CN102498906A - Planting method for grafted high-yield eggplant - Google Patents
Planting method for grafted high-yield eggplant Download PDFInfo
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- CN102498906A CN102498906A CN201110365952XA CN201110365952A CN102498906A CN 102498906 A CN102498906 A CN 102498906A CN 201110365952X A CN201110365952X A CN 201110365952XA CN 201110365952 A CN201110365952 A CN 201110365952A CN 102498906 A CN102498906 A CN 102498906A
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Abstract
A planting method for grafted high-yield eggplant includes seedling raising, field planting, post-planting management, control of pest and disease damage and the like. A rootstock seed is chosen from solanum torvum to grow a quality rootstock for eggplant grafting. The eggplant seed belongs to Asean (association of southeast asian nations) No.1 and No.2. Therefore, the grafted high-yield eggplant is the quality high-yield certified eggplant cultivar which is robust in China. The invention discloses the complete method of seedling, seed bed management, grafting, post-planting field management, control of pest and disease damage and the like for scientific eggplant planting. The method is popular, easy to understand and convenient to operate. By disclosing and popularizing the method, the planting modes of eggplant can be changed, the eggplant can grow under best conditions, high quality and high yield are achieved, and accordingly, life of urban and rural civilians is enriched, and vegetable growers are provided with good benefits.
Description
Affiliated field
The invention belongs to agricultural planting, relate in particular to a kind of kind method for planting of grafting high yield eggplant.
Technical background
Eggplant is the annual herb plant, and ancient junket shortcake, the Kunlun melon claimed is edible with the tender fruit of children, originates in India, and 4th～5 century of Christian era are imported China into, the system of taproot, and dark 50 centimetres of root, 120 centimetres of extending transverselies, most of cloth is in 30 centimetres of plow layer.Fruit on the eggplant stem is claimed " door eggplant " ' fruit of one-level side shoot is called " to eggplant "; The fruit of secondary side shoot is called " four female buckets "; The fruit of three grades of side shoots is called " octahedral wind ", and the fruit of later side shoot is called " babysbreath ", about more than 300 ten thousand mu of national eggplant area under cultivation.The nutrition rich of eggplant, per 100 grams contain protein 2.3 grams, fat 0.1 gram, carbohydrate 3.1 grams; 22 milligrams of calcium, 31 milligrams in phosphorus, 0.4 milligram of iron, 0.04 milligram of carotin; 0.03 milligram of thiamine, 0.04 milligram in vitamin b3,0.5 milligram of niacin, 3 milligrams in ascorbic acid.Particularly the content of citrin is very high, and the content in the purple eggplant of 100 grams is up to more than 720 milligrams, on many vegetable and fruits; Citrin can make vascular wall keep elasticity and physiological function, protects cardiovascular, ascorbic acid, the intercellular adhesion strength of this material ability enhances human body; Strengthen the elasticity of capillary; Lower the fragility and the permeability of capillary, prevent to harden and break, help to prevent and treat hypertension, coronary heart disease, arteriosclerosis and purpura haemorrhagica; Protect cardiovascular, ascorbic acid, prevent and treat scurvy.Eggplant contains solanine, can suppress the propagation of digestive system tumor, for preventing and treating cancer of the stomach certain effect is arranged.The contained angle glycosides that presses down in the eggplant fiber; Effect with cholesterol reducing; Brazil scientist tests with fat rabbit; The rabbit that the edible eggplant juice of result is one group descends 10% than control group rabbit body inner cholesterol content, and the U.S.'s one tame magazine ranks the first edible eggplant in introducing " cholesterol reducing 12 methods " literary composition.Eggplant contains vitamin E, prevents hemorrhage and anti-senescence function, can make that cholesterol levels is unlikely in the blood increases, and delaying human body caducity is had positive meaning.Multiple nutrients is worth and medical value though eggplant has, and people are being perplexed in the cultivation of eggplant always, the humidity in its seedling stage, is incubated, leaks informaton, and the fertilizer after the field planting, water, illumination, the prevention of damage by disease and insect etc. all compare tight and loaded down with trivial details.The growth of eggplant requires relatively harsher to environmental condition, fusarium wilt, bacterial wilt, root rot, filariosis etc. all have bigger harm to eggplant, careless slightlyly will cause the underproduction even total crop failure, brings massive losses to the vegetable grower.Therefore, common eggplant kind method for planting, low, of poor quality, the difficult transportation of crop; Be difficult for preserving, want to make eggplant high-quality, high yield not only to require the amelioration of the soil, make the soil balanced in nutrition; And outside the good seed, also need the plantation and the management method of a cover science simultaneously.
Summary of the invention
The objective of the invention is: use the plantation and the management method of a cover science, make the fruits nutrition of eggplant abundant, the delicious U.S. of dish is pure.A kind of kind method for planting of grafting high yield eggplant, its technical scheme is following:
1, grows seedlings
Stock seed: adopt Solanum Torvum; The good stock of eggplant grafting originates in America.The main feature of this kind is anti-simultaneously four kinds of soil-borne diseases (verticillium wilt, fusarium wilt, bacterial wilt, nematodosis), reaches high anti-or immunity programm.The plant strain growth well developed root system is fit to grafting, and survival rate is high, except that the disease resistance with height, also has the characteristics of high temperature resistant arid, cold-resistant, moisture-proof, salt tolerant after the grafting, and grafting affinity is good, and survival rate is high, and growth potential is strong, and the quality of eggplant is constant, increase of production.
Eggplant kind: adopt Association of South-east Asian Nations one, No. two; It is the good quality and high output eggplant breeding of domestic comparative maturity.
(1), date of seeding: stock (Solanum Torvum), greenhouse are-25 days on the 15th annual September, and the spring booth is 25-October 1 September, and the land for growing field crops is on October-15 on the 5th.The eggplant kind: No. one, two, Association of South-east Asian Nations, the greenhouse is annual October 15, and the spring booth is October 25, and the land for growing field crops is 30-November 5 October.
(2) amount of broadcasting: stock (Solanum Torvum) 10-20 gram/mu, eggplant kind 20-30 gram/mu.
(3) seed soaking: stock (Solanum Torvum), with 55 ℃ of water seed soakings, the water yield was soaked 36-48 hour greater than 2-3 times of seed; Pull seed out and eluriate repeatedly, extraseminal mucous membrane is cleaned, and with anhydrate branch or dry of dried cloth suction, wraps with wet cloth then; Be placed on vernalization under 28-32 ℃ the condition, 3-4 days seeds have slightly and show money or valuables one carries unintentionally, below flushing with clean water; Be placed on then under 20-25 ℃ the condition, vernalization once more makes kind of bud sturdy neat.
(4) sowing: rest part complete nutrition soil and stir and pack in the nutritive cube, can not overfill, about 2cm is advisable apart from the upper edge, waters permeable waiting and broadcasts.Seed (showing money or valuables one carries unintentionally more than the 70-80%) after will soaking well can be sowed; Seed loam cake soil thickness is advisable with 0.2-0.3cm, covers the mulch film soil moisture conservation, for preventing lodging in seedling stage, upright withered and other disease; In every square metre, be affixed by seedling bacterium enemy and pcnb 8-10 gram; 1/3rd admix in the nutrition soil of nutritive cube, and 2/3rds admix in the blinding layer, play the effect of upper berth underlay.
(5) seedbed management: throw off mulch film after emerging, according to the suitable ventilation of extraneous weather condition, overcast and rainy ventilation time can be lacked, and seedling temperature in early stage is lower; Strict control is watered, and arid is serious to be badly in need of under the situation of watering, and a small amount of duty of available watering can is watered; The inaccurate big flood of going up as if running into long-time successive cloudy days, should manage to improve seedling bed temperature; Can replenish illumination under the situation with good conditionsi, day temperature is controlled at 25-30 ℃, about 17-20 ℃ of evening.
The eggplant kind need not soaked seed by the sowing and the seedling management of common eggplant.
(6) grafting: adopt cleft grafting or be abutted against general stock 5-6 sheet leaf, grafting during eggplant seedling 3-8 sheet leaf; After the grafting nutritive cube is put into the basin that nutritive water is housed and soak into (wound that water can not flood grafting), be placed on then on the bed of growing seedlings, prick on the arch bonnet two layers of plastic film or add a cover woven straw that it is shaded is airtight; Temperature is controlled at more than 25 ℃, after 4-5 days the plastic foil both sides is lifted up the 15-20cm height, lets seedling see scattered light 3-5 days; Strengthen gradually later on and see light quantity; Have wilting to put down film immediately as finding, circulation repeatedly slowly gets into normal management.
2, field planting
(1) site preparation and fertilization; Every mu of 4-8 of the farmyard manure that fully becomes thoroughly decomposed cube, every mu of bio-fertilizer (as: the native tillage fertilizer of living) 200-300 kilogram, 20 kilograms of composite fertilizers, diamines 20-25 kilogram, fertile 25 kilograms of mineral matter multielement, the whole soil of executing also guarantees to water unobstructed.
(2) density; Furrow are wide 1.9 meters-2 meters or 2 meters-2.1 meters, field planting behind a ridge or the flat furrow, and greenhouse big arch shed cultivation line-spacing is 75x60cm, the land for growing field crops line-spacing is a 1.8-2 rice, spacing in the rows 50cm, every mu of about 1500 seedlings of green house cultivation are about the every mu of about 1300-1500 seedling in land for growing field crops.
(3) field planting; Dark and the nutritive cube in cave is high consistent when planting seedling; Fertilising in the cave, biological high-quality bacterial manure (5 kilograms every mu), diamines (every mu of 12-15 kilogram), activin (10 kilograms every mu) mixing impose in the cave, the nutritive cube of band seedling is put into the cave fill up mixed fertilizer; When planting seedling not by sun-dried mud brick; The broken root of hindering in case stick together, ridging then, ridging must not cover the wound of grafting.
3, the management after the field planting
(1) temperature; Do not surpass 32 ℃ daytime, is not less than 12-13 ℃ evening, according to the suitable ventilation of weather condition.
(2) water management; Water must irrigate after the field planting, before door eggplant seat is lived, does not water under the normal condition later on, when door eggplant diameter has 30-40cm, waters once swollen fruit water, waters once in every 7-10 days after later four door sockets are beared fruit.
(3) management of topdressing; Generally do not water clear water after the door eggplant is received, and begin to topdress, bio-bacterial manure 5-10 kilogram, middle amount little fertile 10 kilograms and composite fertilizer's (every mu of 20-30 kilogram), one after the other is implemented, in conjunction with watering.
(4) the plain processing of bearing fruit; Early stage, the cold spell in spring temperature was low, the plain processing of must bearing fruit, and 2.4-D 1 (0.25mg) converts 0.5 kilogram in water, adds Sukeling 1 gram, adds color and makes marks, and is put on the eggplant anthocaulus, generally smears once in 3-5 days at interval, and weather warms and no longer smears after May.
(5) training, lifting rope; Training is pruned, and the Lao Ye that the door eggplant is received below the back in time destroys, and strengthens ventilation and penetrating light.The four door sockets plain back flat-top above four door sockets of handling of bearing fruit of blooming keeps lateral lobe, and branch is not stayed in four door sockets top; At the following tether of four door sockets, be hung in apart from ground on the 1.5 meters high rope or iron wire, the axillalry bud that is right after below four door sockets keeps; 4 main wooden forks respectively stay one, and remainder is all destroyed.
Scientific management during this is the important period of stable high yield, therefore, is also noted that following item:
1. training is pruned: behind the top flat-top of four door sockets, keep 4 growing points in four door socket flowers and fruits below, all the other side shoots are all erased, after the door eggplant is plucked; The following Lao Ye of door eggplant erases, and after eggplant was plucked, the Lao Ye following to eggplant erased; Keep a slice leaf and support branch to carry, after, by that analogy.
2. lifting rope: every capable eggplant both sides plant stake, stay cord, 1.5 meters apart from ground of stay cords.The spacing of every 7-8 eggplant is found two herringbone bamboo poles, and bamboo pole is gone into the degree of depth on ground firmly to be as the criterion, and rope or iron wire are fastened in the top, then below four female buckets tether (softwood matter, as: knitting wool etc.), fasten on the rope or iron wire that draws on the top.
(6) pluck; Confirm with the light line narrow bandwidth that the fruit place of combining forms that according to sepal the faster line band of fruit growth is wide more, darkens when the line band narrows down, explain that fruit is ripe, should in time pluck.Harvesting in time can be accelerated the fruit development in eggplant strain later stage, for later high yield lays the first stone.
4, the extermination of disease and insect pest:
(1), gray mold: 20% sick easy gram and Sukeling 600-800 doubly dilute sprinkling.
(2), leaf mold: 75% tpn wetting powder 800-1000 doubly dilutes sprinkling.Or 10% Difenoconazole 600-800 dilution spray.
(3), bright and beautiful eqpidemic disease: 64% Sandofan wetting powder 600-800 dilutes sprinkling.
More than three kinds sprayed once by turns alternately in extermination of disease and insect pest 7-10 days, or any two kinds are mixed and spray.
Get into May temperature and raise gradually, be prone to insect pest takes place, pay special attention to anti-ly to eliminate aphis, aleyrodid, two spotted spider mite etc.
Aphid is used: Imidacloprid; Aleyrodid is used: aleyrodid is clean; Two spotted spider mite is used: AVM, pyridaben etc., consumption is pressed the medicine explanation.
Need prevent the yellowtop evil 7-9 month, make a call to bordeaux mixture one time in 7-15 days, (copper sulphate, quicklime, water) 1: 1: 200 mixed is sprayed.
7-9 month rainwater is more, notes timely draining, soil with see dried see wet water and do wet watering once in one week of situation with the soil for being prone to, and cooperate fertilising, fertilising is main with bio-bacterial manure, high nitrogen, high potassium.
Other is undertaken by general field management.
Beneficial effect of the present invention
The invention provides the method for a cover scientic planting eggplant; From choose seeds, grow seedlings, field planting is to field management, detailed elaboration has all been done in control that has reached damage by disease and insect etc., and is easy-to-understand; Be convenient to operation; Its open and promotion conference makes the cropping pattern of eggplant obtain changing, and eggplant is grown under optimal conditions, reaches high-quality, high yield.Thereby enrich the life of urban and rural residents, the benefit that the vegetable grower also can receive is benefited the nation and the people.
Specific embodiments
Further specify the present invention below in conjunction with embodiment
Embodiment:
1, grows seedlings
Stock seed: adopt Solanum Torvum.
Eggplant kind: adopt Association of South-east Asian Nations No. one or No. two.
(1), date of seeding: stock (Solanum Torvum), greenhouse are-25 days on the 15th annual September, and the spring booth is 25-October 1 September, and the land for growing field crops is on October-15 on the 5th.The eggplant kind: No. one, two, Association of South-east Asian Nations, the greenhouse is annual October 15, and the spring booth is October 25, and the land for growing field crops is 30-November 5 October.
(2) amount of broadcasting: stock (Solanum Torvum) 10-20 gram/mu, eggplant kind 20-30 gram/mu.
(3) seed soaking: stock (Solanum Torvum), with 55 ℃ of water seed soakings, the water yield was soaked 36-48 hour greater than 2-3 times of seed; Pull seed out and eluriate repeatedly, extraseminal mucous membrane is cleaned, and with anhydrate branch or dry of dried cloth suction, wraps with wet cloth then; Be placed on vernalization under 28-32 ℃ the condition, 3-4 days seeds have slightly and show money or valuables one carries unintentionally, below flushing with clean water; Be placed on then under 20-25 ℃ the condition, vernalization once more makes kind of bud sturdy neat.
(4) sowing: rest part complete nutrition soil and stir and pack in the nutritive cube, can not overfill, about 2cm is advisable apart from the upper edge, waters permeable waiting and broadcasts.Seed (showing money or valuables one carries unintentionally more than the 70-80%) after will soaking well can be sowed; Seed loam cake soil thickness is advisable with 0.2-0.3cm, covers the mulch film soil moisture conservation, for preventing lodging in seedling stage, upright withered and other disease; In every square metre, be affixed by seedling bacterium enemy and pcnb 8-10 gram; 1/3rd admix in the nutrition soil of nutritive cube, and 2/3rds admix in the blinding layer, play the effect of upper berth underlay.
(5) seedbed management: throw off mulch film after emerging, according to the suitable ventilation of extraneous weather condition, overcast and rainy ventilation time can be lacked, and seedling temperature in early stage is lower; Strict control is watered, and arid is serious to be badly in need of under the situation of watering, and a small amount of duty of available watering can is watered; The inaccurate big flood of going up as if running into long-time successive cloudy days, should manage to improve seedling bed temperature; Can replenish illumination under the situation with good conditionsi, day temperature is controlled at 25-30 ℃, about 17-20 ℃ of evening.
Eggplant kind Association of South-east Asian Nations No. one or No. two need not soak seed by the sowing and the seedling management of common eggplant.
(6) grafting: adopt cleft grafting or be abutted against general stock 5-6 sheet leaf, grafting during eggplant seedling 3-8 sheet leaf; After the grafting nutritive cube is put into the basin that nutritive water is housed and soak into (wound that water can not flood grafting), be placed on then on the bed of growing seedlings, prick on the arch bonnet two layers of plastic film or add a cover woven straw that it is shaded is airtight; Temperature is controlled at more than 25 ℃, after 4-5 days the plastic foil both sides is lifted up the 15-20cm height, lets seedling see scattered light 3-5 days; Strengthen gradually later on and see light quantity; Have wilting to put down film immediately as finding, circulation repeatedly slowly gets into normal management.
2, field planting
(1) site preparation and fertilization; Every mu of 4-8 of the farmyard manure that fully becomes thoroughly decomposed cube, every mu of bio-fertilizer (as: the native tillage fertilizer of living) 200-300 kilogram, 20 kilograms of composite fertilizers, diamines 20-25 kilogram, fertile 25 kilograms of mineral matter multielement, the whole soil of executing also guarantees to water unobstructed.
(2) density; Furrow are wide 1.9 meters-2 meters or 2 meters-2.1 meters, field planting behind a ridge or the flat furrow, and greenhouse big arch shed cultivation line-spacing is 75x60cm, the land for growing field crops line-spacing is a 1.8-2 rice, spacing in the rows 50cm, every mu of about 1500 seedlings of green house cultivation are about the every mu of about 1300-1500 seedling in land for growing field crops.
(3) field planting; Dark and the nutritive cube in cave is high consistent when planting seedling; Fertilising in the cave, biological high-quality bacterial manure (5 kilograms every mu), diamines (every mu of 12-15 kilogram), activin (10 kilograms every mu) mixing impose in the cave, the nutritive cube of band seedling is put into the cave fill up mixed fertilizer; When planting seedling not by sun-dried mud brick; The broken root of hindering in case stick together, ridging then, ridging must not cover the wound of grafting.
3, the management after the field planting
(1) temperature; Do not surpass 32 ℃ daytime, is not less than 12-13 ℃ evening, according to the suitable ventilation of weather condition.
(2) water management; Water must irrigate after the field planting, before door eggplant seat is lived, does not water under the normal condition later on, when door eggplant diameter has 30-40cm, waters once swollen fruit water, waters once in every 7-10 days after later four door sockets are beared fruit.
(3) management of topdressing; Generally do not water clear water after the door eggplant is received, and begin to topdress, bio-bacterial manure 5-10 kilogram, middle amount little fertile 10 kilograms and composite fertilizer's (every mu of 20-30 kilogram), one after the other is implemented, in conjunction with watering.
(4) the plain processing of bearing fruit; Early stage, the cold spell in spring temperature was low, the plain processing of must bearing fruit, and 2.4-D 1 (0.25mg) converts 0.5 kilogram in water, adds Sukeling 1 gram, adds color and makes marks, and is put on the eggplant anthocaulus, generally smears once in 3-5 days at interval, and weather warms and no longer smears after May.
(5) training, lifting rope; Training is pruned, and the Lao Ye that the door eggplant is received below the back in time destroys, and strengthens ventilation and penetrating light.The four door sockets plain back flat-top above four door sockets of handling of bearing fruit of blooming keeps lateral lobe, and branch is not stayed in four door sockets top; At the following tether of four door sockets, be hung in apart from ground on the 1.5 meters high rope or iron wire, the axillalry bud that is right after below four door sockets keeps; 4 main wooden forks respectively stay one, and remainder is all destroyed.
Scientific management during this is the important period of stable high yield, therefore, is also noted that following item:
3. training is pruned: behind the top flat-top of four door sockets, keep 4 growing points in four door socket flowers and fruits below, all the other side shoots are all erased, after the door eggplant is plucked; The following Lao Ye of door eggplant erases, and after eggplant was plucked, the Lao Ye following to eggplant erased; Keep a slice leaf and support branch to carry, after, by that analogy.
4. lifting rope: every capable eggplant both sides plant stake, stay cord, 1.5 meters apart from ground of stay cords.The spacing of every 7-8 eggplant is found two herringbone bamboo poles, and bamboo pole is gone into the degree of depth on ground firmly to be as the criterion, and rope or iron wire are fastened in the top, below four female buckets, is knitting wool then, fastens on the rope or iron wire that draws on the top.
(6) pluck; Confirm with the light line narrow bandwidth that the fruit place of combining forms that according to sepal the faster line band of fruit growth is wide more, darkens when the line band narrows down, explain that fruit is ripe, should in time pluck.Harvesting in time can be accelerated the fruit development in eggplant strain later stage, for later high yield lays the first stone.
4, the extermination of disease and insect pest:
(1), gray mold: 20% sick easy gram and Sukeling 600-800 doubly dilute sprinkling.
(2), leaf mold: 75% tpn wetting powder 800-1000 doubly dilutes sprinkling.Or 10% Difenoconazole 600-800 dilution spray.
(3), bright and beautiful eqpidemic disease: 64% Sandofan wetting powder 600-800 dilutes sprinkling.
More than three kinds sprayed once by turns alternately in extermination of disease and insect pest 7-10 days, or any two kinds are mixed and spray.
Get into May temperature and raise gradually, be prone to insect pest takes place, pay special attention to anti-ly to eliminate aphis, aleyrodid, two spotted spider mite etc.Aphid is used: Imidacloprid; Aleyrodid is used: aleyrodid is clean; Two spotted spider mite is used: AVM, pyridaben etc., consumption is pressed the medicine explanation.
(4) need prevent the yellowtop evil 7-9 month, make a call to bordeaux mixture one time in 7-15 days, (copper sulphate, quicklime, water) 1: 1: 200 mixed is sprayed.
(5) 7-9 month rainwater is more, notes timely draining, soil with see dried see wet water and do wet watering once in one week of situation with the soil for being prone to, and cooperate fertilising, fertilising is main with bio-bacterial manure, high nitrogen, high potassium.
Other is undertaken by general field management.
According to method of the present invention, gave presents to one's elders 5 mu of eggplants of Zhen Liu village plantation in the Boai County, Henan Province in 2009, obtain the output of 3.5 ten thousand jin of every per mu yields.Gave presents to one's elders the Zhen Liu village in the Boai County, Henan Province in 2010 and plant 10 mu of eggplants, obtain the output of 4.05 ten thousand jin of every per mu yields, produce not little reflection in the locality, the villager imitates one after another, has all obtained good harvest, makes kind of eggplant become a local industry.
Claims (5)
1. the kind method for planting of a grafting high yield eggplant, its technical characterictic is following: grow seedlings field planting, the management after the field planting, the extermination of disease and insect pest.
2. the kind method for planting of a kind of grafting high yield eggplant as claimed in claim 1; Its seedling-cultivating method is:
Stock seed: adopt Solanum Torvum; The eggplant kind adopts Association of South-east Asian Nations one, No. two;
(1), date of seeding: stock (Solanum Torvum), greenhouse are-25 days on the 15th annual September, and the spring booth is 25-October 1 September, and the land for growing field crops is on October-15 on the 5th; The eggplant kind: No. one, two, Association of South-east Asian Nations, the greenhouse is annual October 15, and the spring booth is October 25, and the land for growing field crops is 30-November 5 October;
(2) amount of broadcasting: stock (Solanum Torvum) 10-20 gram/mu, eggplant kind 20-30 gram/mu;
(3) seed soaking: stock (Solanum Torvum), with 55 ℃ of water seed soakings, the water yield was soaked 36-48 hour greater than 2-3 times of seed; Pull seed out and eluriate repeatedly, extraseminal mucous membrane is cleaned, and with anhydrate branch or dry of dried cloth suction, wraps with wet cloth then; Be placed on vernalization under 28-32 ℃ the condition, 3-4 days seeds have slightly and show money or valuables one carries unintentionally, below flushing with clean water; Be placed on then under 20-25 ℃ the condition, vernalization once more makes kind of bud sturdy neat;
(4) sowing: rest part complete nutrition soil and stir and pack in the nutritive cube, can not overfill, about 2cm waters permeable waiting and broadcasts for declaring apart from the upper edge.Seed (showing money or valuables one carries unintentionally more than the 70-80%) after will soaking well can be sowed; Seed loam cake soil thickness is advisable with 0.2-0.3cm, covers the mulch film soil moisture conservation, for preventing lodging in seedling stage, upright withered and other disease; In every square metre, be affixed by seedling bacterium enemy and pcnb 8-10 gram; 1/3rd admix in the nutrition soil of nutritive cube, and 2/3rds admix in the blinding layer, play the effect of upper berth underlay;
(5) seedbed management: throw off mulch film after emerging, according to the suitable ventilation of extraneous weather condition, overcast and rainy ventilation time can be lacked, and seedling temperature in early stage is lower; Strict control is watered, and arid is serious to be badly in need of under the situation of watering, and a small amount of duty of available watering can is watered; The inaccurate big flood of going up as if running into long-time successive cloudy days, should manage to improve seedling bed temperature; Can replenish illumination under the situation with good conditionsi, day temperature is controlled at 25-30 ℃, about 17-20 ℃ of evening;
(6) grafting: adopt cleft grafting or be abutted against general stock 5-6 sheet leaf, grafting during eggplant seedling 3-8 sheet leaf; After the grafting nutritive cube is put into the basin that nutritive water is housed and soak into (wound that water can not flood grafting), be placed on then on the bed of growing seedlings, prick on the arch bonnet two layers of plastic film or add a cover woven straw that it is shaded is airtight; Temperature is controlled at more than 25 ℃, after 4-5 days the plastic foil both sides is lifted up the 15-20cm height, lets seedling see scattered light 3-5 days; Strengthen gradually later on and see light quantity; Have wilting to put down film immediately as finding, circulation repeatedly slowly gets into normal management.
3. the kind method for planting of a kind of grafting high yield eggplant as claimed in claim 1; Its field planting method is:
(1) site preparation and fertilization; Every mu of 4-8 of the farmyard manure that fully becomes thoroughly decomposed cube, every mu of bio-fertilizer 200-300 kilogram, 20 kilograms of composite fertilizers, diamines 20-25 kilogram, fertile 25 kilograms of mineral matter multielement, the whole soil of executing also guarantees to water unobstructed;
(2) density; Furrow are wide 1.9 meters-2 meters or 2 meters-2.1 meters, field planting behind a ridge or the flat furrow, and greenhouse big arch shed cultivation line-spacing is 75x60cm, the land for growing field crops line-spacing is a 1.8-2 rice, spacing in the rows 50cm, every mu of about 1500 seedlings of green house cultivation are about the every mu of about 1300-1500 seedling in land for growing field crops;
(3) field planting; Dark and the nutritive cube in cave is high consistent when planting seedling; Fertilising in the cave, biological high-quality bacterial manure (5 kilograms every mu), diamines (every mu of 12-15 kilogram), activin (10 kilograms every mu) mixing impose in the cave, the nutritive cube of band seedling is put into the cave fill up mixed fertilizer; When planting seedling not by sun-dried mud brick; The broken root of hindering in case stick together, ridging then, ridging must not cover the wound of grafting.
4. the kind method for planting of a kind of grafting high yield eggplant as claimed in claim 1; Management after its field planting is:
(1) temperature; Do not surpass 32 ℃ daytime, is not less than 12-13 ℃ evening, according to the suitable ventilation of weather condition;
(2) water management; Water must irrigate after the field planting, before door eggplant seat is lived, does not water under the normal condition later on, when door eggplant diameter has 30-40cm, waters once swollen fruit water, waters once in every 7-10 days after later four door sockets are beared fruit;
(3) management of topdressing; Generally do not water clear water after the door eggplant is received, and begin to topdress, bio-bacterial manure 5-10 kilogram, middle amount little fertile 10 kilograms and composite fertilizer's (every mu of 20-30 kilogram), one after the other is implemented, in conjunction with watering;
(4) the plain processing of bearing fruit; Early stage, the cold spell in spring temperature was low, the plain processing of must bearing fruit, and 2.4-D 1 (0.25mg) converts 0.5 kilogram in water, adds Sukeling 1 gram, adds color and makes marks, and is put on the eggplant anthocaulus, generally smears once in 3-5 days at interval, and weather warms and no longer smears after May;
(5) training, lifting rope; Training is pruned, and the Lao Ye that the door eggplant is received below the back in time destroys, and strengthens ventilation and penetrating light.The four door sockets plain back flat-top above four door sockets of handling of bearing fruit of blooming keeps lateral lobe, and branch is not stayed in four door sockets top; At the following tether of four door sockets, be hung in apart from ground on the 1.5 meters high rope or iron wire, the axillalry bud that is right after below four door sockets keeps; 4 main wooden forks respectively stay one, and remainder is all destroyed;
Management during this is also noted that following item:
1. training is pruned: behind the top flat-top of four door sockets, keep 4 growing points in four door socket flowers and fruits below, all the other side shoots are all erased, after the door eggplant is plucked; The following Lao Ye of door eggplant erases, and after eggplant was plucked, the Lao Ye following to eggplant erased; Keep a slice leaf and support branch to carry, after, by that analogy;
2. lifting rope: every capable eggplant both sides plant stake, stay cord, 1.5 meters of stay cords apart from ground, and the spacing of every 7-8 eggplant is found two herringbone bamboo poles; Bamboo pole is gone into the degree of depth on ground firmly to be as the criterion; Rope or iron wire are fastened in the top, and tether below four female buckets is fastened on the rope or iron wire that draws on the top then;
(6) pluck; Confirm with the light line narrow bandwidth that the fruit place of combining forms that according to sepal the faster line band of fruit growth is wide more, darkens when the line band narrows down, explain that fruit is ripe, should in time pluck.
5. the kind method for planting of a kind of grafting high yield eggplant as claimed in claim 1; Its extermination of disease and insect pest is:
(1), gray mold: 20% sick easy gram and Sukeling 600-800 doubly dilute sprinkling;
(2), leaf mold: 75% tpn wetting powder 800-1000 doubly dilutes sprinkling, or 10% Difenoconazole 600-800 dilution is sprayed;
(3), bright and beautiful eqpidemic disease: 64% Sandofan wetting powder 600-800 dilutes sprinkling;
More than three kinds sprayed once by turns alternately in extermination of disease and insect pest 7-10 days, or any two kinds are mixed and spray;
(4) need prevent the yellowtop evil 7-9 month, make a call to bordeaux mixture one time in 7-15 days, (copper sulphate, quicklime, water) 1: 1: 200 mixed is sprayed;
(5) 7-9 month rainwater is more, notes timely draining, soil with see dried see wet water and do wet watering once in one week of situation with the soil for being prone to, and cooperate fertilising, fertilising is main with bio-bacterial manure, high nitrogen, high potassium.
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