CN117502182A - Rice molding seedling raising matrix tablet and preparation method and application thereof - Google Patents
Rice molding seedling raising matrix tablet and preparation method and application thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN117502182A CN117502182A CN202311669855.9A CN202311669855A CN117502182A CN 117502182 A CN117502182 A CN 117502182A CN 202311669855 A CN202311669855 A CN 202311669855A CN 117502182 A CN117502182 A CN 117502182A
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Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/20—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/20—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material
- A01G24/22—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material containing plant material
- A01G24/27—Pulp, e.g. bagasse
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
- Y02W30/00—Technologies for solid waste management
- Y02W30/40—Bio-organic fraction processing; Production of fertilisers from the organic fraction of waste or refuse
Landscapes
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Cultivation Of Plants (AREA)
Abstract
The invention relates to the technical field of agricultural cultivation, in particular to a rice molding seedling raising matrix tablet, a preparation method and application thereof. The rice seedling raising substrate sheet provided by the invention is of a brown yellow sheet structure, has the length of 578mm, the width of 278mm and the thickness of 8-12mm, and comprises the following raw material components in parts by weight: 25-35 parts of corn straw with the water content of 60-65%, 40-50 parts of rice straw with the water content of 60-65% and 30-40 parts of livestock manure with the water content of 35-40% are prepared by the processes of biological fermentation, pulping, homogenizing, pulp mixing, suction filtration molding, high-temperature drying and the like. Has the characteristics of simple and convenient operation, strong Miao Jiyang, labor saving, wide application range, ecological environment protection and the like.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of agricultural cultivation, in particular to a rice molding seedling raising matrix tablet, a preparation method and application thereof.
Background
The rice is one of main grain crops in China, hubei is one of 13 major rice production provinces in China, the annual rice planting area is 3400 tens of thousands of mu, and more than 8.5 hundred million trays of seedlings are needed each year. A large amount of waste crop straws are produced each year, and the straw burning not only causes resource waste, but also causes air pollution and potential safety hazard. The long-term excessive direct returning of the straws is easier to cause the occurrence of crop diseases and insect pests, so that the yield is greatly reduced, and great hidden trouble is brought to grain production. But the bad fecal sewage treatment of the farm can cause great pollution to the surrounding environment. Therefore, the research and development of the formed seedling raising matrix tablet taking the livestock and poultry manure and the crop straws as main manufacturing raw materials are necessary to be quickened, and the livestock and poultry manure and the crop straws are recycled in a reasonable way on a factory scale.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at solving the pollution of crop straws and livestock manure to the environment in the prior art, the invention provides a rice molding seedling raising substrate sheet, a preparation method and application thereof, wherein the molding seedling raising substrate sheet which takes the livestock manure and the crop straws as main manufacturing raw materials can replace the traditional seedling raising soil, improve the seedling quality, reduce the environmental pollution, improve the soil fertility and protect the plough layer soil from being damaged, and the invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
the rice shaping seedling raising substrate sheet is of a brown yellow sheet structure, has the length of 578mm, the width of 278mm and the thickness of 8-12mm, and comprises the following raw material components in parts by weight: 25-35 parts of corn straw with the water content of 60-65%, 40-50 parts of rice straw with the water content of 60-65%, and 30-40 parts of livestock manure with the water content of 35-40%;
wherein the livestock manure comprises at least one of pig manure, sheep manure, cow manure, chicken manure and duck manure.
The invention further provides a preparation method of the rice molding seedling raising matrix tablet, which comprises the following steps:
1) Pouring 30-40 parts of livestock manure fermented and decomposed materials into a pulping tank, adding dilution water, and stirring for 5-10 min under the action of a hydraulic stirrer to obtain livestock manure fermented and decomposed slurry with the concentration of 5-8% for later use;
2) Pouring 25-35 parts of fermented and decomposed corn straw fibers and 40-50 parts of rice straw fibers into a pulping tank, adding dilution water, and stirring for 10-15 min under the action of a hydraulic stirrer to obtain crop straw slurry with the concentration of 5-8% for later use;
3) The livestock manure fermentation and decomposition slurry with the concentration of 5% -8% in the step 1) and the crop straw slurry with the concentration of 5% -8% in the step 2) are respectively subjected to sand removal treatment in a sand remover, the livestock manure fermentation and decomposition slurry after the sand removal treatment is conveyed to a high-concentration pulp mixing tank, the crop straw slurry after the sand removal treatment is subjected to pulp grinding by a medium-concentration pulp grinder to extract straw fibers, and the crop straw slurry after the pulp grinding is conveyed to the high-concentration pulp mixing tank to be mixed with the livestock manure fermentation and decomposition slurry to obtain mixed slurry;
4) Regulating the pH value of the mixed slurry in the step 3) to 6.0-6.5 by sulfuric acid, regulating the slurry to a slurry tank by an automatic slurry mixing control system, regulating the slurry concentration in the slurry tank to 0.5-1.5%, and conveying the slurry in the slurry tank to a slurry pool of a forming machine by a pipeline;
5) Vacuum suction filtering and molding the slurry in the slurry tank of the molding machine in the step 4 through a mold to obtain a molded matrix sheet wet blank with the weight of 1100-1200 g;
6) And (3) conveying the substrate sheet wet blank in the step (5) to drying equipment for drying treatment, and drying and cooling to obtain the rice molding seedling raising substrate sheet.
In the method for preparing the rice seedling raising matrix sheet, the vacuum suction filtration molding refers to that a molded wet matrix sheet blank is prepared by a mold molding process, wherein the bottom surface of the wet matrix sheet blank is a flat surface, and the top surface of the wet matrix sheet blank is a rough surface.
Further, in the preparation method of the rice seedling raising matrix sheet, the step of sending the wet matrix sheet blank to the drying equipment for drying treatment means that the operation parameters of the drying equipment are as follows: the operating temperature is 200-230 ℃.
Further, in the preparation method of the rice molding seedling raising matrix tablet, the livestock manure fermented and decomposed material comprises the following steps:
11 Material preparation: the livestock manure, crop straws with the grain diameter less than or equal to 0.5cm and organic material decomposing inoculant after dry-wet separation;
12 Raw material premixing configuration: measuring the moisture content of the livestock manure and the moisture content of the crop straws in the step 11), mixing the livestock manure and the crop straws according to the weight ratio of 7:3, wherein the water content of the mixed materials is 55% -60%, and uniformly spraying the organic material fermentation microbial inoculum in the step 11) when the materials are mixed;
13 Primary fermentation: feeding the mixed materials in the step 12) into an integrated intelligent aerobic fermentation cabin, stacking according to the cabin position specification to form a fermentation pile, preferably stacking in the cabin position, ventilating, aerating and supplying oxygen from the bottom of a fermentation tank upwards every 2 hours by adopting a fan, uniformly turning and aerobically fermenting at the fermentation temperature below 65 ℃ for 12-15 days, obtaining a semi-finished product and discharging for later use;
14 Secondary fermentation: conveying the semi-finished product in the step 13) to an aging workshop for stacking to form a secondary fermentation pile, turning the secondary fermentation pile every 7-10 days, and obtaining a decomposed material with a yellow brown or gray brown material, wherein the fermentation period is 90-120 days;
15 And (3) crushing and sieving the decomposed material in the step 14) to obtain the livestock manure fermented decomposed material.
Further, in the preparation method of the rice molding seedling raising substrate sheet, the fermented and decomposed rice and corn straw are obtained by the following steps:
crushing rice straw and corn straw materials with the moisture content of 12% -18% to the grain size of 4-8 mm, adding 4-8 kg of organic material decomposing inoculant and 10-15 kg of urea into each ton of crushed rice and corn straw dry matters, fully and uniformly stirring, adding agricultural irrigation water according to the coefficient of 1.5-2.3 times to ensure that the moisture content of the mixed materials reaches 65% -70%, respectively putting the uniformly stirred rice straw and corn straw into a fermentation bin for fermentation, discharging the fermented rice straw and corn straw from the fermentation bin for standby, and pulping and extracting straw fibers by a medium-concentration pulping machine in the step 3);
wherein the fermentation period of the rice straw in the current season in the year is 240-360 hours, and the fermentation period of the corn straw is 120-168 hours.
Thirdly, the invention also provides application of the rice molding seedling raising matrix tablet in rice seedling raising, and a specific method for specific rice seedling raising is as follows:
a) Placing the rice molding seedling raising substrate sheet into a corresponding seedling raising tray, and tightly sticking and compacting;
b) Watering the seedling raising tray to wet the seedling raising substrate sheet;
c) Uniformly sowing rice seeds on the soaked seedling raising substrate sheet, and covering a layer of special nutrition cover seed soil with the thickness of 0.3-0.5cm matched with the seedling raising substrate sheet;
d) After the step c) is completed, covering non-woven fabrics on the seedling raising tray, and straightening and tightening the non-woven fabrics so as to preserve heat, moisture and promote seedling alignment;
e) The environmental temperature of the rice seeds before emergence is controlled to be about 30 ℃, the night temperature of the rice seeds after emergence is controlled to be above 15 ℃, and the daytime temperature of the rice seeds after emergence is controlled to be 20-30 ℃;
f) Before the seedling height of the rice seedlings is 2.5cm, the rice seedling raising tray is kept moist and can not have ponding;
g) When the seedling grows weakly, quick-acting fertilizer is applied to the seedling in a two-leaf one-heart period;
h) Spraying foliar fertilizer and bactericide in a mixed mode when the seedlings are in a period of one leaf and one core, and removing the impurity plants and weeds;
i) Winding up seedlings: rolling up the cultivated seedlings with proper age, and then transporting the seedlings for transplanting rice seedlings.
Compared with the existing seedling raising technology, the invention has the advantages of one-to-two reduction and three lifting:
1. and (3) replacing: replaces the traditional seedling raising soil. The method realizes the replacement of the bed soil of the traditional seedling culture by the matrix sheet, saves the exploitation and use of non-renewable resource soil and turf, protects the environment and realizes the waste utilization.
2. Two subtractions: firstly, environmental pollution is reduced, all raw materials used by the matrix sheet are agricultural wastes (livestock manure and crop straws), and the environmental pollution caused by straw burning and the waste of livestock manure resources are reduced; secondly, the production cost is reduced, complicated procedures and manpower for soil taking, soil airing, crushing, soil screening, fertilizer mixing, medicine mixing and the like required by preparing the bed soil are reduced, the substrate sheet is used for raising seedlings, the operation is simple and convenient, labor and effort are saved, the substrate sheet is light in weight and convenient to carry when the manpower and the agriculture are strutted due to the treatment of the bed soil are avoided, and the labor intensity and the seedling conveying cost are reduced.
3. Lifting: firstly, the soil fertility is improved, and the matrix tablets are used, so that the matrix tablets are returned to the field along with seedlings, the organic matter content of the soil is improved, and the effects of improving the soil structure and cultivating the soil fertility are achieved; secondly, the seedling quality is improved, the substrate sheet seedling raising packing has strong property, quick turning green and more tillers, and the seedling quality is stronger than that of the conventional bed soil seedling raising; and thirdly, the economic and ecological benefits are improved, compared with the conventional bed soil seedling raising, the method can reduce the use of pesticides, provide a feasible scheme for producing organic green rice, and provide a guarantee for improving the quality and the high added value of the rice.
The seedling raising substrate sheet in the application effectively utilizes livestock and poultry manure and crop straw resources, is prepared by processes of biological fermentation, pulping, homogenate pulping, suction filtration molding, high-temperature drying and the like, changes waste into valuables, effectively controls the exploitation of non-renewable resource cultivation layer soil, protects ecological environment, plays a pushing role for sustainable development of agriculture, does not need to replace and reform the existing seedling raising equipment, can directly realize technical transition, and is suitable for household seedling raising of farmers, industrialized seedling raising and mechanized seedling transplanting.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to the following embodiments so that those skilled in the art can more clearly understand the present invention, but it should be understood that the scope of the present invention is not limited to the embodiments.
1. Preparation of rice formed seedling raising matrix tablet
The rice forming seedling raising substrate sheet comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 25-35 parts of corn straw with water content of 60-65%, and 40-50 parts of rice straw with water content of 60-65%; 30-40 parts of livestock manure with water content of 35-40%; the livestock manure is one or more of pig manure, sheep manure, cow manure, chicken manure and duck manure.
1) Pulping by grinding: pouring 30-40 parts of livestock manure fermented and decomposed materials into a pulping tank, adding dilution water, and stirring for 5-10 min under the action of a hydraulic stirrer to obtain livestock manure fermented and decomposed slurry with the concentration of 5-8% for later use.
In one embodiment, the livestock manure fermented decomposed material is obtained by the following steps:
11 Material preparation: pig manure after dry-wet separation, rice straw with the grain diameter less than or equal to 0.5cm, corn straw and organic material decomposing inoculant.
12 Raw material premixing configuration: measuring the moisture content of the livestock manure and the moisture content of the crop straws in the step 11), mixing the livestock manure and the crop straws according to the weight ratio of 7:3, wherein the water content of the mixed materials is 55% -60%, and uniformly spraying the organic material fermentation microbial inoculum in the step 11) when the materials are mixed;
13 Primary fermentation: feeding the mixed materials in the step 12) into an integrated intelligent aerobic fermentation cabin, stacking according to the cabin position specification to form a fermentation pile, preferably stacking in the cabin position, ventilating, aerating and supplying oxygen from the bottom of a fermentation tank upwards every 2 hours by adopting a fan, uniformly turning and aerobically fermenting at the fermentation temperature below 65 ℃ for 12-15 days, obtaining a semi-finished product and discharging for later use;
14 Secondary fermentation: conveying the semi-finished product in the step 13) to an aging workshop for stacking to form a secondary fermentation pile, turning the secondary fermentation pile every 7-10 days, and obtaining a decomposed material with a yellow brown or gray brown material, wherein the fermentation period is 90-120 days;
15 And (3) crushing and sieving the decomposed material in the step 14) to obtain the livestock manure fermented decomposed material.
2) And (3) pouring 25-35 parts of fermented and decomposed corn straw and 40-50 parts of rice straw into a pulping tank, adding dilution water, and stirring for 10-15 min under the action of a hydraulic stirrer to obtain crop straw slurry with the concentration of 5-8% for later use.
In one embodiment, the fermented and decomposed rice straw and corn straw are obtained by: crushing rice straw and corn straw materials with the moisture content of 12% -18% to the grain diameter of 4% -8 mm, adding 4% -8 kg of organic material decomposing inoculant and 10% -15 kg of urea into each ton of crushed rice and corn straw dry matters, fully and uniformly stirring, and adding a water source meeting the agricultural irrigation water standard according to the coefficient of 1.5% -2.3 times to enable the moisture of the mixed materials to reach 65% -70%. Respectively putting the uniformly mixed rice straw and corn straw into a fermentation bin for fermentation, discharging the fermented rice straw and corn straw from the fermentation bin for standby, and then pulping and extracting straw fibers by a medium-consistency pulping machine in the step 3); wherein the fermentation period of the rice straw in the current season in the year is 240-360 hours, and the fermentation period of the corn straw is 120-168 hours.
3) And (2) respectively carrying out sand removal treatment on the livestock manure fermented and decomposed slurry with the concentration of 5% -8% in the step (1) and the crop straw slurry with the concentration of 5% -8% in the step (2) in a sand remover, conveying the livestock manure fermented and decomposed slurry after the sand removal treatment to a high-concentration pulp mixing tank, grinding the crop straw slurry after the sand removal treatment by a medium-concentration pulp grinder to extract straw fibers, and conveying the ground crop straw slurry to the high-concentration pulp mixing tank to be mixed with the livestock manure fermented and decomposed slurry to obtain mixed slurry.
4) And 3) regulating the pH value of the mixed slurry in the step 3) to 6.0-6.5 by sulfuric acid, regulating the slurry to a slurry tank by an automatic slurry mixing control system, regulating the slurry concentration in the slurry tank to 0.5-1.5%, and conveying the slurry in the slurry tank to a slurry pool of a forming machine by a pipeline.
5) Vacuum suction filtration molding is carried out on the slurry in the slurry pool of the molding machine in the step 4) through a mold to obtain a molded substrate sheet wet blank with the weight of 1100-1200 g, wherein the vacuum suction filtration molding is carried out on the slurry to prepare the molded substrate sheet wet blank with the length and the width of 578 multiplied by 278mm according to the specification of a seedling tray of the dry seedling raising mechanical seedling transplanting machine by adopting a mold molding process, and the thickness of the molded substrate sheet wet blank is controlled to be 8-12mm.
6) And (3) delivering the substrate sheet wet blank in the step (5) into a multi-layer hot air circulation drying device for drying treatment, controlling the temperature of a drying tunnel to be 200-230 ℃, drying through the hot air drying tunnel, discharging, drying and cooling to prepare a finished product of the rice molding seedling raising substrate sheet. The weight of the single substrate sheet is controlled to be 250-350 g, and the water content is controlled to be within 8%.
The standard of the rice molding seedling raising matrix tablet prepared by the invention is as follows:
A. appearance and specification: the flaky or blocky shape is smooth, no obvious damage exists, the color is brown or brown, no obvious peculiar smell and mildew exist, and the 9 inch dish is provided with the following structure: 578mm in length, 278mm in width and 8-12mm in thickness.
B. The technical indexes are as follows: the pH (matrix: water=1:5 leaching) is 5.5-6.5, EC (matrix: water=1:10 leaching) is less than or equal to 2.0ms/cm, organic matters are more than or equal to 45%, total nutrients (total nitrogen, total phosphorus pentoxide and total potassium oxide) are more than or equal to 35g/Kg, the water content is less than or equal to 8%, the seed germination index is more than or equal to 80%, heavy metals are not out of standard, and the method has no toxic or side effect.
C. Hygiene requirements: the mortality rate of the ascarid eggs and the colibacillus group index in the finished product meet the requirements of GB/T33891-2017.
D. Heavy metal content: the heavy metal content limit value of the seedling raising matrix tablet is less than or equal to 3.0mg/Kg of total cadmium, less than or equal to 2.0mg/Kg of total mercury, less than or equal to 50mg/Kg of total lead, less than or equal to 150mg/Kg of total chromium, and less than or equal to 15mg/Kg of total arsenic.
2. The rice seedling raising matrix obtained by the steps is applied to rice seedling raising.
a) And (3) laying a tray: the rice molding seedling raising substrate sheet with the length and width of 585 multiplied by 285mm and the thickness of 8-12mm, which is obtained according to the specification of the dry seedling raising mechanical seedling transplanting tray, is put into the seedling raising tray in a mode of 'hair surface up and light surface down', and the seedling raising substrate sheet and the seedling raising tray are tightly attached and compacted as much as possible. The effect is better when the hard plastic seedling tray is selected for implementation.
b) Watering wet plate: watering the seedling raising tray to soak the seedling raising substrate sheet.
In the implementation, the seedling raising in the following application fields is as follows:
(1) cement field or greenhouse seedling raising: repeatedly watering after arranging the tray to enable the matrix sheet to fully absorb enough water, preferably, the matrix sheet is pressed by fingers to discharge water; the watering device has the advantages that the watering device can be used for seeding soil covering firstly, then fully spraying water to wet thoroughly, and watering repeatedly after laying the plates without sprinkling irrigation, so that the substrate plates absorb enough water.
(2) And (3) field seedling raising: firstly, leveling the paddy field, digging a drainage ditch to prevent water accumulation, sowing and covering soil, then irrigating, preferably adopting a slow flood irrigation mode, wherein the field water level is equal to the disc surface of a seedling disc, and is not more than the disc surface or submerge non-woven fabrics, draining after about 30 minutes of a wet disc for seed soaking germination accelerating sowing, draining after about 12 hours of dry grain sowing, draining to the 2/3 water level of a field ditch, and keeping the field humidity without water accumulation on the compartment surface.
C) Sowing and earthing: uniformly sowing rice seeds on the soaked seedling raising substrate sheet, and covering a layer of rice seeds with a thickness of 0.3-0.5cmSpecial nutrition matched with matrix tabletCovering the seed soil.
In practice, the weight of the seed covering soil is preferably 1.8-2.2 jin per disc, preferably no grain seeds are exposed, and more preferably, the rice seeds are soaked for germination acceleration and the seed coating agent (mevalonate) is coated for sowing.
d) And (3) cover film heat preservation: after the step c) is completed, covering non-woven fabrics on the seedling raising tray, straightening and tightening, preserving heat, preserving moisture and promoting seedling alignment, and preventing water and temperature from being lost too quickly during seedling emergence.
e) And (3) temperature control: the environmental temperature of the rice seeds before emergence is controlled to be about 30 ℃, the night temperature of the rice seeds after emergence is controlled to be above 15 ℃, and the daytime temperature of the rice seeds after emergence is controlled to be 20-30 ℃; specifically, the temperature of the environment before seedling raising in the greenhouse is controlled to be about 30 ℃, the night temperature after seedling raising is controlled to be above 15 ℃, the daytime temperature is controlled to be 20-30 ℃, and the temperature is controlled to be more than 35 ℃ for ventilation and cooling so as to avoid Wen Shangmiao.
f) And (3) water management: before the rice seeds emerge from the seedling stand needle (the seedling height is about 2.5 cm), no water can be accumulated in the seedling raising tray; specifically, the tray body is kept moist in the early stage of seedling culture; after the rice seeds grow out of the first complete leaves, the semi-dry and semi-wet tray body is kept, so that root growth is promoted; after the three-leaf period, the tray body is kept moist. No water is accumulated in the seedling tray before the seedling is planted (the seedling height is about 2.5 cm) no matter the seedling is planted in a cement field, a greenhouse or a field, and the water can seriously influence the seedling emergence and the seedling alignment.
g) Fertilizer application: when the rice seedlings grow poorly, quick-acting fertilizers are applied to the rice seedlings in a two-leaf one-core period; specifically, if the seedling grows poorly, the quick-acting fertilizer is preferably applied in a proper amount in a period of two leaves and one heart.
h) Spraying foliar fertilizer and bactericide on the seedlings in a period of one leaf and one core, and removing the impurity plants and weeds; specifically, according to the occurrence of plant diseases and insect pests, the control work is well done, and Shi Bi, metalaxyl-hymexazol and amino acid foliar fertilizer are sprayed in a one-leaf one-core period to control the occurrence of diseases, and meanwhile, the impurity plants and weeds are removed to ensure the purity of seedlings.
i) Rolling up the cultivated seedlings with proper ages, and then transporting the seedlings to transplant the seedlings; specifically, if the seedling blanket is overdry, water can be added so as to facilitate the smooth seedling discharging of the seedling transplanting machine.
The foregoing disclosure is merely illustrative of the preferred embodiments of the present invention and is not intended to limit the scope of the claims herein, as equivalent changes may be made in the claims herein without departing from the scope of the invention.
Claims (8)
1. The rice shaping seedling raising substrate sheet is characterized by being of a brown yellow sheet structure, has the length of 578mm, the width of 278mm and the thickness of 8-12mm, and comprises the following raw material components in parts by weight: 25-35 parts of corn straw with the water content of 60-65%, 40-50 parts of rice straw with the water content of 60-65%, and 30-40 parts of livestock manure with the water content of 35-40%;
wherein the livestock manure comprises at least one of pig manure, sheep manure, cow manure, chicken manure and duck manure.
2. A method for preparing the rice seedling raising matrix tablet according to claim 1, which is characterized by comprising the following steps:
1) Pouring 30-40 parts of livestock manure fermented and decomposed materials into a pulping tank, adding dilution water, and stirring for 5-10 min under the action of a hydraulic stirrer to obtain livestock manure fermented and decomposed slurry with the concentration of 5-8% for later use;
2) Pouring 25-35 parts of fermented and decomposed corn straw and 40-50 parts of rice straw into a pulping tank, adding dilution water, and stirring for 10-15 min under the action of a hydraulic stirrer to obtain crop straw slurry with the concentration of 5-8% for later use;
3) The livestock manure fermentation and decomposition slurry with the concentration of 5% -8% in the step 1) and the crop straw slurry with the concentration of 5% -8% in the step 2) are respectively subjected to sand removal treatment in a sand remover, the livestock manure fermentation and decomposition slurry after the sand removal treatment is conveyed to a high-concentration pulp mixing tank, the crop straw slurry after the sand removal treatment is further conveyed to a medium-concentration pulp grinder for grinding and extracting straw fibers, and the ground crop straw slurry is conveyed to the high-concentration pulp mixing tank for mixing with the livestock manure fermentation and decomposition slurry to obtain mixed slurry;
4) Regulating the pH value of the mixed slurry in the step 3) to 6.0-6.5 by sulfuric acid, regulating the slurry to a slurry tank by an automatic slurry mixing control system, regulating the slurry concentration in the slurry tank to 0.5-1.5%, and conveying the slurry in the slurry tank to a slurry pool of a forming machine by a pump;
5) Carrying out vacuum suction filtration molding on the slurry in the slurry tank of the molding machine in the step 4 to obtain a molded substrate sheet wet blank with a single weight of 1100-1200 g;
6) And (3) conveying the substrate sheet wet blank in the step (5) to drying equipment for drying treatment, and drying and cooling to obtain the rice molding seedling raising substrate sheet.
3. The method according to claim 2, wherein the vacuum filtration molding is a process of molding a molded substrate sheet wet blank, wherein the substrate sheet wet blank has a flat bottom surface and a rough top surface.
4. The method according to claim 2, wherein the step of feeding the wet substrate sheet blank to a drying apparatus for drying means that the operation parameters of the drying apparatus are as follows: the operating temperature is 200-230 ℃.
5. The preparation method according to claim 2, wherein the livestock manure fermented and decomposed material is prepared by the following steps:
11 Material preparation: the livestock manure, crop straws with the grain diameter less than or equal to 0.5cm and organic material decomposing inoculant after dry-wet separation;
12 Raw material premixing configuration: measuring the moisture content of the livestock manure and the moisture content of the crop straws in the step 11), mixing the livestock manure and the crop straws according to the weight ratio of 7:3, uniformly spraying the organic material fermentation inoculant in the step 11) when mixing materials, and adjusting the water content of the mixed materials to 55-60%;
13 Primary fermentation: feeding the mixed materials in the step 12) into an integrated intelligent aerobic fermentation cabin, stacking according to the cabin position specification to form a fermentation pile, preferably stacking in the cabin position, ventilating, aerating and supplying oxygen from the bottom of a fermentation tank upwards every 2 hours by adopting a fan, uniformly turning and aerobically fermenting at the fermentation temperature below 65 ℃ for 12-15 days, obtaining a semi-finished product and discharging for later use;
14 Secondary fermentation: conveying the semi-finished product in the step 13) to an aging workshop for stacking to form a secondary fermentation pile, turning the secondary fermentation pile every 7-10 days, and obtaining a decomposed material with a yellow brown or gray brown material, wherein the fermentation period is 90-120 days;
15 And (3) crushing and sieving the decomposed material in the step 14) to obtain the livestock manure fermented decomposed material.
6. The method according to claim 2, wherein the fermented and decomposed rice straw and corn straw are obtained by:
crushing rice straw and corn straw materials with the moisture content of 12% -18% into fibers with the particle size of 4-8 mm, adding 4-8 kg of organic material decomposing inoculant and 10-15 kg of urea into each ton of crushed rice and corn straw fiber dry matters, fully and uniformly stirring, adding agricultural irrigation water according to the coefficient of 1.5-2.3 times to ensure that the moisture content of the mixed materials reaches 65% -70%, respectively putting the uniformly stirred rice straw fibers and corn straw fibers into a fermentation bin for fermentation, discharging the fermented rice straw fibers and corn straw fibers from the fermentation bin for later use, and pulping and extracting straw fiber straw pulp by a medium-concentration pulping machine in the step 3);
wherein, the fermentation period of the rice straw fiber in the season in the year is 240-360 hours, and the fermentation period of the corn straw fiber is 120-168 hours.
7. Use of the rice seedling raising matrix tablet according to claim 1 in rice seedling raising.
8. The use according to claim 7, wherein the specific method for raising rice seedlings is as follows:
a) Placing the rice molding seedling raising substrate sheet into a corresponding seedling raising tray, and tightly sticking and compacting;
b) Watering the seedling raising tray to wet the seedling raising substrate sheet;
c) Uniformly sowing rice seeds on the soaked seedling raising substrate sheet, and covering a layer of special nutrition cover seed soil with the thickness of 0.3-0.5cm matched with the seedling raising substrate sheet;
d) After the step c) is completed, covering non-woven fabrics on the seedling raising tray, and straightening and tightening the non-woven fabrics so as to preserve heat, moisture and promote seedling alignment;
e) The environmental temperature of the rice seeds before emergence is controlled to be about 30 ℃, the night temperature of the rice seeds after emergence is controlled to be above 15 ℃, and the daytime temperature of the rice seeds after emergence is controlled to be 20-30 ℃;
f) Before the seedling height of the rice seedlings is 2.5cm, the rice seedling raising tray is kept moist and can not have ponding;
g) When the rice seedlings grow poorly, quick-acting fertilizers are applied to the rice seedlings in a two-leaf one-core period;
h) Spraying foliar fertilizer and bactericide in a mixed mode when the seedlings are in a period of one leaf and one core, and removing the impurity plants and weeds;
i) Winding up seedlings: rolling up the cultivated seedlings with proper age, and then transporting the seedlings for transplanting rice seedlings.
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US6399185B1 (en) * | 1998-10-30 | 2002-06-04 | Timothy D. Cathey | Vegetation substrate |
| CN2764141Y (en) * | 2005-02-01 | 2006-03-15 | 农业部南京农业机械化研究所 | Special matrix sheet for rice machine seedling transplantation |
| CN109566348A (en) * | 2018-12-28 | 2019-04-05 | 哈尔滨东宇农业工程机械有限公司 | A kind of rice covers seed seedling raising ground substance disk and preparation method and application automatically |
| CN110476774A (en) * | 2019-08-21 | 2019-11-22 | 江苏省农业科学院 | A kind of transplanting multilayer rice straw substrate block and method of raising seedling |
| CN114014712A (en) * | 2021-11-01 | 2022-02-08 | 湖北加德科技股份有限公司 | Seedling culture substrate sheet and preparation method thereof |
-
2023
- 2023-12-07 CN CN202311669855.9A patent/CN117502182A/en active Pending
Patent Citations (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US6399185B1 (en) * | 1998-10-30 | 2002-06-04 | Timothy D. Cathey | Vegetation substrate |
| CN2764141Y (en) * | 2005-02-01 | 2006-03-15 | 农业部南京农业机械化研究所 | Special matrix sheet for rice machine seedling transplantation |
| CN109566348A (en) * | 2018-12-28 | 2019-04-05 | 哈尔滨东宇农业工程机械有限公司 | A kind of rice covers seed seedling raising ground substance disk and preparation method and application automatically |
| CN110476774A (en) * | 2019-08-21 | 2019-11-22 | 江苏省农业科学院 | A kind of transplanting multilayer rice straw substrate block and method of raising seedling |
| CN114014712A (en) * | 2021-11-01 | 2022-02-08 | 湖北加德科技股份有限公司 | Seedling culture substrate sheet and preparation method thereof |
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