CN110637701A - Seedling culture substrate and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Seedling culture substrate and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN110637701A CN110637701A CN201911071908.0A CN201911071908A CN110637701A CN 110637701 A CN110637701 A CN 110637701A CN 201911071908 A CN201911071908 A CN 201911071908A CN 110637701 A CN110637701 A CN 110637701A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/20—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material
- A01G24/22—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material containing plant material
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/10—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing inorganic material
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/10—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing inorganic material
- A01G24/12—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing inorganic material containing soil minerals
- A01G24/13—Zeolites
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/10—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing inorganic material
- A01G24/12—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing inorganic material containing soil minerals
- A01G24/15—Calcined rock, e.g. perlite, vermiculite or clay aggregates
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/10—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing inorganic material
- A01G24/17—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing inorganic material containing slag
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/20—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/20—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material
- A01G24/22—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material containing plant material
- A01G24/23—Wood, e.g. wood chips or sawdust
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/20—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material
- A01G24/22—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material containing plant material
- A01G24/25—Dry fruit hulls or husks, e.g. chaff or coir
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/20—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material
- A01G24/28—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material containing peat, moss or sphagnum
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- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Soil Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Biodiversity & Conservation Biology (AREA)
- Ecology (AREA)
- Forests & Forestry (AREA)
- Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
- Cultivation Of Plants (AREA)
Abstract
The application discloses a seedling raising substrate and a preparation method thereof. The seedling raising substrate consists of an expanded material, an organic substrate material and an inorganic substrate material, wherein the expanded material is expanded agricultural and forestry waste. The method for preparing the sandy shrubs seedling raising matrix by adopting the agricultural and forestry wastes is a novel, efficient, safe, green and environment-friendly seedling raising matrix, can improve the seedling raising survival rate of the sandy shrubs, can also shorten the seedling raising period, and is suitable for mechanized transplanting.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a seedling substrate, in particular to a sand shrub seedling substrate, and relates to a method for preparing the sand shrub seedling substrate by using agricultural and forestry wastes.
Background
The utilization rate of agricultural and forestry waste resources in China is only 35%, and the technical level of the utilization of the resources is low. The preparation of nutrient substrates from agricultural and forestry waste is an important attempt to realize the development of circular economy. The puffing technology is a composite effect based on physical and chemical reactions. The working principle of the puffing equipment is that after the cut wet agricultural and forestry waste enters the extrusion cavity through the feeding screw, mechanical energy is directly converted into heat energy, high temperature and high pressure are generated instantly, and the spraying puffing is formed by suddenly dropping at the discharge port, so that the aims of curing and saccharifying are fulfilled. Due to the instantaneous sudden drop of the pressure, the agricultural and forestry waste expands in volume and becomes fluffy and soft, thus forming a flocculent structure. Has high adsorption performance, can greatly improve the water absorption and retention performance of the matrix, and is particularly suitable for the seedling culture of sandy shrubs. This is the novelty of the present invention. The novel, efficient, safe, green and environment-friendly sandy shrub seedling raising matrix is rarely reported at home and abroad.
The desertification land area of China is 172.12 ten thousand square kilometers, which accounts for 17.93 percent of the total area of the national soil, and the control of the sandy land (desert) becomes the key task of ecological construction of China. The method for controlling the sand by using the sandy shrubs as the live sand barriers has good application and popularization prospects. Facing to the severe ecological conditions of desert areas, the survival difficulty of the sand seedlings is high, and the maintenance cost is extremely high. If the seedling raising substrate required by the growth of the sandy shrubs can be developed, the standardization of desertification control materials and processes, the high efficiency and near naturalization of vegetation recovery and the mechanization of operation construction are realized, so that the desertification control efficiency and quality are improved, and the desertification control work is promoted to be transformed and developed towards the direction of mechanization, high efficiency and low cost.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects of the prior art, the invention aims to provide a seedling substrate, in particular to a sand shrub seedling substrate and a method for preparing the substrate by utilizing agricultural and forestry waste through puffing. By the method, the agricultural and forestry wastes are efficiently utilized, so that cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin are separated, a waxy film is broken, and the adsorption performance and the utilization value are improved. Provides a brand new way for the utilization of organic wastes, and is beneficial to realizing the comprehensive utilization and sustainable development of resources. The sandy shrub seedling raising matrix prepared by puffing agricultural and forestry wastes is a novel, efficient, safe, green and environment-friendly scheme.
According to one aspect, the application provides a seedling raising substrate, which consists of an expanded material, an organic substrate material and an inorganic substrate material, wherein the expanded material is selected from expanded agricultural and forestry waste, and the agricultural and forestry waste is selected from one or more of corn stalks, wheat stalks, rice stalks, reeds, caragana microphylla, salix psammophila, shuttlecocks, flower sticks and fruit tree branches; the organic matrix material is selected from one or more of grass carbon, rice hull, vinasse and wood dust; the inorganic matrix material is selected from one or more of perlite, vermiculite, slag, fly ash, sand, zeolite, ground phosphate rock and shale.
According to some embodiments, the mass ratio of the swelling material, the organic matrix material and the inorganic matrix material in the seedling raising substrate of the present application is 60 to 80%: 15-30%: 5 to 10 percent. For example, the mass ratio is 70% -75%: 15-20%: 5 to 10 percent.
According to some embodiments, the seedling substrate described herein is a seedling substrate for raising seedlings of sandy shrubs.
According to another aspect, the application provides a method for preparing a sand shrub seedling substrate by using agricultural and forestry waste, which is characterized by comprising the following steps:
1) crushing the agricultural and forestry waste by a universal crusher until the crushed length is less than or equal to 3cm and the water content is less than or equal to 20%, and feeding the crushed agricultural and forestry waste into a roller type dust remover for screening and purification;
2) preparing the agricultural and forestry waste prepared in the step 1) into an expanded material through a bulking machine; the expansion temperature is 120-;
3) and mixing the puffed material treated in the step 2) with the organic matrix material and the inorganic matrix material in proportion, uniformly mixing the materials by a mixer, screening, weighing and packaging to prepare the sand shrub seedling culture matrix.
The agricultural and forestry waste is one or more of corn straw, wheat straw, rice straw, reed, caragana microphylla, salix mongolica, haloxylon ammodendron, flower sticks and fruit tree branches, such as the corn straw and the caragana microphylla.
The organic matrix material is one or more of grass carbon, rice hulls, vinasse and wood chips, such as grass carbon.
The inorganic matrix material comprises one or more of perlite, vermiculite, slag, fly ash, sand, zeolite, ground phosphate rock and shale, such as vermiculite and perlite.
The method for preparing the sandy shrub seedling raising matrix by using the agricultural and forestry wastes is characterized in that the mass ratio of the swelling material to the organic matrix material to the inorganic matrix material is 60-80%: 15-30%: 5% -10%, for example, the mass ratio of the expanded material, the organic matrix material and the inorganic matrix material is 70% -75%: 15-20%: 5 to 10 percent.
The method for preparing the seedling substrate by utilizing the agricultural and forestry wastes is reasonable in design, is suitable for preparing the sand shrub seedling substrate, provides a brand new way for utilizing the agricultural and forestry wastes, is beneficial to realizing the cyclic utilization and sustainable development of resources, and has very important significance for preventing and controlling sand and protecting the ecological environment in China. The sandy shrub seedling substrate prepared by using the agricultural and forestry wastes is a novel, efficient, safe, green and environment-friendly seedling substrate, can improve the seedling survival rate of sandy shrubs, can shorten the seedling period, and is suitable for mechanized transplanting.
Detailed Description
The seedling raising substrate and the preparation method thereof of the present application are exemplified by the following examples. The present application is not limited to these embodiments.
Example 1
Crushing corn straws by a universal crusher, wherein the crushed length is not more than 2cm, the water content is less than 20%, and the crushed corn straws enter a roller type dust remover for screening and purification; and (3) puffing in a puffing machine at the operating temperature of 170 ℃, the pressure of 0.9MPa and the screw rotating speed of 800r/min according to the proportion of the corn straws: peat (manufacturer: Hengfeng agricultural science and technology limited, Zhaoqing city): perlite (manufacturers: Shanghai hong Yun gardening products Co., Ltd.) is mixed evenly according to the mass ratio of 70:20:10 to prepare the seedling substrate. The detection shows that the pH value is 6.8, the EC value is 0.55ms/cm, the water content is 25 percent, and the ventilation porosity is 24 percent.
Example 2
Crushing caragana microphylla by a universal crusher, wherein the crushed caragana microphylla has a length of no more than 3cm and a water content of less than 15%, and feeding the caragana microphylla into a roller type dust remover for screening and purification; puffing in a puffing machine at the operating temperature of 180 ℃, the pressure of 1.0MPa and the screw rotating speed of 600r/min, wherein according to the puffing caragana microphylla material: beer lees (source: Ming's part of the Ming's business for agricultural and sideline products): and (3) uniformly mixing phosphate rock powder (the source: Decheng chemical product Ministry in ancient city of Shandong province) in a mass ratio of 75:15:10 to prepare the seedling culture substrate. The detection shows that the pH value is 6.6, the EC value is 0.62ms/cm, the water content is 28 percent, and the ventilation porosity is 22 percent.
Example 3
Crushing apple branches by a universal crusher, wherein the crushed apple branches have the length of not more than 3cm and the water content of less than 20 percent, and entering a roller type dust remover for screening and purification; and (3) puffing in a puffing machine at the operating temperature of 180 ℃, the pressure of 1.0MPa and the screw rotating speed of 800r/min, wherein according to the steps of puffing the apple branches: rice hulls (Hunan and kang ecological agriculture development Co., Ltd.): vermiculite (manufacturer: Shanghai hong Yun gardening products Co., Ltd.) mass ratio of 75:15:10 is mixed evenly to prepare the seedling substrate. The detection shows that the pH value is 7.0, the EC value is 0.61ms/cm, the water content is 30 percent, and the ventilation porosity is 21 percent.
Example 4
The growth of haloxylon ammodendron cultivated by using the seedling substrate prepared in example 1 is shown in table 1. The control treatment was without seedling substrate.
TABLE 1 Effect of the seedling substrate on the growth of Haloxylon ammodendron
Example 5
Flowers were cultivated using the substrate for growing seedlings prepared in example 2, and the growth thereof is shown in table 2. The control treatment was without seedling substrate.
TABLE 2 Effect of the seedling substrate on the growth of the flower stick
Example 6
The oleaster cultivated by the seedling substrate prepared in example 3 has growth conditions shown in table 3. The control treatment was without seedling substrate.
TABLE 3 Effect of the seedling substrate on the growth of Elaeagnus angustifolia
According to the embodiment of cultivating the sandy shrubs by using the seedling substrate, the sandy shrub seedling substrate consisting of the agricultural and forestry waste swelling material, the organic substrate material and the inorganic substrate material can obviously improve the survival rate of the sandy shrubs and promote growth and development.
Claims (8)
1. A seedling substrate is characterized by comprising an expanded material, an organic substrate material and an inorganic substrate material, wherein the expanded material is selected from expanded agricultural and forestry waste, and the agricultural and forestry waste is selected from one or more of corn straw, wheat straw, rice straw, reed, caragana microphylla, salix psammophila, shuttlecock, flower stick and fruit tree branches; the organic matrix material is selected from one or more of grass carbon, rice hull, vinasse and wood dust; the inorganic matrix material is selected from one or more of perlite, vermiculite, slag, fly ash, sand, zeolite, ground phosphate rock and shale.
2. A seedling substrate according to claim 1, characterized in that the agricultural and forestry waste is selected from corn stover and/or caragana microphylla.
3. A growth substrate according to claim 1 or 2, characterised in that the organic substrate material is selected from turf.
4. A growth substrate according to claim 1, 2 or 3, characterised in that the inorganic substrate material is selected from vermiculite and/or perlite.
5. A seedling raising substrate according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the mass ratio of the swelling material to the organic matrix material to the inorganic matrix material is 60 to 80%: 15-30%: 5 to 10 percent.
6. A seedling substrate according to any one of claims 1 to 5, which is a seedling substrate for raising seedlings of sandy shrubs.
7. A method for preparing a growth substrate according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that it comprises the following steps:
1) crushing the agricultural and forestry waste, wherein the length of the crushed waste is less than or equal to 3cm, the water content of the crushed waste is less than or equal to 20 percent, and then purifying the crushed waste;
2) preparing the agricultural and forestry waste prepared in the step 1) into an expanded material through a bulking machine; the expansion temperature is 120-; and
3) mixing the expanded material obtained in the step 2) with an organic matrix material and an inorganic matrix material to obtain the seedling culture matrix.
8. The method as claimed in claim 7, wherein the expansion temperature in step 2) is 140-.
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Cited By (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN111670778A (en) * | 2020-05-29 | 2020-09-18 | 北京林业大学 | Slag matrix and preparation method and application thereof |
CN113133373A (en) * | 2020-01-17 | 2021-07-20 | 四川靓固科技集团有限公司 | Arbor and shrub growth controllable nutrient medium and application thereof |
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JPH03293468A (en) * | 1990-03-30 | 1991-12-25 | Nippon Steel Chem Co Ltd | Mothproofing and mildewproofing tatami mat |
CN104012336A (en) * | 2014-05-29 | 2014-09-03 | 云南玉溪源天生物产业开发有限责任公司 | Quick fermentation process of bagasse and method for preparing float breeding matrixes through bagasse |
CN105494057A (en) * | 2015-10-30 | 2016-04-20 | 黑龙江稻乐农业科技有限公司 | Paddy rice soilless seedling-nursing and positioning broadcasting matrix plate and preparation method for same |
CN106954519A (en) * | 2017-04-10 | 2017-07-18 | 宾川县华侨庄园农业科技开发有限公司 | With the grape planting process of the perlite of expanding treatment as wine-growing matrix |
CN107372063A (en) * | 2017-07-27 | 2017-11-24 | 中国水稻研究所 | A kind of method that rice light soil-less seedling raising ground substance is prepared using expanded rice straw |
CN108178674A (en) * | 2018-02-12 | 2018-06-19 | 柳州越众农业科技有限公司 | A kind of rice compound seedling medium |
CN109566348A (en) * | 2018-12-28 | 2019-04-05 | 哈尔滨东宇农业工程机械有限公司 | A kind of rice covers seed seedling raising ground substance disk and preparation method and application automatically |
-
2019
- 2019-11-05 CN CN201911071908.0A patent/CN110637701A/en active Pending
Patent Citations (7)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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JPH03293468A (en) * | 1990-03-30 | 1991-12-25 | Nippon Steel Chem Co Ltd | Mothproofing and mildewproofing tatami mat |
CN104012336A (en) * | 2014-05-29 | 2014-09-03 | 云南玉溪源天生物产业开发有限责任公司 | Quick fermentation process of bagasse and method for preparing float breeding matrixes through bagasse |
CN105494057A (en) * | 2015-10-30 | 2016-04-20 | 黑龙江稻乐农业科技有限公司 | Paddy rice soilless seedling-nursing and positioning broadcasting matrix plate and preparation method for same |
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CN107372063A (en) * | 2017-07-27 | 2017-11-24 | 中国水稻研究所 | A kind of method that rice light soil-less seedling raising ground substance is prepared using expanded rice straw |
CN108178674A (en) * | 2018-02-12 | 2018-06-19 | 柳州越众农业科技有限公司 | A kind of rice compound seedling medium |
CN109566348A (en) * | 2018-12-28 | 2019-04-05 | 哈尔滨东宇农业工程机械有限公司 | A kind of rice covers seed seedling raising ground substance disk and preparation method and application automatically |
Cited By (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN113133373A (en) * | 2020-01-17 | 2021-07-20 | 四川靓固科技集团有限公司 | Arbor and shrub growth controllable nutrient medium and application thereof |
CN113133373B (en) * | 2020-01-17 | 2024-02-20 | 四川靓固科技集团有限公司 | Arbor and shrub growth controllable nutrient medium and application |
CN111670778A (en) * | 2020-05-29 | 2020-09-18 | 北京林业大学 | Slag matrix and preparation method and application thereof |
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Application publication date: 20200103 |