CN105418220A - Specific insecticide-fertilizer package for jinxiang garlic high-yield cultivation and application method thereof - Google Patents
Specific insecticide-fertilizer package for jinxiang garlic high-yield cultivation and application method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN105418220A CN105418220A CN201510863085.0A CN201510863085A CN105418220A CN 105418220 A CN105418220 A CN 105418220A CN 201510863085 A CN201510863085 A CN 201510863085A CN 105418220 A CN105418220 A CN 105418220A
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- fertilizer
- mass
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- percent
- parts
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- 235000004611 garlic Nutrition 0.000 title claims abstract description 154
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 14
- 244000245420 ail Species 0.000 title 1
- 240000002234 Allium sativum Species 0.000 claims abstract description 153
- 239000000575 pesticide Substances 0.000 claims description 57
- ATROHALUCMTWTB-OWBHPGMISA-N phoxim Chemical compound CCOP(=S)(OCC)O\N=C(\C#N)C1=CC=CC=C1 ATROHALUCMTWTB-OWBHPGMISA-N 0.000 claims description 43
- 229950001664 phoxim Drugs 0.000 claims description 43
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 30
- 239000011573 trace mineral Substances 0.000 claims description 30
- 235000013619 trace mineral Nutrition 0.000 claims description 30
- 235000015097 nutrients Nutrition 0.000 claims description 28
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 28
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 claims description 27
- 239000004563 wettable powder Substances 0.000 claims description 26
- 239000005660 Abamectin Substances 0.000 claims description 20
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 20
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 claims description 20
- QJZYHAIUNVAGQP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-nitrobicyclo[2.2.1]hept-5-ene-2,3-dicarboxylic acid Chemical compound C1C2C=CC1C(C(=O)O)C2(C(O)=O)[N+]([O-])=O QJZYHAIUNVAGQP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 18
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 claims description 18
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 18
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 claims description 18
- 239000004021 humic acid Substances 0.000 claims description 18
- 239000003895 organic fertilizer Substances 0.000 claims description 17
- 238000005728 strengthening Methods 0.000 claims description 17
- IBSREHMXUMOFBB-JFUDTMANSA-N 5u8924t11h Chemical compound O1[C@@H](C)[C@H](O)[C@@H](OC)C[C@@H]1O[C@@H]1[C@@H](OC)C[C@H](O[C@@H]2C(=C/C[C@@H]3C[C@@H](C[C@@]4(O3)C=C[C@H](C)[C@@H](C(C)C)O4)OC(=O)[C@@H]3C=C(C)[C@@H](O)[C@H]4OC\C([C@@]34O)=C/C=C/[C@@H]2C)/C)O[C@H]1C.C1=C[C@H](C)[C@@H]([C@@H](C)CC)O[C@]11O[C@H](C\C=C(C)\[C@@H](O[C@@H]2O[C@@H](C)[C@H](O[C@@H]3O[C@@H](C)[C@H](O)[C@@H](OC)C3)[C@@H](OC)C2)[C@@H](C)\C=C\C=C/2[C@]3([C@H](C(=O)O4)C=C(C)[C@@H](O)[C@H]3OC\2)O)C[C@H]4C1 IBSREHMXUMOFBB-JFUDTMANSA-N 0.000 claims description 16
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- VTYYLEPIZMXCLO-UHFFFAOYSA-L Calcium carbonate Chemical compound [Ca+2].[O-]C([O-])=O VTYYLEPIZMXCLO-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 12
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- OTYBMLCTZGSZBG-UHFFFAOYSA-L potassium sulfate Chemical class [K+].[K+].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O OTYBMLCTZGSZBG-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 12
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- WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L manganese(2+);methyl n-[[2-(methoxycarbonylcarbamothioylamino)phenyl]carbamothioyl]carbamate;n-[2-(sulfidocarbothioylamino)ethyl]carbamodithioate Chemical compound [Mn+2].[S-]C(=S)NCCNC([S-])=S.COC(=O)NC(=S)NC1=CC=CC=C1NC(=S)NC(=O)OC WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 6
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- 239000000375 suspending agent Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- PWWVAXIEGOYWEE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Isophenergan Chemical compound C1=CC=C2N(CC(C)N(C)C)C3=CC=CC=C3SC2=C1 PWWVAXIEGOYWEE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
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- TVLSRXXIMLFWEO-UHFFFAOYSA-N prochloraz Chemical compound C1=CN=CN1C(=O)N(CCC)CCOC1=C(Cl)C=C(Cl)C=C1Cl TVLSRXXIMLFWEO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
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- 239000004480 active ingredient Substances 0.000 claims description 3
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- 238000011010 flushing procedure Methods 0.000 claims description 3
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- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon dioxide Inorganic materials O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
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- MNNHAPBLZZVQHP-UHFFFAOYSA-N diammonium hydrogen phosphate Chemical compound [NH4+].[NH4+].OP([O-])([O-])=O MNNHAPBLZZVQHP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910000388 diammonium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000019838 diammonium phosphate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- BQYJATMQXGBDHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N difenoconazole Chemical compound O1C(C)COC1(C=1C(=CC(OC=2C=CC(Cl)=CC=2)=CC=1)Cl)CN1N=CN=C1 BQYJATMQXGBDHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 235000013399 edible fruits Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011790 ferrous sulphate Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 235000013402 health food Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000005556 hormone Substances 0.000 description 1
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- BAUYGSIQEAFULO-UHFFFAOYSA-L iron(2+) sulfate (anhydrous) Chemical compound [Fe+2].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O BAUYGSIQEAFULO-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
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- 229910052939 potassium sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000011151 potassium sulphates Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000001737 promoting effect Effects 0.000 description 1
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- 239000007858 starting material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001502 supplementing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
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- DPJRMOMPQZCRJU-UHFFFAOYSA-M thiamine hydrochloride Chemical compound Cl.[Cl-].CC1=C(CCO)SC=[N+]1CC1=CN=C(C)N=C1N DPJRMOMPQZCRJU-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 238000003971 tillage Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 231100000419 toxicity Toxicity 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G13/00—Protecting plants
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N43/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds
- A01N43/02—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with one or more oxygen or sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms
- A01N43/04—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with one or more oxygen or sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms with one hetero atom
- A01N43/22—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with one or more oxygen or sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms with one hetero atom rings with more than six members
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N43/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds
- A01N43/34—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom
- A01N43/36—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom five-membered rings
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05C—NITROGENOUS FERTILISERS
- C05C11/00—Other nitrogenous fertilisers
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05D—INORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C; FERTILISERS PRODUCING CARBON DIOXIDE
- C05D1/00—Fertilisers containing potassium
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05D—INORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C; FERTILISERS PRODUCING CARBON DIOXIDE
- C05D1/00—Fertilisers containing potassium
- C05D1/02—Manufacture from potassium chloride or sulfate or double or mixed salts thereof
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
- C05G3/60—Biocides or preservatives, e.g. disinfectants, pesticides or herbicides; Pest repellants or attractants
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
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Abstract
The invention discloses a specific insecticide-fertilizer package for jinxiang garlic high-yield cultivation and an application method thereof. The insecticide-fertilizer package is prepared from the following components in parts by mass: 151-353 parts of basic insecticide-fertilizer, 0.1-0.2 part of seed dressing insecticide, 3-7 parts of strong seedling insecticide, 5-9 parts of bolting fertilizer and 5-10 parts of garlic expanding insecticide. The invention further provides an application method of the specific insecticide-fertilizer package. The specific insecticide-fertilizer package for jinxiang garlic high-yield cultivation can be used for reducing occurrence of diseases and insect pests and improving the garlic quality, and the yield of young garlic shoots and the yield of garlic are respectively increased by 5.8-13.7 percent and 16.4-32.3 percent in comparison with those of a conventional cultivation management mode.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of vegetable cultivation, in particular to a package medical fertilizer special for high-yield cultivation of Jinxiang garlic and an application method thereof.
Background
The garlic belongs to Allium of Liliaceae, is rich in nutrition, contains allicin with bactericidal effect, and contains alliamine which has a much stronger benefit on brain than vitamin B. The growth period of garlic has three important stages, namely garlic sprout in seedling stage, garlic bolt in middle growth stage and garlic bulb in mature stage, and products in each stage can be collected and sold as products. The producer can flexibly harvest according to the weather conditions, the crop growth conditions and the market conditions of the current year, so that the planting risk can be avoided, and the maximum benefit is realized.
The Jinxiang garlic is white-skin garlic introduced by Russia in Jinxiang county of Shandong Jinning, is large in garlic head, is well-shaped, is not easy to crack, has low fiber content, is fine and smooth in taste, is crispy and delicious, and has pure peppery taste. The Jinxiang garlic has extremely high nutritive value, the content of vitamin B1 is 2-4 times higher than that of other production areas, and the content of diallyl monosulfide which has good prevention and treatment effects on cancers also belongs to the best of the world, and is called as the best natural antibiotic product and health food by experts. The annual average yield of the garlic in Jinxiang is about 100 ten thousand tons, the export amount accounts for more than 70 percent of the whole country, and the garlic has high popularity in domestic and foreign markets. After more than 20 years of garlic cultivation, the cultivation technology of the garlic in Jinxiang China is improved day by day, a whole set of complete cultivation management system is formed, and the acre yield is stabilized at 1000-1500 kg. However, due to continuous cropping and sitting, the production of jinxiang garlic now faces many problems. Continuous cropping causes continuous sitting disorder, which is manifested by poor growth potential of garlic, premature senility of plants, nutrient deficiency, serious field diseases and reduced yield and quality. In addition, due to the self-reason and poor management of garlic, the garlic has the degeneration of the properties, which is represented by the dwarfing of plants, the increase of the proportion of small-clove garlic to single-clove garlic and the lower yield.
Research finds that scientific fertilization is a powerful measure for overcoming sedentary disorders and sexual degeneration. The organic fertilizer and the medium and trace element fertilizer are reasonably applied, so that the soil structure can be improved, the nutrient deficiency of the garlic can be supplemented, the growth of the garlic can be promoted, and the sedentary obstacle and the sexual degeneration can be overcome. In addition, different growing periods of garlic tend to be infected with different diseases, such as seedling stage of garlic, growing period of stems and leaves, susceptibility to stem and leaf diseases such as leaf blight, rust spot and the like; in the expansion period of the garlic, the garlic grows and easily attracts soil garlic maggots. Therefore, nutrients are supplemented in several key growth periods of the garlic, and meanwhile, the pesticide and/or bactericide with targeted control effect is applied in a matched manner, so that the garlic diseases and insect pests can be effectively controlled, and the yield and the quality of crops are improved. However, a special package medical fertilizer technology for preventing and treating garlic diseases and insect pests and promoting high yield of garlic is not available at present.
At present, the prior art on garlic fertilizers is numerous. Such as: chinese patent document CN102020497A discloses a special organic-inorganic fertilizer for jinxiang garlic, which is prepared by precisely compounding an oil residue acidolysis product with urea, diammonium phosphate, potassium sulfate, zinc sulfate and ferrous sulfate, and is reasonable in organic and inorganic fertilizer matching, suitable for soil conditions in jinxiang garlic production areas and nutrient requirement rules of jinxiang garlic, and capable of improving the yield and quality of garlic by one-time application during sowing of garlic in autumn. Chinese patent document CN103733856A discloses a high-yield cultivation method for garlic, which comprises a series of related specific cultivation and management measures from garlic seed selection, base fertilizer application by intensive cultivation, seed dressing, film breaking for planting, field management and the like in the whole garlic growth period, wherein the fertilizer is used comprehensively in field management, and various targeted medicaments with garlic disease control effect are added in combination with organic and inorganic fertilizers. After the fertilizer is applied, the garlic yield can be obviously improved.
However, the above patent documents have disadvantages. Such as: in patent document CN102020497A, the fertilizer used only has the function of nourishing crops, has no efficacy of controlling plant diseases, and does not achieve ideal effect for alleviating continuous cropping obstacles of jinxiang garlic. For another example, in chinese patent document CN103733856A, although the inorganic-organic nutrients are fully matched, the fertilizer does not contain a pesticide for killing soil pathogenic microorganisms, and the soil treatment step is lacking before garlic seeding, which is not good for controlling early garlic diseases, and also reduces the disease control effect in the later stage of garlic growth, especially for the soil with excessive continuous cropping. In addition, in the management method of the vigorous growth period of the garlic, the difenoconazole and the dimethomorph are sprayed on the leaf surfaces, although the two fungicide agents are matched with each other, the selective pressure of diseases can be reduced, and the generation of drug resistance of fungi can be slowed down, but other types of agents are lacked in the formula, and the garlic shoots grow vigorously in the period, which is the period when the diseases such as bacterial soft rot, garlic root-knot nematode and garlic maggot occur frequently, and is also the key period of disease control.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the problems of the prior art, the invention provides a package medical fertilizer special for high-yield cultivation of Jinxiang garlic and an application method thereof. Scientifically provides nutrition for each growth cycle of the Jinxiang garlic, prevents and improves the problem of serious pest and disease damage in the Jinxiang garlic cultivation, improves the yield of garlic shoots and garlic bulbs, and reduces the possibility of sedentary disorders and sexual degeneration of the garlic.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:
a package pesticide fertilizer special for high-yield cultivation of Jinxiang garlic comprises, by mass, 151-353 parts of a basic pesticide fertilizer, 0.1-0.2 part of a seed dressing medicament, 3-7 parts of a seedling strengthening pesticide fertilizer, 5-8 parts of a bolting fertilizer and 6-9 parts of a garlic expanding pesticide fertilizer.
The basic pesticide fertilizer comprises the following raw materials: 50-100 parts of potassium sulfate type compound fertilizer, 50-150 parts of humic acid organic fertilizer, 50-100 parts of soil conditioner, 0.25-0.75 part of phoxim, 0.1-0.2 part of abamectin and 0.8-1.2 parts of 77% tannin wettable powder;
according to the invention, preferably, N, P in the potassium sulfate type compound fertilizer is used as the basic pesticide fertilizer2O5、K2The O content is respectively 18 percent, 18 percent and 18 percent by mass, and the O content contains 2 percent of humic acid; the humic acid organic fertilizer is activated peat, wherein the content of organic matters is not less than 70%, and the content of total humic acid is not less than 50%; the soil conditioner is a silicon-calcium-potassium-magnesium fertilizer, and the mass percentage of the contained nutrientsThe ratio is as follows: containing SiO220 to 32 percent of calcium carbonate, 20 to 30 percent of calcium carbonate containing CaO and K2O4-6%, MgO 4-5%; the phoxim is 40% phoxim aqua or 40% phoxim missible oil; the abamectin is 1.8 percent of abamectin wettable powder, or 1.8 percent of abamectin microemulsion, or 1.8 percent of abamectin missible oil.
The seed dressing medicament comprises the following raw materials: 0.1-0.15 parts by mass for happily and 0.01-0.02 parts by mass for beauty;
according to the present invention, preferably, in the seed dressing agent, the xerostomia-time effective component is a suspension seed coating agent of 2.5% fludioxonil; the Aizimei is an aqueous agent with 0.003% propionyl brassin as an active ingredient.
The seedling strengthening pesticide fertilizer comprises the following raw materials: 0.066-0.1 part by mass of prochloraz, 0.05-0.1 part by mass of a medium element leaf fertilizer, 3-6 parts by mass of an amino acid nutrient solution, 0.1-0.3 part by mass of triflumuron and 0.4-0.5 part by mass of phoxim;
according to the invention, preferably, in the seedling strengthening pesticide fertilizer, 50% wettable powder is selected as the prochloraz; the medium element foliar fertilizer comprises the following nutrients in percentage by mass: 12 to 20 percent of calcium, 1.5 to 2.5 percent of magnesium and 0.2 to 1 percent of trace elements (iron, manganese, copper, zinc and boron); wherein, the iron, zinc, manganese and copper elements are all in EDTA chelated state; the nutrient content of the medium element foliar fertilizer is the same as that of the medium element foliar fertilizer in the strong seedling medical fertilizer in percentage by mass; the concentration of the amino acid nutrient solution is 100 g/L; 5% of triflumuron suspending agent is selected as the triflumuron; the phoxim is selected from 40% phoxim aqua or 40% phoxim emulsifiable concentrate.
The bolting fertilizer comprises the following raw materials: 0.05-0.1 part by mass of a trace element foliar fertilizer, 0.05-0.1 part by mass of a medium element foliar fertilizer, and 5-8 parts by mass of a balanced water-soluble fertilizer;
according to the invention, preferably, in the bolting fertilizer, the nutrient content of the trace element foliar fertilizer is as follows by mass percent: 0.9 to 1 percent of iron, 0.55 to 0.6 percent of zinc, 0.9 to 1 percent of manganese, 0.9 to 1.25 percent of boron and 0.2 to 0.4 percent of copper; wherein, the iron, zinc, manganese and copper elements are all in EDTA chelated state. The nutrient content of the microelement leaf fertilizer is the same as that of the microelement leaf fertilizer in the bolting fertilizer in percentage by mass.
According to the invention, preferably, in the bolting fertilizer, the formula of the balanced water soluble fertilizer is 20-20-20+ TE, and the balanced water soluble fertilizer contains the following nutrients in percentage by mass: n20%, P2O520％，K2O20 percent, and the content of EDTA-chelated Fe, M, Cu, Zn, Mo and B is not less than 0.5 percent.
The garlic expanding pesticide fertilizer comprises the following raw materials: 0.05-0.1 part by mass of a trace element foliar fertilizer, 0.05-0.1 part by mass of a medium element foliar fertilizer, 5-8 parts by mass of a high-potassium water-soluble fertilizer and 0.8-1.2 parts by mass of phoxim;
according to the invention, preferably, in the garlic expanding pesticide fertilizer, the formula of the high-potassium water-soluble fertilizer is 16-8-34+ TE, and the fertilizer contains the following nutrients in percentage by mass: containing N16%, P2O58％，K2O34%, and the content of EDTA-chelated Fe, M, Cu, Zn, Mo and B is not less than 0.5%; the octasulfuric acid is 50% phoxim missible oil.
The fertilizer and the pesticide used in the invention are all conventional commercial products. Wherein, 77% of Dunningke wettable powder, 40% of phoxim aqua, or 40% of phoxim missible oil, 1.8% of avermectin wettable powder, or 1.8% of avermectin microemulsion, or 1.8% of avermectin missible oil; the 50% chlorophyllin wettable powder, the 5% triflumuron suspending agent and other medicaments are all commercially available product formulations, namely product names.
The invention also provides an application method of the package medical fertilizer special for high-yield cultivation of the Jinxiang garlic, which comprises the following steps:
(1) application of basic insecticide-fertilizer
Before ploughing, uniformly spreading the potassium sulfate type compound fertilizer, the humic acid organic fertilizer and the soil conditioner on the surface of soil, and ploughing into soil; before land rotation, 2 parts by mass of phoxim and abamectin are added with water, 50 parts by mass of fine soil is mixed for application, and 50 parts by mass of 77% of tannin wettable powder is mixed with 50 parts by mass of fine soil for application; the application amount of the basic pesticide fertilizer is 151-353 kg/mu;
(2) application of seed dressing agents
2.5 parts by mass of water is added for seed dressing when the plant is happy, and the application amount of a seed dressing agent is 0.1-0.2 kg/mu;
(3) application of seedling strengthening pesticide fertilizer
After seedling emergence, 1500 times of the 50% promethazine wettable powder and 800 times of the medium element leaf fertilizer are sprayed on leaf surfaces; when the ground temperature is higher than 15 ℃, watering once according to the soil humidity, and applying the amino acid nutrient solution, the triflumuron and the phoxim with water per mu; the application amount of the seedling strengthening pesticide fertilizer is 3-7 kg/mu;
(4) application of bolting fertilizer
Spraying 800 times of the trace element foliar fertilizer and the medium element foliar fertilizer for 1-2 times on the leaf surface; watering the garlic shoots after the garlic shoots are pointed again to be permeable, and applying the balanced water soluble fertilizer by combining with the watering; the bolting fertilizer application amount is 5-8 kg/mu;
(5) application of garlic expanding pesticide fertilizer
Watering thoroughly after bolting, and applying the high-potassium water-soluble fertilizer and phoxim in a flushing manner in combination with watering; in the period, spraying 800 times of trace element foliar fertilizer and medium element foliar fertilizer for 1-2 times; the application amount of the garlic expanding pesticide fertilizer is 6-9 kg/mu.
The principle of the invention is as follows:
the organic fertilizer in the basic pesticide fertilizer can improve the content of organic matters in soil, increase the permeability of the soil and increase the water and fertilizer absorption performance of garlic, and the organic fertilizer containing humic acid can activate soil nutrients, improve the growth vigor of the garlic and improve the disease resistance of the garlic; the soil conditioner is additionally applied, so that the soil structure and the pH value can be adjusted, and medium and trace elements required by the growth of the garlic can be supplemented; phoxim is used for preventing and controlling underground pests, is easy to decompose under light, avermectin is an insecticide, acaricide and nematicide and is easy to decompose by microorganisms, and tannin is a protective bactericide and is used before or at the initial stage of occurrence of fungal or bacterial diseases, the bactericidal power is strong, the pesticide effect is as long as 15 days, and no residue exists. 77% of the dongning wettable powder is added as a basic pesticide fertilizer for application, and can prevent and treat garlic bacterial soft rot caused by garlic seed soaking by pathogen residue which is not rotten in soil. The three different types of insecticidal bactericides have the characteristics of low toxicity and environmental friendliness, can kill pathogens remaining in soil when being applied to treat soil, and effectively prevent and treat underground insect pests and garlic diseases.
The seed dressing agent belongs to a pyrrole broad-spectrum bactericide with low toxicity when used for treating various crop-borne and soil-borne fungal diseases; the love beauty is a lasting rutabalin lactone hormone, has the functions of protecting flowers and fruits and improving the stress resistance of crops, has the effective period as long as 15 days, and has no toxic or side effect. The two medicaments are applied in a matched manner, so that not only can germs carried by garlic seeds be killed, the occurrence time of diseases is delayed, but also the germination rate can be improved, and the seedlings are uniform and strong.
The prochloraz wettable powder in the seedling strengthening pesticide fertilizer can effectively prevent and treat garlic leaf blight, has better effect than other fungicides such as carbendazim, prochloraz and the like, and has lower toxicity. In the next year, the garlic sprouts grow vigorously with rain, and the 5% chlorophyllin wettable powder is applied in combination with the trace element foliar fertilizer, so that the photosynthesis of the garlic can be enhanced, and the leaf stem diseases such as leaf blight, rust disease and the like can be prevented. The triflumuron is a benzoyl urea broad-spectrum pesticide, the pesticide effect period is as long as 30 days, and the compound amino acid nutrient solution and the phoxim are applied together in a flushing manner, so that the development of root systems can be promoted, the phenomenon of dry tip yellow leaves can be avoided or reduced, and the damage of garlic maggots can be prevented and treated.
In the bolting fertilizer, the trace element and medium element foliar fertilizer and the balanced type water flush fertilizer are applied in a matching way, so that the nutrients can be rapidly and comprehensively supplemented, the growth of garlic is promoted, and the garlic bolts can be listed in advance.
The high-potassium water-soluble fertilizer in the garlic bulb expanding pesticide fertilizer can prevent premature senility and promote expansion of garlic bulbs; the 50% phoxim emulsifiable can prevent secondary damage of garlic maggots; the trace element foliar fertilizer and the medium element foliar fertilizer can quickly supplement trace and macroelements required by the expansion of garlic.
The method is a conventional method unless otherwise specified. The starting materials are commercially available from the open literature unless otherwise specified.
The technical scheme provided by the invention has the beneficial effects that:
1. according to the set meal fertilizer provided by the invention, pesticides and bactericides with different prevention and control effects are reasonably matched according to the characteristics of diseases in different growth periods of garlic, so that the nutritional requirements of garlic growth are met, meanwhile, the diseases and insect pests of garlic are effectively prevented and controlled, and further, the yield of garlic is increased. After the set of fertilizer provided by the invention is applied, the yield of young garlic shoots and the yield of garlic bulbs are respectively improved by 5.8-13.7% and 16.4-32.3% compared with the conventional cultivation management mode.
2. The set meal fertilizer provided by the invention is reasonable in proportion, contains a large amount of organic matters and medium and trace elements, timely supplements a large amount of nutrients taken away after the garlic is bolting, effectively overcomes the sitting obstacle of the garlic, and reduces the possibility of excellent nature degradation of the garlic.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the present invention will be further described in detail with reference to the following examples.
The experiment was carried out in Nippon county, Jining City, Shandong province, at the beginning of 10 months in 2014 to 5 months in the next year. The experiment is divided into 4 treatment cells, each cell has 3 repetitions, and the cell area is 45m2. The young garlic shoots are pulled out of leaf sheaths at the 5 th early of the next year of growth of the garlic and collected when the young garlic shoots begin to swing and bend; in the middle and last ten days of the next 5 months, namely 15-20 days after harvesting of the young garlic shoots, most leaves are dry, the upper leaves are faded to be grey green, the leaf tips are dry and droop, pseudostems are in a soft state, and the garlic heads are harvested at the moment. After harvesting of young garlic shoots and garlic bulbs, the cell yields of the examples and comparative examples were determined.
In the following examples, N, P in the potassium sulfate type compound fertilizer2O5、K2The O content is respectively 18 percent, 18 percent and 18 percent by mass, and the O content contains 2 percent of humic acid; the humic acid organic fertilizer is activated peat, the content of organic matters is not less than 70%, and the content of total humic acid is not less than 50%; the soil conditioner is a silicon-calcium-potassium-magnesium fertilizer, and contains the following nutrients in percentage by mass: containing SiO220 to 32 percent of calcium carbonate, 20 to 30 percent of calcium carbonate containing CaO and K2O4-6%, MgO 4-5%; the nutrient content of the trace element foliar fertilizer is as follows by mass percent: 0.9 to 1 percent of iron, 0.55 to 0.6 percent of zinc, 0.9 to 1 percent of manganese, 0.9 to 1.25 percent of boron and 0.2 to 0.4 percent of copper; wherein, the iron, zinc, manganese and copper elements are all in EDTA chelated state; the medium element foliar fertilizer comprises the following nutrients in percentage by mass: 12-20% of CaO, 1.5-2.5% of MgO1, 0.2-1% of trace elements (iron, manganese, copper, zinc and boron); wherein, the iron, zinc, manganese and copper elements are all in EDTA chelated state; the formula of the balanced water soluble fertilizer is 20-20-20+ TE, and the balanced water soluble fertilizer comprises the following nutrients in percentage by mass: containing N20% and P2O520% of K2O20%, and the content of EDTA-chelated Fe, M, Cu, Zn, Mo and B is not less than 0.5%; the formula of the high-potassium water soluble fertilizer is 16-8-34+ TE, and the high-potassium water soluble fertilizer comprises the following nutrients in percentage by mass: containing N16% and P2O58% of containing K2O34 percent, and the content of EDTA-chelated Fe, M, Cu, Zn, Mo and B is not less than 0.5 percent.
Example 1:
the package fertilizer special for high-yield cultivation of the Jinxiang garlic comprises 231.7kg of basic pesticide fertilizer, 0.11kg of seed dressing agent, 5.8kg of seedling strengthening pesticide fertilizer, 5.1kg of bolting fertilizer and 6.1kg of garlic head expanding pesticide fertilizer per mu.
Wherein,
the basic pesticide fertilizer comprises 80kg of potassium sulfate type compound fertilizer, 100kg of humic acid organic fertilizer, 50kg of silicon-calcium-magnesium-phosphorus-potassium fertilizer, 500g of 40% phoxim aqueous solution, 150g of 1.8% abamectin wettable powder and 1kg of 77% tannin wettable powder;
the seed dressing agent comprises 100g of suspending seed coating agent and 10g of love beauty;
the seedling strengthening pesticide fertilizer comprises 66g of 50% promethazine wettable powder, 50g of a medium element foliar fertilizer, 5L of 100g/L amino acid nutrient solution, 200g of 5% triflumuron suspending agent and 450g of 40% phoxim missible oil;
the bolting fertilizer comprises 50g of trace element leaf fertilizer, 50g of medium element leaf fertilizer and 5kg of balanced water soluble fertilizer;
the garlic expanding pesticide fertilizer comprises 5kg of high-potassium water-soluble fertilizer, 1L of 50% phoxim emulsifiable concentrate, 50g of trace element leaf fertilizer and 50g of medium element leaf fertilizer.
The application method comprises the following steps:
firstly, basic pesticide fertilizer: according to the soil nutrient condition and the fertilizer requirement rule of garlic, reasonably supplementing the garlic nutrient requirement, and applying 80kg of potassium sulfate type compound fertilizer, 100kg of humic acid organic fertilizer and 50kg of soil conditioner to each mu before ploughing; before the fertilizer is revolved, 500g of 40% phoxim aqua, 150g of 1.8% abamectin wettable powder and 2kg of water are mixed for each mu, 50kg of fine soil is mixed for application, and 1kg of 77% tannin wettable powder and 50kg of fine soil are mixed for application for each mu.
Seed dressing agent: when the plant is used for every mu, 100g of the plant is loved and beautified by 10g, and 2.5kg of water is added for seed dressing.
③ strengthening the seedling and fertilizing: in the spring of the next year, when the garlic seedlings turn green, 1500 times of liquid of 50% chlorophyllin wettable powder and 800 times of liquid of medium element leaf fertilizer are sprayed on the leaf surfaces; before and after clearing, when the ground temperature is higher than 15 ℃, watering once according to the soil humidity, and applying 5L of 100g/L amino acid nutrient solution and 200g of 5% triflumuron and 450g of 40% phoxim per mu with water.
Bolting fertilizer: spraying 800 times of medium trace element leaf fertilizer and macroelement leaf fertilizer on the leaf surface of each mu for 1 time; watering the garlic shoots after the garlic shoots are pointed again, and applying 5kg of balanced water soluble fertilizer in combination with watering for each mu.
Fifthly, expanding the garlic to obtain a medicinal fertilizer: watering thoroughly after bolting, applying 5kg of high-potassium water soluble fertilizer, and applying 1kg of 50% phoxim emulsifiable solution per mu in combination with watering; and spraying 800 times of solution of microelement Zn and B foliar fertilizer and macroelement foliar fertilizer for 1 time at the same time.
The application effect is as follows: the yield of the young garlic shoots can be improved by 5.8 percent compared with the conventional cultivation and management mode; the garlic yield can be improved by 16.4 percent compared with the conventional cultivation and management mode.
Example 2:
a package fertilizer special for high-yield cultivation of Jinxiang garlic comprises 176.2kg of basic pesticide fertilizer, 0.14kg of seed dressing agent, 3.6kg of seedling strengthening pesticide fertilizer, 6.1kg of bolting fertilizer and 7kg of garlic head expanding pesticide fertilizer per mu.
Wherein,
the basic pesticide fertilizer comprises 50kg of potassium sulfate type compound fertilizer, 50kg of humic acid organic fertilizer, 75kg of silicon-calcium-magnesium-phosphorus-potassium fertilizer, 250g of 40% phoxim aqueous solution, 100g of 1.8% abamectin microemulsion and 0.8kg of 77% tannin wettable powder;
the seed dressing agent comprises 120g of suspending seed coating agent and 15g of love beauty agent;
the seedling strengthening fertilizer comprises 80g of 50% promethazine wettable powder, 50g of macroelement leaf fertilizer, 3L of 100g/L amino acid nutrient solution, 100g of 5% triflumuron suspending agent and 400g of 40% phoxim emulsifiable concentrate;
the bolting fertilizer comprises 100g of trace element leaf fertilizer, 100g of medium element leaf fertilizer and 6kg of balanced water soluble fertilizer;
the garlic expanding pesticide fertilizer comprises 6kg of high-potassium water-soluble fertilizer, 0.8kg of 50% phoxim emulsifiable concentrate, 100g of trace element Zn and B foliar fertilizer and 100g of macroelement foliar fertilizer.
The application method comprises the following steps: the same as in example 1. The difference lies in that: in the bolting fertilizer, the spraying times of trace and medium element foliar fertilizers are 2 times, and 1 time every 7-14 days; in the garlic expanding pesticide fertilizer, the spraying times of the trace element foliar fertilizer and the macroelement foliar fertilizer are 2 times, and 1 time every 7-14 days.
The application effect is as follows: the yield of the young garlic shoots can be improved by 11.8 percent compared with the conventional cultivation and management mode; the yield of the garlic bulbs can be improved by 29.1 percent compared with the conventional cultivation and management mode.
Example 3:
a package fertilizer special for high-yield cultivation of Jinxiang garlic comprises 352.2kg of basic pesticide fertilizer, 0.17kg of seed dressing agent, 7kg of seedling strengthening pesticide fertilizer, 8.1kg of bolting fertilizer and 9.4kg of garlic head expanding pesticide fertilizer per mu.
Wherein,
the basic pesticide fertilizer comprises 100kg of potassium sulfate type compound fertilizer, 150kg of humic acid organic fertilizer, 100kg of silicon-calcium-magnesium-phosphorus-potassium fertilizer, 750g of 40% phoxim missible oil, 200g of 1.8% abamectin missible oil and 1.2kg of 77% tannin wettable powder;
the seed dressing agent comprises 150g of 2.5 percent suspending seed coating agent when in happy and 20g of love beauty;
the seedling strengthening pesticide fertilizer comprises 100g of 50% promethazine wettable powder, 50g of a medium element foliar fertilizer, 6L of 100g/L amino acid nutrient solution, 300g of 5% triflumuron suspending agent and 500g of 40% phoxim missible oil;
the bolting fertilizer comprises 100g of trace element leaf fertilizer, 50g of medium element leaf fertilizer and 8kg of balanced water soluble fertilizer;
the garlic expanding pesticide fertilizer comprises 8kg of high-potassium water soluble fertilizer, 1.2kg of 50% phoxim emulsifiable concentrate, 100g of trace element leaf fertilizer and 100g of medium element leaf fertilizer.
The application method comprises the following steps: the same as in example 1. The difference lies in that: in the bolting fertilizer, the spraying times of the trace element and macroelement foliar fertilizer are 2 times, and 1 time every 10-15 days; in the garlic expanding pesticide fertilizer, the spraying times of the trace element foliar fertilizer and the medium element foliar fertilizer are 2 times, and 1 time every 10-15 days.
The application effect is as follows: the yield of the young garlic shoots can be improved by 13.7 percent compared with the conventional cultivation and management mode; the garlic yield can be improved by 32.3 percent compared with the conventional cultivation and management mode.
Comparative example:
the conventional cultivation management mode fertilizer of the comparative example and the application method thereof are the method that farmers are accustomed to, namely applying NPK compound fertilizer (N, P) in each mu before rotary tillage2O5、K2The mass percentages of O are respectively 15%, 15% and 15%) 100kg, and the mass percentages of the biological organic fertilizer are 40kg, and the biological organic fertilizer are all applied in a centralized way; applying urea or diammonium in a flooding way in the seedling stage, wherein the application amount per mu is 15-25 kg; and applying the elemental potassium fertilizer in the bolting period and the garlic expansion period, wherein the application amount per mu is 4-16 kg.
The yields of young garlic shoots and garlic bulbs compared to those of examples 1, 2, and 3 were as follows:
TABLE 1 comparison of yields of young garlic shoots and garlic bulbs
Note: the garlic number of garlic bulbs with the diameter of more than or equal to 5.5 cm/the total garlic bulb number
And (4) conclusion: the yield of the young garlic shoots can be improved by 5.8 to 13.7 percent compared with the conventional cultivation and management mode; the garlic yield can be improved by 16.4-32.3% compared with the conventional cultivation and management mode.
Claims (7)
1. The package pesticide fertilizer special for high-yield cultivation of the Jinxiang garlic is characterized by comprising 151-353 parts by mass of a basic pesticide fertilizer, 0.1-0.2 part by mass of a seed dressing medicament, 3-7 parts by mass of a seedling strengthening pesticide fertilizer, 5-8 parts by mass of a bolting fertilizer and 6-9 parts by mass of a garlic expansion pesticide fertilizer;
the basic pesticide fertilizer comprises the following raw materials: 50-100 parts of potassium sulfate type compound fertilizer, 50-150 parts of humic acid organic fertilizer, 50-100 parts of soil conditioner, 0.25-0.75 part of phoxim, 0.1-0.2 part of abamectin and 0.8-1.2 parts of 77% tannin wettable powder;
the seed dressing medicament comprises the following raw materials: 0.1-0.15 parts by mass for happily and 0.01-0.02 parts by mass for beauty;
the seedling strengthening pesticide fertilizer comprises the following raw materials: 0.066-0.1 part by mass of prochloraz, 0.05-0.1 part by mass of a medium element leaf fertilizer, 3-6 parts by mass of an amino acid nutrient solution, 0.1-0.3 part by mass of triflumuron and 0.4-0.5 part by mass of phoxim;
the bolting fertilizer comprises the following raw materials: 0.05-0.1 part by mass of a trace element foliar fertilizer, 0.05-0.1 part by mass of a medium element foliar fertilizer, and 5-8 parts by mass of a balanced water-soluble fertilizer;
the garlic expanding pesticide fertilizer comprises the following raw materials: 0.05-0.1 part by mass of a trace element foliar fertilizer, 0.05-0.1 part by mass of a medium element foliar fertilizer, 5-8 parts by mass of a high-potassium water-soluble fertilizer and 0.8-1.2 parts by mass of phoxim.
2. The package fertilizer special for high-yield cultivation of jinxiang garlic as claimed in claim 1, wherein in said basic fertilizer, N, P is in said potassium sulfate type compound fertilizer2O5、K2The O content is respectively 18 percent, 18 percent and 18 percent by mass, and the O content contains 2 percent of humic acid; the humic acid organic fertilizer is activated peat, wherein the content of organic matters is not less than 70%, and the content of total humic acid is not less than 50%; the soil conditioner is a silicon-calcium-potassium-magnesium fertilizer, and contains the following nutrients in percentage by mass: containing SiO220 to 32 percent of calcium carbonate, 20 to 30 percent of calcium carbonate containing CaO and K2O4-6%, MgO 4-5%; the phoxim is 40% phoxim aqua or 40% phoxim missible oil; the abamectin is 1.8 percent of abamectin wettable powder, or 1.8 percent of abamectin microemulsion, or 1.8 percent of abamectin missible oil.
3. The package medical fertilizer special for high-yield cultivation of jinxiang garlic as claimed in claim 1, wherein in the seed dressing agent, the suspension seed coating agent with 2.5% fludioxonil as an active ingredient in happy time; the Aizimei is an aqueous agent with 0.003% propionyl brassin as an active ingredient.
4. The package fertilizer special for high-yield cultivation of jinxiang garlic as claimed in claim 1, wherein in the strong seedling fertilizer, the prohexadine is 50% wettable powder; the medium element foliar fertilizer comprises the following nutrients in percentage by mass: 12 to 20 percent of calcium oxide, 1.5 to 2.5 percent of magnesium oxide and 0.2 to 1 percent of trace elements of iron, manganese, copper, zinc and boron; wherein, the iron, zinc, manganese and copper elements are all in EDTA chelated state; the concentration of the amino acid nutrient solution is 100 g/L; 5% of triflumuron suspending agent is selected as the triflumuron; the phoxim is selected from 40% phoxim aqua or 40% phoxim emulsifiable concentrate.
5. The set of medical fertilizer special for high-yield cultivation of jinxiang garlic as claimed in claim 1, wherein in the bolting fertilizer, the nutrient content of the trace element foliar fertilizer is as follows by mass percent: 0.9 to 1 percent of iron, 0.55 to 0.6 percent of zinc, 0.9 to 1 percent of manganese, 0.9 to 1.25 percent of boron and 0.2 to 0.4 percent of copper; wherein, the iron, zinc, manganese and copper elements are all in EDTA chelated state; the formula of the balanced water soluble fertilizer is 20-20-20+ TE, and the balanced water soluble fertilizer contains the following nutrients in percentage by mass: n20%, P2O520％，K2O20 percent, and the content of EDTA-chelated Fe, M, Cu, Zn, Mo and B is not less than 0.5 percent.
6. The package medical fertilizer special for high-yield cultivation of Jinxiang garlic as claimed in claim 1, wherein in the garlic bulb expanding medical fertilizer, the formula of the high-potassium water soluble fertilizer is 16-8-34+ TE, and the mass percentage of the contained nutrients is as follows: containing N16%, P2O58％，K2O34%, and the content of EDTA-chelated Fe, M, Cu, Zn, Mo and B is not less than 0.5%; the octasulfuric acid is 50% phoxim missible oil.
7. The application method of the package fertilizer special for high-yield cultivation of Jinxiang garlic as claimed in claim 1, characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) application of basic insecticide-fertilizer
Before ploughing, uniformly spreading the potassium sulfate type compound fertilizer, the humic acid organic fertilizer and the soil conditioner on the surface of soil, and ploughing into soil; before land rotation, 2 parts by mass of phoxim and abamectin are added with water, 50 parts by mass of fine soil is mixed for application, and 50 parts by mass of 77% of tannin wettable powder is mixed with 50 parts by mass of fine soil for application; the application amount of the basic pesticide fertilizer is 151-353 kg/mu;
(2) application of seed dressing agents
2.5 parts by mass of water is added for seed dressing when the plant is happy, and the application amount of a seed dressing agent is 0.1-0.2 kg/mu;
(3) application of seedling strengthening pesticide fertilizer
After seedling emergence, 1500 times of the 50% promethazine wettable powder and 800 times of the medium element leaf fertilizer are sprayed on leaf surfaces; when the ground temperature is higher than 15 ℃, watering once according to the soil humidity, and applying the amino acid nutrient solution, the triflumuron and the phoxim with water per mu; the application amount of the seedling strengthening pesticide fertilizer is 3-7 kg/mu;
(4) application of bolting fertilizer
Spraying 800 times of the trace element foliar fertilizer and the medium element foliar fertilizer for 1-2 times on the leaf surface; watering the garlic shoots after the garlic shoots are pointed again to be permeable, and applying the balanced water soluble fertilizer by combining with the watering; the bolting fertilizer application amount is 5-8 kg/mu;
(5) application of garlic expanding pesticide fertilizer
Watering thoroughly after bolting, and applying the high-potassium water-soluble fertilizer and phoxim in a flushing manner in combination with watering; in the period, spraying 800 times of trace element foliar fertilizer and medium element foliar fertilizer for 1-2 times; the application amount of the garlic expanding pesticide fertilizer is 6-9 kg/mu.
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