CN109566348B

CN109566348B - Automatic seed covering and seedling raising matrix disc for rice as well as preparation method and application of automatic seed covering and seedling raising matrix disc

Info

Publication number: CN109566348B
Application number: CN201811625489.6A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 杨振东; 高树林; 邵明军; 姜鹏; 李艳亮; 张俊升
Original assignee: Harbin Dongyu Agriculture Engineering Machinery Co ltd
Current assignee: Harbin Dongyu Agriculture Engineering Machinery Co ltd
Priority date: 2018-12-28
Filing date: 2018-12-28
Publication date: 2021-10-12
Anticipated expiration: 2038-12-28
Also published as: CN109566348A

Abstract

The invention provides an automatic rice covering seed seedling raising matrix disc, a preparation method and application, and belongs to the technical field of rice seedling raising. The automatic rice covering and seed raising matrix disc is produced by molding puffed rice hulls, corn stalks, vermiculite, decomposed excrement and grass carbon soil as components in a honeycomb structure and drying at high temperature, forming the mixture into a prototype, taking the holes as independent units, separating the holes by using a water expansion material, adhering and fixing the bottom and the periphery of the integral seedling disc by using degradable paper, and manufacturing the automatic rice covering and seed raising matrix disc for the dry rice transplanter according to the specification of the seedling disc for the rice transplanter. The seedling raising substrate disc for automatically covering the seeds for raising the seedlings is used for raising the seedlings, not only seedling raising soil but also plastic seedling raising discs are replaced, the seedling raising substrate disc can be directly placed for use, the procedure of covering again after seeding is omitted, the working efficiency of rice seedling raising is improved, a substrate body suitable for root growth of seedling raising in cold areas is built, the stress resistance in the seedling growing process is enhanced, and strong seedlings are cultured.

Description

Automatic seed covering and seedling raising matrix disc for rice as well as preparation method and application of automatic seed covering and seedling raising matrix disc

Technical Field

The invention belongs to the technical field of rice seedling raising, and particularly relates to an automatic rice seed covering seedling raising substrate disc, a preparation method and application.

Background

Rice in agricultural production in China is one of main planting crops. The method has the advantages that the planting technology, the unit yield, the economic benefit and the like are obviously improved in various aspects developed to date, and the method plays an important role in ensuring the food safety in China. With the development of the times, the requirements on the yield and the quality of rice production are higher and higher. Particularly, the seedling raising technology in the rice dry-raising and sparse planting link is important, namely the seedlings are good for half-year grains, and the cultivation of high-quality seedlings is important for improving the rice yield and quality.

At present, in order to cultivate good seedlings in the process of mechanical transplanting and dry seedling raising, fertile loam needs to be collected to cultivate rice seedlings, which wastes non-renewable resources and manpower and financial resources. Moreover, rice seedling raising requires soil taking all the year round, high-quality soil resources are sharply reduced, soil taking difficulty is increasingly high, and soil taking of nutrient curing is more difficult. Soil is a non-renewable resource, is gradually formed on the earth surface through biological circulation in nature after millions of years, and is the basis of plant growth. As the soil for raising rice seedlings is used, farmers are disorderly to dig and abundantly collect high-quality soil, and the natural ecological environment is artificially damaged. Farmers repeat the complicated operation processes of soil taking, crushing, soil screening, storage, soil mixing, fertilizer mixing, manual plate arrangement and the like every year, and a large amount of manpower and material resources are wasted. Particularly, in the northeast rice planting area of China, the growth period is short, the activity temperature is less, the growth early stage is slow and long, the high-temperature time in the middle stage is short, the cooling in the later stage is fast, the low-temperature cold damage is more, the seedling quality of seedling raising in cold areas cannot be guaranteed, and the influence on the yield and the quality is great. In addition, when the soil is used for raising seedlings, the seedlings are easy to be infected by diseases at low temperature, and the rate of the grown seedlings in the greenhouse is greatly reduced. Therefore, how to cultivate the seedling with high comprehensive quality, the seedling turns green quickly after transplanting, and the strong seedling which can timely tillere is particularly important. Therefore, farmers pay great efforts to cultivate strong seedlings every year.

With the development of the times, people also adopt different materials to make a plurality of artificial seedling raising substrates to raise seedlings, but in practice, the method has a plurality of defects, such as low seedling raising rate, easy generation of aerial roots and water roots of the seedlings, slow seedling slowing when the raised seedlings are inserted into a field, delayed green turning period, and influence on yield, quality and mature period; although the substrate replacing seedling raising soil exists in the market, the product cannot ensure the integrity of the root system during mechanical seedling transplanting and replace the original plastic seedling raising tray, and has the disadvantages of complex operation, high cost and the like. Therefore, the soilless seedling raising substrate product with strong roots and seedlings, high quality and high yield, low carbon, environmental protection, saving and efficiency improvement is developed, the soilless seedling raising substrate product is suitable for the use of the existing equipment and facilities, a seedling raising plastic seedling tray is omitted during seedling raising, and the product which does not need to cover surface soil again after seeding is urgently needed by the market.

Disclosure of Invention

In view of the above, the invention aims to provide an automatic rice seedling raising substrate tray covered with seeds for raising rice seedlings, a preparation method and an application thereof.

The invention provides an automatic rice seed covering and seedling raising matrix disc which comprises the following components in parts by weight: 30-35 parts of puffed rice hulls, 30-35 parts of corn straw fragments, 10-15 parts of grass carbon soil, 10-15 parts of decomposed excrement and 10-20 parts of vermiculite; each seedling raising substrate plate also comprises a plate with the area of 0.32-0.33 multiplied by 0.62-0.63 m²The degraded paper of (1).

Preferably, the composition comprises the following components in parts by weight: 32 parts of puffed rice hulls, 33 parts of corn straw fragments, 12 parts of grass carbon soil, 12 parts of decomposed excrement and 15 parts of vermiculite; each seedling raising substrate plate also comprises a plate with the area of 0.33 multiplied by 0.63m²The degraded paper of (1).

The overall thickness of the seedling raising substrate plate is 18-22 mm, and the specification of the seedling raising substrate plate is 578-582 mm in length and 278-282 mm in width;

the upper surface of the seedling raising substrate plate is provided with recessed pockets distributed in a matrix manner, the depth of each recessed pocket is 8-12 mm, and the specifications of the recessed pockets are 10.8mm in length and 10mm in width;

a cavity wall is arranged between every two recesses, and the thickness of the cavity wall is 3-5 mm; the bottom surface of the concave cavity is 8-10 mm away from the bottom surface of the seedling raising substrate disc; the seedling raising substrate disc is transversely provided with 18 recesses and longitudinally provided with 36 recesses.

Preferably, the overall thickness of the seedling raising substrate plate is 20mm, and the specification of the seedling raising substrate plate is 580mm in length and 280mm in width;

the depth of the recess is 10 mm;

a cavity wall is arranged between every two recesses, and the thickness of the cavity wall is 4 mm; the bottom surface of the concave is 10mm away from the bottom surface of the seedling raising substrate plate.

Preferably, the puffed rice hulls are obtained by puffing rice hulls with the particle size of 6-8 mm for 20s at 300-400 ℃.

Preferably, the fineness of the corn straw fragments is less than 10 mm.

Preferably, the granularity of the turfy soil is 20 meshes; the particle size of the vermiculite is 2-4 mm; the decomposed manure is decomposed cow manure.

The invention provides a preparation method of a seedling raising substrate tray, which comprises the following steps:

1) preparing the puffed rice hulls, the corn straw fragments, the decomposed excrement, the grass carbon soil and the vermiculite into slurry by using water, adjusting the acid to 4.5-5.0, and preparing into plate-making slurry;

2) sucking and molding the tray-making slurry through a mold, and drying and curing at the temperature of 250-270 ℃; obtaining a seedling raising matrix disc prototype;

3) and drilling holes on the degradable paper according to the distribution positions of the recesses in the seedling raising matrix disc, and wrapping and adhering the degraded paper with the drilled holes on the bottom surface and the side wall of the primary shape of the seedling raising matrix disc to obtain the seedling raising matrix disc.

The invention also provides the application of the seedling raising substrate disc or the seedling raising substrate disc prepared by the preparation method in rice seedling raising.

Preferably, the method for raising rice seedlings comprises the following steps:

placing the seedling raising matrix plate on a seedbed paved with a perforated water-retaining mulching film, then sowing the seedlings into the seedling raising matrix plate by using a rice seedling raising seeder, and watering thoroughly to cultivate rice seedlings.

The invention provides an automatic rice seed covering and seedling raising matrix disc which comprises the following components in parts by weight: 30-35 parts of puffed rice hulls, 30-35 parts of corn straw fragments, 10-15 parts of grass carbon soil, 10-15 parts of decomposed excrement and 10-20 parts of vermiculite; each seedling raising substrate plate also comprises a sheetThe area is 0.33 multiplied by 0.63m²The degraded paper of (1). The puffed rice hulls are favorable for water permeation, the crushed corn straw sections are easy to retain water, and the water permeability and the water retention of the seedling raising matrix plate can be adjusted by matching the above proportions, so that sufficient water and oxygen are provided for the growth of the seedling roots. The reasonable matching of the grass carbon soil and the decomposed excrement can inhibit the formation of water roots and air roots and ensure the robust growth of the roots of the seedlings. Meanwhile, the formula is matched with vermiculite, so that the seeds can expand after meeting water, the surface layer can automatically cover the seeds, and the complex operation of manual earthing after sowing is avoided. The automatic seed covering and seedling raising matrix disc provided by the invention replaces seedling raising soil and a plastic seedling disc, seeding can be carried out after the disc is placed, and the process of covering soil after seeding is omitted. The rice seedling with strong stress resistance, high seedling rate and high comprehensive quality is cultivated by adopting the seedling raising substrate tray. Meanwhile, the integrity of the root system of the raised rice seedling is good, because the root system grows in the independent concave hole to form a cave plant, the mechanical damage to the root system of the rice seedling is obviously reduced in the mechanical transplanting process, the green returning of the rice seedling in the field is facilitated, and the rice seedling has quick rooting, more rooting and long rooting after transplanting. The green turning period was 7 days earlier than the control.

Meanwhile, the seedling raising substrate disc provided by the invention also has the following advantages:

(1) has the characteristics of less investment, high benefit and yield increase. Compared with the conventional soil seedling culture investment, the automatic covering seed seedling culture substrate disc seedling culture increases 450 yuan per hectare. Compared with the comprehensive income, the substrate tray seedling is increased by 2,784 yuan compared with the conventional soil seedling. The pure income of the seedling raising substrate tray seedlings is increased by 2,334 yuan, and the input-output ratio is 1: 5.2. the method improves the product quality, and the high-quality and high-efficiency benefits are not calculated.

(2) The use of plastic seedling trays for seedling raising is omitted, and the capital investment of the seedling trays is reduced. Saves labor and labor, and saves a large amount of manpower, financial resources and material resources used for cultivating seedlings in foreign soil. The working efficiency of the greenhouse internal swing plate is high, the speed is high, and the labor amount is small. Can be directly sowed and then placed, and is more suitable for an automatic sowing and placing machine. The labor and farming time can not be struggled for by processing the seedbed soil. The machine of this field is inserted evenly, and the seedling rate of leaking is low. The number of seedlings used per mu is saved by 10 percent compared with the conventional method. The weight of the seedlings after being cultured by automatically covering the seed seedling raising substrate disc is light. Solves the problem of large workload for conventionally transporting seedlings in the field.

(3) The method has remarkable ecological benefit, utilizes wastes such as rice husks and crop straws as main raw materials for manufacturing the automatic seed covering seedling raising matrix plate, realizes recycling of organic substances, and changes waste into valuables. The rice hulls, crop straws and other plant fibers are reasonably matched in nutrient elements and reasonably combined in physical and chemical properties, and the automatic covering of the seed seedling raising matrix disc for raising the rice seedlings is more beneficial to raising rice seedlings with high seedling quality, is an excellent seedling raising matrix and is greatly stronger than soil seedling raising.

(4) Is suitable for being matched with the existing seedling raising greenhouse facilities and the conventional seedling raising technology. Is more suitable for the model of the existing rice transplanter without special facilities, equipment and technical transformation.

The invention also provides the application of the seedling raising substrate disc or the seedling raising substrate disc prepared by the preparation method in rice seedling raising. The advantage that the rice husk has high soluble silicon content and is easy to absorb is utilized. And the seedling raising substrate is matched with corn straws, grass peat, decomposed cow dung and the like to form a substrate of a substrate disk for automatically covering seeds and raising seedlings, the product element relationship of water, fertilizer, gas and heat is adjusted properly, and the quality of the raised seedlings is higher than that of the seedlings raised by soil and other substrates. And moreover, the automatic covering of the seed seedling raising substrate plate has good air permeability, good heat preservation and vigorous root growth. The seedlings cultured by adopting the seedling culture substrate tray have the characteristics of more roots, strong stems and strong seedlings. The stress resistance of the seedlings is enhanced, and the seedlings are resistant to low temperature, waterlogging, diseases and the like. The quality of the rice seedlings is higher than that of the conventional soil seedlings and other artificial substrate seedlings. The seedling raising rate in the greenhouse is higher than that in the conventional mode. The main roots of the seedlings are developed, and the fibrous roots have more hair. The seedlings have more and larger tips at the leaf tips in the growing process and are obviously stronger than the seedlings raised by conventional soil seedlings and other substrate plates. The firmness of the stem grown seedlings was also stronger than other controls using hand feel testing. Experiments prove that: the dry weight of the rice seedlings obtained by the seedling raising substrate disc raising method is increased by 2.1g compared with the soil seedling raising contrast. Meanwhile, the rice transplanting in the field is more uniform, the rate of leaking the rice seedlings by machine transplanting is reduced, and the clusters of the machine transplanted rice seedlings are uniform, so that the formation of high-yield groups is facilitated, and the high yield and high efficiency of rice production are realized. Thereby achieving the purpose of protecting high-quality soil resources and ecological environment. But also makes full use of the wastes such as crop straws and the like, changes the wastes into valuables, and reduces the environmental pollution, thereby obviously enhancing the ecological benefit and the social benefit.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a photograph of a rice seedling raising substrate tray with automatic seed covering;

FIG. 2 is a plan view of a design of an automatic covering seed seedling raising substrate tray;

FIG. 3 is a comparison diagram of an automatic soil-covering and seedling-raising substrate disk and a conventional soil laboratory;

FIG. 4 is a comparison graph of an automatic soil-covering seedling-raising substrate tray and conventional soil greenhouse seedling raising;

FIG. 5 is a comparison graph of field test of automatic soil-covering seedling-raising substrate tray and conventional soil-raising seedling, wherein FIG. 5-A is a diagram of seedlings raised by the automatic soil-covering substrate tray, and FIG. 5-B is a diagram of seedlings raised by the conventional soil.

Detailed Description

The automatic rice covering seed seedling raising matrix disc provided by the invention comprises puffed rice hulls. The expanded rice hull comprises 30-35 parts by weight, preferably 32 parts by weight. The preparation method of the puffed rice hulls is preferably to obtain the puffed rice hulls with the grain sizes of 6-8 mm through puffing for 15-25 seconds at the temperature of 300-400 ℃. The grain diameter of the rice husk is preferably 7 mm. The temperature of the puffing is preferably 320-380 ℃, and more preferably 350 ℃. The time for puffing is preferably 20 seconds. The rice hulls are favorable for water permeation after being puffed.

The automatic rice covering seed seedling raising substrate disc provided by the invention comprises corn straw fragments. The corn straw segments comprise 30-35 parts by weight, preferably 33 parts by weight. The corn straw fragment is obtained by naturally airing and crushing corn straws. The method of pulverization in the present invention is not particularly limited, and pulverization methods known in the art may be used. The fineness of the crushed corn straw fragments is preferably less than 10 mm. The corn stalk fragment is easy to preserve water, and the reasonable proportion of the corn stalk fragment and the puffed rice husk can adjust the water permeability and the water-preserving property of the product.

The automatic rice covering seed seedling raising substrate disc provided by the invention comprises grass carbon soil. The turfy soil comprises, by weight, 10-15 parts, preferably 12 parts. The granularity of the turfy soil is 10-20 meshes, and more preferably 20 meshes. The source of the turfy soil is not particularly limited, and any source of turfy soil known in the art may be used.

The automatic rice covering seed seedling raising matrix disc provided by the invention comprises decomposed excrement. The decomposed excrement comprises 10-15 parts by weight, and preferably 12 parts by weight. The method for decomposing feces according to the present invention is not particularly limited, and any method known in the art may be used. The decomposition is beneficial to improving the utilization rate of biomass in the excrement and is also beneficial to killing harmful germs or parasites in the excrement. The decomposed manure comprises decomposed cow dung.

The automatic rice covering seed seedling raising substrate disc provided by the invention comprises vermiculite. The vermiculite comprises 10-20 parts by weight, and is more preferably 15 parts by weight. The particle size of the vermiculite is 2-4 mm, and is more preferably 3 mm.

In the invention, the reasonable matching of the grass carbon soil and the decomposed cow dung vermiculite can inhibit the formation of water roots and air roots. The formula is matched with vermiculite, so that the expansion after meeting water is realized, and the surface layer automatically covers seeds.

The automatic rice covering seed seedling raising matrix disc provided by the invention comprises degradable paper. The required area of each disc is 0.33 multiplied by 0.63m²Degrading the paper. The degradable paper is used for wrapping the bottom surface and the side wall of the seedling raising matrix plate, so that the seedling raising matrix plate is kept from being cracked, and the integral shape of the seedling raising matrix plate is maintained.

In the invention, the overall thickness of the seedling raising substrate plate is preferably 18-22 mm, and more preferably 20 mm. The specification of the seedling raising substrate plate is preferably 578-582 mm multiplied by 278-282 mm in length, and more preferably 580mm multiplied by 280mm in width. The upper surface of the seedling raising substrate plate is provided with recessed cavities distributed in a matrix manner. The depth of the recess is preferably 8-12 mm, and more preferably 10 mm. The pocket has a length of 10.8mm by 10mm in width (suction molding). And a cavity wall is arranged between every two recesses. The thickness of the cavity wall is 3-5 mm, and the thickness of the cavity wall is preferably 4 mm. The thickness of the bottom surface of the concave cavity from the bottom surface of the seedling raising substrate disc is preferably 8-10 mm, and more preferably 10 mm. The seedling raising substrate disc is transversely provided with 18 recesses and longitudinally provided with 36 recesses. The seedling raising substrate disc is prepared according to the specification of the popular dry-raised mechanically-transplanted rice seedling disc.

3) and punching holes on the degradable paper according to the distribution positions of the recesses in the seedling raising matrix disc, and wrapping and adhering the degradable paper punched with the holes on the bottom surface and the side wall of the primary shape of the seedling raising matrix disc to obtain the seedling raising matrix disc.

The method comprises the steps of preparing slurry from puffed rice hulls, corn straw fragments, decomposed excrement, grass carbon soil and vermiculite by using water, adjusting acid to 4.5-5.0, and preparing the tray-making slurry.

In the invention, the blending proportion of the dry materials of the puffed rice hulls, the crushed segments of the corn straws, the decomposed excrement, the grass carbon soil and the vermiculite to the water is that 40 kg of water is added into each kg of the dry materials for blending. The acid adjustment is preferably to 4.8. The purpose of acid regulation is to improve the disease resistance of seedlings and to make the best use of the characteristic that rice is acid-resistant but pathogenic bacteria are not acid-resistant.

After obtaining the tray making slurry, sucking and molding the tray making slurry through a mold, and drying and curing at the temperature of 250-270 ℃; obtaining the seedling raising substrate disc prototype.

In the present invention, the temperature of the drying and curing is preferably 260 ℃. The temperature of drying and curing is favorable for quickly and stably forming the seedling raising matrix disc embryonic form, the seedling raising matrix disc embryonic form is not easy to crack, and in addition, high-temperature sterilization, deinsectization and weed killing are realized.

After the seedling raising substrate disc prototype is obtained, the invention wraps and adheres the degraded paper with the holes drilled according to the distribution positions of the recesses in the seedling raising substrate disc on the bottom surface and the side wall of the seedling raising substrate disc prototype to obtain the seedling raising substrate disc.

In the invention, the holes are preferably matched with the concave holes in the seedling raising substrate disc when the degradable paper is wrapped. Is beneficial to the subsequent rice seed germination to absorb moisture and gas.

In the present invention, the method for raising rice seedlings preferably comprises the steps of:

The method for sowing is not particularly limited, and the sowing can be realized by adopting a popular rice seedling raising and sowing machine well known in the field. The seeding rate is not particularly limited in the present invention, and may be a seeding rate known in the art.

The rice seeds germinate to obtain seedlings, and the nutrition required by the seedlings is supplied by a method of applying matched fertilizer after seedling emergence. Promoting rooting under the condition of hungry condition at the early stage of bud; and (3) spraying matched special fertilizer twice in the seedling stage and the 1.5-leaf stage of the seedlings to regulate the growth vigor of the rice seedlings and cultivate strong seedlings. The matched special fertilizer is a water-soluble rice seedling strengthening agent and is available on the market.

The following will explain the substrate tray for automatic rice covering and seedling raising, the preparation method and the application of the substrate tray for automatic rice covering and seedling raising provided by the invention in detail with reference to the examples, but the invention should not be construed as limiting the scope of the invention.

Example 1

The preparation method of the components comprises the following steps:

1. preparing puffed rice hulls: and (3) screening the rice hulls by a 6-8 mm sieve, cleaning, removing impurities, puffing by using a puffing machine at the puffing temperature of 350 ℃, and collecting puffed materials to obtain the puffed rice hulls.

2. Preparing the corn straw fragments: drying corn stalks, crushing, sieving and collecting corn stalk fragments with the fineness of less than 10 mm.

3. Preparing decomposed cow dung: adjusting the water content of the cow dung to 45%, stacking the cow dung into a trapezoidal body, turning the cow dung when the central temperature of the cow dung is higher than 55 ℃, and turning the cow dung once every 3 days for 4 times. Fermenting the turned cow dung for 20d under a closed condition to obtain the decomposed cow dung.

4. Preparing fine grass carbon soil: and crushing the purchased turfy soil, sieving, and collecting undersize products to obtain the fine turfy soil.

5. Selecting vermiculite: medium particle vermiculite was purchased.

Example 2

1. Weighing the following components in parts by weight: 35kg of puffed rice hulls, 35kg of crushed corn straws, 15kg of fine grass carbon soil, 15kg of decomposed cattle manure and 20kg of vermiculite.

2. Method for preparing automatic covering substrate disc

Uniformly mixing the puffed rice hull particles, the crushed corn straws, the decomposed cattle manure, the vermiculite and the grass carbon material according to the proportion. Mixing 1 kg of dry material with 40 kg of water, and spraying a proper amount of diluted acid liquor while mixing to adjust the pH value to 5.0. And pumping the prepared mixed slurry into a slurry pool of a plate making machine, carrying out adsorption molding by using a mold, and drying by using high-temperature hot air at 260 ℃ to obtain a prototype. The prototype is a nested substrate disc which is prepared into the specifications of 280 multiplied by 580mm wide and 20mm thick (wherein the thickness of the bottom of a concave pit is 10mm, the depth of the concave pit is 10mm, and the thickness of the wall of the concave pit is 4mm) according to the specification of 280 multiplied by 580mm of a rice seedling disc inserted by a popular dry-breeding machine, 18 concave pits are transversely arranged, 36 concave pits are longitudinally arranged, and the specification of the concave pits is 10.8 multiplied by 10 mm. The thickness of the cavity wall is 4mm, and then the prepared dry primary tray is bonded to the bottom surface and the side wall of the prepared primary tray by using the degraded paper with the punched cavities, so that a finished seedling raising substrate tray product with the thickness of 280 x 580 x 20mm is obtained.

Example 3

1. Weighing the following components in parts by weight: 30kg of puffed rice hulls, 30kg of crushed corn straws, 10kg of fine grass carbon soil, 10kg of decomposed cattle manure and 10kg of vermiculite.

2. Method for preparing automatic covering substrate disc

Uniformly mixing the puffed rice hull particles, the crushed corn straws, the decomposed cattle manure, the vermiculite and the grass carbon material according to the proportion. Each 1 kg of dry material is mixed with 40 kg of water, and a proper amount of diluted acid liquor is sprayed while mixing to adjust the pH value to 4.5. And pumping the prepared mixed slurry into a slurry pool of a plate making machine, carrying out adsorption molding by using a mold, and drying by using high-temperature hot air at 260 ℃ to obtain a prototype. The prototype is a nested substrate disc which is prepared into a specification of 280 multiplied by 580mm wide and 20mm thick (wherein the thickness of the bottom of a concave pit is 10mm, the depth of the concave pit is 10mm, and the thickness of the wall of the concave pit is 4mm), 18 concave pits are transversely arranged, 36 concave pits are longitudinally arranged, and the specification of the concave pits is 10.8 multiplied by 10mm according to the specification of a rice seedling disc which is transplanted by a popular dry breeding machine. The thickness of the cavity wall is 4mm, and then the prepared dry primary tray is bonded to the bottom surface and the side wall of the prepared primary tray by using the degraded paper with the punched cavities, so that a finished seedling raising substrate tray product with the thickness of 280 x 580 x 20mm is obtained.

Example 4

1. Weighing the following components in parts by weight: 32kg of puffed rice hulls, 33kg of crushed corn straws, 12kg of fine grass carbon soil, 13kg of decomposed cow dung and 15kg of vermiculite.

2. Method for preparing automatic covering substrate disc

Uniformly mixing the puffed rice hull particles, the crushed corn straws, the decomposed cattle manure, the vermiculite and the grass carbon material according to the proportion. Each 1 kg of dry material is mixed with 40 kg of water, and a proper amount of diluted acid liquor is sprayed while mixing to adjust the pH value to 4.8. And pumping the prepared mixed slurry into a slurry pool of a plate making machine, carrying out adsorption molding by using a mold, and drying by using high-temperature hot air at 260 ℃ to obtain a prototype. The prototype is a nested substrate disc which is prepared into a specification of 280 multiplied by 580mm wide and 20mm thick (wherein the thickness of the bottom of a concave pit is 10mm, the depth of the concave pit is 10mm, and the thickness of the wall of the concave pit is 4mm), 18 concave pits are transversely arranged, 36 concave pits are longitudinally arranged, and the specification of the concave pits is 10.8 multiplied by 10mm according to the specification of a rice seedling disc which is transplanted by a popular dry breeding machine. The thickness of the cavity wall is 4mm, and then the prepared dry primary tray is bonded to the bottom surface and the side wall of the prepared primary tray by using the degraded paper with the punched cavities, so that a finished seedling raising substrate tray product with the thickness of 280 x 580 x 20mm is obtained. (see FIG. 1).

Example 5

1. Preparation of seedbed: removing impurities from the seedling raising greenhouse and the seedbed, spraying a bactericide for disinfection and sterilization, and laying a perforated water-retaining mulching film on the seedbed.

2. Placing the substrate disc product prepared in the embodiment 2 on a seedbed paved with a perforated water-retaining mulching film, adopting a rice seedling raising seeder for seeding, wherein the seeding amount of each hole is 3-5 rice seeds, then watering, expanding the substrate disc after meeting water, automatically covering the seeds on the surface layer, entering the later normal water and fertilizer management, spraying matched special fertilizer twice in the seedling stage and the 1.5 leaf stage of the rice seedlings, regulating the growth vigor of the rice seedlings and cultivating strong seedlings.

Comparative example 1

Adopts the traditional plastic breeding and disk culture to raise seedlings

(1) Preparing a seedbed: the seedling bed is positioned in the seedling raising greenhouse, and the seedling raising greenhouse and the seedling bed are cleaned; uniformly spraying a bactericide on the seedling raising greenhouse and the seedbed for sterilization, so as to ensure that no plant diseases and insect pests exist in the seedling raising greenhouse;

(2) preparing seedling raising: placing a plastic seedling raising tray on a seedbed, mixing and sieving decomposed soil and fine soil, and paving the mixture in the plastic seedling raising tray, wherein the depth of the filled soil is 3-5 mm;

(3) sowing rice seeds: sowing rice seeds in each hole of the seedling raising tray, and spraying a small amount of water to enable the thickness of a water layer to reach 1/3-1/2 of the thickness of the rice seeds;

(4) covering rice seeds: after watering, uniformly spreading covering fine soil in each hole, and enabling the covering fine soil to be flush with the flash of the plastic seedling raising tray;

(5) seedling management: irrigating the rice seedlings with tap water spray after the rice seeds are sowed until the 2-leaf 1-core period, and irrigating the rice seedlings with nutrient solution by means of water pump circulation from the 2-leaf 1-core period; after sowing, the seedlings are rooted and stand, and the film is uncovered to harden the seedlings in time; before transplanting seedlings, topdressing the seedlings according to the growth conditions of the seedlings;

(6) lifting and transporting seedlings: when the seedlings have 1 leaf core period and the plant height of 12-15cm, the seedlings are rolled to form seedling rolls, and then the seedlings are transported and transplanted.

Seedlings grown in example 5 and comparative example 1 were placed in a test field in the same greenhouse, and the dew phenomenon in the test field was observed, and the results are shown in FIG. 3. As can be seen from FIG. 3, the seedlings raised by the automatic soil-covering seedling raising matrix tray have more and larger tips of the seedlings in the growth process, and have obvious strength compared with the conventional soil-raising seedlings and other matrix-plate seedlings.

Example 6

Firstly, the seedlings bred in the example 5 and the comparative example 1 are respectively transplanted in field plots of a greenhouse, and rice is planted by adopting the same method. FIG. 4 is a comparison graph of automatic soil-covering and seedling-raising substrate disks and conventional soil greenhouse seedling raising after 25 days of rice seedling cultivation. As can be seen from FIG. 4, the seedlings cultivated by the automatic soil-covering seedling-raising substrate plate have good growth vigor in the field, fast green turning, early rooting and tillering, early maturing of rice, high quality and high yield. The seedlings cultivated in the conventional soil greenhouse in the comparative example 1 are weak in growth vigor and slow in green turning, so that the rice is slow in maturing and low in yield.

And (II) respectively and randomly pulling out 100 seedlings from the planted automatic soil-covering seedling-raising substrate tray seedling and the conventional soil greenhouse seedling, and finding that the seedlings obtained by the automatic soil-covering seedling-raising substrate tray seedling are developed in main roots and have more fibrous roots and hair. The firmness of the stem grown seedlings was also stronger than other controls using hand feel testing. The dry weight of the hundred plants is measured and increased by 2.1g compared with the conventional soil seedling culture.

And (III) automatically covering seed seedling raising substrate disc seedling raising and conventional soil seedling raising benefit analysis:

1) the direct input is that 450 seed seedling raising matrix plates are automatically covered per hectare, and each seed seedling raising matrix plate is 3.00 yuan (including matched special fertilizer), and the total is 1,350 yuan per hectare. The conventional soil seedling (Heilongjiang 856 farm) has the requirements of 3 cubic meters of seedling soil for hectares, 300 yuan of soil for hectares and 300 yuan of transportation cost per hectare; sieving soil with 50 yuan/hectare; 20 yuan/ha of seedbed herbicide; the manual balance is 120 yuan/hectare; 120 yuan per hectare of seedling strengthening agent; 90 yuan of disease prevention medicine; 500 pieces of seedling tray is multiplied by 0.4 yuan which is 200 yuan; the above expenses amount to 900 yuan/ha. Therefore, the automatic covering seed raising substrate tray seedling raising (1,350 yuan) has more investment of 450 yuan than the conventional soil (900 yuan).

2) And (4) income comparison: the automatic covering seed seedling raising substrate tray seedling raising has more income than 2,784 yuan compared with the conventional soil.

a. The seedling transplanting rate of the automatic seed covering seedling raising matrix disc seedling raising machine is low, the seedling shortage and the seedling breaking are avoided, the manual seedling supplementing process is saved, and the investment is reduced by 600 yuan/hectare compared with the conventional process (the average seedling supplementing is carried out by 3 workers per hectare, and the working time is 200 yuan per hectare).

b. The number of seedlings for transplanting is saved by 10 percent compared with the control. Compared with a control (conventional soil seedling culture), the method has the advantages that 50 disks/hectare are less, the price per disk is calculated to be 4 yuan, and 200 yuan can be saved.

c. The yield is actually measured, the yield is increased by 640 kg/hectare by using the automatic covering seed seedling raising substrate tray for seedling raising compared with the conventional seedling raising, and the yield increase amplitude is 8 percent. 3.10 yuan per kg, increase income 1984 yuan.

And (3) comprehensively analyzing direct benefits and indirect benefits: compared with the conventional soil seedling culture investment, the automatic covering seed seedling culture substrate disc seedling culture increases 450 yuan per hectare. Compared with the conventional soil seedling culture, the comprehensive income of the tray seedling culture is increased by 2,784 yuan. The pure income of the seedling raising substrate tray seedlings is increased by 2,334 yuan, and the input-output ratio is 1: 5.2. the method improves the product quality, and the high-quality and high-efficiency benefits are not calculated.

According to the method, the rice is automatically covered on the seed seedling raising matrix plate for seedling, namely, the seedling raising soil is replaced, the plastic seedling raising plate is also replaced, the method can be directly placed for use, and the process of covering the soil again after seeding is omitted. The specification of the seedling raising device is suitable for seedling raising facilities such as the existing popular type rice transplanter, a seedling raising shed and the like, and new facilities do not need to be added or modified. The seedling raising substrate which is automatically covered with the seeds is used for raising the seedlings in a disc mode, so that the soil, the materials, the labor, the time and the cost are saved, and the automatic sowing and arranging machine is suitable for sowing. The growth environment of the root system is improved in a breakthrough way compared with the conventional seedling culture method, the physicochemical properties and the biological activity of the matrix are more suitable for the development of the root system through reasonable matching and treatment of materials in quality, a matrix body suitable for the growth of the root system of the seedling culture in a cold area is built, and the stress resistance of the seedling in the growth process is enhanced. Thereby cultivating strong seedlings. The seedlings have quick green returning after being transplanted in the field, early rooting and tillering, early maturing, high quality and high yield. Meanwhile, the seedling leakage rate in the field of the machine-transplanted rice seedlings is reduced, the clusters of the machine-transplanted rice seedlings are uniform, a high-light-efficiency group structure is built, and high yield, high efficiency and high quality of the machine-transplanted rice are realized. Effectively utilizes crop wastes such as rice hulls, crop straws and the like, realizes the recycling of organic substances and changes waste into valuable. Realizing the sustainable development of ecological agriculture. The problem of environmental pollution caused by an unreasonable and unscientific straw treatment mode is solved. The ecological benefit and the social benefit are obviously enhanced.

The foregoing is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and it should be noted that, for those skilled in the art, various modifications and decorations can be made without departing from the principle of the present invention, and these modifications and decorations should also be regarded as the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A substrate disc for automatically covering seeds and raising seedlings of rice is characterized by comprising the following components in parts by weight: 30-35 parts of puffed rice hulls, 30-35 parts of corn straw fragments, 10-15 parts of grass carbon soil, 10-15 parts of decomposed excrement and 10-20 parts of vermiculite;

each seedling raising substrate plate also comprises a plate with the area of 0.32-0.33 multiplied by 0.62-0.63 m²The degraded paper of (4); the degradable paper is wrapped and adhered to the bottom surface and the side wall of the seedling raising substrate disc;

a cavity wall is arranged between every two recesses, and the thickness of the cavity wall is 3-5 mm; the bottom surface of the concave cavity is 8-10 mm away from the bottom surface of the seedling raising substrate disc.

2. A seedling raising substrate tray according to claim 1, which is composed of the following components in parts by weight: 32 parts of puffed rice hulls, 33 parts of corn straw fragments, 12 parts of grass carbon soil, 12 parts of decomposed excrement and 15 parts of vermiculite; each seedling raising substrate plate also comprises a piece of degraded paper with the area of 0.33 multiplied by 0.63m < 2 >.

3. The seedling raising substrate tray according to claim 1, wherein the overall thickness of the seedling raising substrate tray is 18-22 mm, and the specification of the seedling raising substrate tray is 578-582 mm in length and 278-282 mm in width;

the seedling raising substrate disc is transversely provided with 18 recesses and longitudinally provided with 36 recesses.

4. A seedling raising substrate tray according to claim 3, characterized in that the overall thickness of the seedling raising substrate tray is 20mm, and the specification of the seedling raising substrate tray is 580mm in length by 280mm in width;

the depth of the recess is 10 mm;

5. A seedling raising substrate tray according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the puffed rice hulls are obtained by puffing rice hulls with a particle size of 6-8 mm at 300-400 ℃ for 15-25 s.

6. A seedling raising substrate tray according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the fineness of the crushed segments of corn stalks is less than 10 mm.

7. A seedling raising substrate tray according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the grain size of the grass carbon soil is 10 to 20 meshes; the particle size of the vermiculite is 2-4 mm; the decomposed manure is decomposed cow manure.

8. A method for preparing a seedling raising substrate tray according to any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized by comprising the steps of:

1) preparing the puffed rice hulls, the corn straw fragments, the decomposed excrement, the grass carbon soil and the vermiculite into slurry with water, and adjusting the acid to 4.5 to E

5.0, preparing the plate-making slurry;

9. A seedling raising substrate disc according to any one of claims 1 to 7 or a seedling raising substrate disc prepared by the preparation method according to claim 8 is applied to rice seedling raising.

10. Use according to claim 9, characterized in that the method for raising rice seedlings comprises the following steps: