CN113079974A - Eggplant planting method with good cold resistance - Google Patents
Eggplant planting method with good cold resistance Download PDFInfo
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- CN113079974A CN113079974A CN202110432294.5A CN202110432294A CN113079974A CN 113079974 A CN113079974 A CN 113079974A CN 202110432294 A CN202110432294 A CN 202110432294A CN 113079974 A CN113079974 A CN 113079974A
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- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 claims description 10
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- 238000009331 sowing Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 241000208292 Solanaceae Species 0.000 claims description 7
- 235000013311 vegetables Nutrition 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000005696 Diammonium phosphate Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 6
- MNNHAPBLZZVQHP-UHFFFAOYSA-N diammonium hydrogen phosphate Chemical compound [NH4+].[NH4+].OP([O-])([O-])=O MNNHAPBLZZVQHP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910000388 diammonium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
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- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- OTYBMLCTZGSZBG-UHFFFAOYSA-L potassium sulfate Chemical compound [K+].[K+].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O OTYBMLCTZGSZBG-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052939 potassium sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 235000011151 potassium sulphates Nutrition 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000013138 pruning Methods 0.000 claims description 6
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- 229930191978 Gibberellin Natural products 0.000 claims description 3
- NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfur Chemical compound [S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000005843 Thiram Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Urea Chemical compound NC(N)=O XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
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- JNPZQRQPIHJYNM-UHFFFAOYSA-N carbendazim Chemical compound C1=C[CH]C2=NC(NC(=O)OC)=NC2=C1 JNPZQRQPIHJYNM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000006013 carbendazim Substances 0.000 claims description 3
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- 239000004744 fabric Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 210000003608 fece Anatomy 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000003958 fumigation Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- IXORZMNAPKEEDV-UHFFFAOYSA-N gibberellic acid GA3 Natural products OC(=O)C1C2(C3)CC(=C)C3(O)CCC2C2(C=CC3O)C1C3(C)C(=O)O2 IXORZMNAPKEEDV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000003448 gibberellin Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000036512 infertility Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000010871 livestock manure Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000013372 meat Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000011259 mixed solution Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910000402 monopotassium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
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- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- KUAZQDVKQLNFPE-UHFFFAOYSA-N thiram Chemical compound CN(C)C(=S)SSC(=S)N(C)C KUAZQDVKQLNFPE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229960002447 thiram Drugs 0.000 claims description 3
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Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
- A01G22/05—Fruit crops, e.g. strawberries, tomatoes or cucumbers
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C1/00—Apparatus, or methods of use thereof, for testing or treating seed, roots, or the like, prior to sowing or planting
- A01C1/06—Coating or dressing seed
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C21/00—Methods of fertilising, sowing or planting
- A01C21/005—Following a specific plan, e.g. pattern
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G13/00—Protecting plants
- A01G13/02—Protective coverings for plants; Coverings for the ground; Devices for laying-out or removing coverings
- A01G13/0206—Canopies, i.e. devices providing a roof above the plants
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G2/00—Vegetative propagation
- A01G2/30—Grafting
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05B—PHOSPHATIC FERTILISERS
- C05B7/00—Fertilisers based essentially on alkali or ammonium orthophosphates
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/10—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in agriculture
- Y02A40/28—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in agriculture specially adapted for farming
Abstract
The invention discloses an eggplant planting method with good cold resistance. In the invention, the bark of the willow is taken out and then exposed under the sun, and then the bark is cut into small blocks which are paved at the bottom of the seedbed, thus the effect of heat preservation can be well achieved; through reasonable fertilization mode, provide sufficient nutrient for the eggplant grows in winter, the cooperation willow bark has very strong adaptability and viability simultaneously, can prevent wind, absorb water, and prevent cold effects such as playing heat preservation, not only can make the root grow, certain effect of disinfecting in addition, put some willow barks in soil, can effectually avoid breeding these problems of bacterium, also can play heat retaining effect to root bottom in winter simultaneously, cooperation pottery stone, can in time discharge the moisture of eggplant bottom, thereby the cold resistance of eggplant has been improved, the output in eggplant winter has been guaranteed, and then the income of planting the family has been guaranteed.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of eggplant production, and particularly relates to an eggplant planting method with good cold resistance.
Background
Solanum nigrum L, Solanaceae, Solanum genus plant. The eggplant branches vertically from herbaceous plants to subshrubular trees with the height of 1m, branches of 6-8- (10) branch, leaf stalks and flower stalks are flat or star-shaped villi with short stalks, the branches are mostly purple (wild and often have skin thorn), and the hair is gradually shed when the branches are aged. Big leaves, oval to oblong oval, with petioles about 2-4.5 cm long (wild with skin pricks). The pregnant flower can grow singly, the flower stalk is about 1-1.8 cm long, and the hair is dense. The shape and size of the fruits vary greatly. The shape of the fruit is long or round, and the color is white, red, purple, etc. The fruit can be used as vegetable. The root, stem and leaf are used as astringent and diuretic, and the leaf can also be used as anesthetic. The seeds are detumescence medicine and are also used as irritant, but the seeds are easy to cause stomach weakness and constipation, and the fruits can relieve the edible fungi poisoning by eating raw.
However, when common eggplants are planted, the cold resistance of the eggplants is poor, so that the eggplants do not grow well in winter, and the yield is reduced.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to: in order to solve the problems, the eggplant planting method with good cold resistance is provided.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows: the planting method of the eggplant with good severe cold resistance comprises the following steps:
s1, selecting commercial coating seeds for eggplants, and planting 40g/667m2(ii) a Soaking seeds in cold water for 3 hours, then soaking the seeds in warm water at 50 ℃ for 0.5 hour, and immediately cooling the seeds in the cold water after soaking; wrapping the soaked seeds with wet cloth, and accelerating germination at 25-30 ℃;
s2 preparation of seedbed is started after the seeds germinate in the step S1, garden soil which has not been planted with solanaceae vegetables in recent years and the fully decomposed and sieved ring manure are selected according to the following stepsAfter being mixed evenly in a ratio of 2:1, 2kg/m of ternary compound fertilizer is added3；
S3, soaking the stock seeds in warm soup, soaking the stock seeds in a gibberellin solution of 150-200 mg/kg for 48 hours, then accelerating germination under the conditions of a daily temperature of 35 ℃ and a night temperature of 15 ℃, and germinating for 8-10 days; carrying out winter grafting on eggplants in a sunlight greenhouse, wherein the scions of grafted seedlings are sowed 15-20 days later than the stocks;
s4, sowing till the seedlings are aligned and kept at 28-32 ℃ in the daytime and 20-22 ℃ at night; keeping the temperature of 25-28 ℃ in the daytime and 6-18 ℃ at night from seedling aligning to seedling separating; thinning 1-2 times before seedling division, wherein the distance between seedlings is 2-3 cm, and the distance between scions for grafting is 3-4 cm;
s5, when 4-5 stock seedlings and 3-4 scion seedlings have true leaves, starting grafting when the stem thickness reaches 0.3 cm; cutting off more than 2 true leaves of the stock stem by a knife by adopting a cleft grafting method, vertically cutting the stock stem from the middle at the upper end, and cutting the stock stem with the depth of 1.0 cm; then, the scion seedling is pulled up, two sides of the scion seedling are obliquely cut downwards at an angle of 30 degrees at a color changing strip which is about 2cm away from the overground part of the scion to form a wedge shape with the length of 1cm, and then the cut bottom end of the scion is inserted into a stock stem cut and fixed by a grafting clip;
s6, immediately covering a small arched shed after grafting, preserving heat and moisture, and adding a shading facility; keeping the temperature of 26-30 ℃ in the daytime and 18-21 ℃ at night in the first 3 days; gradually exposing light and reducing the temperature after 3 days, wherein the temperature is 25-27 ℃ in the daytime and 17-20 ℃ at night;
s7, selecting the previous crop as a non-solanaceae vegetable sunlight greenhouse; the overwintering eggplant has long growth period, and in order to ensure high yield, sufficient organic fertilizer needs to be applied as base fertilizer, and the base fertilizer is prepared every 667m by combining soil preparation25000kg of high-quality organic fertilizer, 8000kg of decomposed cake fertilizer, 120g of diammonium phosphate and 120g of potassium sulfate are applied;
s8, beginning to fix the seedlings in the middle ten days to the end ten days of 10 months, wherein the planting density is 2200 to 2500 seedlings/667 m2Digging holes on the ridges according to the plant spacing of 40-50 cm for planting seedlings, wherein the surface of the soil lumps after planting is lower than the ridge top; covering mulching films on the small rows of 2 ridges after field planting, opening holes on the films to lead seedlings out of the films, and then watering seedling-reviving water between the small rows under the films;
s9, after the seedling water is poured, before fruit setting, the soil is kept dry and wet; the relative humidity of air is kept below 75%; top dressing is started when the Menga eggplant expands, and each 667m2Applying 25kg of ternary compound fertilizer in combination with watering, and performing water flush after dissolution; each 667m of harvested eggplant2Then, 15kg of diammonium phosphate and 10kg of potassium sulfate are applied;
s10, keeping the temperature of 25-30 ℃ in daytime and 15-20 ℃ at night in the seedling revival stage; keeping the temperature at 22-25 ℃ in the daytime and 12-16 ℃ at night in the early growth stage; in the fruiting period, the temperature is kept at 25-28 ℃ in the daytime and 14-18 ℃ at night; the ground temperature is suitably 18-22 ℃;
s11, deeply ploughing soil in a closed environment of a greenhouse, and thoroughly removing and controlling residual germs in greenhouse soil by adopting technical measures such as sulfur fumigation, high-temperature braising and the like before planting the overwintering eggplant so as to strive for soil and indoor sterility; the fertilizer is treated in a harmless way, and the fertilizer with the pests is prevented from entering a greenhouse; the applied organic fertilizer is applied after being covered with a plastic film at high temperature and fully decomposed in summer;
s12, after the eggplant is fixedly planted, various measures are adopted to increase light and supplement light in the weakest season;
s13, adopting a double-trunk pruning mode for overwintering eggplants in a sunlight greenhouse; after the Menga is subjected to fruit setting, old leaves on the ground are picked off, the 1 st lateral branch is reserved to form double trunks, the trunk is reserved for every 2 trunks, and the auxiliary lateral branch is reserved at the upper part of the fruit with 3 leaf pinching;
s14, digging a plurality of small holes on the surface of the eggplant growing soil, and placing pottery stones into the holes, or properly adding a plurality of small holes during blending to achieve the dredging effect and the drainage effect.
In a preferred embodiment, in step S1, the mixture is turned over 1 time every 4 to 6 hours and washed 1 time per day; after 3-5 days, sowing can be carried out when 60% of seeds germinate.
In a preferred embodiment, in step S3, the bed soil is laid in a thickness of 13cm, and 50% thiram and 50% carbendazim wettable powder are mixed at a ratio of 1:1 for every 1m2The medicine 10g is mixed with 5kg of fine soil sieved, one part is paved on a bed surface during sowing, and the other part is used for covering soil on seeds.
In a preferred embodiment, the meat skin may be put into a container in step S4, and some clear water is added for fermentation and decomposition, which is necessarily sealed, and about 20 days, we can use it, and some clear water is added before watering.
In a preferred embodiment, in step S3, the scion is generally planted in the middle of 8 months, and the stock is planted in the late 7 months; watering the seedbed with water on the sole, and covering 1 layer of fine medicinal soil after the water is infiltrated; and uniformly spreading the eggplant seeds after germination acceleration on a bed surface, and covering 1-1.2 cm of fine medical soil.
In a preferred embodiment, in step S4, diseased seedlings, weak seedlings, young seedlings and mixed seedlings are removed, and soil is covered after thinning; 3, dividing the seedlings into 1-leaf and 1-core seedlings, ditching in a seedling dividing bed according to the row spacing of 10cm, and planting the seedlings in water; the stock is directly transplanted into a nutrition pot of 10cm multiplied by 10 cm.
In a preferred embodiment, in step S6, the film of the small shed may be opened properly after 6 days, the shading device may be removed after 7 days, and the small shed may be removed after 10 days for wound healing; planting eggplant seedlings when the eggplant seedlings show large buds; the standard strong seedling plant height is 20-22 cm, the stem thickness is 0.6-0.8 cm, 7-9 leaves are dark green, the root system is developed, and no plant diseases or insect pests exist.
In a preferred embodiment, in step S7, ridges are formed at a large row spacing of 70cm and a small row spacing of 60cm, and the ridge height is 20 cm; the large rows are reserved as operation rows, the narrow rows are reserved as watering ditches, meanwhile, the barks of the willows are taken out, then the willows are exposed under the sun, the barks are cut into small blocks and paved at the bottom of a seedbed, and the effect of heat preservation can be well achieved.
In a preferred embodiment, in step S9, a mixed solution of 1% urea, 0.5% monopotassium phosphate and 0.1% leaven can be applied to foliage for 2-3 times; increasing CO in production of overwintering eggplant2The application of the air fertilizer has obvious yield increasing effect.
In a preferred embodiment, in step S12, the light irradiation and the temperature can be increased by hanging a reflective screen on the rear wall of the greenhouse, cleaning a film, and the like; in addition, timely pruning and forking are needed to remove the diseased leaves and old leaves and enhance the light transmission between lines.
In summary, due to the adoption of the technical scheme, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
1. according to the invention, sufficient nutrients are provided for the growth of eggplants in winter through a reasonable fertilization mode, and the willow bark is matched to have strong adaptability and viability, so that the effects of preventing wind, absorbing water, preventing cold, preserving heat and the like can be achieved, the roots can grow, a certain sterilization effect can be achieved, if a plurality of willow barks are placed in soil, the problems of bacterial breeding can be effectively avoided, the heat preservation effect can be achieved on the bottoms of the roots in winter, and the water at the bottoms of the eggplants can be timely discharged through matching with pottery stones, so that the cold resistance of the eggplants is improved, the yield of the eggplants in winter is ensured, and the income of farmers is further ensured.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are some embodiments of the present invention, but not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
The planting method of the eggplant with good severe cold resistance comprises the following steps:
s1, selecting commercial coating seeds for eggplants, and planting 40g/667m2(ii) a Soaking seeds in cold water for 3 hours, then soaking the seeds in warm water at 50 ℃ for 0.5 hour, and immediately cooling the seeds in the cold water after soaking; wrapping the soaked seeds with wet cloth, and accelerating germination at 25-30 ℃; in the step S1, turning over for 1 time every 4-6 hours, and washing for 1 time every day; after 3-5 days, sowing can be carried out when 60% of seeds germinate;
s2, after the seeds in the step S1 germinate, preparing a seedbed, namely, selecting garden soil which is not planted with solanaceae vegetables in recent years, uniformly mixing the garden soil with fully decomposed and sieved ring manure according to the proportion of 2:1, and adding 2kg/m of ternary compound fertilizer3；
S3 rootstockSoaking seeds in warm soup, soaking the seeds in a gibberellin solution of 150-200 mg/kg for 48 hours, then accelerating germination at 35 ℃ per day and 15 ℃ per night, and germinating for 8-10 days; carrying out winter grafting on eggplants in a sunlight greenhouse, wherein the scions of grafted seedlings are sowed 15-20 days later than the stocks; in the step S3, bed soil is paved into a seedbed with the thickness of 13cm, 50 percent thiram and 50 percent carbendazim wettable powder are mixed according to the proportion of 1:1, and the mixture is mixed according to the proportion of every 1m2Mixing 10g of the medicine with 5kg of fine sieved soil, and paving one part of the mixture on a bed surface during sowing and covering one part of the mixture with soil; in step S3, the scion is generally planted in the middle of 8 months, and the stock is planted in the last 7 months; watering the seedbed with water on the sole, and covering 1 layer of fine medicinal soil after the water is infiltrated; uniformly spreading the eggplant seeds after germination acceleration on a bed surface, and covering 1-1.2 cm of fine medical soil;
s4, sowing till the seedlings are aligned and kept at 28-32 ℃ in the daytime and 20-22 ℃ at night; keeping the temperature of 25-28 ℃ in the daytime and 6-18 ℃ at night from seedling aligning to seedling separating; thinning 1-2 times before seedling division, wherein the distance between seedlings is 2-3 cm, and the distance between scions for grafting is 3-4 cm; in the step S4, the pork skin can be put into a container, and some clear water is added for fermentation and decomposition, so that the pork skin can be used in a sealed condition for about 20 days, and some clear water is added before watering; in the step S4, diseased seedlings, weak seedlings, young seedlings and mixed seedlings are removed, and soil is covered after thinning; 3, dividing the seedlings into 1-leaf and 1-core seedlings, ditching in a seedling dividing bed according to the row spacing of 10cm, and planting the seedlings in water; directly dividing the stock into seedlings in a nutrition pot of 10cm multiplied by 10 cm;
s5, when 4-5 stock seedlings and 3-4 scion seedlings have true leaves, starting grafting when the stem thickness reaches 0.3 cm; cutting off more than 2 true leaves of the stock stem by a knife by adopting a cleft grafting method, vertically cutting the stock stem from the middle at the upper end, and cutting the stock stem with the depth of 1.0 cm; then, the scion seedling is pulled up, two sides of the scion seedling are obliquely cut downwards at an angle of 30 degrees at a color changing strip which is about 2cm away from the overground part of the scion to form a wedge shape with the length of 1cm, and then the cut bottom end of the scion is inserted into a stock stem cut and fixed by a grafting clip;
s6, immediately covering a small arched shed after grafting, preserving heat and moisture, and adding a shading facility; keeping the temperature of 26-30 ℃ in the daytime and 18-21 ℃ at night in the first 3 days; gradually exposing light and reducing the temperature after 3 days, wherein the temperature is 25-27 ℃ in the daytime and 17-20 ℃ at night; in the step S6, the film of the small shed can be lifted up after 6 days, the shading device can be removed after 7 days, and the small shed can be removed after 10 days; planting eggplant seedlings when the eggplant seedlings show large buds; the standard plant height of strong seedlings is 20-22 cm, the stem thickness is 0.6-0.8 cm, 7-9 leaves are provided, the leaf color is dark green, the root system is developed, and no plant diseases or insect pests exist;
s7, selecting the previous crop as a non-solanaceae vegetable sunlight greenhouse; the overwintering eggplant has long growth period, and in order to ensure high yield, sufficient organic fertilizer needs to be applied as base fertilizer, and the base fertilizer is prepared every 667m by combining soil preparation25000kg of high-quality organic fertilizer, 8000kg of decomposed cake fertilizer, 120g of diammonium phosphate and 120g of potassium sulfate are applied; in the step S7, ridging according to the large row spacing of 70cm and the small row spacing of 60cm, wherein the ridge height is 20 cm; the large rows are reserved as operation rows, the narrow rows are reserved as watering ditches, meanwhile, the barks of the willows are taken out, then are exposed under the sun, and then are cut into small blocks which are paved at the bottom of the seedbed, so that the heat preservation effect can be well achieved;
s8, beginning to fix the seedlings in the middle ten days to the end ten days of 10 months, wherein the planting density is 2200 to 2500 seedlings/667 m2Digging holes on the ridges according to the plant spacing of 40-50 cm for planting seedlings, wherein the surface of the soil lumps after planting is lower than the ridge top; covering mulching films on the small rows of 2 ridges after field planting, opening holes on the films to lead seedlings out of the films, and then watering seedling-reviving water between the small rows under the films;
s9, after the seedling water is poured, before fruit setting, the soil is kept dry and wet; the relative humidity of air is kept below 75%; top dressing is started when the Menga eggplant expands, and each 667m2Applying 25kg of ternary compound fertilizer in combination with watering, and performing water flush after dissolution; each 667m of harvested eggplant2Then, 15kg of diammonium phosphate and 10kg of potassium sulfate are applied; in the step S9, the mixed solution of 1% urea, 0.5% monopotassium phosphate and 0.1% fruit swelling agent can be used for foliage dressing for 2-3 times in the full bearing period; increasing CO in production of overwintering eggplant2The application of the air fertilizer has obvious yield increasing effect;
s10, keeping the temperature of 25-30 ℃ in daytime and 15-20 ℃ at night in the seedling revival stage; keeping the temperature at 22-25 ℃ in the daytime and 12-16 ℃ at night in the early growth stage; in the fruiting period, the temperature is kept at 25-28 ℃ in the daytime and 14-18 ℃ at night; the ground temperature is suitably 18-22 ℃;
s11, deeply ploughing soil in a closed environment of a greenhouse, and thoroughly removing and controlling residual germs in greenhouse soil by adopting technical measures such as sulfur fumigation, high-temperature braising and the like before planting the overwintering eggplant so as to strive for soil and indoor sterility; the fertilizer is treated in a harmless way, and the fertilizer with the pests is prevented from entering a greenhouse; the applied organic fertilizer is applied after being covered with a plastic film at high temperature and fully decomposed in summer;
s12, after the eggplant is fixedly planted, various measures are adopted to increase light and supplement light in the weakest season; in the step S12, the light can be increased and the temperature can be raised by hanging a reflective screen on the rear wall of the greenhouse, cleaning a film, and the like; in addition, timely pruning and branching are carried out, the diseased leaves and old leaves are removed, and light transmission between lines is enhanced;
s13, adopting a double-trunk pruning mode for overwintering eggplants in a sunlight greenhouse; after the Menga is subjected to fruit setting, old leaves on the ground are picked off, the 1 st lateral branch is reserved to form double trunks, the trunk is reserved for every 2 trunks, and the auxiliary lateral branch is reserved at the upper part of the fruit with 3 leaf pinching;
s14, digging a plurality of small holes on the surface of the eggplant growing soil, and putting pottery stones into the holes, or properly adding a plurality of small holes during blending to achieve the dredging effect and the drainage effect; through reasonable fertilization mode, provide sufficient nutrient for the eggplant grows in winter, the cooperation willow bark has very strong adaptability and viability simultaneously, can prevent wind, absorb water, and prevent cold effects such as playing heat preservation, not only can make the root grow, certain effect of disinfecting in addition, put some willow barks in soil, can effectually avoid breeding these problems of bacterium, also can play heat retaining effect to root bottom in winter simultaneously, cooperation pottery stone, can in time discharge the moisture of eggplant bottom, thereby the cold resistance of eggplant has been improved, the output in eggplant winter has been guaranteed, and then the income of planting the family has been guaranteed.
It is noted that, herein, relational terms such as first and second, and the like may be used solely to distinguish one entity or action from another entity or action without necessarily requiring or implying any actual such relationship or order between such entities or actions. Also, the terms "comprises," "comprising," or any other variation thereof, are intended to cover a non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of elements does not include only those elements but may include other elements not expressly listed or inherent to such process, method, article, or apparatus. Without further limitation, an element defined by the phrase "comprising an … …" does not exclude the presence of other identical elements in a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises the element.
The above examples are only intended to illustrate the technical solution of the present invention, but not to limit it; although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it will be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art that: the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments may still be modified, or some technical features may be equivalently replaced; and such modifications or substitutions do not depart from the spirit and scope of the corresponding technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. An eggplant planting method with good cold resistance is characterized in that: the eggplant planting method with good cold resistance comprises the following steps:
s1, selecting commercial coating seeds for eggplants, and planting 40g/667m2(ii) a Soaking seeds in cold water for 3 hours, then soaking the seeds in warm water at 50 ℃ for 0.5 hour, and immediately cooling the seeds in the cold water after soaking; wrapping the soaked seeds with wet cloth, and accelerating germination at 25-30 ℃;
s2, after the seeds in the step S1 germinate, preparing a seedbed, namely, selecting garden soil which is not planted with solanaceae vegetables in recent years, uniformly mixing the garden soil with fully decomposed and sieved ring manure according to the proportion of 2:1, and adding 2kg/m of ternary compound fertilizer3；
S3, soaking the stock seeds in warm soup, soaking the stock seeds in a gibberellin solution of 150-200 mg/kg for 48 hours, then accelerating germination under the conditions of a daily temperature of 35 ℃ and a night temperature of 15 ℃, and germinating for 8-10 days; carrying out winter grafting on eggplants in a sunlight greenhouse, wherein the scions of grafted seedlings are sowed 15-20 days later than the stocks;
s4, sowing till the seedlings are aligned and kept at 28-32 ℃ in the daytime and 20-22 ℃ at night; keeping the temperature of 25-28 ℃ in the daytime and 6-18 ℃ at night from seedling aligning to seedling separating; thinning 1-2 times before seedling division, wherein the distance between seedlings is 2-3 cm, and the distance between scions for grafting is 3-4 cm;
s5, when 4-5 stock seedlings and 3-4 scion seedlings have true leaves, starting grafting when the stem thickness reaches 0.3 cm; cutting off more than 2 true leaves of the stock stem by a knife by adopting a cleft grafting method, vertically cutting the stock stem from the middle at the upper end, and cutting the stock stem with the depth of 1.0 cm; then, the scion seedling is pulled up, two sides of the scion seedling are obliquely cut downwards at an angle of 30 degrees at a color changing strip which is about 2cm away from the overground part of the scion to form a wedge shape with the length of 1cm, and then the cut bottom end of the scion is inserted into a stock stem cut and fixed by a grafting clip;
s6, immediately covering a small arched shed after grafting, preserving heat and moisture, and adding a shading facility; keeping the temperature of 26-30 ℃ in the daytime and 18-21 ℃ at night in the first 3 days; gradually exposing light and reducing the temperature after 3 days, wherein the temperature is 25-27 ℃ in the daytime and 17-20 ℃ at night;
s7, selecting the previous crop as a non-solanaceae vegetable sunlight greenhouse; the overwintering eggplant has long growth period, and in order to ensure high yield, sufficient organic fertilizer needs to be applied as base fertilizer, and the base fertilizer is prepared every 667m by combining soil preparation25000kg of high-quality organic fertilizer, 8000kg of decomposed cake fertilizer, 120g of diammonium phosphate and 120g of potassium sulfate are applied;
s8, beginning to fix the seedlings in the middle ten days to the end ten days of 10 months, wherein the planting density is 2200 to 2500 seedlings/667 m2Digging holes on the ridges according to the plant spacing of 40-50 cm for planting seedlings, wherein the surface of the soil lumps after planting is lower than the ridge top; covering mulching films on the small rows of 2 ridges after field planting, opening holes on the films to lead seedlings out of the films, and then watering seedling-reviving water between the small rows under the films;
s9, after the seedling water is poured, before fruit setting, the soil is kept dry and wet; the relative humidity of air is kept below 75%; top dressing is started when the Menga eggplant expands, and each 667m2Applying 25kg of ternary compound fertilizer in combination with watering, and performing water flush after dissolution; each 667m of harvested eggplant2Then, 15kg of diammonium phosphate and 10kg of potassium sulfate are applied;
s10, keeping the temperature of 25-30 ℃ in daytime and 15-20 ℃ at night in the seedling revival stage; keeping the temperature at 22-25 ℃ in the daytime and 12-16 ℃ at night in the early growth stage; in the fruiting period, the temperature is kept at 25-28 ℃ in the daytime and 14-18 ℃ at night; the ground temperature is suitably 18-22 ℃;
s11, deeply ploughing soil in a closed environment of a greenhouse, and thoroughly removing and controlling residual germs in greenhouse soil by adopting technical measures such as sulfur fumigation, high-temperature braising and the like before planting the overwintering eggplant so as to strive for soil and indoor sterility; the fertilizer is treated in a harmless way, and the fertilizer with the pests is prevented from entering a greenhouse; the applied organic fertilizer is applied after being covered with a plastic film at high temperature and fully decomposed in summer;
s12, after the eggplant is fixedly planted, sunlight is increased and light is supplemented in the weakest season;
s13, adopting a double-trunk pruning mode for overwintering eggplants in a sunlight greenhouse; after the Menga is subjected to fruit setting, old leaves on the ground are picked off, the 1 st lateral branch is reserved to form double trunks, the trunk is reserved for every 2 trunks, and the auxiliary lateral branch is reserved at the upper part of the fruit with 3 leaf pinching;
and S14, digging a plurality of small holes on the surface of the eggplant growing soil, and putting pottery stones into the holes, or adding a plurality of pottery stones during blending to complete the preparation of the whole eggplant.
2. An eggplant planting method with good cold resistance as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: in the step S1, turning over for 1 time every 4-6 hours, and washing for 1 time every day; after 3-5 days, sowing can be carried out when 60% of seeds germinate.
3. An eggplant planting method with good cold resistance as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: in the step S3, bed soil is paved into a seedbed with the thickness of 13cm, 50 percent thiram and 50 percent carbendazim wettable powder are mixed according to the proportion of 1:1, and the mixture is mixed according to the proportion of every 1m2The medicine 10g is mixed with 5kg of fine soil sieved, one part is paved on a bed surface during sowing, and the other part is used for covering soil on seeds.
4. An eggplant planting method with good cold resistance as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: in the step S4, the skin of meat may be placed in a container, and some clear water is added to ferment and thoroughly decompose, and we can use the skin of meat in a sealed condition for about 20 days, and some clear water is added before watering.
5. An eggplant planting method with good cold resistance as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: in step S3, the scion is generally planted in the middle of 8 months, and the stock is planted in the last 7 months; watering the seedbed with water on the sole, and covering 1 layer of fine medicinal soil after the water is infiltrated; and uniformly spreading the eggplant seeds after germination acceleration on a bed surface, and covering 1-1.2 cm of fine medical soil.
6. An eggplant planting method with good cold resistance as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: in the step S4, diseased seedlings, weak seedlings, young seedlings and mixed seedlings are removed, and soil is covered after thinning; ditching in a seedling separating bed according to the row spacing of 10cm, and planting seedlings in water; the stock is directly transplanted into a nutrition pot of 10cm multiplied by 10 cm.
7. An eggplant planting method with good cold resistance as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: in the step S6, the film of the small shed can be lifted after 6 days, the shading device can be removed after 7 days, and the small shed can be removed after 10 days; planting eggplant seedlings when the eggplant seedlings show large buds; the standard strong seedling plant height is 20-22 cm, the stem thickness is 0.6-0.8 cm, and 7-9 leaves are used.
8. An eggplant planting method with good cold resistance as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: in the step S7, ridging according to the large row spacing of 70cm and the small row spacing of 60cm, wherein the ridge height is 20 cm; the large rows are reserved as operation rows, the narrow rows are reserved as watering ditches, meanwhile, the bark of the willow is taken out, then the willow is exposed under the sun, and the bark is cut into small blocks and laid at the bottom of the seedbed.
9. An eggplant planting method with good cold resistance as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: in the step S9, the mixed solution of 1% urea, 0.5% monopotassium phosphate and 0.1% fruit swelling agent can be used for foliage dressing for 2-3 times in the full bearing period; increasing CO in production of overwintering eggplant2And (5) applying an air fertilizer.
10. An eggplant planting method with good cold resistance as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: in the step S12, the light can be increased and the temperature can be raised by hanging a reflective screen on the rear wall of the greenhouse, cleaning a film, and the like; meanwhile, pruning and forking are carried out in time to remove the diseased and old leaves.
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Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN103798021A (en) * | 2014-01-21 | 2014-05-21 | 和县常久农业发展有限公司 | Plantation method for eggplants |
| CN105993629A (en) * | 2016-06-30 | 2016-10-12 | 固镇县华丰农业有限公司 | Grafting method for increasing eggplant yield |
| CN107173024A (en) * | 2017-06-28 | 2017-09-19 | 温州科技职业学院 | A kind of cultivation implantation methods of kipeming high yield eggplant |
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Patent Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN103798021A (en) * | 2014-01-21 | 2014-05-21 | 和县常久农业发展有限公司 | Plantation method for eggplants |
| CN105993629A (en) * | 2016-06-30 | 2016-10-12 | 固镇县华丰农业有限公司 | Grafting method for increasing eggplant yield |
| CN107173024A (en) * | 2017-06-28 | 2017-09-19 | 温州科技职业学院 | A kind of cultivation implantation methods of kipeming high yield eggplant |
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Application publication date: 20210709 |