CN105900702A - Method for improving fertility of tetraploid cucumis melo - Google Patents
Method for improving fertility of tetraploid cucumis melo Download PDFInfo
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- CN105900702A CN105900702A CN201610256277.XA CN201610256277A CN105900702A CN 105900702 A CN105900702 A CN 105900702A CN 201610256277 A CN201610256277 A CN 201610256277A CN 105900702 A CN105900702 A CN 105900702A
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- tetraploid
- fructus melo
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- scion
- seedling
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G2/00—Vegetative propagation
- A01G2/30—Grafting
Abstract
The invention discloses a method for improving the fertility of tetraploid cucumis melo, and relates to the technical field of agriculture. The time-wasting seed breeding process in the prior art can be avoided, and the seed breeding period of tetraploid cucumis melo can be effectively shortened. The method for improving the fertility of tetraploid cucumis melo includes the steps that diploid cucumis melo is dibbled to serve as stock; after a few days, tetraploid cucumis melo is seeded to serve as scions; tetraploid cucumis melo scion seedlings are grafted to diploid cucumis melo stock seedlings; grafted seedlings are cultivated; harvesting and seed collecting are carried out after tetraploid cucumis melo is mature, and the fertility of tetraploid cucumis melo is checked. The method is applied to seed breeding of tetraploid cucumis melo.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to agriculture field, particularly relate to a kind of method improving tetraploid harvesting property of Fructus Melo.
Background technology
Fructus Melo (Cucumis melo) belong to Cucurbitaceae Cucumis, including Melon (being commonly called as pears melon) and thick-skinned melon (ocean
Fructus Melo, hami melon) two classes, it is one of big fruit in the world ten, in China, cultivation history is long.Melon fruit is fragrant and sweet, rich in carbon water
The abundant nutrition such as compound, protein, mineral and other vitamin, are liked by masses deeply.Common Fructus Melo is diplont,
Its chromosome number of somatic is 2n=24.By artificial induction, diploid Muskmelon Plants somatic double can be made to become
Tetraploid (4n=48), the fruit of this tetraploid Fructus Melo increases, vitamin C, content, protein and the carotenoid content of sugar
Improving Deng nutrient substance, disease-resistant resistance strengthens, and yield increases.Meanwhile, tetraploid Fructus Melo can also hybridize with diploid Fructus Melo
Obtain the most sterile triploid Fructus Melo.
But tetraploid Fructus Melo is showing while excellent economic characters, have that plant strain growth is slow, fruits and seeds is ripe
Phase postpones, branch power is weak, harvesting property (fertility) reduce (tetraploid Fructus Melo the quantity of breeding can only have diplontic 10 ~ 30%,
Some tetraploid Fructus Melos are even without the seed of normal development) etc. defect, and harvesting property low be the most prominent spy of tetraploid Fructus Melo
One of point.Low the harvesting property of tetraploid Fructus Melo refers to the tetraploid Fructus Melo through induction, and for diploid Fructus Melo, fertility is significantly
Degree reduces.The height weighing tetraploid harvesting property of Fructus Melo is generally marked using single muskmelon seeds quantity and normal seed amount as qualification
Accurate.Tetraploid harvesting property of Fructus Melo is low, namely means that its breeding coefficient is low, and this is the biggest obstacle that tetraploid Fructus Melo utilizes, sternly
Ghost image rings the breeding efficiency of tetraploid Fructus Melo.
Currently mainly improve its harvesting property by selfing continuous to tetraploid Fructus Melo, though method is feasible breeding cycle
Long, generally require selfing 4 generation (the most time-consuming 2 years) above tetraploid harvesting property of Fructus Melo and just can significantly improve, cause breeding cycle to prolong
Long, breeding cost is high.In order to overcome the defect of prior art, being badly in need of finding one, can to improve tetraploid quickly and efficiently sweet
The method of harvesting property of melon.
Summary of the invention
The technical problem to be solved is to provide a kind of method improving tetraploid harvesting property of Fructus Melo, it is possible to avoid
The breeding process that prior art is time-consuming, effectively shortens the breeding cycle of tetraploid Fructus Melo.
For solving above-mentioned technical problem, the present invention adopts the following technical scheme that
The method of this raising tetraploid harvesting property of Fructus Melo includes:
Step S1, dibbling diploid Fructus Melo, as stock；
Step S2, after a couple of days, sow tetraploid Fructus Melo, as scion；
Step S3, tetraploid Fructus Melo scion Seedling is grafted onto on diploid Fructus Melo rootstock seedling；
Step S4, cultivation grafting；
Step S5, treat tetraploid Fructus Melo maturation after gather and collect seed, check the harvesting property of described tetraploid Fructus Melo.
Preferably, described step S5 includes:
When fruit maturation fruit stem comes off naturally, tetraploid Fructus Melo of gathering, and collect seed for 5 ~ 10 days after tetraploid Fructus Melo is gathered；
Add up the normal seed number in single tetraploid Fructus Melo and blighted grain number, according to the ratio inspection of normal seed number with seed sum
Testing the harvesting property of described tetraploid Fructus Melo, described seed sum is normal seed number and blighted grain number sum.
Preferably, described step S2 includes:
A couple of days after diploid Fructus Melo stock dibbling, when diploid Fructus Melo rootstock seedling is all unearthed and two cotyledons all flatten,
Sowing tetraploid Fructus Melo, as scion.
Preferably, the tetraploid Fructus Melo Seedling as scion be height more than 3 centimetres, plumular axis turn green and firmly directly do not bend, sub
Leaf the first transaction of a day's business to flattening and leaf color turns green Seedling.
Preferably, before described step S3, also include:
Extract diploid Fructus Melo rootstock seedling growing point.
Preferably, described step S3 includes:
Utilizing grafting label, oblique cutting enters at rootstock seedling growing point excision and penetrates stock epidermis；
Cut sth. askew under tetraploid Fructus Melo scion cotyledon base portion；
Extract grafting label, tetraploid Fructus Melo scion Seedling cut out portion oblique cutting is entered grafting label and inserts hole, tetraploid Fructus Melo scion Seedling
Cut out portion nib contacts or penetrate stock top layer so that tetraploid Fructus Melo scion tangent plane aligns with the wound face of stock and tightly
Close connection, and scion cotyledon is the most overlapping with stock cotyledon.
Preferably, grafting label insert the degree of depth in hole more than tetraploid Fructus Melo scion Seedling cut out portion length 1 ~ 2 millimeter.
Preferably, described step S4 includes:
Cover grafting with transparent membrane, and grafting is moved into shelter from the sun；
After grafting 1 ~ 3 day, transparent membrane is kept to cover；
After grafting 4 ~ 7 days, early morning and open transparent membrane each 1 hour at dusk；
After grafting 7 days, open transparent membrane and carry out seedling exercising；
When tetraploid Fructus Melo grafting grows second true leaf, it is transplanted to land for growing field crops and continues cultivation and bear fruit.
Preferably, when tetraploid Fructus Melo grafting grows second true leaf, it is transplanted to land for growing field crops and continues cultivation bag of bearing fruit
Include:
Lateral bine stays melon, pollinates and bear fruit more than the first female flower 2 joint position；
After bearing fruit, stay a melon every 1 ~ 2 joint position, often select good strains in the field for seed and stay 2 ~ 3.
Preferably, more than the first female flower 2 joint position, pollination is beared fruit and is included:
Carry out artificial supplementary pollination early morning, selection closes on, the tetraploid Muskmelon Plants male flower pollen of non-homophyletic is applied to female
Pollinate on chapiter, bagging immediately after pollination.
In the technical scheme of the embodiment of the present invention, by tetraploid Fructus Melo scion Seedling is grafted onto diploid Fructus Melo stock
Miao Shang, cultivates grafting afterwards, finally gather tetraploid Fructus Melo and add up seed with checking can harvest rate method, it is possible to effectively contract
The breeding cycle of short tetraploid Fructus Melo, improves the harvested rate of tetraploid Fructus Melo.
Detailed description of the invention
Technical scheme in the embodiment of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below, it is clear that described enforcement
Example is a part of embodiment of the present invention rather than whole embodiments.Based on the embodiment in the present invention, ordinary skill
The every other embodiment that personnel are obtained under not making creative work premise, broadly falls into the scope of protection of the invention.
The invention provides a kind of method improving tetraploid harvesting property of Fructus Melo, particularly as follows:
Step S1, dibbling diploid Fructus Melo, as stock.
First, when selecting stock, being considered as stock to have preferable affinity with scion；Secondly, it is desirable to selected stock
Having good adaptation ability, strong stress resistance, premunition is strong, is resistant to soil-borne disease, low temperature resistant, and does not affect scion fruit after grafting
Real quality.
Therefore, in the embodiment of the present invention, first-selected diploid Fructus Melo, as the stock of tetraploid Fructus Melo, compares Fructus Cucurbitae moschatae, calabash
Melon etc. other be commonly used for the melon of stock, diploid Fructus Melo has more preferable affinity.
Step S2, after a couple of days, sow tetraploid Fructus Melo, as scion.
After diploid Fructus Melo stock dibbling 5 ~ 8 days, when rootstock seedling is all unearthed and two cotyledons all flatten, i.e. start
Sowing tetraploid Fructus Melo scion.So that when grafting, rootstock seedling is more strong, it is ensured that surviving after grafting.
Step S3, tetraploid Fructus Melo scion Seedling is grafted onto on diploid Fructus Melo rootstock seedling.
When tetraploid Fructus Melo Seedling length turns green to more than height 3cm, plumular axis, firmly directly not bending, cotyledon is opened a business to flattening, leaf color
When turning green, tetraploid Fructus Melo scion Seedling is grafted onto on diploid Fructus Melo rootstock seedling.
Diploid Fructus Melo stock is tiny, and available toothpick makees grafting label, it is also possible to bamboo let lower end is whittled into front end point, rear end with
The shape that diploid Fructus Melo rootstock seedling hypocotyl rugosity is identical.Diploid Fructus Melo rootstock seedling growing point is first extractd, with transferring before grafting
Connect sign directly at the stock growing point extractd oblique cutting enter 8 ~ 10mm, somewhat penetrate stock epidermis.Afterwards, with blade at tetraploid
Cut sth. askew at 2mm under Fructus Melo scion cotyledon base portion, a length of 7 ~ 9mm of tangent plane.
Extract grafting label, rapidly Fructus Melo tetraploid scion Seedling cut out portion oblique cutting is entered grafting label and inserts hole, make four times
Body Fructus Melo scion tangent plane aligns with the wound face of stock and compact siro spinning technology, scion tangent plane nib contacts or micro-through stock top layer
1mm, it is ensured that slotting reality inserts firmly, to improve the grafting success rate of tetraploid Fructus Melo scion.Scion cotyledon is the most overlapping with stock cotyledon.
Step S4, cultivation grafting.
Cover grafting basin with transparent membrane after grafting is complete, and move in the plastic canopy with measure of shading.After grafting 1
~ 3 days, not opening the plastic sheeting of covering, humidity more than 95%, day temperature controls between 25 ~ 28 DEG C, and evening, temperature controlled
More than 20 DEG C；Run into high temperature and the weather being exposed to the sun, shelter from heat or light daytime, run into low temperature overcast and rainy day weather and then take manually to add gentle benefit
Light.After 4 ~ 7 days, morning and evening open covered with plastic film each 1 hour, still need to shelter from heat or light if running into High temperature noon.
After 7 days, open the plastic sheeting of covering, ventilation and penetrating light, gradually seedling exercising.Seedling exercising is the situation in protecting field nursery
Under, take to leak informaton, lower the temperature, process that suitably seedling is taken exercise by the measure such as control water by force so that it is land after field planting, can be adapted to rapidly
The unsuitable environmental condition on ground, shortens transplanting seedling time, strengthens the resistivity to low temperature, strong wind etc..Seedling exercising is generally before field planting 5 ~ 7
It is carried out, and can not overlong time.
It should be noted that in tetraploid Fructus Melo grafting growth course, diploid Fructus Melo stock will be extractd in time
Rudiment, in order to avoid affecting the growth of tetraploid Fructus Melo grafting.
When tetraploid Fructus Melo grafting grows second true leaf, when temperature is more than 15 DEG C, tetraploid Fructus Melo can be transferred
Seedlings picking is transplanted to land for growing field crops.
After being transplanted to land for growing field crops, continue to cultivate.And take lateral bine to stay the measure of melon, bearing fruit joint position can be the most lower, the
More than one female flower 2 joint position pollinate and bear fruit.Carry out artificial supplementary pollination early morning, pollinate without the male flower of homophyletic, but select
Near tetraploid Muskmelon Plants male flower pollen be applied on female chapiter pollination, bagging immediately after pollination.Position is saved every 1 ~ 2
Stay a melon, often select good strains in the field for seed and stay 2 ~ 3.After bearing fruit, keep sufficient water supply, suitably enrich phosphorus, potash fertilizer and trace element.
Step S5, treat tetraploid Fructus Melo maturation after gather and collect seed, inspection tetraploid Fructus Melo harvesting property.
Tetraploid Fructus Melo comes off for optimal collecting time with fruit maturation fruit stem naturally, within after gathering 5 ~ 10 days, collects seed, to protect
Card tetraploid muskmelon seeds is the most ripe, can normal seed number and blighted grain number in accurate statistics list melon, calculating can harvest rate.
The present invention specifically provides following three embodiment, and the raising tetraploid Fructus Melo proposed to further illustrate the present invention is harvested
Property method compared with prior art, it is possible to effectively shorten the breeding cycle of tetraploid Fructus Melo, improve harvesting of tetraploid Fructus Melo
Rate.
Embodiment 1:
The method that 2 ~ June in 2015 uses the present invention to provide in Fructus Melo main producing region, Wuming County Lu Wo town, Nanning is cultivated
Comparative test.
Wherein, stock is diploid Melon JM, and scion is that diploid Melon JM obtains through Colchicine mutation
Autotetraploid Fructus Melo JM4n, testing ground area is 1 mu, use booth protecting field vertical planting, plantation amount to 1200 strains.With
Time comparison is set, compare as Fructus Melo tetraploid seedling, use booth protecting field vertical planting method, testing ground area is 1 mu,
Plantation amounts to 1200 strains.
In the present embodiment, with grafting label, directly at the stock growing point extractd, oblique cutting enters 8mm, somewhat penetrates stock table
Skin.Afterwards, cut sth. askew at 2mm under tetraploid Fructus Melo scion cotyledon base portion with blade, a length of 7mm of tangent plane.
The tetraploid Fructus Melo fruit-setting rate that obtained by the method for the present invention, Average seeds per fruit, average fruit are normally planted
Subnumber and seed can be harvested rate and all increase than comparison, and seed can the rate of harvesting be 48.78%, improves than the 18.89% of comparison
158.23%, the harvesting property of tetraploid Fructus Melo is greatly improved (referring to table 1).
Table 1 tetraploid Fructus Melo fruit-setting rate, Average seeds per fruit, normal seed number, blighted grain number and seed can the rate of harvesting compare
Embodiment 2:
Use the present invention to carry out Comparative cultivation in 2 ~ June in 2015 in Fructus Melo main producing region, Wuming County Lu Wo town, Nanning.
As different from Example 1, in this test, with grafting label, directly at the stock growing point extractd, oblique cutting enters
10mm, accordingly, cuts sth. askew at 2mm under tetraploid Fructus Melo scion cotyledon base portion with blade, a length of 9mm of tangent plane.
The tetraploid Fructus Melo fruit-setting rate that obtained by the method for the present invention, Average seeds per fruit, average fruit are normally planted
Subnumber and can harvest rate and all increase than comparison, can the rate of harvesting be 49.75%, improve 168.05% than the 18.56% of comparison, four times
The harvesting property of body muskmelon seeds is greatly improved (referring to table 2).
Table 2 tetraploid Fructus Melo fruit-setting rate, Average seeds per fruit, normal seed number, blighted grain number and seed can the rate of harvesting compare
Obviously, understanding in conjunction with Tables 1 and 2, it is the deepest that grafting inserts stock, more advantageously reduces single fruit blighted grain number, thus improves
Rate can be harvested.But limited by rootstock seedling thickness during grafting, in order to ensure the growth of rootstock seedling, in the present invention, stock growing point
Place is entered 8 ~ 10mm by oblique cutting, a length of 7 ~ 9mm of tangent plane of tetraploid Fructus Melo scion.
Embodiment 3:
Use the present invention to carry out Comparative cultivation in 2 ~ June in 2015 in Fructus Melo main producing region, Wuming County Lu Wo town, Nanning.
As different from Example 1, stock is diploid Melon KM, and scion is tetraploid Melon JM4n.
The tetraploid Fructus Melo fruit-setting rate that obtained by the method for the present invention, Average seeds per fruit, average fruit are normally planted
Subnumber and seed can be harvested rate and all increase than comparison, and seed can the rate of harvesting be 46.41%, improves than the 19.15% of comparison
142.35%, the harvesting property of tetraploid muskmelon seeds is greatly improved (referring to table 3).
Table 3 tetraploid Fructus Melo fruit-setting rate, Average seeds per fruit, normal seed number, blighted grain number and seed can the rate of harvesting compare
Obviously, understand in conjunction with table 1 and table 3, the tetraploid Fructus Melo scion Seedling used due to embodiment 1 and diploid Fructus Melo stock
For same kind, and the non-same kind that embodiment 3 is used, therefore in embodiment 1, the normal seed number of single fruit is higher, can harvest rate
The highest.
The above, the only detailed description of the invention of the present invention, but protection scope of the present invention is not limited thereto, and any
Those familiar with the art, in the technical scope that the invention discloses, can readily occur in change or replace, should contain
Cover within protection scope of the present invention.Therefore, protection scope of the present invention should be as the criterion with described scope of the claims.
Claims (10)
1. the method improving tetraploid harvesting property of Fructus Melo, it is characterised in that including:
Step S1, dibbling diploid Fructus Melo, as stock；
Step S2, after a couple of days, sow tetraploid Fructus Melo, as scion；
Step S3, tetraploid Fructus Melo scion Seedling is grafted onto on diploid Fructus Melo rootstock seedling；
Step S4, cultivation grafting；
Step S5, treat tetraploid Fructus Melo maturation after gather and collect seed, check the harvesting property of described tetraploid Fructus Melo.
Method the most according to claim 1, it is characterised in that described step S5 includes:
When fruit maturation fruit stem comes off naturally, tetraploid Fructus Melo of gathering, and collect seed for 5 ~ 10 days after tetraploid Fructus Melo is gathered；
Add up the normal seed number in single tetraploid Fructus Melo and blighted grain number, according to the ratio inspection of normal seed number with seed sum
Testing the harvesting property of described tetraploid Fructus Melo, described seed sum is normal seed number and blighted grain number sum.
Method the most according to claim 1, it is characterised in that described step S2 includes:
A couple of days after diploid Fructus Melo stock dibbling, when diploid Fructus Melo rootstock seedling is all unearthed and two cotyledons all flatten,
Sowing tetraploid Fructus Melo, as scion.
Method the most according to claim 3, it is characterised in that
As the tetraploid Fructus Melo Seedling of scion be height more than 3 centimetres, plumular axis turn green and firmly directly do not bend, cotyledon the first transaction of a day's business extremely flattening
And leaf color turns green Seedling.
Method the most according to claim 1, it is characterised in that before described step S3, also include:
Extract diploid Fructus Melo rootstock seedling growing point.
Method the most according to claim 5, it is characterised in that described step S3 includes:
Utilizing grafting label, oblique cutting enters at rootstock seedling growing point excision and penetrates stock epidermis；
Cut sth. askew under tetraploid Fructus Melo scion cotyledon base portion；
Extract grafting label, tetraploid Fructus Melo scion Seedling cut out portion oblique cutting is entered grafting label and inserts hole, tetraploid Fructus Melo scion Seedling
Cut out portion nib contacts or penetrate stock top layer so that tetraploid Fructus Melo scion tangent plane aligns with the wound face of stock and tightly
Close connection, and scion cotyledon is the most overlapping with stock cotyledon.
Method the most according to claim 6, it is characterised in that grafting label insert the degree of depth in hole more than tetraploid Fructus Melo scion
Seedling cut out portion length 1 ~ 2 millimeter.
Method the most according to claim 1, it is characterised in that described step S4 includes:
Cover grafting with transparent membrane, and grafting is moved into shelter from the sun；
After grafting 1 ~ 3 day, transparent membrane is kept to cover；
After grafting 4 ~ 7 days, early morning and open transparent membrane each 1 hour at dusk；
After grafting 7 days, open transparent membrane and carry out seedling exercising；
When tetraploid Fructus Melo grafting grows second true leaf, it is transplanted to land for growing field crops and continues cultivation and bear fruit.
Method the most according to claim 8, it is characterised in that when tetraploid Fructus Melo grafting grows second true leaf,
It is transplanted to land for growing field crops continue to cultivate and bear fruit to include:
Lateral bine stays melon, pollinates and bear fruit more than the first female flower 2 joint position；
After bearing fruit, stay a melon every 1 ~ 2 joint position, often select good strains in the field for seed and stay 2 ~ 3.
Method the most according to claim 9, it is characterised in that pollinating to bear fruit more than the first female flower 2 joint position includes:
Carry out artificial supplementary pollination early morning, selection closes on, the tetraploid Muskmelon Plants male flower pollen of non-homophyletic is applied to female
Pollinate on chapiter, bagging immediately after pollination.
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Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN107094511A (en) * | 2017-07-04 | 2017-08-29 | 西南林业大学 | A kind of stem apex gemmule grafting puncture method |
| CN108834604A (en) * | 2018-08-20 | 2018-11-20 | 河北北方学院 | The method of potato tetraploid cultivar and wild diploid species distant hybridization |
Citations (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN103053346A (en) * | 2013-01-25 | 2013-04-24 | 河南省木本饲料工程技术研究中心 | Micrografting method for tetraploid acacia |
| CN103907473A (en) * | 2014-04-28 | 2014-07-09 | 安庆市金大地生态农业发展有限公司 | Spring thin skin melon grafting seedling raising method |
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2016
- 2016-04-25 CN CN201610256277.XA patent/CN105900702B/en active Active
Patent Citations (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN103053346A (en) * | 2013-01-25 | 2013-04-24 | 河南省木本饲料工程技术研究中心 | Micrografting method for tetraploid acacia |
| CN103907473A (en) * | 2014-04-28 | 2014-07-09 | 安庆市金大地生态农业发展有限公司 | Spring thin skin melon grafting seedling raising method |
Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN107094511A (en) * | 2017-07-04 | 2017-08-29 | 西南林业大学 | A kind of stem apex gemmule grafting puncture method |
| CN107094511B (en) * | 2017-07-04 | 2019-05-28 | 西南林业大学 | A kind of stem apex gemmule grafting puncture method |
| CN108834604A (en) * | 2018-08-20 | 2018-11-20 | 河北北方学院 | The method of potato tetraploid cultivar and wild diploid species distant hybridization |
| CN108834604B (en) * | 2018-08-20 | 2021-01-15 | 河北北方学院 | Distant hybridization method for potato tetraploid cultivars and diploid wild species |
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