CN112673926A - Perlite soilless seedling raising substrate and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Perlite soilless seedling raising substrate and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN112673926A CN112673926A CN202110100637.8A CN202110100637A CN112673926A CN 112673926 A CN112673926 A CN 112673926A CN 202110100637 A CN202110100637 A CN 202110100637A CN 112673926 A CN112673926 A CN 112673926A
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- 239000010451 perlite Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 48
- 235000019362 perlite Nutrition 0.000 title claims abstract description 48
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 44
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 16
- 239000003415 peat Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 25
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 25
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 235000013162 Cocos nucifera Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 244000060011 Cocos nucifera Species 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 241000233866 Fungi Species 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 239000010455 vermiculite Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 229910052902 vermiculite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 235000019354 vermiculite Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 235000014676 Phragmites communis Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 239000000440 bentonite Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 229910000278 bentonite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- SVPXDRXYRYOSEX-UHFFFAOYSA-N bentoquatam Chemical compound O.O=[Si]=O.O=[Al]O[Al]=O SVPXDRXYRYOSEX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 239000003077 lignite Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 239000002893 slag Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 239000010902 straw Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 235000021419 vinegar Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 239000000052 vinegar Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 241000334160 Isatis Species 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 244000025254 Cannabis sativa Species 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000004576 sand Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000003640 drug residue Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000008187 granular material Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000001007 puffing effect Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000005303 weighing Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000010231 banlangen Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 abstract description 7
- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 abstract description 5
- 235000013311 vegetables Nutrition 0.000 abstract description 5
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 3
- 235000013619 trace mineral Nutrition 0.000 abstract description 3
- 239000011573 trace mineral Substances 0.000 abstract description 3
- 102000004190 Enzymes Human genes 0.000 abstract description 2
- 108090000790 Enzymes Proteins 0.000 abstract description 2
- 239000003864 humus Substances 0.000 abstract description 2
- 229910052500 inorganic mineral Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 2
- 239000011707 mineral Substances 0.000 abstract description 2
- 235000010755 mineral Nutrition 0.000 abstract description 2
- 230000008635 plant growth Effects 0.000 abstract description 2
- 229930195732 phytohormone Natural products 0.000 abstract 1
- 235000015097 nutrients Nutrition 0.000 description 7
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000003337 fertilizer Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 description 4
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000010903 husk Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000003973 irrigation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000002262 irrigation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000002154 agricultural waste Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003570 air Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000006227 byproduct Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012258 culturing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000013399 edible fruits Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000855 fermentation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004151 fermentation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000001963 growth medium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000014759 maintenance of location Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002609 medium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007935 neutral effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000016709 nutrition Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000035764 nutrition Effects 0.000 description 1
- 210000000056 organ Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 239000005416 organic matter Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000035699 permeability Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003375 plant hormone Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002910 solid waste Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012795 verification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 description 1
Abstract
The invention discloses a perlite soilless seedling raising substrate and a preparation method thereof, wherein the soilless seedling raising substrate is composed of the following raw materials in parts by weight: 30-40 parts of expanded perlite, 2-10 parts of peat soil, 12-16 parts of edible fungus residues, 20-30 parts of coconut residues, 1-4 parts of lignite, 5-15 parts of vermiculite, 8-15 parts of grass peat, 2-13 parts of wormcast, 5-12 parts of furnace slag, 1-4 parts of reed powder, 2-8 parts of diatomite, 1-4 parts of fermented crushed straw, 1.5-3 parts of vinegar residue, 1-5 parts of isatis root residues, 1.2-4 parts of bentonite and 2-4.5 parts of bran. The edible fungus residue, the expanded perlite and various other raw materials are scientifically proportioned and mainly used for raising vegetable seedlings, and the seedling raising substrate is rich in abundant mineral substances, organic matters, enzymes, humus and phytohormones substances beneficial to plant growth, contains various trace elements required by plants, and has huge market application prospect.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of soilless culture, and particularly relates to a perlite soilless seedling raising substrate and a preparation method thereof.
Background
Soilless culture refers to a method for culturing crops by using a substrate instead of natural soil, is mainly applied to the culture of fruits, vegetables or flowers and seedlings, and is a high-yield and high-quality advanced technology which saves water, fertilizer and labor. The substrate cultivation is a mode with the largest popularization area in the soilless cultivation. The root system of the crop is fixed in an organic or inorganic matrix and is supplied with the crop nutrient solution by a drip irrigation or trickle irrigation method. According to statistics, 90% of soilless culture forms in the world are substrate culture. The soilless culture substrate is a growth medium which can provide stable and coordinated water, air and fertilizer structures for plants, and not only supports and fixes the plants, but also more importantly serves as a carrier of nutrients and moisture, so that the nutrients and the moisture from a nutrient solution are transferred, and plant roots are selectively absorbed from the nutrient solution according to needs. With the popularization and application of the soilless culture technology, the demand of the substrate is larger and larger, the types of the substrate are richer and richer, the development trend of subdivision and specialization is gradually presented, the most main types of the substrates at present are seedling raising substrates and culture substrates, and the seedling raising substrates are special substrates prepared according to nutrition and physicochemical conditions required by rooting and sprouting of nutrient organs. With the continuous improvement of the seedling raising level and the requirement, the quality requirement of the seedling raising substrate is also continuously improved.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a perlite soilless seedling raising substrate and a preparation method thereof, aiming at overcoming the defects in the prior art.
The invention is realized by the following technical scheme: the invention discloses a perlite soilless seedling raising substrate which is composed of the following raw materials in parts by weight: 30-40 parts of expanded perlite, 2-10 parts of peat soil, 12-16 parts of edible fungus residues, 20-30 parts of coconut residues, 1-4 parts of lignite, 5-15 parts of vermiculite, 8-15 parts of grass peat, 2-13 parts of wormcast, 5-12 parts of furnace slag, 1-4 parts of reed powder, 2-8 parts of diatomite, 1-4 parts of fermented crushed straw, 1.5-3 parts of vinegar residue, 1-5 parts of isatis root residues, 1.2-4 parts of bentonite and 2-4.5 parts of bran.
As a preferred embodiment of the present invention: the perlite soilless seedling raising substrate is composed of the following raw materials in parts by weight: 32-38 parts of expanded perlite, 3-9 parts of peat soil, 13-15 parts of edible fungus residues, 22-28 parts of coconut residues, 2-3 parts of lignite, 7-12 parts of vermiculite, 10-14 parts of grass peat, 4-10 parts of wormcast, 7-9 parts of furnace slag, 1.5-3 parts of reed powder, 3-6 parts of diatomite, 2-3 parts of fermented crushed straw, 2-2.6 parts of vinegar residue, 2-4 parts of radix isatidis drug residues, 2-3 parts of bentonite and 2.5-4 parts of bran.
As the best mode of the invention: the perlite soilless seedling raising substrate is composed of the following raw materials in parts by weight: 35 parts of expanded perlite, 8 parts of peat soil, 14 parts of edible fungus residues, 25 parts of coconut residues, 2.5 parts of lignite, 10 parts of vermiculite, 12 parts of grass peat, 5 parts of wormcast, 8 parts of furnace slag, 2 parts of reed powder, 5 parts of diatomite, 2.5 parts of fermented crushed straw, 2.2 parts of vinegar residues, 3 parts of isatis root drug residues, 2.5 parts of bentonite and 3 parts of bran.
The invention also discloses a preparation method of the perlite soilless seedling raising substrate, which comprises the steps of crushing expanded perlite, peat soil, edible fungus dregs, coconut husk, lignite, vermiculite, peat, wormcast, furnace slag, reed powder, diatomite, fermented crushed straws, vinegar residue, isatis root dregs, bentonite and bran for later use, weighing the crushed raw materials according to the weight parts of the raw materials, and uniformly mixing to obtain a target object.
The preparation method of the expanded perlite in the perlite soilless seedling raising substrate comprises the following steps:
(1) in the ore processing stage, high-quality ore with few impurities is selected as a raw material, and the ore is crushed and screened to prepare ore products with different grain compositions strictly according to the technical requirements;
(2) before high-temperature puffing, the moisture in the ore sand is controlled below 5% by a preheating means, an external combustion type preheating mode is used for preheating, heating flame is not in contact with materials, the temperature of the ore sand reaches 450-500 ℃ after preheating, and temperature preparation is made for expansion;
(3) conveying the preheated material to an expansion furnace, and rapidly expanding the material to 10-30 times of the original volume in a high-temperature expansion furnace at 1000-1100 ℃;
(4) the expanded perlite granules are subjected to cyclone separator and recovery storage system in sequence, superfine powder and fine powder are fully separated into different product grades through different properties of expanded particles, and the crushed finished products are respectively bagged.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: the perlite soilless seedling raising matrix is mainly used for raising vegetable seedlings by adopting edible fungus residues, expanded perlite and various other raw materials in a scientific ratio, contains various trace elements required by plants, and has a huge market application prospect. The perlite soilless seedling raising substrate adopted by the invention is rich in abundant mineral substances, organic matters, enzymes, humus and plant hormone substances beneficial to plant growth, and is rich in abundant trace elements, and the seedling raising substrate has the advantages of regular seedling emergence and high seedling rate. The seedling raising substrate can reduce the cost and realize the maximum benefit, the wormcast adopted in the substrate raw materials has good granular structure, proper looseness, good permeability, neutral pH value, water and fertilizer mixing and the performance of water and fertilizer retention, the physical and chemical properties of the coconut husk, the expanded perlite and the vermiculite are relatively stable, and excessive holes can not appear after the seedling raising substrate formed by the formula is placed in a tray.
All raw material substances in the substrate are cheap raw materials, and the optimum content of various substances is determined through multiple experimental verifications aiming at different vegetables. The edible fungus residue has the advantages of high content of organic matters and nutrients, small volume weight, large porosity and the like, and is a solid waste with resource utilization. Therefore, the edible fungus residues are used in the vegetable seedling raising matrix, so that the environmental problem caused by agricultural wastes can be solved, and the sustainable development of agriculture is further realized. The coconut coir is fiber powder of coconut shells, is a coconut byproduct or waste after processing, is a pure natural organic matter medium which falls off from the processing process of the coconut shell fibers, can be directly used without fermentation, cannot cause seedling burning, is a renewable resource, and can protect an ecological system from being damaged by using the coconut coir as a matrix raw material.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in detail with reference to specific examples.
Example 1: the invention discloses a perlite soilless seedling raising substrate which is composed of the following raw materials in parts by weight: 30 parts of expanded perlite, 2 parts of peat soil, 12 parts of edible fungus residues, 20 parts of coconut residues, 1 part of lignite, 5 parts of vermiculite, 8 parts of grass peat, 2 parts of wormcast, 5 parts of furnace slag, 1 part of reed powder, 2 parts of diatomite, 1 part of fermented crushed straw, 1.5 parts of vinegar residue, 1 part of isatis root dregs, 1.2 parts of bentonite and 2 parts of bran.
The invention also discloses a preparation method of the perlite soilless seedling raising substrate, which comprises the steps of crushing expanded perlite, peat soil, edible fungus dregs, coconut husk, lignite, vermiculite, peat, wormcast, furnace slag, reed powder, diatomite, fermented crushed straws, vinegar residue, isatis root dregs, bentonite and bran for later use, weighing the crushed raw materials according to the weight parts of the raw materials, and uniformly mixing to obtain a target object.
The preparation method of the expanded perlite in the perlite soilless seedling raising substrate comprises the following steps:
(1) in the ore processing stage, high-quality ore with few impurities is selected as a raw material, and the ore is crushed and screened to prepare ore products with different grain compositions strictly according to the technical requirements;
(2) before high-temperature puffing, the moisture in the ore sand is controlled below 5% by a preheating means, an external combustion type preheating mode is used for preheating, heating flame is not in contact with materials, the temperature of the ore sand reaches 450-500 ℃ after preheating, and temperature preparation is made for expansion;
(3) conveying the preheated material to an expansion furnace, and rapidly expanding the material to 10-30 times of the original volume in a high-temperature expansion furnace at 1000-1100 ℃;
(4) the expanded perlite granules are subjected to cyclone separator and recovery storage system in sequence, superfine powder and fine powder are fully separated into different product grades through different properties of expanded particles, and the crushed finished products are respectively bagged.
Example 2: the perlite soilless seedling raising substrate is composed of the following raw materials in parts by weight: 35 parts of expanded perlite, 8 parts of peat soil, 14 parts of edible fungus residues, 25 parts of coconut residues, 2.5 parts of lignite, 10 parts of vermiculite, 12 parts of grass peat, 5 parts of wormcast, 8 parts of furnace slag, 2 parts of reed powder, 5 parts of diatomite, 2.5 parts of fermented crushed straw, 2.2 parts of vinegar residues, 3 parts of isatis root drug residues, 2.5 parts of bentonite and 3 parts of bran.
Example 3: the invention discloses a perlite soilless seedling raising substrate which is composed of the following raw materials in parts by weight: 40 parts of expanded perlite, 10 parts of peat soil, 16 parts of edible fungus residues, 30 parts of coconut residues, 4 parts of lignite, 15 parts of vermiculite, 15 parts of grass peat, 13 parts of wormcast, 12 parts of furnace slag, 4 parts of reed powder, 8 parts of diatomite, 4 parts of fermented crushed straw, 3 parts of vinegar residue, 5 parts of isatis root dregs, 4 parts of bentonite and 4.5 parts of bran.
Finally, it should be noted that the above-mentioned contents are only used for illustrating the technical solutions of the present invention, and not for limiting the protection scope of the present invention, and that the simple modifications or equivalent substitutions of the technical solutions of the present invention by those of ordinary skill in the art can be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the present invention.
Claims (5)
1. The perlite soilless seedling raising substrate is characterized in that: the perlite soilless seedling raising substrate is composed of the following raw materials in parts by weight: 30-40 parts of expanded perlite, 2-10 parts of peat soil, 12-16 parts of edible fungus residues, 20-30 parts of coconut residues, 1-4 parts of lignite, 5-15 parts of vermiculite, 8-15 parts of grass peat, 2-13 parts of wormcast, 5-12 parts of furnace slag, 1-4 parts of reed powder, 2-8 parts of diatomite, 1-4 parts of fermented crushed straw, 1.5-3 parts of vinegar residue, 1-5 parts of isatis root residues, 1.2-4 parts of bentonite and 2-4.5 parts of bran.
2. The perlite soilless seedling raising substrate as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: the perlite soilless seedling raising substrate is composed of the following raw materials in parts by weight: 32-38 parts of expanded perlite, 3-9 parts of peat soil, 13-15 parts of edible fungus residues, 22-28 parts of coconut residues, 2-3 parts of lignite, 7-12 parts of vermiculite, 10-14 parts of grass peat, 4-10 parts of wormcast, 7-9 parts of furnace slag, 1.5-3 parts of reed powder, 3-6 parts of diatomite, 2-3 parts of fermented crushed straw, 2-2.6 parts of vinegar residue, 2-4 parts of radix isatidis drug residues, 2-3 parts of bentonite and 2.5-4 parts of bran.
3. A perlite soilless seedling raising substrate as claimed in claim 2, characterized in that: the perlite soilless seedling raising substrate is composed of the following raw materials in parts by weight: 35 parts of expanded perlite, 8 parts of peat soil, 14 parts of edible fungus residues, 25 parts of coconut residues, 2.5 parts of lignite, 10 parts of vermiculite, 12 parts of grass peat, 5 parts of wormcast, 8 parts of furnace slag, 2 parts of reed powder, 5 parts of diatomite, 2.5 parts of fermented crushed straw, 2.2 parts of vinegar residues, 3 parts of isatis root drug residues, 2.5 parts of bentonite and 3 parts of bran.
4. The preparation method of the perlite soilless seedling raising substrate according to the claim 1 is characterized in that: the preparation method of the perlite soilless seedling raising substrate comprises the steps of crushing expanded perlite, peat soil, edible fungus residues, coconut chaff, lignite, vermiculite, turf, wormcast, furnace slag, reed powder, diatomite, fermented crushed straw, vinegar residue, isatis root residues, bentonite and bran for later use, weighing the crushed raw materials according to the weight parts of the raw materials, and uniformly mixing to obtain a target object.
5. The preparation method of the perlite soilless seedling raising substrate according to the claim 4, which is characterized in that: the preparation method of the expanded perlite comprises the following steps:
(1) in the ore processing stage, high-quality ore with few impurities is selected as a raw material, and the ore is crushed and screened to prepare ore products with different grain compositions strictly according to the technical requirements;
(2) before high-temperature puffing, the moisture in the ore sand is controlled below 5% by a preheating means, an external combustion type preheating mode is used for preheating, heating flame is not in contact with materials, the temperature of the ore sand reaches 450-500 ℃ after preheating, and temperature preparation is made for expansion;
(3) conveying the preheated material to an expansion furnace, and rapidly expanding the material to 10-30 times of the original volume in a high-temperature expansion furnace at 1000-1100 ℃;
(4) the expanded perlite granules are subjected to cyclone separator and recovery storage system in sequence, superfine powder and fine powder are fully separated into different product grades through different properties of expanded particles, and the crushed finished products are respectively bagged.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN202110100637.8A CN112673926A (en) | 2021-01-26 | 2021-01-26 | Perlite soilless seedling raising substrate and preparation method thereof |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN202110100637.8A CN112673926A (en) | 2021-01-26 | 2021-01-26 | Perlite soilless seedling raising substrate and preparation method thereof |
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| Publication Number | Publication Date |
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| CN112673926A true CN112673926A (en) | 2021-04-20 |
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| CN202110100637.8A Pending CN112673926A (en) | 2021-01-26 | 2021-01-26 | Perlite soilless seedling raising substrate and preparation method thereof |
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Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN114158307A (en) * | 2021-12-21 | 2022-03-11 | 上海辰山植物园 | Improvement method of planting soil |
| CN114586639A (en) * | 2022-04-07 | 2022-06-07 | 中国热带农业科学院环境与植物保护研究所 | Earthworm cast-based seedling substrate and application thereof |
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Application publication date: 20210420 |