CN107173024A - A kind of cultivation implantation methods of kipeming high yield eggplant - Google Patents
A kind of cultivation implantation methods of kipeming high yield eggplant Download PDFInfo
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- CN107173024A CN107173024A CN201710509333.0A CN201710509333A CN107173024A CN 107173024 A CN107173024 A CN 107173024A CN 201710509333 A CN201710509333 A CN 201710509333A CN 107173024 A CN107173024 A CN 107173024A
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Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C21/00—Methods of fertilising, sowing or planting
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G13/00—Protecting plants
Landscapes
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Soil Sciences (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Toxicology (AREA)
- Agricultural Chemicals And Associated Chemicals (AREA)
- Cultivation Of Plants (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of cultivation implantation methods of kipeming high yield eggplant, comprise the following steps：Variety selection：Select Yinqie No.1 as scion variety, wildness eggplant is used as stock；Cultivate：Start grafting when the rice shoot of stock and scion grows to 56 true leaves；Grafting：Grafting is carried out using cleft graft；Field planting：Bedding cultivation is played, 33 40 centimetres of spacing in the rows carries out size line-spacing and plants seedling, wide row space is 80 90 centimetres, small line-spacing is 60 70 centimetres, and the height of the grafting part of seedling stem apart from ground is not less than 4 centimetres, and seedling is planted to the latter half of of greenhouse, seedlings plant the first half to greenhouse, covering with plastic film, sets three layers of covering, first layer is awning film, the second layer is to take a middle canopy film in canopy between two furrow, and third layer is that a furrow take a Small plastic shed；Field management；Harvesting.The cultivation implantation methods of the present invention can make big shed eggplant more early harvest of surviving the winter, and preferably meet demand of the market to fresh eggplant, while improving yield, add resistance, add the income of vegetable grower.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to field of agricultural cultivation, more particularly to a kind of cultivation plantation side of kipeming high yield eggplant
Method.
Background technology
Eggplant nutritive element content enriches, eating method it is various, in good taste, nutritious and, with medical value, it is deep by
People's likes, is the indispensable vegetables of China market, and it not only comes into the dining table of huge numbers of families, and gives many kinds of vegetable growers
The people bring higher economic benefit.
But the cultivation of eggplant annoyings people always, the humidity in its seedling stage, it is incubated, leaks informaton, fertilizer, water after field planting, illumination,
Prevention of pest and disease damage etc. is all relatively strict and cumbersome, and the growth of eggplant requires harsher to environmental condition, it is careless slightly will
The underproduction or even total crop failure are caused, massive losses are brought to vegetable grower.Therefore, common eggplant implantation methods, crop is low, quality
Difference, wants to make eggplant good quality and high output not only require the amelioration of the soil, and makes soil nutrition balanced, and outside excellent seed, while
Need cultivation and the implantation methods of a set of science.
In addition, eggplant is the warm crop of happiness, compared with high temperature resistant, preference temperature as a result is 25-30 DEG C, to the anti-of photoperiod length
Should be insensitive, as long as proper temperature, it can be bloomed from spring to autumn, result, based on outdoor cropping, early spring plants date of seeding 12
Month, the field planting of Second Year late Febuary starts harvesting by the end of April；Turn over autumn planting and plant seeding and seedling raising in May, June, field planting, was harvested the 8-9 months；Now
The eggplant survived the winter mostly is field planting in or so October, is harvested after December, then a market occurs during October to November
The problem of fresh eggplant supply is reduced, if it is possible to by being improved to existing cultivation and implantation methods so that can be with
In August or so field planting, harvest, harvested second batch in or so December, just can greatly cater to the need in market or so October
Ask, obtain bigger economic benefit.
The content of the invention
In view of the deficienciess of the prior art, it is an object of the invention to provide a kind of cultivation of kipeming high yield eggplant plantation
Method, can make big shed eggplant more early harvest of surviving the winter, while improving yield, add resistance.
To achieve the above object, the invention provides following technical scheme：A kind of cultivation plantation side of kipeming high yield eggplant
Method, comprises the following steps：
Variety selection：Select the strong early-maturing variety Yinqie No.1 of low light tolerance, winter resistance as scion variety, wildness eggplant is made
For stock；
Cultivate：Start grafting when the rice shoot of stock and scion grows to 5-6 piece true leaves；
Grafting：Stock is retained into 2 true leaves, with the crosscutting stock stem of blade, removes top, is rived in the middle of stem, to incision
About 1.0-1.5 centimetres depth, scion second is pulled up, 2-3 piece true leaves of keeping a full stand of seedings remove lower end with knife, by the top stem incision of reservation
Wedge is whittled into, in the otch that scion is inserted to stock, after alignment, is fixed with clip；
Field planting：Pot for growing seedlings is poured permeable in field planting the previous day, bedding cultivation is played, 33-40 centimetres of spacing in the rows is carried out size line-spacing and planted
Seedling, wide row space is 80-90 centimetres, and small line-spacing is 60-70 centimetres, and the height of the grafting part of seedling stem apart from ground is not less than 4 lis
Rice, seedling is planted to the latter half of of greenhouse, the first half of seedlings cultivation to greenhouse；
Field management：
A, rich water quality management：Door eggplant, which stares, did not watered before the phase, combines to water after the phase of staring and topdresses once, every mu is applied tri compound
7.5 kilograms of fertilizer, 4 kilograms of urea, 5.5 kilograms of potash fertilizer, after the harvesting of door eggplant, monthly apply disposable fertilizer, apply phosphorus potash fertilizer 10-20 for every mu every time
Kilogram, 10 kilograms of urea；
B, the adjustment and management of plant：Behind plant envelope ridge, the yellow of eggplant base portion or overstocked branches and leaves are extractd, 3-5 is carried out
It is secondary, agricultural chemicals is applied with sootiness after priming leaf, is invaded with anti-bacteria from wound；
C, prevent fruit drop：Smear calyx and anthocaulus upper end with 20-30mg/L 2,4-D liquid, it is to avoid splash blade and
On stem, or with 40-50mg/L drop-proof agent liquid spraying decorations.
Harvesting：When eggplant eye thimble band is narrow or can substantially not harvested, harvesting will in the morning 5:00-7:Carried out between 00.
As a further improvement on the present invention, the field management is also survived the winter including insulation：Covering with plastic film, sets three layers and covers
Lid, first layer is awning film, and the second layer is to take a middle canopy film in canopy between two furrow, and third layer is that a furrow take a Small plastic shed.
As a further improvement on the present invention, it is planted with Small plastic shed between two greenhouses simultaneously in the field planting step
His autumn and winter vegetables.
As a further improvement on the present invention, to be carried out in the grafting step：
A, temperature treatment：3 days after grafting, day temperature is controlled at 20-26 DEG C, and nocturnal temperature is not less than after 15 DEG C, 3 days,
Day temperature is no more than 30 DEG C, and nocturnal temperature is not less than after 15 DEG C, 1 week, and day temperature is controlled in 20-32 DEG C, nocturnal temperature control
System is at 12-15 DEG C, and grafting is colonized first 1 week, and reduction temperature carries out low temperature and practices seedling；
B, management of leaking informaton：In grafting back 1 week, the air humidity in seedbed should be made to be maintained at 85%-95%, 1 Zhou Houkai
Beginning is aerated to seedbed, the air humidity on daytime in seedbed is dropped to 78-82%, after grafting survives, and strengthens seedbed and leads to
Wind, 70%-80% is dropped to by the air humidity on daytime in seedbed；
C, illumination management：Seedbed is sheltered from heat or light in 3 days after grafting, allow grafting to receive direct light since the 4th day
According to, and the time of sheltering from heat or light is gradually decreased, it is transitioned into whole day and does not shelter from heat or light, switchs to natural lighting management；
As a further improvement on the present invention, following preparation is carried out before the field planting step：
A, site preparation：Depth of ploughing is not shallower than 20 centimetres；
B, fertilising：Every 100 square metres of cultivating beds are with pure chicken manure 1-1.2 cubic metres or pure pig manure 1-1.5 cubic metres, composite fertilizer
12-18 kilograms, 15-20 kilograms of calcium magnesium phosphate；
C, do furrow：Big 80-90 centimetres of row spacing, small 60-70 centimetres of row spacing, small 15 centimetres of furrow ditch depth, big furrow ditch depth 18-
20 centimetres.
As a further improvement on the present invention, the field management also includes disease control：Preferably sprayed for gray mold, cigarette
These three method dual-purposes of smoked, dust, spray pesticide should first extract disease fruit and sick leaf, then spray decoction at the initial stage of a disease；Medicament is selected
Good 1500 times of liquid of pleasure are applied with 50% Sukeling wettable powder, 100 times of liquid or 40%；Dust dispenser should be close to using fumigant
Late or overcast and rainy progress, dust agent selects 5% Bravo or 5% Jia Ruinong dust agents；Fumigant smokes spirit or Bravo from one,
Different agents rotation is applied, fine day selection wettable powder spraying, the cloudy day selects fumigant, per medication in 5-7 days 1 time, is used in conjunction
3-5 times；
Cotton disease early stage is from the net 800-1000 times of liquid of wettable powder of 72% downy mildew epidemic disease, the soft corruption of the continuous epidemic disease of 20% eggplant
One kind in 800 times of liquid of wettable powder is revealed by clever 400-500 times of liquid or 72% Du Pont gram, and each agricultural chemicals is used alternatingly, every 7-10
Its medication 1 time, is used in conjunction 3-4 times.
As a further improvement on the present invention, the field management also includes pest control：Aphid is net from 10% 1 time
2000-2500 times of liquid or 20% good 2000-3000 times of liquid preventing and treating of year winter, yellow tea mite are prevented from 1% desinsection 2000-2500 times of liquid of element
Control, red spider is from 73% propargite or 20% good 2000-3000 times of liquid preventing and treating of year winter, and thrips is from 20% good year winter 2000-
3000 times of liquid spraying preventing and treatings.
As a further improvement on the present invention, to the paclobutrazol pulvis of rice shoot active ingredient 15% in the incubation step
Solution is made and carries out sprinkling processing.
As a further improvement on the present invention, the concentration of the paclobutrazol solution is 15-45ppm.The present invention passes through experiment
It was found that the rice shoot blade area after the paclobutrazol solution processing through this concentration range has compared blade area with blank control group
Reduce, plant height has been suppressed, root/shoot ratio increases, chlorophyll content increases, in a word, can effectively suppress seedling stage apprentice
Long, increase is beared fruit, and improves yield.
The cultivation implantation methods of the kipeming high yield eggplant of the present invention, filter out Yinqie No.1 as scion variety, wildness eggplant
As stock, both are subjected to grafting, is then colonized, by a variety of shadows in grafting, field planting and field management process
The factor for ringing eggplant growth carries out integrating control, can make big shed eggplant more early harvest of surviving the winter, preferably meet market to fresh eggplant
The demand of son, while improving yield, adds resistance, adds the income of vegetable grower.
Embodiment
The present invention is described in further detail below in conjunction with embodiment.
Embodiment 1
A kind of cultivation implantation methods of kipeming high yield eggplant, comprise the following steps：
Variety selection：Select the strong early-maturing variety Yinqie No.1 of low light tolerance, winter resistance as scion variety, wildness eggplant is made
For stock；
Cultivate：The solution that the concentration that rice shoot is made of the paclobutrazol pulvis of active ingredient 15% is 15ppm is sprayed
Processing, grafting can be carried out when the rice shoot of stock and scion grows to 5-6 piece true leaves；
Grafting：Stock is retained into 2 true leaves, with the crosscutting stock stem of blade, removes top, is rived in the middle of stem, to incision
About 1.0-1.5 centimetres depth, scion second is pulled up, 2-3 piece true leaves of keeping a full stand of seedings remove lower end with knife, by the top stem incision of reservation
Wedge is whittled into, in the otch that scion is inserted to stock, after alignment, is fixed with clip；
In the grafting step it is noted that：
A, temperature treatment：3 days after grafting, the requirement to temperature is stricter, and day temperature is controlled in 20-26 DEG C, night
Temperature is not less than 15 DEG C, and insulation is taken when temperature is too low and measure is heated, and seedbed is aggravated to shelter from heat or light during temperature drift, 3 days
After can relax temperature treatment, day temperature is no more than 30 DEG C, and nocturnal temperature is not less than after 15 DEG C, 1 week, when grafting starts substantially
During growth, day temperature control is at 20-32 DEG C, and nocturnal temperature control is at 12-15 DEG C, and grafting is colonized first 1 week, and reduction temperature is entered
Row low temperature practices seedling, but minimum experienced seedling temperature is not below 10 DEG C；
B, management of leaking informaton：Grafting will keep higher to air humidity and soil moisture, grafting back 1 in seedbed before surviving
In all, the air humidity in seedbed should be made to be maintained at 85%-95%, while keeping ground moistening, seedbed is fitted after one week
The ventilation of amount, makes the air humidity on daytime in seedbed drop to 78-82%, prevents that the air humidity of whole day in seedbed is too high, draws
Lifting stem and Miao Ye rot, after grafting survives, and strengthen seedbed ventilation, the air humidity on daytime in seedbed is dropped into 70%-
80%, reduce morbidity；
C, illumination management：In addition to sheltering from heat or light in after grafting 3 days to seedbed, seedbed is kept in other times as far as possible
Long light application time and relatively more sufficient illumination, will allow grafting to receive direct light since the 4th day and shine, later by
Gradual transition does not shelter from heat or light to whole day, switchs to natural lighting management, if generally grafting is that blade is slightly wilted performance, can be not required to
Shelter from heat or light, if petiole also begins to wilt, show that illumination is too strong, seedbed is sheltered from heat or light；
D, management of watering：Temperature during autumn Grafted Eggplant nursery is higher, and water requirement is big, and duty to water prevents seedbed
Dry.
Prepare before field planting：
A, green house requirement：The cultivation phase of greenhouse grafting guinea squash is long, and plant is higher, and greenhouse front height is 1.5 meters,
Greenhouse heat-insulating will get well；
B, site preparation：The planting time of greenhouse grafting guinea squash is long, and root system buries depth, deep tillage area, and depth of ploughing is 25-
30 centimetres；
C, fertilising：Eggplant is more manurial-philous, also more resistance to fertilizer, and root system buries deep, and the effect topdressed is poor,
Many fertilisings are asked, base fertilizer is used sufficient and base fertilizer is made of the fertilizer of high-quality, 1 cube of the pure chicken manure of every 100 square metres of cultivating bed high-quality
Rice, 12 kilograms of high-quality composite fertilizer, 15 kilograms of calcium magnesium phosphate；
D, do furrow：Greenhouse grafting guinea squash should play bedding cultivation, and big 80 centimetres of row spacing, small 60 centimetres of row spacing ensures to water
Quality, beneficial to permeable and reduction winter irrigation amount, small furrow is preferably shallow, and 15 centimetres of ditch depth, big furrow should deeply, ditch depth
18 centimetres, winter waters in small furrow；
Field planting：Pot for growing seedlings is poured permeable in field planting the previous day, bedding cultivation is played, 33 centimetres of spacing in the rows manages for the ease of entering field,
Ensure well-ventilated simultaneously and receive illumination abundance, carry out size line-spacing and plant seedling, wide row space is 80 centimetres, and small line-spacing is 60 lis
Rice, the height of the grafting part of seedling stem apart from ground is 4 centimetres, and seedling is planted to the latter half of of greenhouse, and seedlings, which are planted, to be arrived before greenhouse
Half portion, covering with plastic film sets three layers of covering, and first layer is awning film, and the second layer is to take a middle canopy film between two furrow in canopy, the
Three layers are that a furrow take a Small plastic shed, during field planting, it should be noted that prevent seedling sticks together from dissipating soil, to protect grafting part, eggplant
Grafting part is more brittle, easily snaps off, eggplant seedling fringe also easily from stock split mouth in come off, remove seedling field planting when require gently take
Put down gently, Grafting clip should not also be taken from Miao Jingshang；
Field management：
A, rich water quality management：Overwintering eggplant cultivation phase extension, fertilizer requirement is big, answers heavy dressing base manure, and general door eggplant stared before the phase not
Water, many intertillage soil moisture conservations in case of arid can pour small water, but will prevent excess moisture from causing plant excessive growth, strengthen after the phase of staring
Rich water quality management, is topdressed once with reference to watering, and every mu is applied 7.5 kilograms of NPK, 4 kilograms of urea, 5.5 kilograms of potash fertilizer, door eggplant
Result peak period is transferred to after harvesting, is also the critical period for improving yield, now eggplant increment is big, and fruiting quantities are more, it is desirable to have
Sufficient rich water, monthly applies disposable fertilizer after the harvesting of door eggplant, applies 10 kilograms of phosphorus potash fertilizer, 10 kilograms of urea, eggplant result for every mu every time
Phase should not apply excessive phosphate fertilizer, otherwise fruit can be caused to be hardened and aging, reduce quality.
B, the adjustment and management of plant：Behind plant envelope ridges, the yellow of eggplant base portion or overstocked branches and leaves are extractd, are carried out 3 times,
So as to the genetic method for strengthening ventilation and penetrating light, reducing air humidity in canopy, reducing pest and disease damage, agricultural chemicals is applied with sootiness after priming leaf, with
Anti-bacteria is invaded from wound；
C, prevent fruit drop：Calyx and anthocaulus upper end are smeared with 20mg/L 2,4-D liquid, it is to avoid splash blade and stem
On；
D, insulation are survived the winter：It is that cultivation is successfully crucial to prevent freeze injury and damage to plants caused by sudden drop in temperature, if running into often overcast and rainy or snowing, by force
When cold air is gone down south, evening one layer of sunshade net of lid or blade of drying again outside middle canopy, while with small arch between two greenhouses
Canopy plants autumn and winter vegetables, is distributed to prevent the excessive heat in greenhouse limit, in order to expand insulation ratio, can also use and widen greenhouse or prolong
The measure of long greenhouse length；
E, the prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control：Preferably sprayed for gray mold, sootiness, dust these three method dual-purposes, spray pesticide Ying Fa
At sick initial stage, disease fruit and sick leaf are first extractd, then spray decoction, it should be noted that spray uniformly, comprehensively, prevent from leaving dead angle；Medicament is selected
50% 100 times of Sukeling wettable powder liquid；Dust dispenser or administration fumigant should be in dusk or overcast and rainy progress, dust agent choosing
Use 5% Bravo；Fumigant is applied different agents rotation from a smoked spirit, fine day selection wettable powder spraying, cloudy day choosing
With fumigant, every medication in 5 days 1 time is used in conjunction 3 times；
Cotton disease early stage is soft rotten clever 400 times by 800 times of liquid of the net wettable powder of 72% downy mildew epidemic disease, the continuous epidemic disease of 20% eggplant
Liquid and 72% Du Pont gram dew 800 times of wettable powder, three kinds of liquid medicine are used alternatingly, and are sprayed 1 time every 7 days, even spray 3 times；
Aphid is from 10% time net 2000 times of liquid preventing and treating, and yellow tea mite is from 1% desinsection element, 2000 times of liquid preventing and treatings, red spider
From 73% propargite, 2000 times of liquid preventing and treatings, thrips is from 20% good 2000 times of liquid spraying preventing and treatings of year winter.Harvesting：When eggplant eye thimble band
Narrow or can substantially not harvested, harvesting will in the morning 5:00-7:Carried out between 00.
Embodiment 2
Variety selection：Select the strong early-maturing variety Yinqie No.1 of low light tolerance, winter resistance as scion variety, wildness eggplant is made
For stock；
Cultivate：The solution that the concentration that rice shoot is made of the paclobutrazol pulvis of active ingredient 15% is 30ppm is sprayed
Processing, grafting can be carried out when the rice shoot of stock and scion grows to 5-6 piece true leaves；
Grafting：Stock is retained into 2 true leaves, with the crosscutting stock stem of blade, removes top, is rived in the middle of stem, to incision
About 1.0-1.5 centimetres depth, scion second is pulled up, 2-3 piece true leaves of keeping a full stand of seedings remove lower end with knife, by the top stem incision of reservation
Wedge is whittled into, in the otch that scion is inserted to stock, after alignment, is fixed with clip；
In the grafting step it is noted that：
A, temperature treatment：3 days after grafting, the requirement to temperature is stricter, and day temperature is controlled in 22-24 DEG C, night
Temperature is not less than 15 DEG C, and insulation is taken when temperature is too low and measure is heated, and seedbed is aggravated to shelter from heat or light during temperature drift, 3 days
After can relax temperature treatment, day temperature is no more than 30 DEG C, and nocturnal temperature is not less than after 15 DEG C, 1 week, when grafting starts substantially
During growth, day temperature control is at 25-32 DEG C, and nocturnal temperature control is at 12-15 DEG C, and grafting is colonized first 1 week, and reduction temperature is entered
Row low temperature practices seedling, but minimum experienced seedling temperature is not below 10 DEG C；
B, management of leaking informaton：Grafting will keep higher to air humidity and soil moisture, grafting back 1 in seedbed before surviving
In all, the air humidity in seedbed should be made to be maintained at 85%-95%, while keeping ground moistening, start to enter seedbed after one week
The appropriate ventilation of row, makes the air humidity on daytime in seedbed drop to 78-82%, prevents the air humidity mistake of whole day in seedbed
Height, causes seedling stem and Miao Ye to rot, after grafting survives, and strengthens seedbed ventilation, the air humidity on daytime in seedbed is dropped to
70%-80%, reduces morbidity；
C, illumination management：In addition to sheltering from heat or light in after grafting 3 days to seedbed, seedbed is kept in other times as far as possible
Long light application time and relatively more sufficient illumination, will allow grafting to receive direct light since the 4th day and shine, later by
Gradual transition does not shelter from heat or light to whole day, switchs to natural lighting management, if generally grafting is that blade is slightly wilted performance, can be not required to
Shelter from heat or light, if petiole also begins to wilt, show that illumination is too strong, seedbed is sheltered from heat or light；
D, management of watering：Temperature during autumn Grafted Eggplant nursery is higher, and water requirement is big, and duty to water prevents seedbed
Dry.
Prepare before field planting：
A, green house requirement：The cultivation phase of greenhouse grafting guinea squash is long, and plant is higher, and greenhouse front height is 1.5 meters,
Greenhouse heat-insulating will get well；
B, site preparation：The planting time of greenhouse grafting guinea squash is long, and root system buries depth, deep tillage area, and depth of ploughing is 25-
30 centimetres；
C, fertilising：Eggplant is more manurial-philous, also more resistance to fertilizer, and root system buries deep, and the effect topdressed is poor,
Many fertilisings are asked, base fertilizer is used sufficient and base fertilizer is made of the fertilizer of high-quality, the pure pig manure 1.3 of every 100 square metres of cultivating bed high-quality is stood
Square rice, 16 kilograms of high-quality composite fertilizer, 18 kilograms of calcium magnesium phosphate；
D, do furrow：Greenhouse grafting guinea squash should play bedding cultivation, and big 85 centimetres of row spacing, small 65 centimetres of row spacing ensures to water
Quality, beneficial to permeable and reduction winter irrigation amount, small furrow is preferably shallow, and 15 centimetres of ditch depth, big furrow should deeply, ditch depth
19 centimetres, winter waters in small furrow；
Field planting：Pot for growing seedlings is poured permeable in field planting the previous day, bedding cultivation is played, 38 centimetres of spacing in the rows manages for the ease of entering field,
Ensure well-ventilated simultaneously and receive illumination abundance, carry out size line-spacing and plant seedling, wide row space is 85 centimetres, and small line-spacing is 65 lis
Rice, the height of the grafting part of seedling stem apart from ground is 4 centimetres, and seedling is planted to the latter half of of greenhouse, and seedlings, which are planted, to be arrived before greenhouse
Half portion, covering with plastic film sets three layers of covering, and first layer is awning film, and the second layer is to take a middle canopy film between two furrow in canopy, the
Three layers are that a furrow take a Small plastic shed, during field planting, it should be noted that prevent seedling sticks together from dissipating soil, to protect grafting part, eggplant
Grafting part is more brittle, easily snaps off, eggplant seedling fringe also easily from stock split mouth in come off, remove seedling field planting when require gently take
Put down gently, Grafting clip should not also be taken from Miao Jingshang；
Field management：
A, rich water quality management：Overwintering eggplant cultivation phase extension, fertilizer requirement is big, answers heavy dressing base manure, and general door eggplant stared before the phase not
Water, many intertillage soil moisture conservations in case of arid can pour small water, but will prevent excess moisture from causing plant excessive growth, strengthen after the phase of staring
Rich water quality management, is topdressed once with reference to watering, and every mu is applied 7.5 kilograms of NPK, 4 kilograms of urea, 5.5 kilograms of potash fertilizer, door eggplant
Result peak period is transferred to after harvesting, is also the critical period for improving yield, now eggplant increment is big, and fruiting quantities are more, it is desirable to have
Sufficient rich water, monthly applies disposable fertilizer after the harvesting of door eggplant, applies 15 kilograms of phosphorus potash fertilizer, 10 kilograms of urea, eggplant result for every mu every time
Phase should not apply excessive phosphate fertilizer, otherwise fruit can be caused to be hardened and aging, reduce quality.
B, the adjustment and management of plant：Behind plant envelope ridges, the yellow of eggplant base portion or overstocked branches and leaves are extractd, are carried out 4 times,
So as to the genetic method for strengthening ventilation and penetrating light, reducing air humidity in canopy, reducing pest and disease damage, agricultural chemicals is applied with sootiness after priming leaf, with
Anti-bacteria is invaded from wound；
C, prevent fruit drop：Calyx and anthocaulus upper end are smeared with 25mg/L 2,4-D liquid, it is to avoid splash blade and stem
On；
D, insulation are survived the winter：It is that cultivation is successfully crucial to prevent freeze injury and damage to plants caused by sudden drop in temperature, if running into often overcast and rainy or snowing, by force
When cold air is gone down south, evening one layer of sunshade net of lid or blade of drying again outside middle canopy, while with small arch between two greenhouses
Canopy plants autumn and winter vegetables, is distributed to prevent the excessive heat in greenhouse limit, in order to expand insulation ratio, can also use and widen greenhouse or prolong
The measure of long greenhouse length；
E, the prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control：Preferably sprayed for gray mold, sootiness, dust these three method dual-purposes, spray pesticide Ying Fa
At sick initial stage, disease fruit and sick leaf are first extractd, then spray decoction, it should be noted that spray uniformly, comprehensively, prevent from leaving dead angle；Medicament is selected
40% applies good 1500 times of liquid of pleasure；Dust dispenser or administration fumigant should add auspicious in dusk or overcast and rainy progress, dust agent from 5%
Agriculture dust agent；Fumigant selects Bravo, and different agents rotation is applied, and fine day selection wettable powder spraying, the cloudy day selects
Fumigant, every medication in 6 days 1 time, is used in conjunction 4 times；
Cotton disease early stage is by 1000 times of liquid of the net wettable powder of 72% downy mildew epidemic disease, the soft rotten spirit 500 of the continuous epidemic disease of 20% eggplant
Times liquid and 72% Du Pont gram dew 800 times of liquid of wettable powder are used alternatingly, and every medication in 8 days 1 time, are used in conjunction 3 times；
Aphid is from 20% good 3000 times of liquid preventing and treatings of year winter, and yellow tea mite is from 1% desinsection element, 2500 times of liquid preventing and treatings, red spider
From 20% good 3000 times of liquid preventing and treatings of year winter, thrips is from 20% good 2000 times of liquid spraying preventing and treatings of year winter.Harvesting：When eggplant eye thimble band
Narrow or can substantially not harvested, harvesting will in the morning 5:00-7:Carried out between 00.
Embodiment 3
Variety selection：Select the strong early-maturing variety Yinqie No.1 of low light tolerance, winter resistance as scion variety, wildness eggplant is made
For stock；
Cultivate：The solution that the concentration that rice shoot is made of the paclobutrazol pulvis of active ingredient 15% is 45ppm is sprayed
Processing, grafting can be carried out when the rice shoot of stock and scion grows to 5-6 piece true leaves；
Grafting：Stock is retained into 2 true leaves, with the crosscutting stock stem of blade, removes top, is rived in the middle of stem, to incision
About 1.0-1.5 centimetres depth, scion second is pulled up, 2-3 piece true leaves of keeping a full stand of seedings remove lower end with knife, by the top stem incision of reservation
Wedge is whittled into, in the otch that scion is inserted to stock, after alignment, is fixed with clip；
In the grafting step it is noted that：
A, temperature treatment：3 days after grafting, the requirement to temperature is stricter, and day temperature is controlled in 22-24 DEG C, night
Temperature is not less than 15 DEG C, and insulation is taken when temperature is too low and measure is heated, and seedbed is aggravated to shelter from heat or light during temperature drift, 3 days
After can relax temperature treatment, day temperature is no more than 30 DEG C, and nocturnal temperature is not less than after 15 DEG C, 1 week, when grafting starts substantially
During growth, day temperature control is at 25-32 DEG C, and nocturnal temperature control is at 12-15 DEG C, and grafting is colonized first 1 week, and reduction temperature is entered
Row low temperature practices seedling, but minimum experienced seedling temperature is not below 10 DEG C；
B, management of leaking informaton：Grafting will keep higher to air humidity and soil moisture in seedbed before surviving, general grafting
In back 1 week, the air humidity in seedbed should be made to be maintained at 85%-95%, while keeping ground moistening, started after one week to seedling
Bed carries out appropriate ventilation, the air humidity on daytime in seedbed is dropped to 78-82%, prevents the air humidity of whole day in seedbed
It is too high, cause seedling stem and Miao Ye to rot, after grafting survives, strengthen seedbed ventilation, the air humidity on daytime in seedbed is declined
To 70%-80%, morbidity is reduced；
C, illumination management：In addition to sheltering from heat or light in after grafting 3 days to seedbed, seedbed is kept in other times as far as possible
Long light application time and relatively more sufficient illumination, will allow grafting to receive direct light since the 4th day and shine, later by
Gradual transition does not shelter from heat or light to whole day, switchs to natural lighting management, if generally grafting is that blade is slightly wilted performance, can be not required to
Shelter from heat or light, if petiole also begins to wilt, show that illumination is too strong, seedbed is sheltered from heat or light；
D, management of watering：Temperature during autumn Grafted Eggplant nursery is higher, and water requirement is big, and duty to water prevents seedbed
Dry.
Prepare before field planting：
A, green house requirement：The cultivation phase of greenhouse grafting guinea squash is long, and plant is higher, and greenhouse front height is 1.5 meters,
Greenhouse heat-insulating will get well；
B, site preparation：The planting time of greenhouse grafting guinea squash is long, and root system buries depth, deep tillage area, and depth of ploughing is 25-
30 centimetres；
C, fertilising：Eggplant is more manurial-philous, also more resistance to fertilizer, and root system buries deep, and the effect topdressed is poor,
Many fertilisings are asked, base fertilizer is used sufficient and base fertilizer is made of the fertilizer of high-quality, the pure pig manure 1-1.5 of every 100 square metres of cultivating bed high-quality
Cubic meter, 18 kilograms of high-quality composite fertilizer, 20 kilograms of calcium magnesium phosphate；
D, do furrow：Greenhouse grafting guinea squash should play bedding cultivation, and big 90 centimetres of row spacing, small 70 centimetres of row spacing ensures to water
Quality, beneficial to permeable and reduction winter irrigation amount, small furrow is preferably shallow, and 15 centimetres of ditch depth, big furrow should deeply, ditch depth
20 centimetres, winter waters in small furrow；
Field planting：Pot for growing seedlings is poured permeable in field planting the previous day, bedding cultivation is played, 40 centimetres of spacing in the rows manages for the ease of entering field,
Ensure well-ventilated simultaneously and receive illumination abundance, carry out size line-spacing and plant seedling, wide row space is 90 centimetres, and small line-spacing is 70 lis
Rice, the height of the grafting part of seedling stem apart from ground is 4 centimetres, and seedling is planted to the latter half of of greenhouse, and seedlings, which are planted, to be arrived before greenhouse
Half portion, covering with plastic film sets three layers of covering, and first layer is awning film, and the second layer is to take a middle canopy film between two furrow in canopy, the
Three layers are that a furrow take a Small plastic shed, during field planting, it should be noted that prevent seedling sticks together from dissipating soil, to protect grafting part, eggplant
Grafting part is more brittle, easily snaps off, eggplant seedling fringe also easily from stock split mouth in come off, remove seedling field planting when require gently take
Put down gently, Grafting clip should not also be taken from Miao Jingshang；
Field management：
A, rich water quality management：Overwintering eggplant cultivation phase extension, fertilizer requirement is big, answers heavy dressing base manure, and door eggplant, which stares, did not watered before the phase,
Many intertillage soil moisture conservations, in case of arid can pour small water, but will prevent excess moisture from causing plant excessive growth, to strengthen rich water pipe after the phase of staring
Reason, is topdressed once with reference to watering, and every mu is applied 7.5 kilograms of NPK, 4 kilograms of urea, 5.5 kilograms of potash fertilizer, after the harvesting of door eggplant
Result peak period is transferred to, is also the critical period for improving yield, now eggplant increment is big, and fruiting quantities are more, it is desirable to have abundance
Rich water, is monthly applied once after the harvesting of door eggplant, applies 20 kilograms of phosphorus potash fertilizer for every mu every time, 10 kilograms of urea, and eggplant fruiting period should not be applied
Excessive phosphate fertilizer, otherwise can cause fruit to be hardened and aging, reduce quality.
B, the adjustment and management of plant：Behind plant envelope ridges, the yellow of eggplant base portion or overstocked branches and leaves are extractd, are carried out 5 times,
So as to the genetic method for strengthening ventilation and penetrating light, reducing air humidity in canopy, reducing pest and disease damage, agricultural chemicals is applied with sootiness after priming leaf, with
Anti-bacteria is invaded from wound；
C, prevent fruit drop：With 40-50mg/L drop-proof agent liquid spraying decorations；
D, insulation are survived the winter：It is that cultivation is successfully crucial to prevent freeze injury and damage to plants caused by sudden drop in temperature, if running into often overcast and rainy or snowing, by force
When cold air is gone down south, evening one layer of sunshade net of lid or blade of drying again outside middle canopy, while with small arch between two greenhouses
Canopy plants autumn and winter vegetables, is distributed to prevent the excessive heat in greenhouse limit, in order to expand insulation ratio, can also use and widen greenhouse or prolong
The measure of long greenhouse length；
E, the prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control：Preferably sprayed for gray mold, sootiness, dust these three method dual-purposes, spray pesticide Ying Fa
At sick initial stage, disease fruit and sick leaf are first extractd, then spray decoction, it should be noted that spray uniformly, comprehensively, prevent from leaving dead angle；Medicament is selected
40% applies good 1500 times of liquid of pleasure；Dust dispenser or administration fumigant should select 5,%00 bacterium in dusk or overcast and rainy progress, dust agent
Clearly；Fumigant is applied different agents rotation from a smoked spirit, and fine day selection wettable powder spraying, the cloudy day selects fumigant,
Every medication in 7 days 1 time, is used in conjunction 5 times；
Cotton disease early stage is by 1000 times of liquid of the net wettable powder of 72% downy mildew epidemic disease, the soft rotten spirit 400- of the continuous epidemic disease of 20% eggplant
500 times of liquid and 72% Du Pont gram dew 800 times of liquid of wettable powder are used alternatingly, and every medication in 10 days 1 time, are used in conjunction 4 times；
Aphid is from 10% time net 2500 times of liquid preventing and treating, and yellow tea mite is from 1% desinsection element, 2500 times of liquid preventing and treatings, red spider
From 73% propargite, 3000 times of liquid preventing and treatings, thrips is from 20% good 2000 times of liquid spraying preventing and treatings of year winter.Harvesting：When eggplant eye thimble band
Narrow or can substantially not harvested, harvesting will in the morning 5:00-7:Carried out between 00.Control group is cultivated using traditional eggplant
Implantation methods.
According to the eggplant of the method harvest of the present invention, economic flow rate is significantly improved than control group, and Vitamin C content has
It is obviously improved, while yield is improved, the quality of eggplant is improved again.
Described above is only the preferred embodiment of the present invention, and protection scope of the present invention is not limited merely to above-mentioned implementation
Example, all technical schemes belonged under thinking of the present invention belong to protection scope of the present invention.It should be pointed out that for the art
Those of ordinary skill for, some improvements and modifications without departing from the principles of the present invention, these improvements and modifications
It should be regarded as protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (9)
1. a kind of cultivation implantation methods of kipeming high yield eggplant, it is characterised in that：Comprise the following steps：
Variety selection：Select the strong early-maturing variety Yinqie No.1 of low light tolerance, winter resistance as scion variety, wildness eggplant is used as anvil
Wood；
Cultivate：Start grafting when the rice shoot of stock and scion grows to 5-6 piece true leaves；
Grafting：Stock is retained into 2 true leaves, with the crosscutting stock stem of blade, removes top, is rived in the middle of stem, to incision about
1.0-1.5 centimetres of depth, scion second is pulled up, 2-3 piece true leaves of keeping a full stand of seedings remove lower end with knife, and the top stem incision of reservation is cut
Into wedge, in the otch that scion is inserted to stock, after alignment, fixed with clip；
Field planting：Pot for growing seedlings is poured permeable in field planting the previous day, bedding cultivation is played, 33-40 centimetres of spacing in the rows carries out size line-spacing and plants seedling,
Wide row space is 80-90 centimetres, and small line-spacing is 60-70 centimetres, and the height of the grafting part of seedling stem apart from ground is not less than 4 centimetres,
Seedling is planted to the latter half of of greenhouse, the first half of seedlings cultivation to greenhouse；
Field management：
A, rich water quality management：Door eggplant, which stares, did not watered before the phase, combines to water after the phase of staring and topdresses once, every mu is applied NPK
7.5 kilograms, 4 kilograms of urea, 5.5 kilograms of potash fertilizer, door eggplant harvesting after, monthly apply disposable fertilizer, every time every mu apply phosphorus potash fertilizer 10-20 thousand
Gram, 10 kilograms of urea；
B, the adjustment and management of plant：Behind plant envelope ridge, the yellow of eggplant base portion or overstocked branches and leaves are extractd, carries out 3-5 times, plucks
Agricultural chemicals is applied with sootiness after leaf, is invaded with anti-bacteria from wound；
C, prevent fruit drop：Calyx and anthocaulus upper end are smeared with 20-30mg/L 2,4-D liquid, it is to avoid splashed on blade and stem,
Or with 40-50mg/L drop-proof agent liquid spraying decorations.
Harvesting：When eggplant eye thimble band is narrow or can substantially not harvested, harvesting will be carried out in the morning.
2. a kind of cultivation implantation methods of kipeming high yield eggplant according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：The field pipe
Reason is also survived the winter including insulation：Covering with plastic film, sets three layers of covering, and first layer is awning film, and the second layer is to be taken in canopy between two furrow
One middle canopy film, third layer is that a furrow take a Small plastic shed.
3. a kind of cultivation implantation methods of kipeming high yield eggplant according to claim 2, it is characterised in that：The field planting step
Other autumn and winter vegetables are planted with Small plastic shed between two greenhouses simultaneously in rapid.
4. a kind of cultivation implantation methods of kipeming high yield eggplant according to claim 3, it is characterised in that：The grafting step
To be carried out in rapid：
A, temperature treatment：3 days after grafting, day temperature is controlled at 20-26 DEG C, and nocturnal temperature is not less than after 15 DEG C, 3 days, daytime
Temperature is no more than 30 DEG C, and nocturnal temperature is not less than after 15 DEG C, 1 week, and day temperature control is at 20-32 DEG C, and nocturnal temperature control exists
12-15 DEG C, grafting is colonized first 1 week, and reduction temperature carries out low temperature and practices seedling；
B, management of leaking informaton：In grafting back 1 week, the air humidity in seedbed should be made to be maintained at 85%-95%, started after 1 week pair
Seedbed is aerated, and the air humidity on daytime in seedbed is dropped to 78-82%, after grafting survives, and strengthens seedbed ventilation, will
The air humidity on daytime drops to 70%-80% in seedbed；
C, illumination management：Seedbed is sheltered from heat or light in 3 days after grafting, allow grafting to receive direct light since the 4th day and shine,
And the time of sheltering from heat or light is gradually decreased, it is transitioned into whole day and does not shelter from heat or light, switchs to natural lighting management.
5. a kind of cultivation implantation methods of kipeming high yield eggplant according to claim 4, it is characterised in that：The field planting step
Following preparation is carried out before rapid：
A, site preparation：Depth of ploughing is not shallower than 20 centimetres；
B, fertilising：Every 100 square metres of cultivating beds are with pure chicken manure 1-1.2 cubic metres or pure pig manure 1-1.5 cubic metres, composite fertilizer 12-
18 kilograms, 15-20 kilograms of calcium magnesium phosphate；
C, do furrow：Big 80-90 centimetres of row spacing, small 60-70 centimetres of row spacing, small 15 centimetres of furrow ditch depth, big 18-20 lis of furrow ditch depth
Rice.
6. a kind of cultivation implantation methods of kipeming high yield eggplant according to claim 5, it is characterised in that：The field pipe
Reason also includes disease control：Preferably sprayed for gray mold, sootiness, dust these three method dual-purposes, spray pesticide should be in morbidity just
Phase, disease fruit and sick leaf are first extractd, then spray decoction；Medicament applies good from 50% Sukeling wettable powder, 100 times of liquid or 40%
Happy 1500 times of liquid；Dust dispenser or administration fumigant should select 5% Bravo or 5% in dusk or overcast and rainy progress, dust agent
Jia Ruinong dust agents；Fumigant is applied different agents rotation from a smoked spirit or Bravo, fine day selection wettable powder spray
Mist, the cloudy day selects fumigant, per medication in 5-7 days 1 time, is used in conjunction 3-5 times；
Cotton disease early stage is from the net 800-1000 times of liquid of wettable powder of 72% downy mildew epidemic disease, the soft rotten spirit of the continuous epidemic disease of 20% eggplant
One kind in 800 times of liquid of wettable powder was revealed by 400-500 times of liquid or 72% Du Pont gram, and each agricultural chemicals is used alternatingly, every 7-10 days
Medication 1 time, is used in conjunction 3-4 times.
7. a kind of cultivation implantation methods of kipeming high yield eggplant according to claim 6, it is characterised in that：The field pipe
Reason also includes pest control：Aphid is prevented from a 10% time net 2000-2500 times of liquid or 20% 2000-3000 times of liquid of good year winter
Control, yellow tea mite is from the 2000-2500 times of liquid preventing and treating of 1% desinsection element, and red spider is from 73% propargite or 20% good year winter 2000-
3000 times of liquid preventing and treatings, thrips is from 20% good 2000-3000 times of liquid spraying preventing and treating of year winter.
8. a kind of cultivation implantation methods of kipeming high yield eggplant according to claim 7, it is characterised in that：It is described to cultivate step
Solution is made in rapid of the paclobutrazol pulvis of active ingredient 15% to rice shoot and carries out sprinkling processing.
9. a kind of cultivation implantation methods of kipeming high yield eggplant according to claim 8, it is characterised in that：The paclobutrazol
The concentration of solution is 15-45ppm.
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| CN110521513A (en) * | 2019-09-06 | 2019-12-03 | 六安市裕安区荣伟蔬菜种植专业合作社 | A kind of implantation methods of eggplant |
| CN112602473A (en) * | 2020-12-29 | 2021-04-06 | 辽宁依农农业科技有限责任公司 | Industrialized eggplant double-root-cutting grafting seedling method |
| CN113079974A (en) * | 2021-04-21 | 2021-07-09 | 广西贺州市正丰现代农业股份有限公司 | Eggplant planting method with good cold resistance |
| CN113141893A (en) * | 2021-01-26 | 2021-07-23 | 贵州丰萃农业发展有限公司 | Grafting disease prevention technology for solanaceae vegetables |
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| CN109156283A (en) * | 2018-08-17 | 2019-01-08 | 武汉蔬博农业科技有限公司 | A kind of open country implantation methods of eggplant thin planting high yield |
| CN110521513A (en) * | 2019-09-06 | 2019-12-03 | 六安市裕安区荣伟蔬菜种植专业合作社 | A kind of implantation methods of eggplant |
| CN112602473A (en) * | 2020-12-29 | 2021-04-06 | 辽宁依农农业科技有限责任公司 | Industrialized eggplant double-root-cutting grafting seedling method |
| CN113141893A (en) * | 2021-01-26 | 2021-07-23 | 贵州丰萃农业发展有限公司 | Grafting disease prevention technology for solanaceae vegetables |
| CN113079974A (en) * | 2021-04-21 | 2021-07-09 | 广西贺州市正丰现代农业股份有限公司 | Eggplant planting method with good cold resistance |
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