CN104871835A - Eggplant grafting high-yield cultivation method - Google Patents
Eggplant grafting high-yield cultivation method Download PDFInfo
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- CN104871835A CN104871835A CN201510222907.7A CN201510222907A CN104871835A CN 104871835 A CN104871835 A CN 104871835A CN 201510222907 A CN201510222907 A CN 201510222907A CN 104871835 A CN104871835 A CN 104871835A
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Abstract
The invention discloses an eggplant grafting high-yield cultivation method. The egg grafting high-yield cultivation method comprises procedures of seedling selection, seedling growing and grafting, and comprises the following steps of selecting an excellent and robust eggplant without diseases or insect pests as a scion and selecting a wild atropa belladonna as a stock; preparing to perform grafting when 7-9 pieces of true leaves grow on the stock and 1-2 pieces of true leaves grow on the scion; vertically cutting off the middle of a stem of the stock by 1-1.5 centimeters; unplugging a scion eggplant seedling; removing the lower end of the scion eggplant seedling at a semi- lignification position; shaving the scion eggplant seedling until the scion eggplant seedling is wedge-shaped and the size of the wedge-shaped scion eggplant seedling is equivalent to a cutting opening of the stock; plugging the scion in the cutting opening of the stock; aligning the scion to the cutting opening of the stock; and fixing the scion by a grafting clamp. In a cultivation process, proper field managements such as temperature and humidity management, illumination management, pruning and disease and insect preventing and treating can be carried out. By the eggplant grafting high-yield cultivation method, growth vigor of eggplants is high, the average height of grafted eggplants is greater than that of common eggplants, the eggplants are robust and orderly, the growing period of the eggplants is long, the flower season is long, and fruits grow quickly and are large and bright.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to implantation methods field, be specifically related to a kind of engrafting and cultivating method of eggplant.
Background technology
Eggplant, another name " eggplant ", Jiangsu and Zhejiang Provinces person is the Soviet Union that falls, and Guangdong and Guangxi Provinces person is short melon, and be Solanaceae Solanum annual herb plant, the torrid zone is perennial.Its edible fruit use born, color mostly is purple or atropurpureus, also has light green or candida species, also has circle in shape, and oval, pyriform etc. are various.Eggplant is a kind of typical vegetables, and according to the difference of kind, usage is various.The rehabilitation of eggplant to disease has quite high value, and belongs to effective range to the raising of vitality.
Eggplant belongs to Solanaceae, and being one of purple vegetables few in number, is also homely vegetables very common on dining table.Aubergine is owing to containing delphinidin and glucosides thereof in pericarp membrane, no matter green or aubergine fruit all transfer brown color to during maturation.Edible part comprises pericarp, placenta and " depths of one's heart " part.Forming by spongy parenchyma, its space between cells is more, soft texture.
Eggplant originates in India the earliest, and 4-5 century in Christian era imports China into, and the eggplant of Northern and Southern Dynasties' cultivation is circular, similar to wild shape.The Yuan Dynasty then turns out microscler eggplant, and to Qing Dynasty last years of a dynasty or reign, this long eggplant is introduced into Japan.The eggplant system of taproot, dark 50 centimetres of root, extending transversely 120 centimetres, most of cloth is in 30 centimetres of plow layer.Fruit on eggplant stem claims the fruit of " door eggplant " primary lateral branches to be called " to eggplant ", and the fruit of secondary side shoot is called " four door sockets ", and the fruit of three grades of side shoots is called " octahedral wind ", and the fruit of later side shoot is called " babysbreath ".
Whole nation eggplant area under cultivation about more than 300 ten thousand mu, about 100,000 mu, Guangdong, is distributed in the whole province various places, comparatively concentrated with Deng Beiyun base, Zhanjiang City.The eggplant fruit shape of Guangdong cultivation is based on long eggplant, and also have oval and circle etc., really look is based on aubergine, also adularescent, cyan and atropurpureus.Along with the increase of north fortune market demand, kind of an atropurpureus is also liked in fortune base, north, has glossy long eggplant, oval eggplant and circle eggplant.
Eggplant damage by disease and insect is mainly ash/cotton disease, powdery mildew.Gray blight shows as and ripening fruits occurs filbert to brown scab, and micro-have depression, and when disease increases the weight of, whole fruit is pitchy, if humidity increases, fruit face produces the mould layer of canescence frost shape, softens gradually and rots, give out a foul smell, sometimes, fall ill in transit and on the stand in shop at eggplant.Be conducive to most growing of cotton disease germ under high temperature, high humidity environment, be certainly also conducive to other infection process.So when summer high temperature is rainy, can sees that a large amount of eggplants rots and grows rapidly not only long but also close white hair, be about to ripe a large amount of eggplant fruits, after being infected by continuous vaccine, form rotten eggplant very soon.There is primary infection focus in initial morbidity, should pull out immediately and destroy and spray medicine control.From rainy season, protect every spray in 7 days 1:200 times of bordeaux mixture, effect is fine.Once morbidity, must dispenser immediately.Medicament has 75% tpn 1:500 ~ 600 times liquid, 50% thiophanate methyl wetting powder 1:800 times liquid, 40% aliette wetting powder 1:200 times liquid, and 64% Sandofan 1:500 times liquid etc., generally sprayed 1 time every 7-10 days, connects spray 3-4 time.Above-mentioned medicament and Tianda-2116 melon solanberry tailored version mixture use, and effect is better.For preventing forming pesticide resistance, each medication should adopt variety classes medicine.
Eggplant seedling growth is comparatively slow, and particularly under the not enough condition of temperature, seedling age is not enough, is difficult to cultivate precocious seedlings, and its seedling age generally needs 85-90 days.And common eggplant diseases and insect pests resistance is lower, and the epidemic disease such as root-rot, rotten pin easily occurs.Due to plantation continuously throughout the year, soil-borne disease, root-knot nematode, the undesirable element harm such as the former bacterium of eggplant verticillium wilt increase the weight of year by year, and people need to strengthen fertilizer and pesticide amount of application for this reason, have both increased production cost, and have brought contamination of products again.For preventing eggplant damage by disease and insect from endangering, people start to adopt wild Solanaceae plant grafting cultivation eggplant.The stock of grafting guinea squash generally needs to select homologous plant to be easier to survive, and it is comparatively strong that selected stock also needs to possess disease and insect resistance, the performances such as vitality is vigorous.Seedling normally after grafting need be planted in seedling bed or nutritive cube, after wound healing, be transplanted to land for growing field crops again.This method survival rate is low, and growing-seedling period is long, and cost is high.
Along with eggplant Protectorate cultivation area constantly expands, continuous cropping is difficult to avoid, and lame being on the rise of verticillium wilt, fusarium wilt, brown foot rot, effect of chemical control is not obvious.
Summary of the invention
In order to overcome the deficiencies in the prior art part, the invention provides the breeding method of a kind of Grafted Eggplant high yield, this breeding method can make common eggplant possess vigorous vitality and diseases and insect pests resistance, and the eggplant yield high-quality of plantation is good, and seedling-cultivating method is easy, seedling cost is low.
The technical solution adopted in the present invention is:
A breeding method for Grafted Eggplant high yield, comprise and select seedling, nursery and grafting, breeding method comprises the following steps:
A. select seedling: select excellent, healthy and strong, be scion without the eggplant of damage by disease and insect, select wild belladonna to be stock;
B. nursery: stock shifts to an earlier date 11-12 days than scion, seedling age 50-54 days, has 7 ~ 9 true leaves, scion 1 ~ 2 true leaf, stem stalk semi-lignified when stock is long, prepares to carry out grafting during thick 2-6 centimetres of stem;
D. grafting: stock retains 2 true leaves, remove top, then centimetre dark in stock stem intermediate vertical incision l ~ 1.5, subsequently scion eggplant seedling is pulled up, at semi-lignified, place removes lower end, retain 2-3 true leaves, be whittled into wedge shape, wedge shape size is suitable with stock otch, with inserting in the otch of stock by scion, after alignment, fix with Grafting clip, put into the plastics Small plastic shed buckled well in advance immediately.
The belladonna (Atropa belladonna L.) that stock adopts is perennial herb, or because cultivation is for annual, high 0.5-2 rice.Root is sturdy, cylindrical.The lower portion of the stem is single, band purple, and top dichotomy, spray is green, and polyadenous hair, comes off time old gradually.Leaf alternate or 2 leaves that differ in size on branch top twin.Happiness warm and moist weather, is afraid of cold, avoids high temperature.Cultivation is had at Shandong Province of China, zhejiang and other places.Gas is micro-, mildly bitter flavor, pungent.
Cultivating process comprises field management: 1) temperature and humidity management, winter production should adopt multilayer soverlay technique, to try one's best daytime maintenance 28-32 DEG C, night 15 ~ 2O DEG C, every day, 13:10 ~ 14:10 pulled open air port hydrofuge ventilation, in order to improve, ground is gentle reduces air humidity, careless 5cm can be covered in furrow, run into the invasion and attack of strong cold current, will manage in canopy to heat, enter the Sheng phase of yielding positive results, should strengthen gradually and leak informaton; 2) illumination management, severe winter will hang up Reflecting curtain, improves illumination condition, and often clean face, improves light transmittance, under the prerequisite ensureing temperature, will take off late lid as early as possible and cover with mat, increases the sunshine time.Cloudy, snow sky is wanted garland to cover with mat to see light; 3), after field planting seedling recovering water waters, start to pour water until door eggplant stares.Water temperature should more than 15 DEG C, in conjunction with pour water at every turn every mu impose urea or two ammonium 15-20 kilogram, potassium sulfate 10 kilograms, 7-10 days season of fruiting period severe winter waters a water, within after February 4-6 days, waters a water, and entering fruiting period, will to enrich C02 gas fertile, to improve output; 4) prevent fallen flowers, flowering stage is stained with flower with composite plant growth regulator; 5) training is pruned: the following side shoot of door eggplant and close ground Lao Ye all extract, and to more than eggplant carrying out " two bar training ", the later stage hangs seedling with line and prevents lodging, and the side shoot on stock will be extractd in time;
6) extermination of disease and insect pest strengthens cultural control, rationally carries out environment conditioning, promotes robust plant growth; Adopt physical control method, reduce the insect density of trialeurodes vaporariorum, aphid, Americal rice leaf miner, adopt chemical method to control causing harm of yellow tea mite.
Beneficial effect of the present invention:
1, the breeding method of Grafted Eggplant high yield of the present invention, adopt belladonna as stock, growth potential is strong, and average plant is higher than common eggplant, and plant is neatly healthy and strong, and the plant strain growth cycle is long, and the florescence lasts length, and fruit growth is very fast, and individual large, color and luster is bright and new;
2, the breeding method of Grafted Eggplant high yield of the present invention, using the belladonna of well developed root system as stock, grafting eggplant root system is sturdy, flourishing, root dark, and more common eggplant obviously increases root amount;
3, the breeding method of Grafted Eggplant high yield of the present invention, adopt belladonna as stock, disease resistance strengthens, and the root knot nematode disease that common eggplant very easily suffers from, black fungus beetle, damping off do not find ill strain in grafting eggplant, and the illness rate such as bacterial wilt, powdery mildew, aphid, two spotted spider mite is lower than common eggplant;
4, the breeding method of Grafted Eggplant high yield of the present invention, adopt belladonna as stock, strong stress resistance, drought-resistant and waterlogging-resistant ability is better than common eggplant;
5, the breeding method of Grafted Eggplant of the present invention high yield, adopt belladonna as stock, through testing for many years, fruit is nontoxic, best in quality, and the meat of grafting eggplant is fine and smooth, mouthfeel is good, and vitamin and calcium, iron, manganese are higher than common eggplant;
6, the breeding method of Grafted Eggplant high yield of the present invention, adopt belladonna as stock, output is high, and grafting guinea squash output compared with common eggplant at least increases by 100%.
Embodiment
A breeding method for Grafted Eggplant high yield, comprise and select seedling, nursery and grafting, breeding method comprises the following steps:
A. select seedling: select excellent, healthy and strong, be scion without the eggplant of damage by disease and insect, select wild belladonna to be stock;
B. nursery: stock shifts to an earlier date 11-12 days than scion, seedling age 50-54 days, has 7 ~ 9 true leaves, scion 1 ~ 2 true leaf, stem stalk semi-lignified when stock is long, prepares to carry out grafting during thick 2-6 centimetres of stem;
D. grafting: stock retains 2 true leaves, remove top, then centimetre dark in stock stem intermediate vertical incision l ~ 1.5, subsequently scion eggplant seedling is pulled up, at semi-lignified, place removes lower end, retain 2-3 true leaves, be whittled into wedge shape, wedge shape size is suitable with stock otch, with inserting in the otch of stock by scion, after alignment, fix with Grafting clip, put into the plastics Small plastic shed buckled well in advance immediately.
Cultivating process comprises field management: 1) temperature and humidity management, winter production should adopt multilayer soverlay technique, to try one's best daytime maintenance 28-32 DEG C, night 15 ~ 2O DEG C, every day, 13:10 ~ 14:10 pulled open air port hydrofuge ventilation, in order to improve, ground is gentle reduces air humidity, careless 5cm can be covered in furrow, run into the invasion and attack of strong cold current, will manage in canopy to heat, enter the Sheng phase of yielding positive results, should strengthen gradually and leak informaton; 2) illumination management, severe winter will hang up Reflecting curtain, improves illumination condition, and often clean face, improves light transmittance, under the prerequisite ensureing temperature, will take off late lid as early as possible and cover with mat, increases the sunshine time.Cloudy, snow sky is wanted garland to cover with mat to see light; 3), after field planting seedling recovering water waters, start to pour water until door eggplant stares.Water temperature should more than 15 DEG C, in conjunction with pour water at every turn every mu impose urea or two ammonium 15-20 kilogram, potassium sulfate 10 kilograms, 7-10 days season of fruiting period severe winter waters a water, within after February 4-6 days, waters a water, and entering fruiting period, will to enrich C02 gas fertile, to improve output; 4) prevent fallen flowers, flowering stage is stained with flower with composite plant growth regulator; 5) training is pruned: the following side shoot of door eggplant and close ground Lao Ye all extract, and to more than eggplant carrying out " two bar training ", the later stage hangs seedling with line and prevents lodging, and the side shoot on stock will be extractd in time;
6) extermination of disease and insect pest strengthens cultural control, rationally carries out environment conditioning, promotes robust plant growth; Adopt physical control method, reduce the insect density of trialeurodes vaporariorum, aphid, Americal rice leaf miner, adopt chemical method to control causing harm of yellow tea mite.
Grafting eggplant of the present invention and the common eggplant root system development situation table of comparisons (10 strains are average):
The breeding method of Grafted Eggplant high yield of the present invention, grafting eggplant out, decreases the injury to root system, and make eggplant seedling recover fast, and the more common eggplant of root system is flourishing, sturdy, grafting planting percent can reach more than 98%.
Grafting eggplant of the present invention and common eggplant grow and the result table of comparisons (10 strains are average):
The breeding method of Grafted Eggplant high yield of the present invention, grafting eggplant can be made to possess vigorous vitality and diseases and insect pests resistance, and the eggplant yield of plantation is high, quality good, and seedling-cultivating method is easy, and grafting planting percent is high.
Application implementation case:
The soil of Xincheng, the plantation of benign climate eggplant, certain plantation family development eggplant plantation, for 2009, it drops into fund of seed 13 yuan, fee of material 50 yuan, fertilizer and pesticide takes 130, labor management expense 122 yuan, cost accounting 2176 yuan, net income 2570 yuan, it exists on producing, and disease is serious, management is difficult, yield poorly, the not problem such as stable yields, governs further developing of its industry, after the breeding method adopting Grafted Eggplant of the present invention to get bumper crops, simultaneously organizational technology personnel go deep into base and carry out technological guidance's service.Add the weather of Xincheng, soil be suitable for eggplant growth, plantation just obtain successfully then.Fruit growth is very fast, and individual large, color and luster is bright and new.Cumulative investment 1500 yuan, wherein fund of seed 60 yuan, fee of material 12 yuan, fertilizer and pesticide 120 yuan, labor management expense 120 yuan, obtains net income 9580 yuan.
Claims (2)
1. a breeding method for Grafted Eggplant high yield, comprises and selects seedling, nursery and grafting, it is characterized in that: breeding method comprises the following steps:
Select seedling: select excellent, healthy and strong, be scion without the eggplant of damage by disease and insect, select wild belladonna to be stock;
Nursery: stock shifts to an earlier date 11-12 days than scion, seedling age 50-54 days, have 7 ~ 9 true leaves when stock is long, scion 1 ~ 2 true leaf prepares to carry out grafting;
Grafting: stock retains 2 true leaves, remove top, then centimetre dark in stock stem intermediate vertical incision l ~ 1.5, subsequently scion eggplant seedling is pulled up, at semi-lignified, place removes lower end, retain 2-3 true leaves, be whittled into wedge shape, wedge shape size is suitable with stock otch, with inserting in the otch of stock by scion, after alignment, fix with Grafting clip, put into the plastics Small plastic shed buckled well in advance immediately.
2. the breeding method that Grafted Eggplant is got bumper crops according to claim l, be further characterized in that: cultivating process comprises field management: 1) temperature and humidity management, winter production should adopt multilayer soverlay technique, to try one's best daytime maintenance 28-32 DEG C, night 15 ~ 2O DEG C, every day, 13:10 ~ 14:10 pulled open air port hydrofuge ventilation, in order to improve, ground is gentle reduces air humidity, careless 5cm can be covered in furrow, run into the invasion and attack of strong cold current, to manage in canopy to heat, enter the Sheng phase of yielding positive results, should strengthen gradually and leak informaton; 2) illumination management, severe winter will hang up Reflecting curtain, improves illumination condition, often clean face, improves light transmittance, under the prerequisite ensureing temperature, will take off late lid as early as possible and cover with mat, increases the sunshine time, and cloudy, snow sky is wanted garland to cover with mat to see light; 3) after field planting seedling recovering water waters, start to pour water until door eggplant stares, water temperature should more than 15 DEG C, in conjunction with pour water at every turn every mu impose urea or two ammonium 15-20 kilogram, potassium sulfate 10 kilograms, 7-10 days season of fruiting period severe winter waters a water, within after February 4-6 days, waters a water, enter fruiting period and will enrich C02 gas fertilizer, to improve output; 4) prevent fallen flowers, flowering stage is stained with flower with composite plant growth regulator; 5) training is pruned: the following side shoot of door eggplant and close ground Lao Ye all extract, and to more than eggplant carrying out " two bar training ", the later stage hangs seedling with line and prevents lodging, and the side shoot on stock will be extractd in time;
6) extermination of disease and insect pest strengthens cultural control, rationally carries out environment conditioning, promotes robust plant growth; Adopt physical control method, reduce the insect density of trialeurodes vaporariorum, aphid, Americal rice leaf miner, adopt chemical method to control causing harm of yellow tea mite.
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Cited By (6)
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| CN105706727A (en) * | 2016-03-21 | 2016-06-29 | 杭州市农业科学研究院 | High-efficiency cultivation method of grafted Hangzhou eggplant in mountainous region |
| CN106069671A (en) * | 2016-06-22 | 2016-11-09 | 青岛农业大学 | Be suitable to two sections of substrate cultivating methods of fruit tree hybrid Seedling of greenhouse second crop soil |
| CN106508373A (en) * | 2016-11-04 | 2017-03-22 | 淮南市农康农业科技有限公司 | Healthy and ecological eggplant planting method |
| CN108323339A (en) * | 2018-03-14 | 2018-07-27 | 舒城县汤池镇昌涛生态蔬菜种植专业合作社 | A kind of Grafted Eggplant method |
| CN112273077A (en) * | 2020-10-15 | 2021-01-29 | 湖北省农业科学院经济作物研究所 | Living body preservation method for solanum vegetable germplasm resources |
| CN112602473A (en) * | 2020-12-29 | 2021-04-06 | 辽宁依农农业科技有限责任公司 | Industrialized eggplant double-root-cutting grafting seedling method |
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| CN112273077A (en) * | 2020-10-15 | 2021-01-29 | 湖北省农业科学院经济作物研究所 | Living body preservation method for solanum vegetable germplasm resources |
| CN112602473A (en) * | 2020-12-29 | 2021-04-06 | 辽宁依农农业科技有限责任公司 | Industrialized eggplant double-root-cutting grafting seedling method |
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