CN105198590A - Controlled-release fertilizer for lychee and method for preparing controlled-release fertilizer - Google Patents
Controlled-release fertilizer for lychee and method for preparing controlled-release fertilizer Download PDFInfo
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- CN105198590A CN105198590A CN201510621397.0A CN201510621397A CN105198590A CN 105198590 A CN105198590 A CN 105198590A CN 201510621397 A CN201510621397 A CN 201510621397A CN 105198590 A CN105198590 A CN 105198590A
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Abstract
The invention discloses a controlled-release fertilizer for lychee and a method for preparing the controlled-release fertilizer, and belongs to the field of technologies for preparing fertilizers. The controlled-release fertilizer for the lychee comprises, by weight, 50-150 parts of coating materials and 200-1600 parts of fertilizer grains. The method includes steps of smashing, extracting, filtering, concentrating, fermenting, granulating, drying, cooling, coating and the like to obtain the controlled-release fertilizer for the lychee. The controlled-release fertilizer for the lychee and the method have the advantages that the controlled-release fertilizer for the lychee is moderate and stable in controlled-release speed and is nutritionally balanced, the fertilizer loss rate can be effectively reduced, the fertilizer utilization efficiency can be improved, fast and healthful growth of the lychee can be promoted, and the growth speed of the lychee can be increased; the fertilizer is free of residues in agricultural products, accordingly, environmental pollution can be prevented, and pest and disease damage can be effectively prevented.
Description
[technical field]
The invention belongs to fertilizer preparing technical field, be specifically related to a kind of lichee release and release control fertilizer and preparation method thereof.
[background technology]
China is the lichee country of origin and the first in the world big producing country, and culture area and output account for global 81% and 70% respectively, in the structure of rural undertaking of the lichee main producing regions such as Guangdong, Guangxi, Fujian, Hainan, have critical role.Due to fruit economy and be of high nutritive value, consumption increase severely.For a long time, although culture technology obtains tremendous development, orchard worker applies fertilizer and mostly uses traditional fertilizer.Such as, patent documentation (application number: 201010585728.7) disclose litchi formula fertilizer, it comprises urea 240-260 jin, calcium superphosphate 290-310 jin, calcium magnesium phosphorus 90-110 jin, Repone K 340-360 jin etc., in use there is many problems in these fertilizer, rate of fertilizer application rapidly increases, but the not corresponding growth of output, produce the problems such as Cracking fruit is high, fruit quality is low simultaneously.
In addition, after above Term Fertilization, especially after southern rain-belt is used, wherein soluble inorganic fertilizer can dissolve with fast speed, reduces the effect of Term Fertilization on the one hand, causes fertilizer to waste, also pollute surrounding body in addition.For this reason, people is had to prepare slowly-releasing (controlled release) fertilizer by the mode increasing coating at fertilizer surface.Such as, patent documentation (application number: 201210423975.6) disclose the synchronous Controlled Release Fertilizer of a kind of lichee special nutritional, obtained through mixing by Polymer coated urea, urea, diammonium phosphate, calcium magnesium phosphorus, Repone K and borax, and coated carbamide be polyurethanes reaction film Polymer coated urea, epoxy resin is reacted into membrane polymer coated carbamide or alkyd resin class is reacted into membrane polymer coated carbamide.Even if the buried underground of these Plastic Resins above, also need to decompose decades.Therefore, in the synchronous Controlled Release Fertilizer of this lichee special nutritional, organic coated material usage is many, be then difficult to effectively discharge inner fertilizer, even causes the white pollution of Plastic Resin; And organic coated material usage is few, the soluble componentss such as the urea of infiltration are many, then urea etc. dissolve rapidly after meeting water, and easily make fertiliser granulates form vesicular or disintegration, actual slowly-releasing (controlled release) ability is very limited.
China is a large agricultural country, and agricultural chemicals and chemical fertilizer play very important effect in agriculture production, and along with the raising of people's living standard and health perception, people pay much attention to the security of agricultural-food, increase year by year demand that is nuisanceless, green food.
Current cultural control disease and pest and farm crop institute are to fertilize, mainly use chemicals and toxic pesticides through mix and blend, to be manured into soil or on farm crop, life-time service year in year out, a large amount of agricultural chemicals and chemical fertilizer, cause insect to produce resistance, soil compaction, pollute water source soil and farm crop, agricultural product quality declines, and pesticide residue exceed standard the physical and mental health and the competitive power of agricultural products in China in world market that have a strong impact on people.Therefore, a kind of controlled release rate is developed moderate stable and the fertilizer with Biocidal type is development trend.
[summary of the invention]
The invention provides a kind of lichee release and release control fertilizer and preparation method thereof, to solve fertilizer control release weak effect, fertilizer utilization efficiency is low, a large amount of agricultural chemicals and fertilizer application, cause insect to produce resistance, soil compaction, water source soil and farm crop pollute, agricultural product quality declines, and pesticide residue exceed standard serious and cause the problems such as food safety.Fertilizer control release speed of the present invention is moderate and stable, balanced in nutrition, effectively can reduce the turnover rate of fertilizer, improves the utilising efficiency of fertilizer, promotes that lichee is grown up healthy and sound fast, improves the lichee speed of growth; Fertilizer of the present invention is not only noresidue in agricultural-food, does not cause environmental pollution, and can preventing disease and pest effectively.
For solving above technical problem, the present invention by the following technical solutions:
A kind of lichee release and release control fertilizer, in units of weight part, comprises following raw material: lapping 50-150 part, fertiliser granulates 200-1600 part;
Described lapping is in units of weight part, comprise following raw material: sustained release dosage 30-80 part, binding agent 20-70 part, described sustained release dosage is in units of weight part, comprise following raw material: talcum powder 8-25 part, terra alba 8-20 part, diatomite 4-10 part, wilkinite 4-10 part, peat 4-10 part, primary ammonium phosphate powder 1-3 part, potassium nitrate powder 1-2 part, described binding agent, in units of weight part, comprises following raw material: starch 16-55 part, phosphoric acid salt 3-8 part, oxygenant 0.5-4 part, coupling agent 0.5-3 part;
Described fertiliser granulates, in units of weight part, comprises following raw material:
Herba Anabasis aphyllae 30-310 part, Folium paulowniae 30-3100 part, Root or stem of Hairypetal Millettia 25-190 part, garlic 25-190 part, tea tree 25-190 part, horseradish 25-190 part, yellow humic acid 15-75 part, waste residue 10-40 part, Fushou spiral shell powder 10-40 part, biological bacteria 3-15 part, micro-2-10 part.
Preferably, described phosphoric acid salt comprises one or more in Potassium tripolyphosphate, potassium pyrophosphate, potassium metaphosphate, dipotassium hydrogen phosphate.
Preferably, described oxygenant comprises one or more in Losantin, clorox, potassium hypochlorite, sodium perchlorate.
Preferably, described coupling agent comprise furfural, oxalic dialdehyde, glutaraldehyde, one or more in soluble silane.
Preferably, described waste residue comprises one or more in marc, bagasse, edible fungi residues, sugared slag, acid-sludge, fecula, manioc waste, citric acid waste, soy sauce residues, residue of monosodium glutamate, residue from beans after making.
Preferably, described biological bacteria comprises one or more in vinelandii, brood cell liver bacterium, enzymatic microorganism, yeast, actinomycetes, root nodule bacterium, phosphorus bacteria, B. mucilaginocus, phosphate solubilizing bacteria.
Preferably, described trace element comprises one or more in iron, boron, manganese, copper, zinc, molybdenum.
The present invention also provides a kind of preparation method of lichee release and release control fertilizer, comprises the following steps:
S1: by Herba Anabasis aphyllae, Folium paulowniae, Root or stem of Hairypetal Millettia, garlic, tea tree, horseradish co-grinding, solvent extraction, filtration, concentrate to obtain pesticide-germicide mixture A, in mixture A, add yellow humic acid, waste residue, Fushou spiral shell powder, biological bacteria, trace element ferment, mixture B is obtained after fermentation, by mixture B granulation, oven dry, cooling i.e. obtained fertiliser granulates, described solvent comprise in ethanol, acetone, ether, chloroform, ethyl acetate, ethylene dichloride one or more;
S2: with 20-60 part water by starch furnishing pulpous state, intensification makes system at 45-55 DEG C, the pH regulating starch slurry is 9-10, then phosphoric acid salt, oxygenant is added, 15-25min is reacted under 200-400r/min, then add coupling agent, keep the constant lower continuation reaction 20-50min of rotating speed, obtain starch emulsion; Drying to water content after obtained starch emulsion and talcum powder, terra alba, diatomite, wilkinite, peat, primary ammonium phosphate powder, potassium nitrate powder and 150-750 part water being mixed at 40-60 DEG C is 15%-20%, namely obtains lapping;
S3: the lapping obtained with step S2 is dried to water content≤6% after evenly being wrapped up by the fertiliser granulates lapping that step S1 is obtained at temperature is 50-60 DEG C, i.e. obtained lichee release and release control fertilizer.
Preferably, in step S1, mixture A is concentrated into water content≤20%, and the condition of fermentation is at 40-80 DEG C of bottom fermentation 10-30 days.
Preferably, in step S1, mixture B is dried to water content≤6% at 60-80 DEG C, and cooling the temperature reached is 25-30 DEG C.
Herba Anabasis aphyllae belongs to chenopod, is dicotyledons, has the effects such as clearing heat and detoxicating, antisepsis and anti-inflammation, pain relieving desinsection, can be used for rural area preparation agricultural chemicals of eliminating the four pests--rats, bedbugs, flies and mosquitoes, the use of disinfestation and deratization.
Folium paulowniae extract has antibacterial and antivirus action, propanol extraction thing all has anti-microbial activity, In vitro Bactericidal Experiments proves, Folium paulowniae extract is stronger to streptococcus aureus, Bacillus subtilus effect, extract panlownin and sesamin, kill insect (fly, the mosquito etc.) effect of this binary to pyrethrin and allyl cinerin has synergism.
Root or stem of Hairypetal Millettia dicotyledons medicine leguminous plants, extract bitter, very toxic, there is killing parasites to relieve itching, by effects such as arthritis with fixed pain caused by dampness.
In garlic, sulfocompound has strong antibacterial and anti-inflammation functions, all has suppression and killing action to multiple coccus, bacillus, fungi and virus etc., is the one that in the natural phant found at present, anti-microbial effect is the strongest.
The extract of leaf of tea tree has potent germicidal action, and tea tree can effectively tackle for various fungal infection, can kill streptococcus aureus, diphtheria corynebacterium.
Pungent thing in horseradish has strong antibacterial killing ability, particularly has obvious effect to cholera bacteria, typhoid fever bacterium, colibacillus, diphtheria bacterium, streptococcus aureus etc.
The use of yellow humic acid, not only can increase nutriment in a fertilizer, and effectively can improve encapsulation rate, reduces the consumption of lapping, reduces production cost.
Containing numerous nutritive ingredients in waste residue, the nutrition of demand of plant growth can be provided as fertilizer, Promoting plant growth.
Fushou spiral shell is individual greatly, feeding habits are wide, strong adaptability, growth and breeding are fast, output is high, low price, Fushou spiral shell powder contains rich in protein, carotene, multivitamin and mineral substance, the amino acid that its breaks down proteins becomes can promote root growth, strong sprout, healthy tree, the photosynthetic function of enhancing blade and the degeneration-resistant of crop.
The fertilizer that biological bacteria is made has the function of volume increase, oil recovery enhancement, also has and significantly reduces nitrate in plant materials, nitrite and heavy metal content, improves the effect such as chemical fertilizer utilization ratio and fertilizing soil.
Boron compares and concentrates in stem apex, the tip of a root, blade and floral organ in plant materials, and the content in dicotyledons is usually higher than monocotyledons.Boron can improve the nitrogenase activity of leguminous crop root nodule bacterium, and increase amount of nitrogen fixation, during boron deficiency, root stays undeveloped, affects amount of nitrogen fixation.Boron can also strengthen crop anti-adversity.
Iron is that chlorophyll formation is indispensable, and in plant body, be difficult to transfer, so blade " chlorosis " is the performance of plant iron deficiency, and first this chlorosis shows on young leaflet tablet.
Copper participates in the resistance of the photosynthesis of plant, respiration, nitrogen metabolism, enhancing plant.During scarce copper, plant strain growth is thin and weak, and young leaves turns to be yellow, and wilting withered, blade tip is curling to turn white, and has necrotic spot.
Zinc can promote that crop carries out photosynthesis, and it is the moiety of multiple enzyme, and during scarce zinc, stagnating appears in crop growth.
Containing manganese in plant chloroplast, manganese can promote seed germination and seedling growth in period, affects the accumulation in vivo of the photosynthesis of crop, respiration, nitric nitrogen during manganese deficiency.Show as chlorosis yellow between blade arteries and veins, have brown spot.
Molybdenum is nitrogen-fixing microorganism, necessary when particularly fixing air nitrogen with the root nodule bacterium of leguminous crop symbiosis.Leaf photosynthesis intensity can be promoted again simultaneously.During scarce molybdenum, plant is short and small, chlorosis between blade arteries and veins, and leaf margin is dried-up, inwardly curling, becomes wilting state.
The present invention has following beneficial effect:
(1) fertilizer control release speed of the present invention is moderate and stable, and fertiliser granulates is balanced in nutrition, effectively can reduce the turnover rate of fertilizer, improves the utilising efficiency of fertilizer, promotes that lichee is grown up healthy and sound fast, improves the lichee speed of growth;
(2) lapping increases the element such as nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, calcium needed for lichee growth, controlled release fertilizer in early stage can be avoided not enough, affect the shortcoming of lichee growth;
(3) the present invention uses yellow humic acid, effectively can improve encapsulation rate, reduces the consumption of lapping, reduces production cost;
(4) fundamentally can solve long-term excess and use the problem such as soil organism decline, soil compaction, poor air permeability, soil-borne disease increase that chemical fertilizer and chemical pesticide cause;
(5) fertilizer of the present invention not only noresidue in agricultural-food, does not cause environmental pollution, and can preventing disease and pest effectively;
(6) raw material when prepared by fertilizer of the present invention adopts the rotten Herba Anabasis aphyllae of low price, rotten Folium paulowniae, rotten Root or stem of Hairypetal Millettia, rotten garlic, rotten tea tree, rotten horseradish, waste residue and Fushou spiral shell, thus greatly reduces production cost;
(7) method for preparing fertilizer of the present invention is simple to operate, is conducive to applying.
[embodiment]
Be specifically described below in conjunction with specific embodiment.
Embodiment 1
A kind of lichee release and release control fertilizer, in units of weight part, comprises following raw material: lapping 50 parts, fertiliser granulates 1600 parts;
Described lapping is in units of weight part, comprise following raw material: sustained release dosage 30 parts, binding agent 20 parts, described sustained release dosage is in units of weight part, comprise following raw material: talcum powder 8 parts, terra alba 8 parts, 4 parts, diatomite, wilkinite 4 parts, 4 parts, peat, 1 part, primary ammonium phosphate powder, potassium nitrate powder 1 part, described binding agent, in units of weight part, comprises following raw material: starch 16 parts, Potassium tripolyphosphate 3 parts, Losantin 0.5 part, 0.5 part, furfural;
Described fertiliser granulates, in units of weight part, comprises following raw material:
Herba Anabasis aphyllae 310 parts, Folium paulowniae 310 parts, Root or stem of Hairypetal Millettia 190 parts, 190 parts, garlic, tea tree 190 parts, horseradish 190 parts, yellow humic acid 75 parts, marc sugar slag 16 parts, bagasse sugar slag 16 parts, edible fungi residues sugar slag 14 parts, sugared slag 14 parts, 40 parts, Fushou spiral shell powder, 15 parts, vinelandii, boron 10 parts.
The preparation method of described lichee release and release control fertilizer, comprises the following steps:
S1: by Herba Anabasis aphyllae, Folium paulowniae, Root or stem of Hairypetal Millettia, garlic, tea tree, horseradish co-grinding, ethonal extraction, be concentrated into after mixed solution filter residue water content be 20% pesticide-germicide mixture A, yellow humic acid, waste residue, Fushou spiral shell powder, biological bacteria, trace element is added 40-50 DEG C of bottom fermentation 30 days in mixture A, mixture B is obtained after fermentation, caused by mixture B particle diameter to be dry at 60-80 DEG C after 1.5-2.5mm particle, be cooled to 30 DEG C of i.e. obtained fertiliser granulates;
S2: with 20 parts of water by starch furnishing pulpous state, heats up and makes system at 45 DEG C, and the pH regulating starch slurry is 9, then add Potassium tripolyphosphate, Losantin, under 400r/min, react 15min, then add furfural, keep the constant lower continuation reaction 20min of rotating speed, obtain starch emulsion; Drying to water content after obtained starch emulsion and talcum powder, terra alba, diatomite, wilkinite, peat, primary ammonium phosphate powder, potassium nitrate powder and 150 parts of water being mixed at 40 DEG C is 15%, namely obtains lapping;
S3: it is 5% that the lapping obtained with step S2 is dried to water content after evenly being wrapped up by the fertiliser granulates lapping that step S1 is obtained at temperature is 50 DEG C, namely obtains lichee release and release control fertilizer.
Embodiment 2
A kind of lichee release and release control fertilizer, in units of weight part, comprises following raw material: lapping 150 parts, fertiliser granulates 200 parts;
Described lapping is in units of weight part, comprise following raw material: sustained release dosage 80 parts, binding agent 70 parts, described sustained release dosage is in units of weight part, comprise following raw material: talcum powder 25 parts, terra alba 20 parts, 10 parts, diatomite, wilkinite 10 parts, 10 parts, peat, 3 parts, primary ammonium phosphate powder, potassium nitrate powder 2 parts, described binding agent, in units of weight part, comprises following raw material: starch 55 parts, potassium pyrophosphate 8 parts, clorox 4 parts, oxalic dialdehyde 3 parts;
Described fertiliser granulates, in units of weight part, comprises following raw material:
Herba Anabasis aphyllae 30 parts, Folium paulowniae 30 parts, Root or stem of Hairypetal Millettia 25 parts, 25 parts, garlic, tea tree 25 parts, horseradish 25 parts, yellow humic acid 15 parts, edible fungi residues 10 parts, 10 parts, Fushou spiral shell powder, brood cell liver bacterium 1 part, enzymatic microorganism 1 part, phosphorus bacteria 1 part, ferro element 0.5 part, boron 0.5 part, manganese element 0.5 part, copper 0.5 part.
The preparation method of described lichee release and release control fertilizer, comprises the following steps:
S1: Herba Anabasis aphyllae, Folium paulowniae, Root or stem of Hairypetal Millettia, garlic, tea tree, horseradish co-grinding, acetone solvent are extracted, be concentrated into after mixed solution filter residue water content be 18% pesticide-germicide mixture A, yellow humic acid, waste residue, Fushou spiral shell powder, biological bacteria, trace element is added 70-80 DEG C of bottom fermentation 10 days in mixture A, mixture B is obtained after fermentation, caused by mixture B particle diameter to be dry at 60-80 DEG C after 1.5-2.5mm particle, be cooled to 28 DEG C of i.e. obtained fertiliser granulates;
S2: with 60 parts of water by starch furnishing pulpous state, heats up and makes system at 55 DEG C, and the pH regulating starch slurry is 10, then add potassium pyrophosphate, clorox, under 200r/min, react 25min, then add oxalic dialdehyde, keep the constant lower continuation reaction 50min of rotating speed, obtain starch emulsion; Drying to water content after obtained starch emulsion and talcum powder, terra alba, diatomite, wilkinite, peat, primary ammonium phosphate powder, potassium nitrate powder and 750 parts of water being mixed at 60 DEG C is 20%, namely obtains lapping;
S3: it is 6% that the lapping obtained with step S2 is dried to water content after evenly being wrapped up by the fertiliser granulates lapping that step S1 is obtained at temperature is 60 DEG C, namely obtains lichee release and release control fertilizer.
Embodiment 3
A kind of lichee release and release control fertilizer, in units of weight part, comprises following raw material: lapping 100 parts, fertiliser granulates 900 parts;
Described lapping is in units of weight part, comprise following raw material: sustained release dosage 55 parts, binding agent 45 parts, described sustained release dosage is in units of weight part, comprise following raw material: talcum powder 16 parts, terra alba 14 parts, 7 parts, diatomite, wilkinite 7 parts, 7 parts, peat, 2 parts, primary ammonium phosphate powder, potassium nitrate powder 2 parts, described binding agent, in units of weight part, comprises following raw material: starch 36 parts, potassium metaphosphate 3 parts, dipotassium hydrogen phosphate 2 parts, potassium hypochlorite 1 part, sodium perchlorate 1 part, glutaraldehyde 1 part, soluble silane 1 part;
Described fertiliser granulates, in units of weight part, comprises following raw material:
Herba Anabasis aphyllae 180 parts, Folium paulowniae 180 parts, Root or stem of Hairypetal Millettia 105 parts, 105 parts, garlic, tea tree 105 parts, horseradish 105 parts, yellow humic acid 50 parts, acid-sludge 5 parts, fecula 5 parts, manioc waste 5 parts, citric acid waste 5 parts, soy sauce residues 5 parts, 25 parts, Fushou spiral shell powder, 2 parts, vinelandii, brood cell liver bacterium 2 parts, enzymatic microorganism 2 parts, phosphorus bacteria 2 parts, B. mucilaginocus 2 parts, phosphate solubilizing bacteria 2 parts, manganese element 2 parts, copper 2 parts, zinc element 2 parts, molybdenum element 2 parts.
The preparation method of described lichee release and release control fertilizer, comprises the following steps:
S1: Herba Anabasis aphyllae, Folium paulowniae, Root or stem of Hairypetal Millettia, garlic, tea tree, horseradish co-grinding, ether solvent are extracted, be concentrated into after mixed solution filter residue water content be 16% pesticide-germicide mixture A, yellow humic acid, waste residue, Fushou spiral shell powder, biological bacteria, trace element is added 60-70 DEG C of bottom fermentation 20 days in mixture A, mixture B is obtained after fermentation, caused by mixture B particle diameter to be dry at 60-80 DEG C after 1.5-2.5mm particle, be cooled to 25 DEG C of i.e. obtained fertiliser granulates;
S2: with 40 parts of water by starch furnishing pulpous state, intensification makes system at 50 DEG C, the pH regulating starch slurry is 9, then potassium metaphosphate, dipotassium hydrogen phosphate, potassium hypochlorite, sodium perchlorate is added, 20min is reacted under 300r/min, then add glutaraldehyde, soluble silane, keep the constant lower continuation reaction 35min of rotating speed, obtain starch emulsion; Drying to water content after obtained starch emulsion and talcum powder, terra alba, diatomite, wilkinite, peat, primary ammonium phosphate powder, potassium nitrate powder and 450 parts of water being mixed at 50 DEG C is 18%, namely obtains lapping;
S3: it is 4% that the lapping obtained with step S2 is dried to water content after evenly being wrapped up by the fertiliser granulates lapping that step S1 is obtained at temperature is 55 DEG C, namely obtains lichee release and release control fertilizer.
Embodiment 4
A kind of lichee release and release control fertilizer, in units of weight part, comprises following raw material: lapping 80 parts, fertiliser granulates 1100 parts;
Described lapping is in units of weight part, comprise following raw material: sustained release dosage 40 parts, binding agent 40 parts, described sustained release dosage is in units of weight part, comprise following raw material: talcum powder 10 parts, terra alba 10 parts, 6 parts, diatomite, wilkinite 5 parts, 5 parts, peat, 2 parts, primary ammonium phosphate powder, potassium nitrate powder 2 parts, described binding agent, in units of weight part, comprises following raw material: starch 30 parts, Potassium tripolyphosphate 2 parts, potassium pyrophosphate 2 parts, potassium metaphosphate 1 part, Losantin 1 part, clorox 1 part, potassium hypochlorite 1 part, oxalic dialdehyde 1 part, glutaraldehyde 1 part;
Described fertiliser granulates, in units of weight part, comprises following raw material:
Herba Anabasis aphyllae 240 parts, Folium paulowniae 240 parts, Root or stem of Hairypetal Millettia 130 parts, 130 parts, garlic, tea tree 130 parts, horseradish 130 parts, yellow humic acid 37 parts, fecula 4 parts, manioc waste 4 parts, citric acid waste 4 parts, soy sauce residues 4 parts, residue of monosodium glutamate 4 parts, residue from beans after making 3 parts, 23 parts, Fushou spiral shell powder, enzymatic microorganism 2 parts, 2 parts, yeast, 2 parts, actinomycetes, root nodule bacterium 1 part, phosphorus bacteria 1 part, B. mucilaginocus 1 part, phosphate solubilizing bacteria 1 part, ferro element 1.4 parts, boron 1.4 parts, manganese element 1.4 parts, copper 1.4 parts, zinc element 1.4 parts.
The preparation method of described lichee release and release control fertilizer, comprises the following steps:
S1: by Herba Anabasis aphyllae, Folium paulowniae, Root or stem of Hairypetal Millettia, garlic, tea tree, horseradish co-grinding, chloroform, ethylene dichloride mixed solvent extract, be concentrated into after mixed solution filter residue water content be 14% pesticide-germicide mixture A, yellow humic acid, waste residue, Fushou spiral shell powder, biological bacteria, trace element is added 60-70 DEG C of bottom fermentation 20 days in mixture A, mixture B is obtained after fermentation, caused by mixture B particle diameter to be dry at 60-80 DEG C after 1.5-2.5mm particle, be cooled to 26 DEG C of i.e. obtained fertiliser granulates;
S2: with 30 parts of water by starch furnishing pulpous state, intensification makes system at 55 DEG C, the pH regulating starch slurry is 10, then Potassium tripolyphosphate, potassium pyrophosphate, potassium metaphosphate, Losantin, clorox, potassium hypochlorite is added, 15min is reacted under 400r/min, then add oxalic dialdehyde, glutaraldehyde, keep constant lower continuations of rotating speed to react 40min, obtain starch emulsion; Drying to water content after obtained starch emulsion and talcum powder, terra alba, diatomite, wilkinite, peat, primary ammonium phosphate powder, potassium nitrate powder and 250 parts of water being mixed at 45 DEG C is 17%, namely obtains lapping;
S3: it is 5% that the lapping obtained with step S2 is dried to water content after evenly being wrapped up by the fertiliser granulates lapping that step S1 is obtained at temperature is 50 DEG C, namely obtains lichee release and release control fertilizer.
Embodiment 5
A kind of lichee release and release control fertilizer, in units of weight part, comprises following raw material: lapping 120 parts, fertiliser granulates 400 parts;
Described lapping is in units of weight part, comprise following raw material: sustained release dosage 70 parts, binding agent 50 parts, described sustained release dosage is in units of weight part, comprise following raw material: talcum powder 23 parts, terra alba 17 parts, 9 parts, diatomite, wilkinite 8 parts, 8 parts, peat, 3 parts, primary ammonium phosphate powder, potassium nitrate powder 2 parts, described binding agent is in units of weight part, comprise following raw material: starch 40 parts, Potassium tripolyphosphate 2 parts, potassium pyrophosphate 1 part, potassium metaphosphate 1 part, dipotassium hydrogen phosphate 1 part, Losantin 1 part, potassium hypochlorite 1 part, sodium perchlorate 1 part, 0.5 part, furfural, oxalic dialdehyde 0.5 part, glutaraldehyde 0.5 part, soluble silane 0.5 part,
Described fertiliser granulates, in units of weight part, comprises following raw material:
Herba Anabasis aphyllae 80 parts, Folium paulowniae 80 parts, Root or stem of Hairypetal Millettia 50 parts, 50 parts, garlic, tea tree 50 parts, horseradish 40 parts, yellow humic acid 20 parts, marc 2 parts, bagasse 1 part, edible fungi residues 1 part, sugar slag 1 part, acid-sludge 1 part, fecula 1 part, manioc waste 1 part, citric acid waste 1 part, soy sauce residues 1 part, residue of monosodium glutamate 1 part, residue from beans after making 1 part, 10 parts, Fushou spiral shell powder, 1 part, vinelandii, brood cell liver bacterium 0.5 part, enzymatic microorganism 0.5 part, 0.5 part, yeast, 0.5 part, actinomycetes, root nodule bacterium 0.5 part, phosphorus bacteria 0.5 part, B. mucilaginocus 0.5 part, phosphate solubilizing bacteria 0.5 part, ferro element 0.5 part, boron 0.5 part, manganese element 0.5 part, copper 0.5 part, zinc element 0.5 part, molybdenum element 0.5 part.
The preparation method of described lichee release and release control fertilizer, comprises the following steps:
S1: by Herba Anabasis aphyllae, Folium paulowniae, Root or stem of Hairypetal Millettia, garlic, tea tree, horseradish co-grinding, ethyl acetate solvent extracts, be concentrated into after mixed solution filter residue water content be 16% pesticide-germicide mixture A, yellow humic acid, waste residue, Fushou spiral shell powder, biological bacteria, trace element is added 60-70 DEG C of bottom fermentation 20 days in mixture A, mixture B is obtained after fermentation, caused by mixture B particle diameter to be dry at 60-80 DEG C after 1.5-2.5mm particle, be cooled to 28 DEG C of i.e. obtained fertiliser granulates;
S2: with 50 parts of water by starch furnishing pulpous state, intensification makes system at 50 DEG C, the pH regulating starch slurry is 10, then Potassium tripolyphosphate, potassium pyrophosphate, potassium metaphosphate, dipotassium hydrogen phosphate, Losantin, potassium hypochlorite, sodium perchlorate is added, 15min is reacted under 400r/min, then add furfural, oxalic dialdehyde, glutaraldehyde, soluble silane, keep constant lower continuations of rotating speed to react 30min, obtain starch emulsion; Drying to water content after obtained starch emulsion and talcum powder, terra alba, diatomite, wilkinite, peat, primary ammonium phosphate powder, potassium nitrate powder and 650 parts of water being mixed at 60 DEG C is 15%, namely obtains lapping;
S3: it is 6% that the lapping obtained with step S2 is dried to water content after evenly being wrapped up by the fertiliser granulates lapping that step S1 is obtained at temperature is 60 DEG C, namely obtains lichee release and release control fertilizer.
For verifying the effect of lichee release and release control fertilizer of the present invention, by following experimental verification.
(1) the result of extraction experiment of Wrapped fertilizer
Lichee release and release control fertilizer prepared by Example 1,2,3, and Example 1 prepare without Wrapped fertilizer and with the fertilizer of polyethylene parcel in contrast, be immersed in clear water, at different time water sampling detection fertilizer solubility rate wherein, result is as shown in the table.
As seen from the above table, almost all dissolve at once without Wrapped fertilizer, show not there is slow releasing function; The fertilizer wrapped up with polyethylene, except not having the fertiliser granulates of environmental sealing (encapsulating) in initial dissolving, almost no longer disengages fertilizer thereafter; The encapsulation rate of lichee release and release control fertilizer prepared by embodiment 1,2,3 is higher, and the fertilizer of major part encapsulating continues to disengage later.
(2) lichee fertilization effect experiment
Experiment 1: the present inventor entrusts Nanning to plant lichee company, with lichee release and release control fertilizer prepared by embodiment 1, manurial experiment is carried out to lichee, only use once every year, simultaneously with embodiment 1 prepare without Wrapped fertilizer for contrasting, other planting conditions are identical, plant after 1 year, experimental group is than the lichee mean yield volume increase 11.1% of control group, and lichee sugar content increases by 0.29%.
Experiment 2: the present inventor entrusts Yulin City of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous to plant lichee company, with lichee release and release control fertilizer prepared by embodiment 2, manurial experiment is carried out to lichee, only use once every year, simultaneously with embodiment 2 prepare without Wrapped fertilizer for contrasting, other planting conditions are identical, plant after 1 year, experimental group is than the lichee mean yield volume increase 11.7% of control group, and lichee sugar content increases by 0.34%.
Experiment 3: the present inventor entrusts City: A Case Study in Baise to plant lichee company, with lichee release and release control fertilizer prepared by embodiment 3, manurial experiment is carried out to lichee, only use once every year, simultaneously with embodiment 3 prepare without Wrapped fertilizer for contrasting, other planting conditions are identical, plant after 1 year, experimental group is than the lichee mean yield volume increase 11.3% of control group, and lichee sugar content increases by 0.31%.
To sum up above experiment 1,2,3 known, lichee mean yield volume increase 11.1%-11.7%, lichee sugar content increases 0.28%-0.32%, visible lichee release and release control fertilizer of the present invention, effectively can reduce the turnover rate of fertilizer, improve the utilising efficiency of fertilizer, simultaneously balanced in nutrition, can promote that lichee is grown up healthy and sound, improve Yield of Litchi and sugar degree.
(3) lichee fertilizer preventing disease and pest effect experimental
The basically identical lichee ground of six block specifications is chosen in Yulin City of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous plantation lichee company, be set to lichee ground a, lichee ground b, lichee ground c, lichee ground d, lichee ground e, lichee ground f, lichee is planted on six pieces of ground, wherein lichee ground a, lichee ground b, lichee ground c use same not have the common fertilizer of Biocidal, lichee ground d, lichee ground e, lichee ground f use the fertilizer of embodiment 1,2,3 respectively, calculate with every mu of fertilising 150kg, observe the lichee growing state on six pieces of lichee ground.Result shows: lichee ground a, lichee ground b, the litchi gloss difference that lichee ground c kind is planted, plant is unhealthy, the speed of growth is slow, plant is little, yield poorly, and lichee ground d, lichee ground e, the lichee good luster that lichee ground f kind is planted, plant is healthy, leaf dark green is plump, fast growth, plant is large, output is high, with do not use product of the present invention lichee compared with, every mu of volume increase 715.6-758.2kg, and use the disease and pest in the lichee ground of fertilizer of the present invention substantially not have, visible lichee release and release control fertilizer of the present invention can not only preventing disease and pest effectively, and can be balanced in nutrition, improve edatope, promote that farm crop grow up healthy and sound fast, shorten growth cycle.
Above content can not assert that the present invention specifically implements to be confined to these explanations; for general technical staff of the technical field of the invention; do not departing under concept thereof of the present invention; some simple deduction or replace can also be made, all should be considered as belonging to the scope of patent protection that the present invention is determined by submitted to claims.
Claims (10)
1. a lichee release and release control fertilizer, is characterized in that, in units of weight part, comprises following raw material: lapping 50-150 part, fertiliser granulates 200-1600 part;
Described lapping is in units of weight part, comprise following raw material: sustained release dosage 30-80 part, binding agent 20-70 part, described sustained release dosage is in units of weight part, comprise following raw material: talcum powder 8-25 part, terra alba 8-20 part, diatomite 4-10 part, wilkinite 4-10 part, peat 4-10 part, primary ammonium phosphate powder 1-3 part, potassium nitrate powder 1-2 part, described binding agent, in units of weight part, comprises following raw material: starch 16-55 part, phosphoric acid salt 3-8 part, oxygenant 0.5-4 part, coupling agent 0.5-3 part;
Described fertiliser granulates, in units of weight part, comprises following raw material:
Herba Anabasis aphyllae 30-310 part, Folium paulowniae 30-3100 part, Root or stem of Hairypetal Millettia 25-190 part, garlic 25-190 part, tea tree 25-190 part, horseradish 25-190 part, yellow humic acid 15-75 part, waste residue 10-40 part, Fushou spiral shell powder 10-40 part, biological bacteria 3-15 part, micro-2-10 part.
2. lichee release and release control fertilizer according to claim 1, is characterized in that, described phosphoric acid salt comprise in Potassium tripolyphosphate, potassium pyrophosphate, potassium metaphosphate, dipotassium hydrogen phosphate one or more.
3. lichee release and release control fertilizer according to claim 1, is characterized in that, described oxygenant comprise in Losantin, clorox, potassium hypochlorite, sodium perchlorate one or more.
4. lichee release and release control fertilizer according to claim 1, is characterized in that, described coupling agent comprise furfural, oxalic dialdehyde, glutaraldehyde, one or more in soluble silane.
5. lichee release and release control fertilizer according to claim 1, is characterized in that, described waste residue comprise in marc, bagasse, edible fungi residues, sugared slag, acid-sludge, fecula, manioc waste, citric acid waste, soy sauce residues, residue of monosodium glutamate, residue from beans after making one or more.
6. lichee release and release control fertilizer according to claim 1, is characterized in that, described biological bacteria comprise in vinelandii, brood cell liver bacterium, enzymatic microorganism, yeast, actinomycetes, root nodule bacterium, phosphorus bacteria, B. mucilaginocus, phosphate solubilizing bacteria one or more.
7. lichee release and release control fertilizer according to claim 1, is characterized in that, described trace element comprise in iron, boron, manganese, copper, zinc, molybdenum one or more.
8. a preparation method for the lichee release and release control fertilizer according to any one of claim 1-7, is characterized in that, comprise the following steps:
S1: by Herba Anabasis aphyllae, Folium paulowniae, Root or stem of Hairypetal Millettia, garlic, tea tree, horseradish co-grinding, solvent extraction, filtration, concentrate to obtain pesticide-germicide mixture A, in mixture A, add yellow humic acid, waste residue, Fushou spiral shell powder, biological bacteria, trace element ferment, mixture B is obtained after fermentation, by mixture B granulation, oven dry, cooling i.e. obtained fertiliser granulates, described solvent comprise in ethanol, acetone, ether, chloroform, ethyl acetate, ethylene dichloride one or more;
S2: with 20-60 part water by starch furnishing pulpous state, intensification makes system at 45-55 DEG C, the pH regulating starch slurry is 9-10, then phosphoric acid salt, oxygenant is added, 15-25min is reacted under 200-400r/min, then add coupling agent, keep the constant lower continuation reaction 20-50min of rotating speed, obtain starch emulsion; Drying to water content after obtained starch emulsion and talcum powder, terra alba, diatomite, wilkinite, peat, primary ammonium phosphate powder, potassium nitrate powder and 150-750 part water being mixed at 40-60 DEG C is 15%-20%, namely obtains lapping;
S3: the lapping obtained with step S2 is dried to water content≤6% after evenly being wrapped up by the fertiliser granulates lapping that step S1 is obtained at temperature is 50-60 DEG C, i.e. obtained lichee release and release control fertilizer.
9. the preparation method of lichee release and release control fertilizer according to claim 8, is characterized in that, in step S1, mixture A is concentrated into water content≤20%, and the condition of fermentation is at 40-80 DEG C of bottom fermentation 10-30 days.
10. the preparation method of lichee release and release control fertilizer according to claim 8, is characterized in that, in step S1, mixture B is dried to water content≤6% at 60-80 DEG C, and cooling the temperature reached is 25-30 DEG C.
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| CN108863676A (en) * | 2018-09-12 | 2018-11-23 | 黄益红 | A kind of lichee plantation dedicated fertilizer |
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| CN101182258A (en) * | 2007-11-05 | 2008-05-21 | 山东金正大生态工程股份有限公司 | Special controlled-release fertilizer for sulfur, resin film coated banana and manufacturing method therefor |
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