CN107821095A - A kind of preparation method of the culture matrix of vermiculite power soilless culture three-coloured amaranth - Google Patents
A kind of preparation method of the culture matrix of vermiculite power soilless culture three-coloured amaranth Download PDFInfo
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- CN107821095A CN107821095A CN201710997023.8A CN201710997023A CN107821095A CN 107821095 A CN107821095 A CN 107821095A CN 201710997023 A CN201710997023 A CN 201710997023A CN 107821095 A CN107821095 A CN 107821095A
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Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of preparation method of the culture matrix of vermiculite power soilless culture three-coloured amaranth, including step once：Calculate in parts by weight first and weigh 35 48 parts of 25 40 parts of straw particle, 90 100 parts of vermiculite power, 130 145 parts of fertile soil and water-loss reducer, then place respectively pending；First straw particle, vermiculite power are put into baking oven and carry out vacuum drying 2h with 75 DEG C；By the vermiculite power after drying, straw particle mix be put into vibrator carry out vibrate mixed grinding obtain mixed powder A；Mixed powder A after grinding is poured into powder mixer, then adds ready fertile soil and water-loss reducer thereto, and adds mixed fertilizer into mixed powder A again, 2 3h is then sufficiently mixed, finally gives finished product and detected.The present invention by the orderly addition of various ingredients and mixes by appropriate method, enables whole matrix to have preferable fertilizer efficiency and Water-saving effect by a series of processing.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to soilless culture substrate field, and in particular to a kind of culture matrix of vermiculite power soilless culture three-coloured amaranth
Preparation method.
Background technology
Soilless culture is to do seedling medium with the light material such as turf or forest leaf mould, expanded vermiculite to fix plant, is allowed
Root system of plant directly contacts nutrient solution, using the modernization seedling-raising technique of mechanization precision drilling once-seedling forming.It is from seed plate
Lattice room, a lattice one are sowed, one plant of one Room of seedling, the root system of seedling is intertwined mutually with matrix, and root, which sticks together, to be presented greatly
Under small plug shape, be typically hole tray non-soil culture.Substrate culture is a kind of mode that popularizing area is maximum in soilless culture.It
It is that the root system of crop is fixed in the matrix of organic or inorganic, by drip irrigation or the method for trickle irrigation, supplies crop nutrition
Liquid.Cultivation matrix can load in polybag, or be laid in cultivation ditch or groove.The nutrient solution of substrate culture does not circulate, and claims
For open system, this can be avoided disease from passing through the circulation of nutrient solution to propagate.Substrate culture buffer capacity is strong, in the absence of water
Point, nutrient and supply O2Between contradiction, and equipment is simple compared with water planting and mist training, or even can not need power, thus small investment, into
This is low, is generally used in production.From China's present situation, substrate culture is a kind of mode for most having realistic meaning.
A kind of sedge dish alias green vegetables, are Cruciferae Brassica genus Vegetable Crops of Brassica, a mutation of Chinese cabbage subspecies, and a biennial herb is planted
Thing, the complete stool that part is plant, i.e. tender leaf, petiole, the tender tender flower stalk and fleshy root do not bloomed of seedling or strain of growing up are eaten, it contains
The mineral elements such as potassium, calcium are higher.A kind of sedge dish can also harvest small strain, and whole year, which arranges sowing, can harvest supply market by stages, in batches.
The pest and disease damage of a kind of sedge dish is less, and makees the seedling production of harvest dish, can be to complete one batch in more than 20 days, can be nothing without using agricultural chemicals
The green vegetable of pollution.
Described a kind of sedge dish is mainly autumn and winter plantation, in order to improve the yield in north cold area, typically now will
A kind of sedge dish, which is first placed in greenhouse or greenhouse, carries out live, progress hot-house culture.In order to improve yield, soilless culture can be used
Mode is carried out, and can be regulated and controled by the nutrient solution of particular arrangement specifically for the growth in a kind of sedge dish, so as to improve yield.But
It is that a kind of sedge dish planted in general greenhouse is mainly used for harvesting its small strain, the matrix of existing soilless culture is not mainly for a kind of sedge
Dish is adjusted, easily cause nutrient solution be lost in or a kind of sedge dish fixed effect it is poor the problem of.
The content of the invention
For above the problems of the prior art, it is special that the present invention proposes that a kind of base-material by various material mixes
Door is applied to the preparation method of the soilless culture substrate of a kind of sedge dish growth.
The present invention is achieved through the following technical solutions：A kind of preparation side of the culture matrix of vermiculite power soilless culture three-coloured amaranth
Method, including step once：
S1. calculate in parts by weight first and weigh straw particle 25-40 parts, vermiculite power 90-100 parts, fertile soil 130-145 parts
With water-loss reducer 35-48 parts, then place respectively pending；
S2. first straw particle, vermiculite power are put into baking oven and carry out vacuum drying 2h with 75 DEG C；
S3. by the vermiculite power after drying, straw particle mix be put into vibrator carry out vibrate mixed grinding obtain
Mixed powder A；
S4. the mixed powder A after grinding is poured into powder mixer, then adds ready fertile soil and guarantor thereto
Aqua, and mixed fertilizer is added into mixed powder A again, 2-3h is then sufficiently mixed, finished product is finally given and is detected.
Further, the specific method for preparing of vermiculite power is in the step S1：
D1. fabric and raw-vermiculite sheet-shaped material is chosen first and is put into open porcelain crucible, is put into by carrier of iron plate in heating furnace,
Heating 1.5h is carried out with 980-1100 DEG C, then power-off cooling；
D2. the isopropanol mixed liquor for adding the tributyl phosphate of spraying 34% to the expanded vermiculite after cooling again is stirred
Mix, then filter and with water washing is distilled, and be placed again into dryer and obtain dry expanded vermiculite with 165 DEG C of dry 1.5h
Material；
D3. finally expanded vermiculite material is put into grinder and pulverizes and cross 40-60 eye mesh screens and obtain vermiculite power.
Further, specific preparation process humous is in the step S1：
E1. it is withered that 38-60% garden moulds, 25-40% river sands, 4-7% vegetables rotten leaf, 2-3% that mass fraction is are chosen first
Grass, 3-4% stalks, 5-10% poultry dungs, are then separated individually placed；
E2. fermenting mixture first is made in vegetables rotten leaf, withered grass and poultry dung uniform stirring；
E3. terrine bottom and then by fermenting mixture is evenly arranged in, then the stalk crushed is laid on fermentation mixing
On thing, the minishanny mixed and river sand are laid on stalk, then constantly laying upwards successively, finally close to terrine opening
Sealed with garden mould；
E4. terrine is placed in the heatable adobe sleeping platform that ground dug or half a year is placed in cellar to one-year age, Ran Houqu
Go out terrine to draw out internal decomposed soil and be mixed to form final fertile soil.
Further, the fermenting mixture thickness degree described in step E3 is 3-5cm, and stalk layer thickness is 2-3cm, and
Described minishanny and the mixed layer thickness of river sand are 7-9cm.
Wherein, described straw particle refer to when carrying out timber processing because cutting and from trees fallen tree
The foam shape wood chip of woody body.By being added with straw particle in matrix, so as to provide preferable heat insulation effect, for a kind of sedge dish autumn
The characteristics of winter planting, if when evening canopy temperature is relatively low, it can also ensure the growing environment of a kind of sedge dish, there is provided preferably
Warmth retention property.Vermiculite is a kind of natural, inorganic, nontoxic mineral matter, the dilatable mineral under high temperature action.It is a kind of compares
Rare mineral, belong to silicate.Its crystal structure is monoclinic system, like mica in terms of its profile.Vermiculite is by certain
Granite hydration caused by.It is typically produced simultaneously with asbestos.Because vermiculite has the ability of ion exchange, it is to soil
Nutrition has great effect.And described fertile soil is traditional rotten soil by plant material and all kinds of organic waste (such as kitchens
It is remaining) composition one layer of mixture, fertile soil is the residual leaf of deadwood of topsoil trees in forest after long-term putrid fermentation
Formed.Because natural humic permeability of air is poor, easily cause a kind of sedge dish pest and disease damage, therefore increase whole base added with vermiculite power
The porosity of matter, so as to ensure the osmotic effect of nutrient solution and permeability.By surface-crosslinked, designing and preparing has knot
The Sodium Polyacrylate Super Hydroscopicity Resin of the core shell structure of outer tight interior pine on structure, can be before water absorption rate as high as possible be kept
Put the gel strength after largely improving high hydroscopic resin water suction.By carrying out surface to obtained high hydroscopic resin
Crosslinking Treatment, the Sodium Polyacrylate Super Hydroscopicity Resin with core shell structure is designed, makes the degree of cross linking inside resin particle low,
And surface-crosslinked degree is high.Gained high hydroscopic resin water absorption rate is higher, and the gel strength after water suction is preferable.Pass through the height to having synthesized
Water-absorbing resin, which carries out secondary surface cross-linking, can be made the anti salt super absorbent resin that water absorption rate is high, gel strength is good, can also be
In the building-up process of resin, gained resin is directly carried out surface-crosslinked, obtain the resin of core-shell type.Pass through described polypropylene
Sour sodium super absorbent resin can improve the water-absorbing-retaining performance of whole matrix, because three-coloured amaranth requires soil conservation moistening, for
North water deficit area, water resource is insufficient, and matrix can be kept as far as possible by the Sodium Polyacrylate Super Hydroscopicity Resin of addition
Middle wetting state, and the usage amount of nutrient solution is reduced, the purpose of water saving is reached on the premise of the yield of three-coloured amaranth is ensured.
The present invention compared with prior art, has the advantage that and had the beneficial effect that：The present invention by mixing various material, and
Using vermiculite and fertile soil as main matrix components, survival rate of the three-coloured amaranth in greenhouse soilless culture, Er Qietong can not only be increased
Preferable Organic Ingredients can be provided to matrix by crossing the vermiculite power that organises preferably expanded, so as to reduce the use of nutrient solution
Amount；By the addition of suitable super absorbent resin, the Water-saving effect of matrix is effectively increased, it is preferable so as to be provided to three-coloured amaranth
Planting environment.
Embodiment
The present invention is described in further detail with reference to embodiment, but the implementation of the present invention is not limited to this,
Without departing from the idea case in the present invention described above, according to ordinary skill knowledge and customary means, various replace is made
Change and change, all should be included within the scope of the invention.
Embodiment 1：
Present embodiment discloses a kind of culture matrix of vermiculite power soilless culture three-coloured amaranth, the straw calculated in parts by weight is broken
Grain 25-40 parts, vermiculite power 90-100 parts, fertile soil 130-145 parts and water-loss reducer 35-48 parts, it is the specific system of the matrix below
Preparation Method：
It is ready to take straw particle, vermiculite power, fertile soil and water-loss reducer first, then places respectively pending.
Wherein, the specific method for preparing of vermiculite power is：Choose fabric and raw-vermiculite sheet-shaped material and be put into open porcelain crucible, with iron
Plate is that carrier is put into heating furnace, carries out heating 1.5h with 980-1100 DEG C, then power-off cooling；Again to the expansion leech after cooling
The isopropanol mixed liquor of tributyl phosphate that stone adds spraying 25% is stirred, and is then filtered and with distilling water washing, and again
Secondary be put into dryer obtains dry expanded vermiculite material with 120-130 DEG C of dry 2-3h；Finally expanded vermiculite material is put
Enter to pulverize and cross in grinder 40-60 eye mesh screens and obtain vermiculite power.
Wherein, preparation method humous is：It is rotten that the mass fraction 25-40% river sands that are, 20-30% vegetables are chosen first
Leaf, 15-30% withered grass, 15-40% stalks, 15-20% poultry dungs, are then separated individually placed；First by vegetables rotten leaf,
Fermenting mixture is made in withered grass and poultry dung uniform stirring；Then fermenting mixture is evenly arranged in terrine bottom, then
The stalk crushed is laid on fermenting mixture, the minishanny mixed and river sand are laid on stalk, it is then continuous successively
Laying upwards, finally sealed close to terrine opening with garden mould；Terrine is placed in the heatable adobe sleeping platform that ground dug or ground
Half a year is placed in cellar for storing things to one-year age, terrine is then taken out and internal decomposed soil is drawn out and is mixed to form final humic
Soil.
Straw particle, vermiculite power are put into baking oven and carry out vacuum drying 0.5-1.5h with 40-50 DEG C；By the leech after drying
Stone flour, straw particle mixing be put into vibrator carry out vibrate mixed grinding obtain mixed powder A；By the mixed powder after grinding
A is poured into powder mixer, then adds ready fertile soil and water-loss reducer thereto, and add mix into mixed powder A again
Hefei is expected, is then sufficiently mixed 2-3h, is finally given finished product and detected.
Embodiment 2：
According to the preparation method of embodiment 1, the present embodiment provides a kind of culture matrix of vermiculite power soilless culture three-coloured amaranth, presses
According to 95 parts of 25 parts of straw particle, the vermiculite power of listed as parts by weight, 40 parts of 145 parts of fertile soil and water-loss reducer, reality is then prepared
Test group 1 and carry out contrast test, wherein experimental group 1 includes 20 groups of test samples of equivalent.
Embodiment 3：
According to the preparation method of embodiment 1, the present embodiment provides a kind of culture matrix of vermiculite power soilless culture three-coloured amaranth, presses
According to 55 parts of 25 parts of straw particle, the vermiculite power of listed as parts by weight, 45 parts of 145 parts of fertile soil and water-loss reducer, reality is then prepared
Test group 2 and carry out contrast test, wherein experimental group 2 includes 20 groups of test samples of equivalent.
Embodiment 4：
According to the preparation method of embodiment 1, the present embodiment provides a kind of culture matrix of vermiculite power soilless culture three-coloured amaranth, presses
According to 145 parts of 25 parts of straw particle, the fertile soil and 48 parts of water-loss reducer of listed as parts by weight, experimental group 3 is then prepared and carries out pair
Than test, wherein experimental group 3 includes 20 groups of test samples of equivalent.
Embodiment 5：
According to the preparation method of embodiment 1, the present embodiment provides a kind of culture matrix of vermiculite power soilless culture three-coloured amaranth, presses
According to 145 parts of 105 parts of 25 parts of straw particle, vermiculite power, the fertile soil of listed as parts by weight, experimental group 4 is then prepared and carries out pair
Than test, wherein experimental group 4 includes 20 groups of test samples of equivalent.
Embodiment 6：
According to the preparation method of embodiment 1, the present embodiment provides a kind of culture matrix of vermiculite power soilless culture three-coloured amaranth, presses
According to 145 parts of 70 parts of vermiculite power, the fertile soil of listed as parts by weight, experimental group 5 is then prepared and carries out contrast test, wherein testing
Group 5 includes 20 groups of test samples of equivalent.
Contrast experiment：
Above-mentioned experimental group 1-5 is carried out performance test by this experiment first, and adds blank control group, the blank control group
For generic media material.Then the following index of matrix carries out DCO：
Porosity：The measure of porosity uses saturation gravity drainage method, including total porosity, water-holding porosity, passage
The measure of porosity and WGR.A known volume (V) container is taken, claims its quality (W1), by design unit weight dress in this container
Fill out matrix to be measured, claim quality (W2), the container equipped with matrix is soaked into 24h, claims quality (W3), by upper opening of container known to one matter
The moistening gauze of amount (W4) encases, and to prevent fine particle from oozing out, does not have moisture to ooze out into container container upside down, claims its matter
Measure (W5).The porosity calculation formula of matrix is：
Total porosity
Aeration porosity
Water-holding porosity
WGR
Infiltration coefficient：Using head method measure is determined, cutting ring is loaded by test process requirement, soaks 24h, take out cutting ring, and
An idle loop knife is connect above, tight envelope is interfaced to water-tight.Combining cutting ring is put to buchner funnel, and beaker is connect below buchner funnel.
To prevent seepage process mesostroma from being flowed out with moisture along buchner funnel, add filter paper in the cutting ring bottom of combination.Added water in idle loop knife
The water surface is located less than cutting ring mouth 1mm, timing when dripping since the funnel, record 1,3,5,7,10,15,20min etc. when leakage,
The idle loop knife water surface is added into original height simultaneously, and records water temperature, terminates experiment after stablizing to leakage.Each processing repeats 3
It is secondary to average.Infiltration coefficient calculation formula is as follows：
Coefficient of permeability K T=vL/ (h+L) during temperature T, wherein v are seepage velocities, and h is water layer height, and L is matrix height.
Laboratory cultures a kind of sedge dish is tested：The three-coloured amaranth plantation test in a season is carried out, using the temperature of identical proportioning, nutrient solution,
Then the developmental state of every basin plant after measure 60d, including upper strata radical, lower floor's radical and plant height.
Test result such as following table：
From experimental data as can be seen that experimental group 1 is the preparation method and recipe ratio system according to the present embodiment 1 first
Make the sample that forms, 20 groups altogether, then test result remove average value, each item data is preferable, and liquid to steam ratio is more suitable, plantation
Three-coloured amaranth plant height out, root system number keep higher level, not only with preferable yield, and better quality.And experimental group 2-4
It is to be adjusted for the content of vermiculite, experimental group 2 and experimental group 4 are less than in the range of application claims and be higher than respectively
The scope of application claims, and to be 55 experimental group 2 its integrated data have decline to vermiculite content because vermiculite can provide compared with
Good nutrient, further through organic process and high-temperature process, makes it have preferable porosity, can by the vermiculite for adding appropriate
Increase the nutritional ingredient of matrix.And although the experimental data integral level of experimental group 4 that vermiculite parts by weight reach 105 is preferable,
It is little with the gap of experimental group 1, that is to say, that after vermiculite content is more than 100, its increased effect is just less obvious, makes on the contrary
Into the increase of manufacturing cost.Experimental group 5 has been free from straw particle, also without addition water-loss reducer, because straw particle can be given
Plant provides preferable heat insulation effect, then causes whole matrix heat insulation effect to reduce without straw particle so that overall data
It is decreased obviously, water-loss reducer can keep the wetting state of whole matrix, improve water lock effect.It is finally blank control experimental group,
Its overall performance has gap by a relatively large margin compared to all experimental groups, therefore passes through the formula in the present invention and preparation method energy
Enough effective yields and quality for improving three-coloured amaranth.
It is described above, be only presently preferred embodiments of the present invention, any formal limitation not done to the present invention, it is every according to
Any simply modification, the equivalent variations made according to the technical spirit of the present invention to above example, each fall within the protection of the present invention
Within the scope of.
Claims (4)
- A kind of 1. preparation method of the culture matrix of vermiculite power soilless culture three-coloured amaranth, it is characterised in that：Including step once：S1. calculate in parts by weight first and weigh straw particle 25-40 parts, vermiculite power 90-100 parts, fertile soil 130-145 parts and guarantor Aqua 35-48 parts, then place respectively pending；S2. first straw particle, vermiculite power are put into baking oven and carry out vacuum drying 2h with 75 DEG C；S3. by the vermiculite power after drying, straw particle mix be put into vibrator carry out vibrate mixed grinding mixed Powder A；S4. the mixed powder A after grinding is poured into powder mixer, then adds ready fertile soil and water conservation thereto Agent, and mixed fertilizer is added into mixed powder A again, 2-3h is then sufficiently mixed, finished product is finally given and is detected.
- 2. a kind of preparation method of the culture matrix of vermiculite power soilless culture three-coloured amaranth according to claim 1, its feature exist In：The specific method for preparing of vermiculite power is in the step S1：D1. fabric and raw-vermiculite sheet-shaped material is chosen first and is put into open porcelain crucible, is put into by carrier of iron plate in heating furnace, with 980-1100 DEG C carries out heating 1.5h, then power-off cooling；D2. the isopropanol mixed liquor for adding the tributyl phosphate of spraying 34% to the expanded vermiculite after cooling again is stirred, then Filter and use distillation water washing, and be placed again into dryer and obtain dry expanded vermiculite material with 165 DEG C of dry 1.5h；D3. finally expanded vermiculite material is put into grinder and pulverizes and cross 40-60 eye mesh screens and obtain vermiculite power.
- 3. a kind of preparation method of the culture matrix of vermiculite power soilless culture three-coloured amaranth according to claim 1, its feature exist In：Specific preparation process humous is in the step S1：E1. 38-60% garden moulds, 25-40% river sands, 4-7% vegetables rotten leaf, 2-3% withered grass, the 3-4% straw that mass fraction is are chosen first Stalk, 5-10% poultry dungs, are then separated individually placed；E2. fermenting mixture first is made in vegetables rotten leaf, withered grass and poultry dung uniform stirring；E3. terrine bottom and then by fermenting mixture is evenly arranged in, then the stalk crushed is laid on fermenting mixture, The minishanny mixed and river sand are laid on stalk, then constantly laying upwards successively, finally close to terrine opening garden Grave mouth；E4. terrine is placed in the heatable adobe sleeping platform that ground dug or half a year is placed in cellar to one-year age, then take out pottery Internal decomposed soil is drawn out and is mixed to form final fertile soil by tank.
- 4. a kind of preparation method of the culture matrix of vermiculite power soilless culture three-coloured amaranth according to claim 3, its feature exist In：Fermenting mixture thickness degree described in step E3 is 3-5cm, and stalk layer thickness is 2-3cm, and described minishanny and river Husky mixed layer thickness is 7-9cm.
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| CN108901751A (en) * | 2018-07-20 | 2018-11-30 | 河北农业大学 | Solid matrix suitable for three-dimensional planting of vegetables and planting method |
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