CN105198588A - Tea tree controlled-release fertilizer and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Tea tree controlled-release fertilizer and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN105198588A CN105198588A CN201510621128.4A CN201510621128A CN105198588A CN 105198588 A CN105198588 A CN 105198588A CN 201510621128 A CN201510621128 A CN 201510621128A CN 105198588 A CN105198588 A CN 105198588A
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Abstract
The invention discloses a tea tree controlled-release fertilizer and a preparation method thereof and belongs to the technical field of preparation of fertilizers. The tea tree controlled-release fertilizer comprises, by weight, 60-160 parts of a coating material and 200-1600 parts of fertilizer granules. The tea tree controlled-release fertilizer is prepared in the steps such as crushing, extracting, filtering, concentrating, fermenting, granulating, drying, cooling and coating. The tea tree controlled-release fertilizer has a moderate and stable controlled-release rate and balanced nutrition, fertilizer loss rate can be decreased effectively, fertilizer utilization is increased, quick and healthy growth of tea trees is promoted, and tea tree growth speed is increased; by using the fertilizer, the problems such as soil organics decline, soil caking, poor breathability and soil-borne disease increase caused by long-term over-application of chemical fertilizers and chemical pesticides are solved basically.
Description
[technical field]
The invention belongs to fertilizer preparing technical field, be specifically related to a kind of tea tree slow-release fertilizer and preparation method thereof.
[background technology]
China be drink tea, Zhong Cha big country, tealeaves annual production occupies the second in the world.According to plantation geographical position and the difference of kind, tea tree can be gathered 2-4 tealeaves for 1 year, therefore needs to keep continual nutrient supply in the process of growth of tea tree, the especially supply of nitrogenous fertilizer, tea yield just can be made to remain on higher level.
For this reason, someone begins one's study tea tree fertilizer at present.Such as, (application number: the special fertilizer 93102872.8) disclosing tea tree blade face, it comprises the urea of 30%-55%, the glucose of 5%-20%, the sylvite of 10%-25%, the zinc salt of 10%-30% and antibiotic etc. to patent documentation.
More composite fertilizer at present.Such as, patent documentation (patent please number: ZL200910016860.3) disclose tea tree organic and inorganic compound fertilizer, it comprises urea 3-15 part, ammonium sulfate 10-30 part, diammonium phosphate 5-25 part, potassium sulfate 5-15 part and to ferment furfural dregs, scarp and differentiation matchmaker and fermentation fertilizer 40-70 part of obtaining by microbial fermentation inoculum.
But after above Term Fertilization, especially after southern rain-belt is used, wherein soluble inorganic fertilizer can dissolve with fast speed, reduces the effect of Term Fertilization on the one hand, causes fertilizer to waste, also pollute surrounding body in addition.For this reason, people is had to prepare slowly-releasing (controlled release) fertilizer by the mode increasing coating at fertilizer surface.Such as, patent documentation (application number: 03128868.5) disclose a kind of tea tree control release composite fertilizer special, it is made up of coated carbamide and phosphorus potassium complex fertilizer, wherein the ratio of nitrogen, phosphorus, potash fertilizer is 1:0.2-0.5:0.2-0.5, and coated carbamide is made up of urea, urease inhibitors, nitrification inhibitor and organic coated material.Wherein organic coated material is polyacrylic acid or urethane resin, even if the buried underground of the Plastic Resins such as urethane, also needs to decompose decades.Therefore, in this tea tree control release composite fertilizer special, organic coated material usage is many, be then difficult to effectively discharge inner fertilizer, even causes the white pollution of Plastic Resin; And organic coated material usage is few, the soluble componentss such as the urea of infiltration are many, then urea etc. dissolve rapidly after meeting water, and easily make fertiliser granulates form vesicular or disintegration, actual slowly-releasing (controlled release) ability is very limited.
And for example, patent documentation (patent please number: ZL00710115645.X) disclose a kind of special controlled release fertilizer for tree plant, wherein still continue above thinking and use thermoplastic resin, still cannot solve white pollution and slowly-releasing (controlled release) hyperenergia or excessively weak problem.Especially the potash fertilizer of this patent, phosphate fertilizer and trace element not coated parcel, and be only be uniformly mixed with thermoplastic resin membrane wrapping urea, therefore almost do not have slowly-releasing (controlled release) ability of this few constituents.
China is a large agricultural country, and agricultural chemicals and chemical fertilizer play very important effect in agriculture production, and along with the raising of people's living standard and health perception, people pay much attention to the security of agricultural-food, increase year by year demand that is nuisanceless, green food.
Current cultural control disease and pest and farm crop institute are to fertilize, mainly use chemicals and toxic pesticides through mix and blend, to be manured into soil or on farm crop, life-time service year in year out, a large amount of agricultural chemicals and chemical fertilizer, cause insect to produce resistance, soil compaction, pollute water source soil and farm crop, agricultural product quality declines, and pesticide residue exceed standard the physical and mental health and the competitive power of agricultural products in China in world market that have a strong impact on people.Therefore, a kind of controlled release rate is developed moderate stable and the fertilizer with Biocidal type is development trend.
[summary of the invention]
The invention provides a kind of tea tree slow-release fertilizer and preparation method thereof, to solve fertilizer control release weak effect, fertilizer utilization efficiency is low, a large amount of agricultural chemicals and fertilizer application, cause insect to produce resistance, soil compaction, water source soil and farm crop pollute, agricultural product quality declines, and pesticide residue exceed standard serious and cause the problems such as food safety.Fertilizer control release speed of the present invention is moderate and stable, balanced in nutrition, effectively can reduce the turnover rate of fertilizer, improves the utilising efficiency of fertilizer, promotes that tea tree grows up healthy and sound fast, improves growth of tea plant speed; Use fertilizer of the present invention fundamentally can solve long-term excess and use the problem such as soil organism decline, soil compaction, poor air permeability, soil-borne disease increase that chemical fertilizer and chemical pesticide cause.
For solving above technical problem, the present invention by the following technical solutions:
A kind of tea tree slow-release fertilizer, in units of weight part, comprises following raw material: lapping 60-160 part, fertiliser granulates 200-1600 part;
Described lapping is in units of weight part, comprise following raw material: sustained release dosage 30-80 part, binding agent 30-80 part, described sustained release dosage is in units of weight part, comprise following raw material: talcum powder 8-25 part, terra alba 8-20 part, diatomite 4-10 part, wilkinite 4-10 part, peat 4-10 part, primary ammonium phosphate powder 1-3 part, potassium nitrate powder 1-2 part, described binding agent, in units of weight part, comprises following raw material: starch 22-60 part, phosphoric acid salt 5-10 part, oxygenant 1.5-6 part, coupling agent 1.5-4 part;
Described fertiliser granulates, in units of weight part, comprises following raw material:
Herba Anabasis aphyllae 30-310 part, Folium paulowniae 30-3100 part, absinth 25-190 part, Herba Sophorae alopecuroidis 25-190 part, bark of official magnolia 25-190 part, aloe 25-190 part, yellow humic acid 15-75 part, waste residue 10-40 part, Fushou spiral shell powder 10-40 part, biological bacteria 3-15 part, micro-2-10 part.
Preferably, described phosphoric acid salt comprises one or more in Potassium tripolyphosphate, potassium pyrophosphate, potassium metaphosphate, dipotassium hydrogen phosphate.
Preferably, described oxygenant comprises one or more in Losantin, clorox, potassium hypochlorite, sodium perchlorate.
Preferably, described coupling agent comprise furfural, oxalic dialdehyde, glutaraldehyde, one or more in soluble silane.
Preferably, described waste residue comprises one or more in marc, bagasse, edible fungi residues, sugared slag, acid-sludge, fecula, manioc waste, citric acid waste, soy sauce residues, residue of monosodium glutamate, residue from beans after making.
Preferably, described biological bacteria comprises one or more in vinelandii, brood cell liver bacterium, enzymatic microorganism, yeast, actinomycetes, root nodule bacterium, phosphorus bacteria, B. mucilaginocus, phosphate solubilizing bacteria.
Preferably, described trace element comprises one or more in iron, boron, manganese, copper, zinc, molybdenum.
The present invention also provides a kind of preparation method of tea tree slow-release fertilizer, comprises the following steps:
S1: by Herba Anabasis aphyllae, Folium paulowniae, absinth, Herba Sophorae alopecuroidis, the bark of official magnolia, aloe co-grinding, solvent extraction, filtration, concentrate to obtain pesticide-germicide mixture A, in mixture A, add yellow humic acid, waste residue, Fushou spiral shell powder, biological bacteria, trace element ferment, mixture B is obtained after fermentation, by mixture B granulation, oven dry, cooling i.e. obtained fertiliser granulates, described solvent comprise in ethanol, acetone, ether, chloroform, ethyl acetate, ethylene dichloride one or more;
S2: with 20-60 part water by starch furnishing pulpous state, intensification makes system at 45-55 DEG C, the pH regulating starch slurry is 9-10, then phosphoric acid salt, oxygenant is added, 15-25min is reacted under 200-400r/min, then add coupling agent, keep the constant lower continuation reaction 20-50min of rotating speed, obtain starch emulsion; Drying to water content after obtained starch emulsion and talcum powder, terra alba, diatomite, wilkinite, peat, primary ammonium phosphate powder, potassium nitrate powder and 150-750 part water being mixed at 40-60 DEG C is 15%-20%, namely obtains lapping;
S3: the lapping obtained with step S2 is dried to water content≤6% after evenly being wrapped up by the fertiliser granulates lapping that step S1 is obtained at temperature is 50-60 DEG C, i.e. obtained tea tree slow-release fertilizer.
Preferably, in step S1, mixture A is concentrated into water content≤20%, and the condition of fermentation is at 40-80 DEG C of bottom fermentation 10-30 days.
Preferably, in step S1, mixture B is dried to water content≤6% at 60-80 DEG C, and cooling the temperature reached is 25-30 DEG C.
Herba Anabasis aphyllae belongs to chenopod, is dicotyledons, has the effects such as clearing heat and detoxicating, antisepsis and anti-inflammation, pain relieving desinsection, can be used for rural area preparation agricultural chemicals of eliminating the four pests--rats, bedbugs, flies and mosquitoes, the use of disinfestation and deratization.
Folium paulowniae extract has antibacterial and antivirus action, propanol extraction thing all has anti-microbial activity, In vitro Bactericidal Experiments proves, Folium paulowniae extract is stronger to streptococcus aureus, Bacillus subtilus effect, extract panlownin and sesamin, kill insect (fly, the mosquito etc.) effect of this binary to pyrethrin and allyl cinerin has synergism.
Absinth bitter, cold in nature, poisonous, there is heat-clearing and damp-drying drug, drive ascarid, stomach invigorating, the effect such as antibacterial desinsection, all have suppression and killing action to multiple coccus, bacillus, fungi and virus etc.
The total alkaloid of sophora alopecuroide extracted in Herba Sophorae alopecuroidis has anti-inflammatory, anticancer, anti-allergic, anti-heart disorder, antiulcer agent, leukocyte increasing, relievings asthma, antipyretic, desinsection, calmness, analgesia, the effect such as antiviral; The external application of Herba Sophorae alopecuroidis powder has suppression or killing action to staphylococcus, intestinal bacteria, suis, fungi, bacterium protein of Gardnerella vaginalis and trichomonad; The killing ability of Herba Sophorae alopecuroidis plant is between neonicotine (Anadasine) and lupin alkaloid (Lupinine), and Tocosamine is Biocidal agriculture the effective elements of the medicine.
The ether of the bark of official magnolia and methanol extract have strong anti-microbial effect to cariogenic bacteria streptococcus mutans (Streptococusmatuans), and its Antibacterial Constituents is defined as Magnolol and Honokiol.Both are 6.3 μ g/ml to the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of streptococcus mutans, and its anti-microbial effect (to streptococcus mutans) is stronger than berberine.The first deduction of the bark of official magnolia divides magnocurarine and Cortex Magnoliae Officinalis volatile oil saturated aqueous solution to have certain bacteriostatic action to streptococcus aureus, sarcina and Bacillus subtilus, and the bark of official magnolia also has anti-microbial activity to pneumococcus and dysentery bacterium.
Aloe contains the multiple nutritional components such as xylogen, aloietic acid, saponin, anthraquinone, aloin, VITAMIN, oxydase, lipase, amylase, Methionin, leucine, Threonine, Isoleucine, phenylalanine, α-amino-isovaleric acid.Extract component tinctura aloes in aloe is the material that germ resistance is very strong, the germs such as energy killing fungus, mould, bacterium, virus, the growth breeding of suppression and eliminating pathogen, the germ class of aloe antibiotic sterilization has: the germ of the diseases such as diphtheria bacterium, tetanolysin, pulmonitis strain, milk-acid bacteria, dysentery bacillus, colibacillus, Bubonic plague bacterium, cholera bacteria and initiation otitis media, urocystitis, pyesis, measles, rabies, poliomyelitis, epidemic encephalitis.
The use of yellow humic acid, not only can increase nutriment in a fertilizer, and effectively can improve encapsulation rate, reduces the consumption of lapping, reduces production cost.
Containing numerous nutritive ingredients in waste residue, the nutrition of demand of plant growth can be provided as fertilizer, Promoting plant growth.
Fushou spiral shell is individual greatly, feeding habits are wide, strong adaptability, growth and breeding are fast, output is high, low price, Fushou spiral shell powder contains rich in protein, carotene, multivitamin and mineral substance, the amino acid that its breaks down proteins becomes can promote root growth, strong sprout, healthy tree, the photosynthetic function of enhancing blade and the degeneration-resistant of crop.
The fertilizer that biological bacteria is made has the function of volume increase, oil recovery enhancement, also has and significantly reduces nitrate in plant materials, nitrite and heavy metal content, improves the effect such as chemical fertilizer utilization ratio and fertilizing soil.
Boron compares and concentrates in stem apex, the tip of a root, blade and floral organ in plant materials, and the content in dicotyledons is usually higher than monocotyledons.Boron can improve the nitrogenase activity of leguminous crop root nodule bacterium, and increase amount of nitrogen fixation, during boron deficiency, root stays undeveloped, affects amount of nitrogen fixation.Boron can also strengthen crop anti-adversity.
Iron is that chlorophyll formation is indispensable, and in plant body, be difficult to transfer, so blade " chlorosis " is the performance of plant iron deficiency, and first this chlorosis shows on young leaflet tablet.
Copper participates in the resistance of the photosynthesis of plant, respiration, nitrogen metabolism, enhancing plant.During scarce copper, plant strain growth is thin and weak, and young leaves turns to be yellow, and wilting withered, blade tip is curling to turn white, and has necrotic spot.
Zinc can promote that crop carries out photosynthesis, and it is the moiety of multiple enzyme, and during scarce zinc, stagnating appears in crop growth.
Containing manganese in plant chloroplast, manganese can promote seed germination and seedling growth in period, affects the accumulation in vivo of the photosynthesis of crop, respiration, nitric nitrogen during manganese deficiency.Show as chlorosis yellow between blade arteries and veins, have brown spot.
Molybdenum is nitrogen-fixing microorganism, necessary when particularly fixing air nitrogen with the root nodule bacterium of leguminous crop symbiosis.Leaf photosynthesis intensity can be promoted again simultaneously.During scarce molybdenum, plant is short and small, chlorosis between blade arteries and veins, and leaf margin is dried-up, inwardly curling, becomes wilting state.
The present invention has following beneficial effect:
(1) fertilizer control release speed of the present invention is moderate and stable, and fertiliser granulates is balanced in nutrition, effectively can reduce the turnover rate of fertilizer, improves the utilising efficiency of fertilizer, promotes that tea tree grows up healthy and sound fast, improves growth of tea plant speed;
(2) lapping increases the element such as nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, calcium needed for growth of tea plant, controlled release fertilizer in early stage can be avoided not enough, affect the shortcoming of growth of tea plant;
(3) the present invention uses yellow humic acid, effectively can improve encapsulation rate, reduces the consumption of lapping, reduces production cost;
(4) fundamentally can solve long-term excess and use the problem such as soil organism decline, soil compaction, poor air permeability, soil-borne disease increase that chemical fertilizer and chemical pesticide cause;
(5) fertilizer of the present invention not only noresidue in agricultural-food, does not cause environmental pollution, and can preventing disease and pest effectively;
(6) raw material when prepared by fertilizer of the present invention adopts the rotten Herba Anabasis aphyllae of low price, rotten Folium paulowniae, rotten absinth, rotten Herba Sophorae alopecuroidis, the rotten bark of official magnolia, rotten aloe, waste residue and Fushou spiral shell, thus greatly reduces production cost.
[embodiment]
Be specifically described below in conjunction with specific embodiment.
Embodiment 1
A kind of tea tree slow-release fertilizer, in units of weight part, comprises following raw material: lapping 60 parts, fertiliser granulates 1600 parts;
Described lapping is in units of weight part, comprise following raw material: sustained release dosage 30 parts, binding agent 30 parts, described sustained release dosage is in units of weight part, comprise following raw material: talcum powder 8 parts, terra alba 8 parts, 4 parts, diatomite, wilkinite 4 parts, 4 parts, peat, 1 part, primary ammonium phosphate powder, potassium nitrate powder 1 part, described binding agent, in units of weight part, comprises following raw material: starch 22 parts, Potassium tripolyphosphate 5 parts, Losantin 1.5 parts, 1.5 parts, furfural;
Described fertiliser granulates, in units of weight part, comprises following raw material:
Herba Anabasis aphyllae 310 parts, Folium paulowniae 310 parts, absinth 190 parts, Herba Sophorae alopecuroidis 190 parts, the bark of official magnolia 190 parts, aloe 190 parts, yellow humic acid 75 parts, marc sugar slag 16 parts, bagasse sugar slag 16 parts, edible fungi residues sugar slag 14 parts, sugared slag 14 parts, 40 parts, Fushou spiral shell powder, 15 parts, vinelandii, boron 10 parts.
The preparation method of described tea tree slow-release fertilizer, comprises the following steps:
S1: by Herba Anabasis aphyllae, Folium paulowniae, absinth, Herba Sophorae alopecuroidis, the bark of official magnolia, aloe co-grinding, ethonal extraction, be concentrated into after mixed solution filter residue water content be 20% pesticide-germicide mixture A, yellow humic acid, waste residue, Fushou spiral shell powder, biological bacteria, trace element is added 40-50 DEG C of bottom fermentation 30 days in mixture A, mixture B is obtained after fermentation, caused by mixture B particle diameter to be dry at 60-80 DEG C after 1.5-2.5mm particle, be cooled to 30 DEG C of i.e. obtained fertiliser granulates;
S2: with 20 parts of water by starch furnishing pulpous state, heats up and makes system at 45 DEG C, and the pH regulating starch slurry is 9, then add Potassium tripolyphosphate, Losantin, under 400r/min, react 15min, then add furfural, keep the constant lower continuation reaction 20min of rotating speed, obtain starch emulsion; Drying to water content after obtained starch emulsion and talcum powder, terra alba, diatomite, wilkinite, peat, primary ammonium phosphate powder, potassium nitrate powder and 150 parts of water being mixed at 40 DEG C is 15%, namely obtains lapping;
S3: it is 5% that the lapping obtained with step S2 is dried to water content after evenly being wrapped up by the fertiliser granulates lapping that step S1 is obtained at temperature is 50 DEG C, namely obtains tea tree slow-release fertilizer.
Embodiment 2
A kind of tea tree slow-release fertilizer, in units of weight part, comprises following raw material: lapping 160 parts, fertiliser granulates 200 parts;
Described lapping is in units of weight part, comprise following raw material: sustained release dosage 80 parts, binding agent 80 parts, described sustained release dosage is in units of weight part, comprise following raw material: talcum powder 25 parts, terra alba 20 parts, 10 parts, diatomite, wilkinite 10 parts, 10 parts, peat, 3 parts, primary ammonium phosphate powder, potassium nitrate powder 2 parts, described binding agent, in units of weight part, comprises following raw material: starch 60 parts, potassium pyrophosphate 10 parts, clorox 6 parts, oxalic dialdehyde 4 parts;
Described fertiliser granulates, in units of weight part, comprises following raw material:
Herba Anabasis aphyllae 30 parts, Folium paulowniae 30 parts, absinth 25 parts, Herba Sophorae alopecuroidis 25 parts, the bark of official magnolia 25 parts, aloe 25 parts, yellow humic acid 15 parts, edible fungi residues 10 parts, 10 parts, Fushou spiral shell powder, brood cell liver bacterium 1 part, enzymatic microorganism 1 part, phosphorus bacteria 1 part, ferro element 0.5 part, boron 0.5 part, manganese element 0.5 part, copper 0.5 part.
The preparation method of described tea tree slow-release fertilizer, comprises the following steps:
S1: Herba Anabasis aphyllae, Folium paulowniae, absinth, Herba Sophorae alopecuroidis, the bark of official magnolia, aloe co-grinding, acetone solvent are extracted, be concentrated into after mixed solution filter residue water content be 18% pesticide-germicide mixture A, yellow humic acid, waste residue, Fushou spiral shell powder, biological bacteria, trace element is added 70-80 DEG C of bottom fermentation 10 days in mixture A, mixture B is obtained after fermentation, caused by mixture B particle diameter to be dry at 60-80 DEG C after 1.5-2.5mm particle, be cooled to 28 DEG C of i.e. obtained fertiliser granulates;
S2: with 60 parts of water by starch furnishing pulpous state, heats up and makes system at 55 DEG C, and the pH regulating starch slurry is 10, then add potassium pyrophosphate, clorox, under 200r/min, react 25min, then add oxalic dialdehyde, keep the constant lower continuation reaction 50min of rotating speed, obtain starch emulsion; Drying to water content after obtained starch emulsion and talcum powder, terra alba, diatomite, wilkinite, peat, primary ammonium phosphate powder, potassium nitrate powder and 750 parts of water being mixed at 60 DEG C is 20%, namely obtains lapping;
S3: it is 6% that the lapping obtained with step S2 is dried to water content after evenly being wrapped up by the fertiliser granulates lapping that step S1 is obtained at temperature is 60 DEG C, namely obtains tea tree slow-release fertilizer.
Embodiment 3
A kind of tea tree slow-release fertilizer, in units of weight part, comprises following raw material: lapping 110 parts, fertiliser granulates 900 parts;
Described lapping is in units of weight part, comprise following raw material: sustained release dosage 55 parts, binding agent 55 parts, described sustained release dosage is in units of weight part, comprise following raw material: talcum powder 16 parts, terra alba 14 parts, 7 parts, diatomite, wilkinite 7 parts, 7 parts, peat, 2 parts, primary ammonium phosphate powder, potassium nitrate powder 2 parts, described binding agent, in units of weight part, comprises following raw material: starch 40 parts, potassium metaphosphate 4 parts, dipotassium hydrogen phosphate 4 parts, potassium hypochlorite 2 parts, sodium perchlorate 2 parts, glutaraldehyde 3 parts, soluble silane 1 part;
Described fertiliser granulates, in units of weight part, comprises following raw material:
Herba Anabasis aphyllae 180 parts, Folium paulowniae 180 parts, absinth 105 parts, Herba Sophorae alopecuroidis 105 parts, the bark of official magnolia 105 parts, aloe 105 parts, yellow humic acid 50 parts, acid-sludge 5 parts, fecula 5 parts, manioc waste 5 parts, citric acid waste 5 parts, soy sauce residues 5 parts, 25 parts, Fushou spiral shell powder, 2 parts, vinelandii, brood cell liver bacterium 2 parts, enzymatic microorganism 2 parts, phosphorus bacteria 2 parts, B. mucilaginocus 2 parts, phosphate solubilizing bacteria 2 parts, manganese element 2 parts, copper 2 parts, zinc element 2 parts, molybdenum element 2 parts.
The preparation method of described tea tree slow-release fertilizer, comprises the following steps:
S1: Herba Anabasis aphyllae, Folium paulowniae, absinth, Herba Sophorae alopecuroidis, the bark of official magnolia, aloe co-grinding, ether solvent are extracted, be concentrated into after mixed solution filter residue water content be 16% pesticide-germicide mixture A, yellow humic acid, waste residue, Fushou spiral shell powder, biological bacteria, trace element is added 60-70 DEG C of bottom fermentation 20 days in mixture A, mixture B is obtained after fermentation, caused by mixture B particle diameter to be dry at 60-80 DEG C after 1.5-2.5mm particle, be cooled to 25 DEG C of i.e. obtained fertiliser granulates;
S2: with 40 parts of water by starch furnishing pulpous state, intensification makes system at 50 DEG C, the pH regulating starch slurry is 9, then potassium metaphosphate, dipotassium hydrogen phosphate, potassium hypochlorite, sodium perchlorate is added, 20min is reacted under 300r/min, then add glutaraldehyde, soluble silane, keep the constant lower continuation reaction 35min of rotating speed, obtain starch emulsion; Drying to water content after obtained starch emulsion and talcum powder, terra alba, diatomite, wilkinite, peat, primary ammonium phosphate powder, potassium nitrate powder and 450 parts of water being mixed at 50 DEG C is 18%, namely obtains lapping;
S3: it is 4% that the lapping obtained with step S2 is dried to water content after evenly being wrapped up by the fertiliser granulates lapping that step S1 is obtained at temperature is 55 DEG C, namely obtains tea tree slow-release fertilizer.
Embodiment 4
A kind of tea tree slow-release fertilizer, in units of weight part, comprises following raw material: lapping 80 parts, fertiliser granulates 1100 parts;
Described lapping is in units of weight part, comprise following raw material: sustained release dosage 40 parts, binding agent 40 parts, described sustained release dosage is in units of weight part, comprise following raw material: talcum powder 10 parts, terra alba 10 parts, 6 parts, diatomite, wilkinite 5 parts, 5 parts, peat, 2 parts, primary ammonium phosphate powder, potassium nitrate powder 2 parts, described binding agent, in units of weight part, comprises following raw material: starch 30 parts, Potassium tripolyphosphate 2 parts, potassium pyrophosphate 2 parts, potassium metaphosphate 1 part, Losantin 1 part, clorox 1 part, potassium hypochlorite 1 part, oxalic dialdehyde 1 part, glutaraldehyde 1 part;
Described fertiliser granulates, in units of weight part, comprises following raw material:
Herba Anabasis aphyllae 240 parts, Folium paulowniae 240 parts, absinth 130 parts, Herba Sophorae alopecuroidis 130 parts, the bark of official magnolia 130 parts, aloe 130 parts, yellow humic acid 37 parts, fecula 4 parts, manioc waste 4 parts, citric acid waste 4 parts, soy sauce residues 4 parts, residue of monosodium glutamate 4 parts, residue from beans after making 3 parts, 23 parts, Fushou spiral shell powder, enzymatic microorganism 2 parts, 2 parts, yeast, 2 parts, actinomycetes, root nodule bacterium 1 part, phosphorus bacteria 1 part, B. mucilaginocus 1 part, phosphate solubilizing bacteria 1 part, ferro element 1.4 parts, boron 1.4 parts, manganese element 1.4 parts, copper 1.4 parts, zinc element 1.4 parts.
The preparation method of described tea tree slow-release fertilizer, comprises the following steps:
S1: by Herba Anabasis aphyllae, Folium paulowniae, absinth, Herba Sophorae alopecuroidis, the bark of official magnolia, aloe co-grinding, chloroform, ethylene dichloride mixed solvent extract, be concentrated into after mixed solution filter residue water content be 14% pesticide-germicide mixture A, yellow humic acid, waste residue, Fushou spiral shell powder, biological bacteria, trace element is added 60-70 DEG C of bottom fermentation 20 days in mixture A, mixture B is obtained after fermentation, caused by mixture B particle diameter to be dry at 60-80 DEG C after 1.5-2.5mm particle, be cooled to 26 DEG C of i.e. obtained fertiliser granulates;
S2: with 30 parts of water by starch furnishing pulpous state, intensification makes system at 55 DEG C, the pH regulating starch slurry is 10, then Potassium tripolyphosphate, potassium pyrophosphate, potassium metaphosphate, Losantin, clorox, potassium hypochlorite is added, 15min is reacted under 400r/min, then add oxalic dialdehyde, glutaraldehyde, keep constant lower continuations of rotating speed to react 40min, obtain starch emulsion; Drying to water content after obtained starch emulsion and talcum powder, terra alba, diatomite, wilkinite, peat, primary ammonium phosphate powder, potassium nitrate powder and 250 parts of water being mixed at 45 DEG C is 17%, namely obtains lapping;
S3: it is 5% that the lapping obtained with step S2 is dried to water content after evenly being wrapped up by the fertiliser granulates lapping that step S1 is obtained at temperature is 50 DEG C, namely obtains tea tree slow-release fertilizer.
Embodiment 5
A kind of tea tree slow-release fertilizer, in units of weight part, comprises following raw material: lapping 120 parts, fertiliser granulates 400 parts;
Described lapping is in units of weight part, comprise following raw material: sustained release dosage 70 parts, binding agent 50 parts, described sustained release dosage is in units of weight part, comprise following raw material: talcum powder 23 parts, terra alba 17 parts, 9 parts, diatomite, wilkinite 8 parts, 8 parts, peat, 3 parts, primary ammonium phosphate powder, potassium nitrate powder 2 parts, described binding agent is in units of weight part, comprise following raw material: starch 40 parts, Potassium tripolyphosphate 2 parts, potassium pyrophosphate 1 part, potassium metaphosphate 1 part, dipotassium hydrogen phosphate 1 part, Losantin 1 part, potassium hypochlorite 1 part, sodium perchlorate 1 part, 0.5 part, furfural, oxalic dialdehyde 0.5 part, glutaraldehyde 0.5 part, soluble silane 0.5 part,
Described fertiliser granulates, in units of weight part, comprises following raw material:
Herba Anabasis aphyllae 80 parts, Folium paulowniae 80 parts, absinth 50 parts, Herba Sophorae alopecuroidis 50 parts, the bark of official magnolia 50 parts, aloe 40 parts, yellow humic acid 20 parts, marc 2 parts, bagasse 1 part, edible fungi residues 1 part, sugar slag 1 part, acid-sludge 1 part, fecula 1 part, manioc waste 1 part, citric acid waste 1 part, soy sauce residues 1 part, residue of monosodium glutamate 1 part, residue from beans after making 1 part, 10 parts, Fushou spiral shell powder, 1 part, vinelandii, brood cell liver bacterium 0.5 part, enzymatic microorganism 0.5 part, 0.5 part, yeast, 0.5 part, actinomycetes, root nodule bacterium 0.5 part, phosphorus bacteria 0.5 part, B. mucilaginocus 0.5 part, phosphate solubilizing bacteria 0.5 part, ferro element 0.5 part, boron 0.5 part, manganese element 0.5 part, copper 0.5 part, zinc element 0.5 part, molybdenum element 0.5 part.
The preparation method of described tea tree slow-release fertilizer, comprises the following steps:
S1: by Herba Anabasis aphyllae, Folium paulowniae, absinth, Herba Sophorae alopecuroidis, the bark of official magnolia, aloe co-grinding, ethyl acetate solvent extracts, be concentrated into after mixed solution filter residue water content be 16% pesticide-germicide mixture A, yellow humic acid, waste residue, Fushou spiral shell powder, biological bacteria, trace element is added 60-70 DEG C of bottom fermentation 20 days in mixture A, mixture B is obtained after fermentation, caused by mixture B particle diameter to be dry at 60-80 DEG C after 1.5-2.5mm particle, be cooled to 28 DEG C of i.e. obtained fertiliser granulates;
S2: with 50 parts of water by starch furnishing pulpous state, intensification makes system at 50 DEG C, the pH regulating starch slurry is 10, then Potassium tripolyphosphate, potassium pyrophosphate, potassium metaphosphate, dipotassium hydrogen phosphate, Losantin, potassium hypochlorite, sodium perchlorate is added, 15min is reacted under 400r/min, then add furfural, oxalic dialdehyde, glutaraldehyde, soluble silane, keep constant lower continuations of rotating speed to react 30min, obtain starch emulsion; Drying to water content after obtained starch emulsion and talcum powder, terra alba, diatomite, wilkinite, peat, primary ammonium phosphate powder, potassium nitrate powder and 650 parts of water being mixed at 60 DEG C is 15%, namely obtains lapping;
S3: it is 6% that the lapping obtained with step S2 is dried to water content after evenly being wrapped up by the fertiliser granulates lapping that step S1 is obtained at temperature is 60 DEG C, namely obtains tea tree slow-release fertilizer.
For verifying the effect of tea tree slow-release fertilizer of the present invention, by following experimental verification.
(1) the result of extraction experiment of Wrapped fertilizer
Tea tree slow-release fertilizer prepared by Example 1,2,3, and Example 1 prepare without Wrapped fertilizer and with the fertilizer of polyethylene parcel in contrast, be immersed in clear water, at different time water sampling detection fertilizer solubility rate wherein, result is as shown in the table.
As seen from the above table, almost all dissolve at once without Wrapped fertilizer, show not there is slow releasing function; The fertilizer wrapped up with polyethylene, except not having the fertiliser granulates of environmental sealing (encapsulating) in initial dissolving, almost no longer disengages fertilizer thereafter; The encapsulation rate of tea tree slow-release fertilizer prepared by embodiment 1,2,3 is higher, and the fertilizer of major part encapsulating continues to disengage later.
(2) tea tree fertilization effect experiment
Experiment 1: the present inventor entrusts Guigang, Guangxi to plant tea tree company, with tea tree slow-release fertilizer prepared by embodiment 1, manurial experiment is carried out to tea tree, use once before the spring sprouts for annual, simultaneously with embodiment 1 prepare without Wrapped fertilizer for contrasting, other planting conditions are identical, plant after 1 year, experimental group is higher by 13.8% than the tealeaves mean yield of control group.
Experiment 2: the present inventor entrusts Nanning to plant tea tree company, with tea tree slow-release fertilizer prepared by embodiment 2, manurial experiment is carried out to tea tree, use once before the spring sprouts for annual, simultaneously with embodiment 2 prepare without Wrapped fertilizer for contrasting, other planting conditions are identical, plant after 1 year, experimental group is higher by 14.5% than the tealeaves mean yield of control group.
Experiment 3: the present inventor entrusts City: A Case Study in Baise to plant tea tree company, with tea tree slow-release fertilizer prepared by embodiment 3, manurial experiment is carried out to tea tree, use once before the spring sprouts for annual, simultaneously with embodiment 3 prepare without Wrapped fertilizer for contrasting, other planting conditions are identical, plant after 1 year, experimental group is higher by 14.1% than the tealeaves mean yield of control group.
To sum up above experiment 1,2,3 known, tealeaves mean yield improves 13.8%-14.5%, visible tea tree slow-release fertilizer of the present invention, effectively can reduce the turnover rate of fertilizer, improve the utilising efficiency of fertilizer, simultaneously balanced in nutrition, can promote that tea tree grows up healthy and sound, improve growth of tea plant speed.
(3) tea tree fertilizer preventing disease and pest effect experimental
The basically identical tea tree ground of six block specifications is chosen in Nanning plantation tea tree company, be set to tea tree ground a, tea tree ground b, tea tree ground c, tea tree ground d, tea tree ground e, tea tree ground f, tea tree is planted on six pieces of ground, wherein tea tree ground a, tea tree ground b, tea tree ground c use same not have the common fertilizer of Biocidal, tea tree ground d, tea tree ground e, tea tree ground f use the fertilizer of embodiment 1,2,3 respectively, calculate with every mu of fertilising 150kg, through 60 days, observe the growth of tea plant situation on six pieces of tea tree ground.Result shows: tea tree ground a, tea tree ground b, the tea tree tree gloss difference that tea tree ground c kind is planted, plant is unhealthy, the speed of growth is slow, plant is little, yield poorly, and tea tree ground d, tea tree ground e, the tea tree good luster that tea tree ground f kind is planted, plant is healthy, leaf dark green is plump, fast growth, plant is large, output is high, with do not use product of the present invention tea tree compared with, every mu of volume increase fresh tea 105.6-139.2kg, and use the disease and pest in the tea tree ground of fertilizer of the present invention substantially not have, visible tea tree slow-release fertilizer of the present invention can not only preventing disease and pest effectively, and can be balanced in nutrition, improve edatope, promote that farm crop grow up healthy and sound fast, shorten growth cycle.
Above content can not assert that the present invention specifically implements to be confined to these explanations; for general technical staff of the technical field of the invention; do not departing under concept thereof of the present invention; some simple deduction or replace can also be made, all should be considered as belonging to the scope of patent protection that the present invention is determined by submitted to claims.
Claims (10)
1. a tea tree slow-release fertilizer, is characterized in that, in units of weight part, comprises following raw material: lapping 60-160 part, fertiliser granulates 200-1600 part;
Described lapping is in units of weight part, comprise following raw material: sustained release dosage 30-80 part, binding agent 30-80 part, described sustained release dosage is in units of weight part, comprise following raw material: talcum powder 8-25 part, terra alba 8-20 part, diatomite 4-10 part, wilkinite 4-10 part, peat 4-10 part, primary ammonium phosphate powder 1-3 part, potassium nitrate powder 1-2 part, described binding agent, in units of weight part, comprises following raw material: starch 22-60 part, phosphoric acid salt 5-10 part, oxygenant 1.5-6 part, coupling agent 1.5-4 part;
Described fertiliser granulates, in units of weight part, comprises following raw material:
Herba Anabasis aphyllae 30-310 part, Folium paulowniae 30-3100 part, absinth 25-190 part, Herba Sophorae alopecuroidis 25-190 part, bark of official magnolia 25-190 part, aloe 25-190 part, yellow humic acid 15-75 part, waste residue 10-40 part, Fushou spiral shell powder 10-40 part, biological bacteria 3-15 part, micro-2-10 part.
2. tea tree slow-release fertilizer according to claim 1, is characterized in that, described phosphoric acid salt comprise in Potassium tripolyphosphate, potassium pyrophosphate, potassium metaphosphate, dipotassium hydrogen phosphate one or more.
3. tea tree slow-release fertilizer according to claim 1, is characterized in that, described oxygenant comprise in Losantin, clorox, potassium hypochlorite, sodium perchlorate one or more.
4. tea tree slow-release fertilizer according to claim 1, is characterized in that, described coupling agent comprise furfural, oxalic dialdehyde, glutaraldehyde, one or more in soluble silane.
5. tea tree slow-release fertilizer according to claim 1, is characterized in that, described waste residue comprise in marc, bagasse, edible fungi residues, sugared slag, acid-sludge, fecula, manioc waste, citric acid waste, soy sauce residues, residue of monosodium glutamate, residue from beans after making one or more.
6. tea tree slow-release fertilizer according to claim 1, is characterized in that, described biological bacteria comprise in vinelandii, brood cell liver bacterium, enzymatic microorganism, yeast, actinomycetes, root nodule bacterium, phosphorus bacteria, B. mucilaginocus, phosphate solubilizing bacteria one or more.
7. tea tree slow-release fertilizer according to claim 1, is characterized in that, described trace element comprise in iron, boron, manganese, copper, zinc, molybdenum one or more.
8. a preparation method for the tea tree slow-release fertilizer according to any one of claim 1-7, is characterized in that, comprise the following steps:
S1: by Herba Anabasis aphyllae, Folium paulowniae, absinth, Herba Sophorae alopecuroidis, the bark of official magnolia, aloe co-grinding, solvent extraction, filtration, concentrate to obtain pesticide-germicide mixture A, in mixture A, add yellow humic acid, waste residue, Fushou spiral shell powder, biological bacteria, trace element ferment, mixture B is obtained after fermentation, by mixture B granulation, oven dry, cooling i.e. obtained fertiliser granulates, described solvent comprise in ethanol, acetone, ether, chloroform, ethyl acetate, ethylene dichloride one or more;
S2: with 20-60 part water by starch furnishing pulpous state, intensification makes system at 45-55 DEG C, the pH regulating starch slurry is 9-10, then phosphoric acid salt, oxygenant is added, 15-25min is reacted under 200-400r/min, then add coupling agent, keep the constant lower continuation reaction 20-50min of rotating speed, obtain starch emulsion; Drying to water content after obtained starch emulsion and talcum powder, terra alba, diatomite, wilkinite, peat, primary ammonium phosphate powder, potassium nitrate powder and 150-750 part water being mixed at 40-60 DEG C is 15%-20%, namely obtains lapping;
S3: the lapping obtained with step S2 is dried to water content≤6% after evenly being wrapped up by the fertiliser granulates lapping that step S1 is obtained at temperature is 50-60 DEG C, i.e. obtained tea tree slow-release fertilizer.
9. the preparation method of tea tree slow-release fertilizer according to claim 8, is characterized in that, in step S1, mixture A is concentrated into water content≤20%, and the condition of fermentation is at 40-80 DEG C of bottom fermentation 10-30 days.
10. the preparation method of tea tree slow-release fertilizer according to claim 8, is characterized in that, in step S1, mixture B is dried to water content≤6% at 60-80 DEG C, and cooling the temperature reached is 25-30 DEG C.
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| CN106631550A (en) * | 2016-10-10 | 2017-05-10 | 韦波 | Biological insect-killing type controlled-release fertilizer for asparagus cochinchinensis |
| CN106631549A (en) * | 2016-10-10 | 2017-05-10 | 韦波 | Asparagus cochinchinensis biological insecticide type controlled-release fertilizer |
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Application publication date: 20151230 |