CN103664402A - Vegetable seedling growing substrate - Google Patents
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- CN103664402A CN103664402A CN201310709279.6A CN201310709279A CN103664402A CN 103664402 A CN103664402 A CN 103664402A CN 201310709279 A CN201310709279 A CN 201310709279A CN 103664402 A CN103664402 A CN 103664402A
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Abstract
The invention discloses a vegetable seedling growing substrate, and belongs to the technical field of soilless culture techniques. The substrate comprises the following components: coconut shell base stock, alcohol biogas residue, carbonized rice hull, biogas slurry, perlite and vermiculite at a ratio of (15-30):(15-30):(15-25):(0.5-2):(5-10):(15-25), wherein the water content of the substrate is 35-50%, the total porosity is 65-95%, the organic substance content is greater than or equal to 20%, the total nutrient content is 3-5%, the particle size is 0.1-4.9 mm, the volume-weight is 0.2-0.8 g/cm<3>, the gas water ratio is 1:(2-4), the EC value is less than or equal to 2.5 mS/cm, and the pH value is 5.8-7.5. The vegetable seedling growing substrate mainly adopts organic waste as raw materials which are subjected to high-temperature fermentation treatment, the waste is turned into wealth, and the harm is turned into goodness, and moreover, the substrate is low in cost, light in weight, comprehensive in nutrient, is applicable to growth and development of vegetable seedlings, and is a good substrate for vegetable soilless culture industrial plug seedling.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of nutraceutical matrix of vegetable soilless culture, particularly relate to a kind of vegetable seedling substrate, belong to vegetable soilless culture technical field.
Background technology
Soilless culture, refer to the method for cultivating with matrix or nutrition liquid irrigation without natural soil, be mainly used in the arvicultures such as vegetables, it is fertile saving of labor's the high yield and high quality modern technique again of a water-saving, province, this technique functions came from 19th century, start to be applied to agriculture production the thirties in 20th century, the countries use such as Holland, Japan, New Zealand, Italy are more extensive, cultivation technique without soil more than 100 the countries use development in the whole world at present.
China's cultivation technique without soil research is started late with application, but more original cultivation technique without soil is with a long history, and raw bean sprouts, kind narcissus be (just having in the Song dynasty to evening) on the books early.But more regular scientific research and production application are the things of nearly decades.Shandong Agricultural University started to cultivate watermelon, cucumber, tomato etc. with vermiculite in 1975, all succeeded.1985 Nian Hebei province academy of agricultural sciences's Vegetable Research Institute, have held national soilless culture meeting, have set up Chinese soilless culture group, and have held nationwide academic discussion in 1986,1987, and attendant is hundred people nearly.In May, 1988, the annual meeting of the international soilless culture of the Qi Jie association that first Chinese has attended to hold in Holland, and at the meeting delivered paper, caused the attention of a lot of countries.
Substrate culture is most widely used a kind of mode in cultivation technique without soil.It is that the root system of crop is fixed in the matrix of organic or inorganic, by the method for drip irrigation or trickle irrigation, supplies with nutrition and moisture that crop growth needs.Along with applying of cultivation technique without soil, supporting non-soil culture technology is also arisen at the historic moment, Chaoyang District, Beijing City, and the quantity of non-soil culture in 1987, has accounted for 33.5% of the quantity of always growing seedlings, and Vegetables Factory Plantation Growing Seedlings has been realized in many places.Seedling medium is the indispensable raw material of industrial seedling rearing, and it is the dedicated substrate that need to prepare according to seedling development.At present, domestic and international application the most widely seedling medium is that to take peat, rock wool, vermiculite, perlite, mushroom slag, wood sawdust, reed, fine sand, cinder, straw powder etc. be main raw material, formulated with the mixture of one or several raw materials, Chinese patent CN1128573C discloses the Li Ping of Jiangsu Science & Engineering Univ. duckweed etc. and has utilized reed as the license document of botanical seedling culturing and cultivation matrix; Chinese patent CN1244265C discloses Nanjing Vegetalbe and Flower Science Inst. and has utilized Chinese medicine slag as the license document of vegetable seedling substrate; Chinese patent CN100441090C discloses the license document that Ningxia Zhongqing Agricultural Science and Technology Co. Ltd. utilizes the melon vegetable grow seedling ground substance that fermentation cow dung makes for main raw material; Chinese patent CN101433176 B discloses academy of agricultural sciences, Xinjiang and has utilized mushroom slag as the license document of seedling medium, and specifically discloses this matrix components parts by volume and be: mushroom slag 1-3, vermiculite 1-2, perlite 1-2, fermentation assistant 0.0001-0.0005; Chinese patent CN101627706 B discloses Yangzhou University and utilize wormcast as the Patent Application Publication of the main raw material of seedling medium in January, 2011; Chinese patent CN102432394 B discloses Zhenjiang Pei Lei matrix company in July, 2013 and has utilized acid-sludge to produce the license document of seedling substrate for soilless culture for vegetables.
In sum, existing domestic seedling medium production unit is mainly usingd vermiculite, perlite, mud (grass) charcoal and animal excrement, reed, Chinese medicine slag, mushroom slag etc. as seedling medium raw material.Yet peat originates in northeast, resource is tight, can not regenerate, and the enterprise in Jiangsu is used peat cost very high; The particles such as reed, Chinese medicine slag, mushroom slag are large, need grinding and processing; Although animal excrement are nutritious, exist quantity few, collect the deficiencies such as difficulty, be difficult to meet the needs of industrial seedling rearing.The Li Ping of Jiangsu University duckweed etc. utilizes vinegar grain to produce the technical scheme of botanical seedling culturing and cultivation matrix, because of time of proposing relatively early, some production technique are not overripened, and main as cultivation, are not strict special-purpose seedling medium.
Summary of the invention
The object of the invention is for the deficiencies in the prior art, it is main raw material that a kind of alcohol natural pond slag of take coconut shell flour base-material and processing is by fermentation provided, and adds the raw materials such as cripple, carbonization rice husk, produces the scheme of the special-purpose seedling medium of vegetable soilless culture.
Technical scheme of the present invention is achieved in the following ways:
A vegetable seedling substrate, comprises vermiculite, perlite, it is characterized in that: in this matrix components, also comprise coconut shell flour base-material, cripple, carbonization rice husk and the alcohol natural pond slag of processing by fermentation; Wherein the volume ratio of coconut shell flour base-material, alcohol natural pond slag, carbonization rice husk, cripple, perlite, vermiculite is: 15-30:15-30:15-25:0.5-2:5-10:15-25; This water content of substrate 35-50%, total porosity 65-95%, organic content>=20%, total nutrient content 3-5%, particle diameter 0.1-4.9mm, unit weight 0.2-0.8g/cm
3, gas-water ratio is 1:2-4, EC value≤2.5mS/cm, and pH is 5.8-7.5.
Described fermentative processing is in sunlight board awning, adopts bar buttress formula or wheeled fermentation process, and alcohol natural pond slag is carried out to decomposition reactor system processing, and the composting time is 15-60 days, and once, turning in 4-5 days winter once in turning in 1-2 days summer.
Described coconut shell flour base-material is domestic or import coconut palm brick adds water and carries out the material forming after expansion process, and the coefficient of expansion is 4-6, water content 40-50%, particle diameter 1-6mm.
Described cripple is the material of methane-generating pit bottom settlings thing after drying grinding and processing, granularity 1-3mm; Described carbonization rice husk is the ashes that rice husk stays after burning carbonization.
Described alcohol natural pond slag is that cassava raw material extracts the tankage after alcohol, then the residue forming after anaerobically fermenting produces biogas.
Described total nutrient is N+P
2o
5+ K
2o.
In this substrate formula, the volume ratio of coconut shell flour base-material, alcohol natural pond slag, carbonization rice husk, cripple, perlite, vermiculite is: 30:15:25:1:5:24.
The volume ratio of this matrix optimization formula is: coconut shell flour base-material: alcohol natural pond slag: carbonization rice husk: cripple: perlite: vermiculite=15:30:15:2:5:24.
The volume ratio of this another screening formulation of matrix is: coconut shell flour base-material: alcohol natural pond slag: cripple: carbonization rice husk: perlite: vermiculite=26:26:2:16:5:25.
The physicochemical character of this matrix optimization is: water content 45%, and total porosity 70%, organic content 21.5%, N+P2O5+K2O total nutrient content 4.8%, particle diameter 2.5mm, unit weight 0.5g/cm3, gas-water ratio is 1:3, and EC value is 1.8mS/cm, and pH is 6.8.
This preferred fermentation reactor system time of matrix alcohol natural pond slag fermentative processing is 30 days.
beneficial effect of the present invention:
1, coconut shell flour, alcohol natural pond slag are all organic wastes, and quantity is many, and purposes is few, with non-renewable raw material resources such as its alternative peat, for the production of seedling substrate for soilless culture for vegetables, can reduce environmental pollution, turns waste into wealth, and turns harm into good.
2, the present invention by coarse size any coconut shell flour and the alcohol natural pond slag mix and match of fine size, make the existing retentiveness of matrix have again ventilation property, changed the poor deficiency of acid-sludge matrix retentiveness.Meanwhile, using the higher carbonization rice husk of alkalescence is auxiliary material, not only can cushion the potential of hydrogen of matrix, and its potassium content is higher, also has abundant trace element, is well suited for growing of vegetable seedling.
3, the seedling medium that the present invention produces, quality is light, and nutrient is complete, and cost is low, easy to use, can be widely used in vegetable soilless culture industrial hole plate seedling growth.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with specific embodiment, further illustrate the present invention, should understand this embodiment is only not used in and limits the scope of the invention for the present invention is described, after having read the present invention, those skilled in the art all fall within the application's claims limited range to the modification of the various equivalent form of values of the present invention.
embodiment 1:
A vegetable seedling substrate, raw material is the organic wastes such as vermiculite, perlite, cripple, carbonization rice husk and the alcohol natural pond slag of processing by fermentation and coconut shell flour base-material; Wherein coconut shell flour base-material is that domestic coconut palm brick adds water and carries out the material forming after expansion process, and the coefficient of expansion is 4, water content 40%, particle diameter 1-6mm; Cripple is the material of methane-generating pit bottom settlings thing after drying grinding and processing, granularity 1-3mm; Carbonization rice husk is the ashes that rice husk stays after burning carbonization; Alcohol natural pond slag is that cassava raw material extracts the tankage after alcohol, then the residue forming after anaerobically fermenting produces biogas.
This substrate formula component is by volume: 30 parts of coconut shell flour base-materials, 15 parts of alcohol natural pond slags, 25 parts of carbonization rice husks, 1 part of cripple, 5 parts of perlites, 24 parts of vermiculites; This water content of substrate 35%, total porosity 65%, organic content 20%, N+P
2o
5+ K
2o total nutrient content 3%, particle diameter 0.1mm, unit weight 0.2g/cm
3, gas-water ratio is 1:2, EC value 2.5mS/cm, and pH is 5.8.
Alcohol natural pond slag fermentative processing be summer in sunlight board awning, adopt bar buttress formula fermentation process, alcohol natural pond slag is carried out to decomposition reactor system processing, the composting time is 15 days, every turning in 1-2 days once.
embodiment 2:
A vegetable seedling substrate, raw material is the organic wastes such as vermiculite, perlite, cripple, carbonization rice husk and the alcohol natural pond slag of processing by fermentation and coconut shell flour base-material; Wherein coconut shell flour base-material is that domestic coconut palm brick adds water and carries out the material forming after expansion process, and the coefficient of expansion is 6, water content 50%, particle diameter 1-6mm; Cripple is the material of methane-generating pit bottom settlings thing after drying grinding and processing, granularity 1-3mm; Carbonization rice husk is the ashes that rice husk stays after burning carbonization; Alcohol natural pond slag is that cassava raw material extracts the tankage after alcohol, then the residue forming after anaerobically fermenting produces biogas.
This substrate formula component is by volume: 15 parts of coconut shell flour base-materials, 30 parts of alcohol natural pond slags, 15 parts of carbonization rice husks, 2 parts of cripples, 5 parts of perlites, 24 parts of vermiculites; This water content of substrate 50%, total porosity 95%, organic content 22%, N+P
2o
5+ K
2o total nutrient content 5%, particle diameter 4.9mm, unit weight 0.8g/cm
3, gas-water ratio is 1:4, EC value 2.0mS/cm, and pH is 7.5.
Alcohol natural pond slag fermentative processing be winter in sunlight board awning, adopt wheeled fermentation process, alcohol natural pond slag is carried out to decomposition reactor system processing, the composting time is 60 days, every turning in 4-5 days once.
embodiment 3:
A vegetable seedling substrate, raw material is the organic wastes such as vermiculite, perlite, cripple, carbonization rice husk and the alcohol natural pond slag of processing by fermentation and coconut shell flour base-material; In raw material, coconut shell flour base-material is that import coconut palm brick adds water and carries out the material forming after expansion process, and the coefficient of expansion is 5.5, water content 45%, particle diameter 1-6mm; Cripple is the material of methane-generating pit bottom settlings thing after drying grinding and processing, granularity 1-3mm; Carbonization rice husk is the ashes that rice husk stays after burning carbonization; Alcohol natural pond slag is that cassava raw material extracts the tankage after alcohol, then the residue forming after anaerobically fermenting produces biogas; Alcohol natural pond slag fermentative processing is with embodiment 1, and the alcohol natural pond slag fermentative processing composting time is 30 days.
This substrate formula component is by volume: 25 parts of coconut shell flour base-materials, 30 parts of alcohol natural pond slags, 15 parts of carbonization rice husks, cripple .5 part, 10 parts of perlites, 15 parts of vermiculites.
This matrix physicochemical character is: water content 45%, and total porosity 70%, organic content 21.5%, N+P2O5+K2O total nutrient content 4.8%, particle diameter 2.5mm, unit weight 0.5g/cm3, gas-water ratio is 1:3, and EC value is 1.8mS/cm, and pH is 6.8.
embodiment 4:
A vegetable seedling substrate, raw material is the organic wastes such as vermiculite, perlite, cripple, carbonization rice husk and the alcohol natural pond slag of processing by fermentation and coconut shell flour base-material; In raw material, coconut shell flour base-material is that import coconut palm brick adds water and carries out the material forming after expansion process, and the coefficient of expansion is 5.5, water content 45%, particle diameter 1-6mm; Cripple is the material of methane-generating pit bottom settlings thing after drying grinding and processing, granularity 1-3mm; Carbonization rice husk is the ashes that rice husk stays after burning carbonization; Alcohol natural pond slag is that cassava raw material extracts the tankage after alcohol, then the residue forming after anaerobically fermenting produces biogas.
Alcohol natural pond slag fermentative processing be summer in sunlight board awning, adopt bar buttress formula fermentation process, alcohol natural pond slag is carried out to decomposition reactor system processing, the composting time is 30 days, every turning in 1-2 days once.
This substrate formula component is by volume: 30 parts of coconut shell flour base-materials, 25 parts of alcohol natural pond slags, 15 parts of carbonization rice husks, 1 part of cripple, 5 parts of perlites, 24 parts of vermiculites.
This matrix physicochemical character is identical with embodiment 3.
embodiment 5:
A vegetable seedling substrate, raw material is the organic wastes such as vermiculite, perlite, cripple, carbonization rice husk and the alcohol natural pond slag of processing by fermentation and coconut shell flour base-material; In raw material, coconut shell flour base-material is that import coconut palm brick adds water and carries out the material forming after expansion process, and the coefficient of expansion is 5.5, water content 45%, particle diameter 1-6mm; Cripple is the material of methane-generating pit bottom settlings thing after drying grinding and processing, granularity 1-3mm; Carbonization rice husk is the ashes that rice husk stays after burning carbonization; Alcohol natural pond slag is that cassava raw material extracts the tankage after alcohol, then the residue forming after anaerobically fermenting produces biogas; Alcohol natural pond slag fermentative processing is with embodiment 1, and the alcohol natural pond slag fermentative processing composting time is 30 days.
This substrate formula component is by volume: 26 parts of coconut shell flour base-materials, 26 parts of alcohol natural pond slags, 16 parts of carbonization rice husks, 2 parts of cripples, 5 parts of perlites, 25 parts of vermiculites.
This matrix physicochemical character is: water content 45%, and total porosity 70%, organic content 21.5%, N+P2O5+K2O total nutrient content 4.8%, particle diameter 2.5mm, unit weight 0.5g/cm3, gas-water ratio is 1:3, and EC value is 1.8mS/cm, and pH is 6.8.
Other 3 kinds of vegetable seedling substrates of buying on the seedling medium of embodiment 5 preparations and market are jointly for pepper seedling raising, and simultaneous test effect is as follows:
Capsicum variety: Soviet Union green pepper No. 5;
The seeding and growing seedling phase: on December 05th, 2012
Method for culturing seedlings: adopt 72 hole dishes to carry out hole plate seedling growth.
Rearing condition: glasshouse, single span 6m～9m, the high 4m～6m of ridge; Envrionment temperature: according to the process adjustment of growing seedlings, general daytime in sowing time, night was higher than 12 ℃ higher than 23 ℃.The steps such as seed treatment, sowing, seedling management operate according to DB3211/T 130-2008 < < plug pepper seedling technical regulation > >.
1, the seedbed of sowing: prepare enough seed beds according to planting scheme.The seedbed of paving cave dish: the length of two cave dishes of the wide 115cm～120cm(of ridge-up bed), length (30-35) m, leveling makes real bed surface, laying cave dish, filling substrate, every square metre of formalin for seed bed (30～50) ml, add water 3L, spray bed soil, with taking off film after plastics film stifle 3d, sowing after gas disperses.
2, seed treatment
2.1 disinfect
For local Major Diseases, can select one of the following Disinfection Methods:
A) hot water treatment of seeds: seed is put into 55 ℃ of hot water, maintain even water temperature and soak 15min.
B) with 0.1% potassium permanganate solution seed soaking 10min, vernalization after cleaning with clear water.
C) tertiary sodium phosphate seed soaking: first use Seed soaking 3～5h, then put into 10% trisodium phosphate solution and soak 20min, pull out clean.
2.2 presoaking and germinatings: pull out cleanly after seed warm water soaking (8～12) h after sterilization, be placed in 28 ℃～30 ℃ heat and moisture preserving vernalization of germinating box.
3, sowing
3.1 seed quality
Meet 2 grades of above requirements in GB16715.3-1999.
3.2 application rate
By every mu of sowing quantity (40～50) g sowing.
3.3 type of seeding
3.3.1 lively to cave, coil:
When more than 70% breaking mouth (showing money or valuables one carries unintentionally), vernalization seed can sow, first organic substrate in the dish of cave is watered to vola water, water oozes lower rear by the thin one deck that spreads of organic substrate, levelling cave panel surface matrix, then by seed sowing to dish hole, cave, after planting cover organic substrate 0.8 cm-1.0cm.
3.3.2 divide seedling to cave to coil: when vernalization seed more than 70% breaks mouth (showing money or valuables one carries unintentionally), can sow, sow front seedbed and water vola water, moistening to the dark 10cm of bed soil.Water oozes lower rear with the thin one deck that spreads of Nutrition Soil, and levelling bed surface, is then evenly sowed at seed on seedbed.After planting cover Nutrition Soil (0.8～1.0) cm.The soil recession of seedling top is except bed surface coverture, and when seedling grows to 3 leaf 1 heart, minute seedling is to the dish of cave.
4, seedling management
4.1 temperature: Winter-Spring nursery temperature is managed in Table 1.
table 1 temperature treatment in seedling stage index
4.2 illumination: guaranteeing that rice shoot is not subject under the prerequisite of freeze injury, take off as early as possible late lid coverture when grow seedlings in Winter-Spring; Xia Qiu grows seedlings needs shading cooling.
4.3 minutes seedlings: during seedling 2 leaf 1 heart, minute seedling is in the dish of cave.In conjunction with diseases prevention 1000 times of m-tetrachlorophthalodinitriles of spray or 500 times of zinc manganese ethylenebisdithiocarbamates.
4.4 moisture: a minute Miao Shuiyao waters foot.With grow seedlings season or soil moisture content of backsight, suitably water.
4.5 hardenings: grow seedlings early spring, 15～10 ℃ of nights on 18～20 ℃ of daytimes.Xia Qiu grows seedlings and removes gradually sunshade net, suitably controls moisture.
4.6 Index of The Healthy Seedlings: height of seedling 15-20cm, the thick 0.3-0.4cm of stem, 7～9 true leaves, blade is plump, and deep green, generally buddings, and well developed root system is oyster white, anosis pityriasis simplex trace.
5, the prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control
5.1 main diseases insect pests: samping off, damping-off, virus disease, aphid.
5.2 physical controls: use yellow plate trapping aphid in greenhouse.Field hangs Yellow sticky trap or yellow lath (25cm * 40cm), is coated with last layer machine oil, (30～40) piece/667m2 on it.In, hut covers Silver Grey Mulching Film repellent aphid.
5.3 chemical preventions: use chemical control should meet the requirement of GB4285, GB/T8321, the height poison persistent pesticide of forbidding.Main diseases pest control select medicine practical technique in Table 2.
Table 2 main diseases pest control table look-up
5.4 prevention and control of weeds: artificial weeding.
The Hot Pepper Seedling morphological index of 42 days seedling ages of different substrates is in Table 3
Table 3 can find out, the seedling medium described in embodiment 4, and most of indexs are all a little more than other matrix, and test shows, the concrete good result of use of seedling medium of embodiment 4.
Claims (10)
1. a vegetable seedling substrate, comprises vermiculite, perlite, it is characterized in that: in this matrix components, also comprise coconut shell flour base-material, cripple, carbonization rice husk and the alcohol natural pond slag of processing by fermentation; Wherein the volume ratio of coconut shell flour base-material, alcohol natural pond slag, carbonization rice husk, cripple, perlite, vermiculite is: 15-30:15-30:15-25:0.5-2:5-10:15-25; This water content of substrate 35-50%, total porosity 65-95%, organic content>=20%, total nutrient content 3-5%, particle diameter 0.1-4.9mm, unit weight 0.2-0.8g/cm
3, gas-water ratio is 1:2-4, EC value≤2.5mS/cm, and pH is 5.8-7.5;
Described fermentative processing is to take shelter from rain in booth in sunlight board, adopts bar buttress formula or wheeled fermentation process, and alcohol natural pond slag is carried out to decomposition reactor system processing, and the composting time is 15-60 days, and once, turning in 4-5 days winter once in turning in 1-2 days summer.
2. a kind of vegetable seedling substrate according to claim 1, is characterized in that: described coconut shell flour base-material is domestic or import coconut palm brick adds water and carries out the material forming after expansion process, and the coefficient of expansion is 4-6, water content 40-50%, particle diameter 1-6mm.
3. a kind of vegetable seedling substrate according to claim 1, is characterized in that: described cripple is the material of methane-generating pit bottom settlings thing after drying grinding and processing, granularity 1-3mm; Described carbonization rice husk is the ashes that rice husk stays after burning carbonization.
4. a kind of vegetable seedling substrate according to claim 1, is characterized in that: described alcohol natural pond slag is that cassava raw material extracts the tankage after alcohol, then the residue forming after anaerobically fermenting produces biogas.
5. a kind of vegetable seedling substrate according to claim 1, is characterized in that: described total nutrient is N+P
2o
5+ K
2o.
6. a kind of vegetable seedling substrate according to claim 1, is characterized in that: this substrate formula volume ratio is: 30 parts of coconut shell flour base-materials, 15 parts of alcohol natural pond slags, 25 parts of carbonization rice husks, 1 part of cripple, 5 parts of perlites, 24 parts of vermiculites.
7. a kind of vegetable seedling substrate according to claim 1, is characterized in that: this substrate formula volume ratio is: 15 parts of coconut shell flour base-materials, 30 parts of alcohol natural pond slags, 15 parts of carbonization rice husks, 2 parts of cripples, 5 parts of perlites, 24 parts of vermiculites.
8. a kind of vegetable seedling substrate according to claim 1, is characterized in that: this substrate formula volume ratio is: 26 parts of coconut shell flour base-materials, 26 parts of alcohol natural pond slags, 16 parts of carbonization rice husks, 2 parts of cripples, 5 parts of perlites, 25 parts of vermiculites.
9. a kind of vegetable seedling substrate according to claim 1, is characterized in that: this water content of substrate 45%, total porosity 70%, organic content 21.5%, N+P
2o
5+ K
2o total nutrient content 4.8%, particle diameter 2.5mm, unit weight 0.5g/cm
3, gas-water ratio is 1:3, and EC value is 1.8mS/cm, and pH is 6.8.
10. a kind of vegetable seedling substrate according to claim 1, is characterized in that: the described alcohol natural pond slag fermentative processing composting time is 30 days.
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| CN105393835A (en) * | 2015-10-30 | 2016-03-16 | 武隆县登峰种苗有限公司 | Vegetable seedling substrate |
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