out pelletized.
Usually, described first seed coating medicine and/or described second seed coating medicine are pulvis.Described nutritional agents is liquor.But, if needed, described first seed coating medicine and/or described second seed coating medicine and/or described nutritional agents also can be other formulations; Such as described first seed coating medicine and/or described second seed coating medicine are pulvis, and described nutritional agents, as mentioned above, be liquor.In embodiment later, the present invention adopts described first seed coating medicine and described second seed coating medicine to be pulvis and described nutritional agents is liquor is described as an example.
When described first seed coating medicine and described second seed coating medicine are pulvis, generally before applying seed coating medicine to the surface of the seed, described first seed coating medicine and the second seed coating medicine all need to perform the step (hereinafter referred moistening step) making the surface of the seed wetting, so that can be attached on the surface of seed.Moistening step can adopt water to realize.The present invention has no particular limits described water, but from preventing the angle of damage by disease and insect from considering, described water is preferably aqua sterilisa.In addition, consider from the angle accurately controlling seed nutritional environment further, described water is through the deionized water of sterilizing.
In the present invention preferably, described nutritional agents is liquor, and described moistening step directly adopts described liquor to realize, and can reduce in prior art like this and adopt extra water to realize the wetting step of the surface of the seed.Such as, potassium sulfate, potassium dihydrogen phosphate, boric acid, zinc sulphate and water is selected to prepare the water aqueous solution containing 68.5%.
After moistening step, described method also comprises the preparation described first seed coating medicine, the second seed coating medicine and/or described nutritional agents (such as when adopting water to realize soaking and described nutritional agents is non-liquor) being applied to the surface of the seed and applies step.
In the present invention, there is no particular limitation to apply step to described preparation, and diverse ways can be adopted to make described first seed coating medicine, the second seed coating medicine and/or nutritional agents be applied to the surface of seed.But some preferred embodiment in, preferred described nutritional agents is the liquor for wetting the surface of the seed, and described preparation apply step comprise: (i) nutritional agents apply first step, spray the solution of described nutritional agents to described the surface of the seed; (ii) the second seed coating medicine applies step, described second seed coating medicine is applied to the surface of described seed; (iii) nutritional agents applies second step, and the surface of the seed obtained to step (ii) sprays the solution of described nutritional agents; (iv) the first seed coating medicine applies step, described first seed coating medicine is applied to the surface of described seed.
In preferred embodiment, repeat 8 to 12 circulations of step (i), step (ii), step (iii) and step (iv) successively, such as 9,10,11 or 12 circulations.From test and the various places demonstration plant situation result of the present inventor, Bermuda grass is pelletized is advisable with 2.8 ~ 3.8 multiplying powers, such as 2.8,2.9,3.0,3.1,3.2,3.3,3.4,3.5,3.6,3.7 or 3.8 multiplying powers.
Seed coating medicine of the present invention may be used for carrying out pelletized to band shell Bermuda grass seed, also may be used for carrying out pelletized to Bermuda grass dehusked seeds.Some preferred embodiment in, Bermuda grass seed is Bermuda grass dehusked seeds.
In some embodiments, described method be also included in preparation apply step terminate after colouring agent step.The present invention has no particular limits colouring agent, can use the colouring agent that this technical staff commonly uses, such as aqueous color paste.
In addition, in order to ensure the cleanliness of seed, purity and/or regularity, described method can also comprise the first screening step, and described first screening step was carried out, for removing floater, hybrid or other impurity before described moistening step.In the present invention, " screening " in described first screening step is sensu lato screening, is not limited to the screening referring to use sieve to carry out, also can refers to utilize wind-force to carry out " screening " (i.e. selection by winnowing).
In addition, after preparation applies step and colouring agent applies step (if any), described method can also comprise drying steps, described drying steps at room temperature can be carried out by natural seasoning, and drier (such as drying box) also can be utilized to carry out under controlled baking temperature.For Bermuda grass seed, described baking temperature can be the temperature of 30 DEG C to 50 DEG C, such as, be 30,32,35,38,40,43,45,47 or 50 DEG C.
In addition, described method can also comprise the second screening step, and described second screening step is screened the seed after pelletized, to provide the regularity of pelletized rear finished product seed.Same, in the present invention, " screening " in described second screening step is sensu lato screening, is not limited to the screening (i.e. sense stricto " screening ") referring to use sieve to carry out, also can refers to utilize wind-force to carry out " screening " (i.e. selection by winnowing).
For selection by winnowing, generally refer to and adopt natural wind or mechanical blowing to select seed, removing impurity, dust and not full seed.Sense stricto screening, generally refers to and selects different sieve to remove excessive or too small seed or impurity, to ensure the regularity of seed according to the size of seed.
Finally, described method can also comprise packaging step, namely by packaging step by the seed packaging after pelletized to facilitate the preservation, transport, sale etc. of seed.
Below with reference to the accompanying drawings by way of example Bermuda grass seed-pelleting coating method is described.
Fig. 1 is the pelletized process technology of grass seed and flow process, and first, grass seed entered to clean rear removal impurity, dust and not full seed; Secondly the seed entering to clean processing is added pelleting equipment, carry out pelletized operation, according to the program of equipment setting in this operation process, various pelletized material is added successively in pill pelletizing formula ratio, as agricultural chemicals, chemical fertilizer, growth regulator, water-loss reducer, fertilizer-keeping agent, binding agent, powder, colouring agent etc., according to different pelletized objects, formulate different pelleting dressing agents; After pelletized operation completes, pill pelleting seed enters drying stage, can carry out mechanical drying and natural seasoning; Finally carry out screening packaging.As mentioned above, there are the following problems: 1, complex operation step for pelletized method of the prior art; 2, pelletized material cost high, the pelletized time is long, pill rate is low; The problems such as 3, seediness rate is high, batch production capacity is low, irregular to powder, it is irregular to spray, water clock serious, glue pot, discharging has some setbacks.
Fig. 2 is the illustrative embodiment of Bermuda grass seed-pelleting coating process.First to Bermuda grass seed treatment.Can certain process be carried out before Bermuda grass seed-pelleting dressing, to ensure cleanliness, purity, the regularity of seed, adopt selection by winnowing and screening.Selection by winnowing: adopt natural wind or mechanical selection by winnowing, removing impurity, dust and not full seed; Screening: select different sieves to remove excessive or too small seed according to the size of seed, ensure the regularity of seed.
Then seed coating medicine is prepared: seed coating medicine comprises the first seed coating medicine, the second seed coating medicine and nutrient solution; Their amount is described above.
(a) first seed coating medicine: for bentonite and laubanite.By weight ratio by bentonite and laubanite Homogeneous phase mixing; The mixture of bentonite and laubanite has good bonding, Solidification Characteristics, and thus the major function of the first seed coating medicine is that Bermuda grass dehusked seeds wraps up, and mutually bonds, thus reaches pelletized effect.
(b) second seed coating medicine: for 50% carbendazim, bentonite and laubanite.By weight ratio 50% carbendazim, bentonite are mixed with laubanite.50% carbendazim such as can adopt active ingredient to be 50% powder of carbendazim.
The preparation of (c) nutritional agents: for the nutritional agents of liquid formulation.Select such as potassium sulfate, potassium dihydrogen phosphate, boric acid, zinc sulphate and aqueous mixtures; Bermuda grass seed and nutrient solution weight proportion can be such as 1: 0.338; Potassium sulfate, potassium dihydrogen phosphate, boric acid, zinc sulphate and water are fully uniformly mixed by weight (such as accounting for 8%: 15%: 4%: 4.5%: 68.5% respectively), are made into the aqueous solution that total effective content is 31.5%, obtain nutrient solution; Such nutrient solution have keep a full stand of seedings, short seedling effect, effectively can prevent the generation of high pin seedling and thin and weak seedling.
D () colouring agent can be colouring agent slurry, i.e. mill base.Such as mill base is mixed with the aqueous solution of 800ml, for painting to seed.
The following describes Bermuda grass seed-pelleting coating process.As shown in Figure 2, Bermuda grass seed after above-mentioned link process is put into such as 5BW50 type seed-pelleting machine, start pelletized machine, first with the flow feeder that nutrient solution is housed, seed is sprayed, make to adhere outside seed nutrient solution, then slowly add the second seed coating medicine, make to adhere to seed coating medicine equably outside seed, seed coating medicine and nutrient solution divide minor tick to spray; After second seed coating medicine adds, change into and add the first seed coating medicine, and constantly spray nutrient solution, add dressing pulvis and carry out pelletized, seed coating medicine and nutrient solution divide minor tick to spray; In whole pelletized process, seed coating medicine and nutrient solution spray such as 10 times in interval altogether, until obtain required coated pellet granulation multiplying power; Finally starting peristaltic pump is sprayed on pill pelleting seed by 800ml mill base, solidification 15s ~ 20s, more just capsuled seed is by drying machine drying, and drying preference temperature is 30 ~ 50 DEG C; Again roasted seed is carried out airing.After bone dry with woven bag packaging and storing in drying place, namely make Bermuda grass pelleted seed finished product.The described pelletized multiplying power of Bermuda grass seed pelleting is in the scope of 2.8 ~ 3.8 times.Described bentonite and laubanite select fineness to be such as 320 orders.
The capsid of pill pelleting seed, by capillarity imbibition, produces crack, and its active substance is by crack and seed and close on soil and contact, thus the physiological and biochemical procedure that participation crops seedling stage grows.Capsid of the present invention is formed primarily of the first seed coating medicine and the second seed coating medicine, is more particularly primarily of the first filler and the second filler composition.In addition, described bactericide, as the composition in " the active substance storehouse " in capsid, is mainly used in the infringement defending harmful mushroom to seed, such as, to prevent in seed external environment condition harmful mushroom and the surface of the seed and interior contact, kills kind of a biography damage by disease and insect; And protective barrier is formed around seed, effectively prevent soil biography, air biography damage by disease and insect.Described nutritional agents is mainly used in providing sufficient nutriment after planting early stage, is conducive to provide the resistance of Bermuda grass.
Pelletized method of the present invention has following features: 1, the breakthrough of Bermuda grass seed-pelleting packaging technique research; be conducive to Bermuda grass in extension process, realize mechanization precision drilling; reduce Bermuda grass seed units area consumption, overcome the shortcoming that the human and material resources consumption of general planting method existence is too much.2, after Bermuda grass seed-pelleting dressing, capsuled seed emergence rate is significantly better than non-pelleted seed, and capsuled seed is emerged neatly, fast growth, and reproduction speed is fast, and growing way is unaffected simultaneously.3, dressing, nutrition, antibacterial measure are embodied a concentrated reflection of on capsid, create the microenvironment being beneficial to Bermuda grass growth, ensure that it grows.4, the solution of Bermuda grass seed-pelleting coating production technical matters, had both been conducive to the trans-utilization of scientific and technological achievement, was conducive to again realizing Bermuda grass breeding supply industrialization, commercialization.5, for effectively preventing and treating brown spot, leaf spot etc., Bermuda grass is worked the mischief.Implement pill pelletizing coating process in, the present inventor find add bactericide particularly 50% carbendazim can play good effect.
The third aspect, present invention also offers by the obtained pill pelleting seed of above-mentioned pelletized method.
In addition, any one referring to and be selected from described group " is selected from by ... one or more the combination in group " unless otherwise stated, term, or any combination two or more arbitrarily in described group.
Unless otherwise stated, in term used herein " two or more " " more than " comprise this number, namely comprise two kinds situation and more than the situation of two kinds.
Unless otherwise stated, described herein and number range comprise arbitrary value between end value and endpoints thereof (i.e. upper and lower bound).
Embodiment
Hereafter by with the form of embodiment, the invention will be further described.But these embodiments are just illustrated with regard to the preferred embodiment of the present invention, protection scope of the present invention should not be construed as and is only limitted to these embodiments.
In addition, unless otherwise stated, equal in an embodiment: use 5BW50 type seed-pelleting machine (purchased from Xiandai Agricultural Equipment Science and Technology Co., Ltd) to adopt rotary process to carry out pelletized; The granularity of filler is 320 orders; Bermuda grass seed used in embodiment is with a collection of Bermuda grass dehusked seeds; Nutritional agents uses all in form of an aqueous solutions; Apply all to carry out colouring agent after step at preparation and execute step, and colouring agent all applies 800ml is prepared by colouring agent the mill base obtained to be sprayed on pill pelleting seed by starting peristaltic pump after step terminates at preparation; All raw materials of seed coating medicine are all purchased from Agricultural Materials Company of Beijing.
Embodiment 1
1, seed coating medicine preparation
Seed coating medicine comprises the first seed coating medicine, the second seed coating medicine and nutritional agents (nutrient solution), prepares to be used for the pelletized of 10kg Bermuda grass dehusked seeds.Wherein, the first seed coating medicine weight is 20kg, and Bermuda grass dehusked seeds and the first seed coating medicine weight ratio are 1: 2.0; Second seed coating medicine weight is 5.0kg, and Bermuda grass dehusked seeds and the second seed coating medicine weight ratio are 1: 0.5.
(1) first seed coating medicine preparation: the mixture of bentonite and laubanite, by weight bentonite 12kg is mixed with laubanite 8kg, bentonite and laubanite weight ratio 3: 2, making the first seed coating medicine weight is that 20kg is for subsequent use;
(2) second seed coating medicine preparations: the mixture of 50% carbendazim, bentonite and laubanite, by proportioning, 50% carbendazim 1.5kg, bentonite 2.5kg are mixed with laubanite 1kg, 50% carbendazim, bentonite and laubanite weight ratio are respectively 30%, 50% and 20%, and making the second seed coating medicine weight is that 5kg is for subsequent use.
(3) preparation of nutrient solution: nutrient solution selects potassium sulfate, potassium dihydrogen phosphate, boric acid, zinc sulphate and aqueous mixtures; Bermuda grass and nutrient solution weight ratio are 1: 0.338, by potassium sulfate 0.27kg, potassium dihydrogen phosphate 0.507kg, boric acid 0.135kg, zinc sulphate 0.152kg and water 2.315kg; Wherein potassium sulfate, potassium dihydrogen phosphate, boric acid, zinc sulphate, mill base and water are by weight 8%: 15%: 4%: 4.5%: 68.5% preparation, are fully uniformly mixed, are made into that total effective content is 31.5%, weight is the aqueous solution of 3.38kg.
2, Bermuda grass seed-pelleting coating process
Bermuda grass dehusked seeds is put into 5BW50 type seed-pelleting machine, start pelletized machine, first with the flow feeder that nutrient solution is housed, seed is sprayed, make to adhere outside seed nutrient solution, then the second seed coating medicine is slowly added, make to adhere to seed coating medicine equably outside seed, seed coating medicine and nutrient solution divide minor tick to spray; After second seed coating medicine adds, change into and add the first seed coating medicine, and constantly spray nutrient solution, add dressing pulvis and carry out pelletized, seed coating medicine and nutrient solution divide minor tick to spray; In whole pelletized process, seed coating medicine and nutrient solution spray 10 times in interval altogether, and seed coating medicine used, nutrient solution are finished the coated pellet granulation multiplying power reaching required; Finally starting peristaltic pump is sprayed on pill pelleting seed by 800ml mill base, solidification 15s, more just capsuled seed is by drying machine drying, and bake out temperature is 30 DEG C; Again roasted seed is carried out airing.After bone dry with woven bag packaging and storing in drying place, namely make Bermuda grass pelleted seed finished product.
The described pelletized multiplying power of Bermuda grass seed pelleting is 2.8 times.Namely Bermuda grass pill pelletizing coating kind weight is 2.8 times of Bermuda grass dehusked seeds.
Embodiment 2
Adopt mode similar to Example 1 to carry out, be prepared as follows unlike described seed coating medicine: the first seed coating medicine weight is 21kg, Bermuda grass dehusked seeds and the first seed coating medicine weight proportion are 1: 2.1; Second seed coating medicine weight is 6kg, and Bermuda grass dehusked seeds and the second seed coating medicine weight proportion are 1: 0.6.
(1) first seed coating medicine preparation: the mixture of bentonite and laubanite, mixes bentonite 12.6kg with laubanite 8.4kg by weight ratio, bentonite and laubanite weight proportion 3: 2, and making the first seed coating medicine weight is that 21kg is for subsequent use;
(2) second seed coating medicine preparations: the mixture of 50% carbendazim, bentonite and laubanite, by proportioning, 50% carbendazim 1.8kg, bentonite 3.0kg are mixed with laubanite 1.2kg, 50% carbendazim, bentonite and laubanite weight proportion are respectively 30%, 50% and 20%, and making the second seed coating medicine weight is that 6kg is for subsequent use.
Embodiment 3:
Adopt mode similar to Example 1 to carry out, be prepared as follows unlike described seed coating medicine: the first seed coating medicine weight is 22kg, Bermuda grass dehusked seeds and the first seed coating medicine weight proportion are 1: 2.2; Second seed coating medicine weight is 7kg, and Bermuda grass dehusked seeds and the second seed coating medicine weight proportion are 1: 0.7.
(1) first seed coating medicine preparation: the mixture of bentonite and laubanite, mixes bentonite 13.2kg with laubanite 8.8kg by weight ratio, bentonite and laubanite weight proportion 3: 2, and making the first seed coating medicine weight is that 22kg is for subsequent use;
(2) second seed coating medicine preparations: the mixture of 50% carbendazim, bentonite and laubanite, by proportioning, 50% carbendazim 2.1kg, bentonite 3.5kg are mixed with laubanite 2.4kg, 50% carbendazim, bentonite and laubanite weight proportion are respectively 30%, 50% and 20%, and making the second seed coating medicine weight is that 7kg is for subsequent use.
Embodiment 4:
Adopt mode similar to Example 1 to carry out, be prepared as follows unlike described seed coating medicine: the first seed coating medicine weight is 23kg, Bermuda grass dehusked seeds and the first seed coating medicine weight proportion are 1: 2.3; Second seed coating medicine weight is 8kg, and Bermuda grass dehusked seeds and the second seed coating medicine weight proportion are 1: 0.8.
(1) first seed coating medicine preparation: the mixture of bentonite and laubanite, mixes bentonite 13.8kg with laubanite 9.2kg by weight ratio, bentonite and laubanite weight proportion 3: 2, and making the first seed coating medicine weight is that 23kg is for subsequent use;
(2) second seed coating medicine preparations: the mixture of 50% carbendazim, bentonite and laubanite, by proportioning, 50% carbendazim 2.4kg, bentonite 4.0kg are mixed with laubanite 1.6kg, 50% carbendazim, bentonite and laubanite weight proportion are respectively 30%, 50% and 20%, and making the second seed coating medicine weight is that 8kg is for subsequent use.
Embodiment 5:
Adopt mode similar to Example 1 to carry out, be prepared as follows unlike described seed coating medicine: the first seed coating medicine weight is 24kg, Bermuda grass dehusked seeds and the first seed coating medicine weight proportion are 1: 2.4; Second seed coating medicine weight is 9kg, and Bermuda grass dehusked seeds and the second seed coating medicine weight proportion are 1: 0.9.
(1) first seed coating medicine preparation: the mixture of bentonite and laubanite, mixes bentonite 14.4kg with laubanite 9.6kg by weight ratio, bentonite and laubanite weight proportion 3: 2, and making the first seed coating medicine weight is that 24kg is for subsequent use;
(2) second seed coating medicine preparations: the mixture of 50% carbendazim, bentonite and laubanite, by proportioning, 50% carbendazim 2.7kg, bentonite 4.5kg are mixed with laubanite 1.8kg, 50% carbendazim, bentonite and laubanite weight proportion are respectively 30%, 50% and 20%, and making the second seed coating medicine weight is that 9kg is for subsequent use.
Embodiment 6:
Adopt mode similar to Example 1 to carry out, be prepared as follows unlike described seed coating medicine: the first seed coating medicine weight is 25kg, Bermuda grass dehusked seeds and the first seed coating medicine weight proportion are 1: 2.5; Second seed coating medicine weight is 10kg, and Bermuda grass dehusked seeds and the second seed coating medicine weight proportion are 1: 1.
(1) first seed coating medicine preparation: the mixture of bentonite and laubanite, mixes bentonite 15kg with laubanite 10kg by weight ratio, bentonite and laubanite weight proportion 3: 2, and making the first seed coating medicine weight is that 25kg is for subsequent use;
(2) second seed coating medicine preparations: the mixture of 50% carbendazim, bentonite and laubanite, by proportioning, 50% carbendazim 3kg, bentonite 3kg are mixed with laubanite 2kg, 50% carbendazim, bentonite and laubanite weight proportion are respectively 30%, 50% and 20%, and making the second seed coating medicine weight is that 10kg is for subsequent use.
Embodiment 7 to 8
Adopt the mode similar to embodiment 1 to carry out, difference is that pelletized multiplying power is as follows:
Embodiment 7 is 2.0; Embodiment 8:4.2.
Embodiment 9 to 12
Adopt the mode similar to embodiment 1 to carry out, difference is that baking temperature is as follows:
Embodiment 9 is room temperature (about 25 DEG C); Embodiment 10 is 40 DEG C; Embodiment 11 is 50 DEG C;
Embodiment 12 is 55 DEG C.
Embodiment 13 to 15
Adopt the mode similar to embodiment 1 to carry out, difference is: in embodiment 13, in the first seed coating medicine and the second seed coating medicine, replaces separately the mixture of bentonite and laubanite with bentonite; In embodiment 14, replace separately the mixture of bentonite and laubanite with laubanite; In embodiment 15, replace bentonite with diatomite, and use gypsum to replace laubanite.
Embodiment 16 to 20
Adopt the mode similar to embodiment 1 to carry out, difference is: in embodiment 16, and operating weight ratio is the combination that the potassium chloride of 1: 1 and the mixture of zinc chloride replace potassium sulfate, potassium dihydrogen phosphate, boric acid and zinc sulphate; In embodiment 17, mancozeb is used to replace the powder of carbendazim of 50%; In embodiment 18, with the total weight of described second seed coating medicine, 50% carbendazim accounts for 25%; Bentonite accounts for 55%, and laubanite accounts for 20%; In embodiment 19,50% carbendazim accounts for 35%; Bentonite accounts for 45%, and laubanite accounts for 20%; In embodiment 20,50% carbendazim accounts for 30%; Bentonite accounts for 45%, and laubanite accounts for 25%.
Embodiment 21
Adopt the mode similar to embodiment 1 to carry out, difference is: adopt the non-dehusked seeds of Bermuda grass to replace Bermuda grass dehusked seeds.
Above obtained pill pelleting seed is used to carry out laboratory comparative trial and field comparison test respectively.Experiment is carried out with reference to GB/T 25240-2010 and GB/T 15671-2009, introduces its full content at this by reference to mode.Select there are the leading indicators such as seed rate, single seed rate, cracking severity, simple grain compressive resistance, regularity, germination rate and pelletized qualification rate as detecting the whether qualified index (its index determining method performs according to GB/T 25240-2010 and GB/T15671-2009) of Bermuda grass pill pelleting seed.Result is as follows:
Table 1 laboratory comparative test result
From laboratory test result, Bermuda grass pill pelleting seed cracking severity of the present invention is high, reaches 99%, and meet the cracking rapidly of water energy, be conducive to seed sprouting, pill pelletizing coating kind germination rate is about 97%, than the germination rate height about 6% of shelling naked seed; Pill pelleting seed compressive resistance is greater than 2.0N, is convenient to storage, transport and Mechanization sowing (table 1).Bermuda grass pill pelleting seed has the index test values such as seed rate, single seed rate, regularity, cracking severity all to meet pill pelleting seed standard value.With reference to the standard (table 3) of film coated seeds dressing qualification rate quality index in GB/T15671-2009, the pelletized qualification rate of Bermuda grass reaches 97%, and pelletized quality is better.
The pelletized kind of table 2. Bermuda grass (embodiment 1) laboratory's test result
Table 3. film coated seeds dressing qualification rate quality index *
* originate: GB/T 15671-2009 crops capsuled seed technical conditions.
Table 4 field comparison test result
From field observation result, more sub than Bermuda grass shelling naked seed about 2 ~ 3 days late of the number of days although Bermuda grass pill pelleting seed is emerged, its emergence rate is than Bermuda grass shelling naked seed height about 6%; Because pill pelleting seed skin is containing a certain amount of nutritional agents and bactericide; its growing way surmounts Bermuda grass shelling naked seed growing way after two weeks; in pill pelleting seed plantation community, high pin seedling is relative less with thin and weak seedling proportion; be implanted with obvious growth vigor than shelling naked seed kind, pelletized seedling is obviously than shelling naked seed seedling stalwartness (table 4,5).
The pelletized kind of table 5 Bermuda grass (embodiment 1) and shelling naked seed field comparison test
(3) Bermuda grass grass yield and field resistance evaluation
Pelletized Bermuda grass kind is easy to use, sowing is convenient, and economic benefit is obvious.Shown by comparative trial; Bermuda grass seed-pelleting of the present invention can save a quantity of seeds after expanding multiple at seeding time, is convenient to mechanical precision drilling after pelletized, contains nutritional agents, bactericide etc. in seed coating medicine simultaneously; can effectively prevention and elimination of disease and pests, promote growing of Bermuda grass.
Grass yield: seeding quantity is consistent; when after seed-pelleting, the actual germinative seed quantity used reduces; dry matter production after seed-pelleting is not pelletized apparently higher than shelling; the hay yield of the pill pelleting seed in embodiment 1 is respectively 9.5t/hm2 and 8t/hm2, pelletized rear average volume increase 18.8%.
Resistance aspect: pelletized Bermuda grass disease resistance of the present invention and resistance to insects all very outstanding, the pelletized Bermuda grass disease-resistant plant ratio in embodiment 1, more than 50%, belongs to high resistance type, and shelling naked seed Bermuda grass disease-resistant plant ratio, lower than 50%, belongs to disease-resistant type; The Bermuda grass plant resistance to insects of two kinds of process is all very outstanding, and disease plant ratio, below 5%, belongs to high resistance.Bactericide can with the surface of the seed and interior contact, to kill kind and pass a damage by disease and insect; And protective barrier is formed around seed, effectively prevent soil biography, air biography damage by disease and insect.
The pelletized kind of table 6 Bermuda grass (embodiment 1) and shelling naked seed yield comparison and evaluation of resistance
Table 7. Bermuda grass Evaluation standard of resistance *
* originate: 1. U.S. clover and association of seed certification authority of official of herbage alliance (AOSCA) and alfalfa cultivars review board of the U.S. report (NAVRB).2. Bermuda grass Evaluation standard of resistance is with reference to above-mentioned standard 1..
Embodiment described herein or Fig. 2 are only to the explanation of the preferred embodiments of the present invention example.Those skilled in the art content disclosed according to the present invention can carry out various amendment to described embodiment, but the technical scheme not departing from essence of the present invention revised thus and obtain still drops within appended claims limited range.
Claims (9)
1. a Bermuda grass coating agent for seed, described seed coating medicine comprises:
First seed coating medicine, described first seed coating medicine comprises the first filler;
Second seed coating medicine, described second seed coating medicine comprises the second filler and bactericide; With
Nutritional agents;
Wherein, described first filler comprises bentonite and laubanite, and with the total weight of described first filler, bentonite accounts for 50% to 70%, and laubanite accounts for 30% to 50%; And
Described second filler comprises bentonite and laubanite, and in described second filler, with the total weight of described second seed coating medicine, bentonite accounts for 45% to 55%, and laubanite accounts for 15% to 25%.
2. seed coating medicine according to claim 1, wherein, described first filler and/or described second filler also comprise one or more materials being selected from the group be made up of following material: kaolin, diatomite and talcum powder.
3. seed coating medicine according to claim 1 and 2, wherein, described bactericide comprises the bactericide that one or more are selected from the group be made up of following bactericide: carbendazim, mancozeb, zineb, thiophanate-methyl, tmtd and metalaxyl.
4. seed coating medicine according to claim 1 and 2, wherein, described nutritional agents comprises one or more materials in the group being selected from and being made up of potassium sulfate, potassium dihydrogen phosphate, boric acid, zinc sulphate.
5. seed coating medicine according to claim 1 and 2, wherein, the weight ratio of Bermuda grass seed and described first seed coating medicine is 1: 2.0 to 2.5, and the weight ratio of Bermuda grass seed and described second seed coating medicine is 1: 0.5 to 1.0; The weight ratio of Bermuda grass seed and described nutritional agents is 1: 0.3 to 0.4.
6. carry out a pelletized method to Bermuda grass seed, wherein, described method adopts the seed coating medicine according to any one of claim 1 to 5 to carry out pelletized.
7. method according to claim 6, wherein, described method comprises the steps:
(1) moistening step, makes Bermuda grass the surface of the seed moistening; With
(2) preparation applies step, and the Bermuda grass seed to surface wettability applies described seed coating medicine; Wherein said preparation applies step to carry out in the following way:
I () nutritional agents applies first step, spray the solution of described nutritional agents to described the surface of the seed;
(ii) the second seed coating medicine applies step, described second seed coating medicine is applied to the surface of described seed;
(iii) nutritional agents applies second step, and the surface of the seed obtained to step (ii) sprays the solution of described nutritional agents;
(iv) the first seed coating medicine applies step, described first seed coating medicine is applied to the surface of described seed.
8. method according to claim 7; wherein; repeat 8 to 12 circulations of step (i), step (ii), step (iii) and step (iv) successively, and make the pelletized multiplying power of described seed be 2.8 times to 3.8 times.
9. the method according to any one of claim 6 to 8, wherein, described Bermuda grass seed is dehusked seeds.
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| CN105237209B (en) * | 2015-10-20 | 2018-09-07 | 颈复康药业集团有限公司 | A kind of coating agent for seed, preparation method and application |
| CN106380308A (en) * | 2016-08-31 | 2017-02-08 | 甘肃省农业工程技术研究院 | Stevia rebaudiana seeds coating agent and pelleted coating method thereof |
| CN109516872A (en) * | 2018-12-21 | 2019-03-26 | 驻马店市华轩实业有限公司 | Seed-pelleting pulvis, aqua and seed-pelleting technique |
| CN110959337A (en) * | 2019-12-03 | 2020-04-07 | 玉溪中烟种子有限责任公司 | Efficient pelleting method of tobacco seeds |
| CN111869370B (en) * | 2020-08-01 | 2022-06-10 | 刘泽洋 | Chinese tallow tree seed treatment and coating method |
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