CN108293711B - Open field cultivation method for organic dwarf milk white seedling vegetable - Google Patents
Open field cultivation method for organic dwarf milk white seedling vegetable Download PDFInfo
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01B—SOIL WORKING IN AGRICULTURE OR FORESTRY; PARTS, DETAILS, OR ACCESSORIES OF AGRICULTURAL MACHINES OR IMPLEMENTS, IN GENERAL
- A01B79/00—Methods for working soil
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C1/00—Apparatus, or methods of use thereof, for testing or treating seed, roots, or the like, prior to sowing or planting
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C1/00—Apparatus, or methods of use thereof, for testing or treating seed, roots, or the like, prior to sowing or planting
- A01C1/08—Immunising seed
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Abstract
The invention relates to an open field cultivation method of organic dwarf milk white seedling vegetables, which comprises the following steps: 1) selecting a cultivation land block; 2) land block arrangement; 3) selecting seeds; 4) sunning and soaking the seeds in warm water; 5) determining the seeding quantity and seeding; 6) furrow irrigation and drainage management; 7) biological comprehensive control of plant diseases and insect pests; 8) harvesting the qualified seedling vegetables; 9) packaging, storing, transporting and marketing. The invention takes seedling vegetables as the standard of cultivation and collection, adopts the open field cultivation technology, and selects soil, soaks seeds, disinfects, and carries out later physical comprehensive control and standard collection, thereby effectively ensuring that no harmful substances such as medicines, chemicals and the like are polluted in the cultivation, and leading the products on the market to really reach the standard of organic vegetables. The dwarf milk white seedlings cultivated by the method can be sold on the market in large scale, have the quality of sprout vegetables and meet the requirements of consumers.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of agricultural vegetable production, in particular to an open field cultivation method of organic dwarf milk white seedling vegetable.
Background
The milk Chinese cabbage is also called dwarf milk white, is a species with short plant type and wide petiole in the non-heading Chinese cabbage, and is a herb of Brassica brassica brassicae subspecies Chinese cabbage of Brassicaceae. The plant type is short, the plant height is about 20-22 cm, and the development degree is about 25-27 cm. The milk Chinese cabbage has effects of clearing heat, removing fire, removing toxic substance, brightening hair, enhancing immunity, improving eyesight, invigorating spleen, regulating stomach function, moisturizing intestine, strengthening bone, caring skin, nourishing yin, tonifying deficiency, resisting aging, resisting radiation, etc. At present, milk white is collected when 7-8 leaves are used, and consumers with higher requirements on taste feel that the milk white is fragrant and hard to crisp and tender. The sprouting vegetable, also called living vegetable, refers to sprouting vegetables such as tender shoots, seedlings, tender tips and the like which can be cultivated under certain conditions by using plant seeds or other nutritive bodies. The product is clean, pollution-free, green and pollution-free, rich in nutrition, unique in flavor, fragrant, crisp, tender and palatable, and the nutritive value of the germinated seeds is greatly improved, so that the germinated seeds are deeply loved by consumers. However, most of the existing sprouting vegetables are produced by using seedling trays instead of soil, and the seeds are sown on the seedling trays, so that the growth of the sprouting vegetables is met by using the stored nutrients of the seeds or sprouts under indoor weak illumination, and because the nutrients of the sprouts and external illumination are insufficient and the cultivation conditions and technical limitations are caused, the sprouting vegetables are often thin and weak in growth, high in fibrosis degree and poor in quality and taste; and with the development of modern technology, the culture technology of the sprouting vegetable is higher and higher, and the conventional sprouting vegetable production uses medicaments such as carbendazim, potassium permanganate and the like for seed soaking and disinfection, so that the safety of the sprouting vegetable is influenced, and the real organic standard requirement is difficult to meet.
With the improvement of living standard of people, the quality and safety of vegetables are more and more concerned, so green food and organic food are popular among people. The dwarf milk white becomes one of vegetables which are popular with consumers due to the unique taste and rich nutritional value, how to further improve the quality of the existing dwarf milk white, so that the dwarf milk white has the characteristics of cleanness, no pollution, greenness, no public nuisance and the like of seedling vegetables, overcomes the defects of the existing cultivation method, and is very urgent to produce the dwarf milk white which can be put on the market in batches and takes the seedling vegetables as finished products.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to improve and innovate the defects and problems in the background art and provides an open field cultivation method of organic dwarf milk white seedling vegetable on organic certified land according to the production requirements of organic vegetable and taking seedling vegetable products as the marketing and harvesting standard.
The invention comprises the following steps:
1. selecting a cultivation land block: selecting land blocks which are organically authenticated or organically converted for three years or more, and requiring fertile soil, convenient irrigation, good drainage, deep soil layer, no disease and pest damage and no cruciferous loam planted in the former culture.
2. Land block arrangement: when the soil does not contain slurry in fine days, spreading and disinfecting the soil in a whole garden according to the standard of 100-150 kg quicklime per mu, and carrying out soil plowing and airing after plowing; then, paying off and ditching according to the width of 1.4-1.6 m, and finishing into a high furrow with the furrow surface width of 1.1-1.3 m, the furrow width of 0.3-0.4 m and the furrow depth of 0.2-0.3 m; uniformly spreading commercial organic fertilizer meeting the organic production requirement on the surface of the ridge according to the standard of 500-1000 kg per mu, deeply turning the organic fertilizer into the soil of the ridge surface in combination with land leveling, leveling the surface of the ridge, and leveling and straightening the ridge ditch; in seasons with more rain or areas with higher underground water level, the furrow is made to have a height difference of about 2-5 cm between one end and the other end along the water flow direction, or 1-3 cm between the middle of the furrow, so as to drain water.
3. Selecting seeds: selecting the dwarf milk white variety seeds which have full seeds, no disease and pest damage, high seed purity, high germination rate and no rot and mildew.
4. Seed drying and seed soaking in warm water: before sowing, the seeds are aired for 1 day in sunny days, and the shrunken seeds can be winnowed out by using a dustpan; then soaking the seeds in warm water kept at 55-60 ℃ for 10-15 minutes to sterilize the surfaces of the seeds, and draining off water for later use.
5. Determining the seeding quantity and seeding: determining the seed consumption according to the seeding quantity of 0.75-0.95 kg of dry seeds per mu of new seeds or 0.9-1.3 kg of dry seeds per mu of old seeds, and performing seed treatment on the used seeds according to the method in the step 4) to perform seeding; in order to uniformly sow, the seeds are mixed with the screened dry fine soil or fresh coal ash according to the proportion of 1:1, and the seeds are sowed together; and when sowing, sowing for 2-3 times according to the total seed amount so as to ensure uniform sowing.
6. Furrow irrigation and drainage management: after sowing, filling water into the furrow immediately, keeping the water level flush and the furrow edge deep but not overflowing the furrow surface, namely hanging edges, then pouring the sown furrow surface by using a water ladle, and draining the water in the furrow after drenching; repeating the above operations every day until the seeds sprout and break the soil for emergence for 2-3 days; and then, performing normal water management according to the seedling vegetables.
7. Biological comprehensive control of plant diseases and insect pests: the method has the advantages of short seedling vegetable growth period and less pest and disease damage occurrence, integrates land selection in the early stage of sowing, quicklime soil disinfection, soil turning and airing, warm water seed soaking disinfection, land yellow plate insertion in the growth period for trapping and killing, frequency vibration type insect killing lamp trapping and killing, comprehensive pest and disease damage prevention and control by adopting the technologies of matrine, osthole, rotenone, veratrine natural plant source biological pesticide and the like, and strictly forbids the use of any chemical pesticide and herbicide.
8. Harvesting after the seedling vegetables are qualified: after the nanny kohlrabi grows for 25-32 days, the plant grows into 3-5 true leaves with 1 heart, and the plant can be harvested when the plant height is 10-15 cm; the harvesting is preferably carried out after dew is dry in the morning on sunny days and cloudy days, the harvesting is not suitable for being carried out in rainy and snowy days and when soil is particularly moist, the harvesting is preferably carried out by using a bamboo basket or a plastic basket, the surface of the bamboo basket or plastic basket can be covered with a cloth felt for sun protection and moisture preservation when the bamboo basket or plastic basket is fully harvested, the weight of the single basket of the seedling vegetable is not more than 10 kilograms, and the scissors are preferably used for cutting off the upper part of the seedling of the short-foot milk white seedling vegetable and the stem leaves; the method requires that the stem of the seedling vegetable is milk white, the whole plant is intact, the leaves are dark green, thick and complete, and are not rotten and scared, and the proportion of yellow leaves, insect eyes, silt and impurities is not more than 2%; the yield per mu is 275-375 kg.
9. Packaging, storing, transporting and marketing: the harvested qualified dwarf milk white seedling vegetable is timely delivered to a warehouse at 4-10 ℃ for precooling treatment, then according to an order, according to the standard of 6-8 per package and the placing mode of consistent head and tail of seedling vegetable plants, a special organic seedling vegetable packaging box is adopted for packaging, after packaging, an organic dwarf milk white seedling vegetable label is attached, and a special transport vehicle with a cold chain system is packaged, wherein the low temperature is required to be kept at 4-10 ℃ in the cold chain transportation process, and the seedling vegetable is required to be prevented from being watered and sprayed with water in the storage and packaging process.
The cultivation method adopts open field cultivation in the whole process.
The cultivation land is turned over and aired for 3-7 days.
Furthermore, the optimal dosage of the organic fertilizer applied to the ridge surface is 600-800 kg/mu.
Furthermore, the new seeds sowed by the invention are the new seeds with high germination rate produced in the same year, and the optimal sowing amount is 0.8-0.9 kg/mu.
Furthermore, the best harvest method is that the dwarf milk white seedling vegetable grows into 3-4 true leaves and 1 heart when being harvested.
Furthermore, the ratio of yellow leaves, insect eyes, silt and impurities in the collected dwarf milk white seedling vegetable is not more than 1 percent, which is the best.
The invention has the advantages and beneficial effects that:
the invention takes the seedling vegetable as the standard for cultivation and collection, adopts the open field cultivation technology and adopts standardized operation, so that the milk white seedling vegetable has regular growth, high yield and good quality. The invention selects soil, soaks seeds, disinfects, and then physically and comprehensively prevents and achieves the standard for harvesting, thereby effectively ensuring that no harmful substances such as medicines, chemicals and the like are polluted in the cultivation, and leading the products on the market to really reach the standard of organic vegetables. The invention adopts organic soil for cultivation, effectively improves the soil structure through disinfection, ploughing, airing and the like, and enables the cultivation soil to be more suitable for the growth of seedling vegetables through refinement and weathering. By ditching and ridging, the daily management is facilitated, and the later-stage irrigation is more facilitated. The invention promotes seedling acceleration and improves germination rate through seed drying, seed soaking and disinfection, so that the yield reaches 750 jin per mu. The invention sets up a special harvesting standard, ensures the quality of the vegetables on the market, can be sold on a large scale, and the cultivated dwarf milk white seedling vegetables are picked in 3-5 days and 7-8 leaves of the conventional dwarf milk white seedling vegetables, thereby having the quality of the sprout vegetables and meeting the requirements of consumers.
Detailed Description
In order to facilitate an understanding of the invention, several embodiments of the invention are set forth below. This invention may, however, be embodied in many different forms and should not be construed as limited to the embodiments set forth herein. Rather, these embodiments are provided so that this disclosure will be thorough and complete.
Unless defined otherwise, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this invention belongs. The terminology used in the description is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of the invention.
Example 1:
1. the organically certified open field organic land parcel is selected, and is required to have fertile soil, convenient irrigation, good drainage, deep soil layer, no harm of diseases and insects, and no prior culture of the soil garden soil planted with cruciferae. When the soil is dry in sunny days, the soil is spread and disinfected in a whole garden according to the standard of 120 kilograms of quicklime per mu, the soil is ploughed, and the soil is aired for 3 days after ploughing. Then, paying off and ditching according to the width of 1.4 m (covering the ditch), and finishing into a high furrow with the furrow surface width of 1.1 m, the furrow width of 0.3 m and the furrow depth of 0.2 m. And then uniformly spreading the commercial organic fertilizer which is produced according to 500 kilograms per mu and accords with the organic standard on the ridge surface, combining with land leveling, deeply turning the organic fertilizer into the soil of the ridge surface, leveling the ridge surface, and leveling and straightening the ridge ditch. In seasons with more rain or areas with higher underground water level, the furrow is finished into a height difference of about 2-5 cm between one end and the other end along the water flow direction so as to facilitate drainage.
2. Selecting new dwarf milk white seeds which are full, free from diseases and pests, high in seed purity and high in purity and have high germination rate in the current year, airing the seeds for 1 day in sunny days before sowing, winnowing the shrunken seeds, continuously soaking the seeds in warm water at 55 ℃ for 14 minutes for seed surface disinfection, and draining water for later use.
3. And (3) determining the seed consumption according to the seeding quantity of 0.75 kg of new dry seeds per mu, and performing seed treatment on the used seeds according to the method in the step 2 to obtain the seeds. In order to uniformly sow, the seeds can be mixed with screened dry fine soil according to the proportion of 1:1 and sowed simultaneously, and when sowing, sowing is carried out for 2 times (80 percent and 20 percent) according to the total seed quantity. Uniform seeding (seed fresh, low spring and autumn, moderate winter, highest summer)
4. And after sowing, filling water into the furrow immediately, keeping the water surface flush with the furrow edge deep but not spreading over the furrow surface, then watering the furrow surface with a water ladle, draining the water in the furrow after the furrow surface is thoroughly watered, and repeating the operation every day until the seeds sprout, break the soil and emerge on the 2 nd day. And then, performing normal water management according to the seedling vegetables.
5. Biological comprehensive control of plant diseases and insect pests: the seedling vegetable growth period is short, the occurrence of plant diseases and insect pests is less, the selection of plots in the early sowing period, the sterilization of quicklime soil, the ploughing and airing of soil, the sterilization of warm-water seed soaking seeds, the trap and killing of yellow board inserted in the plots in the growth period, the trap and killing of a frequency vibration type insecticidal lamp, the comprehensive control of the plant diseases and insect pests by adopting the technologies of natural plant source biological pesticides such as matrine, osthole, rotenone, veratrine and the like can be integrated, and any chemical pesticide and herbicide are forbidden.
6. Collecting when the nanny kohlrabi grows for 28 days, the plant grows into 3-5 true leaves with 1 heart and the plant height is 10-15 cm; the harvesting is preferably carried out after dew is dry in the morning on sunny days and cloudy days, the harvesting is not suitable for being carried out in rainy and snowy days and when soil is particularly moist, the harvesting is preferably carried out by using a bamboo basket or a plastic basket, the surface of the bamboo basket or plastic basket can be covered with a cloth felt for sun protection and moisture preservation when the bamboo basket or plastic basket is fully harvested, the weight of the single basket of the seedling vegetable is not more than 10 kilograms, and the scissors are preferably used for cutting off the upper part of the seedling of the short-foot milk white seedling vegetable and the stem leaves; the method requires that the stem of the seedling vegetable is milk white, the whole plant is intact, the leaves are dark green, thick and complete, and are not rotten and scared, and the proportion of yellow leaves, insect eyes, silt and impurities is not more than 2%; the yield per mu is 330 kg.
7. The harvested qualified dwarf milk white seedling vegetable is timely delivered to a warehouse at 5 ℃ for precooling treatment, then according to an order, according to the standard of 6 two per package and the placing mode of consistent head and tail of the seedling vegetable plant, a special organic seedling vegetable packaging box is adopted for packaging, after packaging, an organic dwarf milk white seedling vegetable label is attached, and a special transport vehicle with a cold chain system is packaged, wherein the low temperature of 8 ℃ is required to be kept in the cold chain transportation process, and the seedling vegetable water fetching and water spraying in the storage and packaging process are to be prevented.
Example 2:
1. the open field land parcel organically converted for three years is selected, the soil is fertile, the irrigation is convenient, the drainage is good, the soil layer is deep, the damage of diseases and insects is avoided, and the prior culture of the loam garden soil without cruciferae is realized. When the soil is dry in sunny days, the soil is spread and disinfected in a whole garden according to the standard of 100 kilograms of quicklime per mu, the soil is ploughed, and the soil is aired for 5 days after ploughing. Then, paying off and ditching according to the width of 1.5 meters (covering the ditch), and finishing into a high furrow with the furrow surface width of 1.2 meters, the furrow width of 0.3 meters and the furrow depth of 0.2 meters. And then uniformly spreading commercial organic fertilizer which is produced according to 700 kilograms per mu and accords with the organic standard on the ridge surface, combining land leveling, deeply turning the organic fertilizer into the soil of the ridge surface, leveling the ridge surface, and leveling and straightening the ridge ditch. In seasons with more rain or areas with higher underground water level, the furrow is finished into a height difference of about 2-5 cm between one end and the other end along the water flow direction so as to facilitate drainage.
2. Selecting the four-season dwarf milk white aged seeds which are full, free from diseases and pests, high in seed purity, high in germination rate and free from rotting and mildew, and performing a germination rate experiment, wherein the germination rate is 80%. Before sowing, seeds are aired for 1 day on a sunny day, the shrunken seeds are winnowed out by a dustpan, the seeds are soaked in warm water at the temperature of 55 ℃ for 12 minutes, and then the water is drained for standby.
3. And (3) determining the seed consumption according to the seeding rate of 1.2 kilograms of dry seeds (old seeds, seeds with low germination rate, which are suitable for high-temperature drought seasons, and the more the seeding rate is), and performing seed treatment on the seeds according to the method in the step 2 to perform seeding. In order to uniformly sow, the seeds can be mixed with the screened fresh coal ash according to the proportion of 1:1, and meanwhile, when sowing, sowing is carried out for 3 times (60%, 20% and 20%) according to the total seed quantity. Uniform seeding (seed fresh, low spring and autumn, moderate winter, highest summer)
4. And after sowing, filling water into the furrow immediately, keeping the water surface flush with the furrow edge deep but not spreading over the furrow surface, then watering the furrow surface with a water ladle, draining the water in the furrow after the furrow surface is thoroughly watered, and repeating the operation every day until the seeds sprout, break the soil and emerge on the 2 nd day. According to normal moisture management.
5. Biological comprehensive control of plant diseases and insect pests: the seedling vegetable growth period is short, the occurrence of plant diseases and insect pests is less, the selection of plots in the early sowing period, the sterilization of quicklime soil, the ploughing and airing of soil, the sterilization of warm-water seed soaking seeds, the trap and killing of yellow board inserted in the plots in the growth period, the trap and killing of a frequency vibration type insecticidal lamp, the comprehensive control of the plant diseases and insect pests by adopting the technologies of natural plant source biological pesticides such as matrine, osthole, rotenone, veratrine and the like can be integrated, and any chemical pesticide and herbicide are forbidden.
6. Collecting when the nanny kohlrabi grows for 30 days, the plant grows into 4-5 true leaves with 1 heart and the plant height is 12-15 cm; the harvesting is preferably carried out after dew is dry in the morning on sunny days and cloudy days, the harvesting is not suitable for being carried out in rainy and snowy days and when soil is particularly moist, the harvesting is preferably carried out by using a bamboo basket or a plastic basket, the surface of the bamboo basket or plastic basket can be covered with a cloth felt for sun protection and moisture preservation when the bamboo basket or plastic basket is fully harvested, the weight of the single basket of the seedling vegetable is not more than 10 kilograms, and the scissors are preferably used for cutting off the upper part of the seedling of the short-foot milk white seedling vegetable and the stem leaves; the method requires that the stem of the seedling vegetable is milk white, the whole plant is intact, the leaves are dark green, thick and complete, and are not rotten and scared, and the proportion of yellow leaves, insect eyes, silt and impurities is not more than 2%; the yield per mu is 300 kg.
7. The harvested qualified dwarf milk white seedling vegetable is timely delivered to a 7 ℃ warehouse for precooling treatment, then according to an order, according to 8-two standards of each package and a putting mode of consistent head and tail of seedling vegetable plants, a special organic seedling vegetable packaging box is adopted for packaging, after packaging, an organic dwarf milk white seedling vegetable label is attached, and a special transport vehicle with a cold chain system is packaged, wherein the low temperature of 7 ℃ is required to be kept in the cold chain transportation process, and the seedling vegetable is prevented from being watered and sprayed with water in the storage and packaging process.
Example 3:
1. the open field land parcel organically converted for four years is selected, the soil is fertile, the irrigation is convenient, the drainage is good, the soil layer is deep, the damage of diseases and insects is avoided, and the prior culture of the loam garden soil without cruciferae is realized. When the soil is dry in sunny days, the soil is spread and disinfected in a whole garden according to the standard of 150 kilograms of quicklime per mu, the soil is ploughed, and the soil is aired for 7 days after ploughing. Then, paying off and ditching according to the width of 1.6 meters (covering the ditch), and finishing into a high furrow with the furrow surface width of 1.3 meters, the furrow width of 0.4 meters and the furrow depth of 0.3 meters. Then, uniformly spreading commercial organic fertilizer which is produced according to 1000 kilograms per mu and accords with the organic standard on the ridge surface, combining with land leveling, deeply turning the organic fertilizer into the soil of the ridge surface, leveling the ridge surface, and leveling and straightening the ridge ditch. In seasons with more rain or areas with higher underground water level, the furrow is finished to be a little higher than the two ends by 1-3 cm in the middle so as to facilitate drainage.
2. The method comprises the steps of selecting the perennial dwarf milk white seeds which are full, free of diseases and insect damages, high in seed purity, high in germination rate, free of decay and mildew and produced in the current year, airing the seeds for 1 day in a sunny day before sowing, winnowing the shrunken seeds with a dustpan, soaking the seeds in warm soup at 58 ℃ for 10 minutes, and draining the water for later use.
3. And (3) determining the seed consumption according to the seeding quantity of dry seeds of 0.9 kg per mu (the new seeds with higher seed germination rate are more suitable for growing seasons, and the seeding quantity is less), and performing seed treatment on the used seeds according to the method in the step 2 to perform seeding. For uniform sowing, the seeds can be mixed with the screened dry fine soil according to the ratio of 1:1, and meanwhile, sowing is carried out for 2 times (75 percent and 25 percent) according to the total seed amount during sowing. Uniform seeding (seed fresh, low spring and autumn, moderate winter, highest summer)
4. And after sowing, filling water into the furrow immediately, keeping the water surface flush with the furrow edge deep but not spreading over the furrow surface, then watering the furrow surface with a water ladle, draining the water in the furrow after the furrow surface is thoroughly watered, and repeating the operation every day until the seeds sprout, break the soil and emerge on day 3. According to normal moisture management.
5. Biological comprehensive control of plant diseases and insect pests: the seedling vegetable growth period is short, the occurrence of plant diseases and insect pests is less, the selection of plots in the early sowing period, the sterilization of quicklime soil, the ploughing and airing of soil, the sterilization of warm-water seed soaking seeds, the trap and killing of yellow board inserted in the plots in the growth period, the trap and killing of a frequency vibration type insecticidal lamp, the comprehensive control of the plant diseases and insect pests by adopting the technologies of natural plant source biological pesticides such as matrine, osthole, rotenone, veratrine and the like can be integrated, and any chemical pesticide and herbicide are forbidden.
6. Collecting when the nanny kohlrabi grows for 30 days, the plant grows into 3-4 true leaves with 1 heart and the plant height is 10-12 cm; the harvesting is preferably carried out after dew is dry in the morning on sunny days and cloudy days, the harvesting is not suitable for being carried out in rainy and snowy days and when soil is particularly moist, the harvesting is preferably carried out by using a bamboo basket or a plastic basket, the surface of the bamboo basket or plastic basket can be covered with a cloth felt for sun protection and moisture preservation when the bamboo basket or plastic basket is fully harvested, the weight of the single basket of the seedling vegetable is not more than 10 kilograms, and the scissors are preferably used for cutting off the upper part of the seedling of the short-foot milk white seedling vegetable and the stem leaves; the method requires that the stem of the seedling vegetable is milk white, the whole plant is intact, the leaves are dark green, thick and complete, and the seedling vegetable is free from rotten leaves and scab, and the proportion of yellow leaves, worm eyes, silt and sundries is not more than 1%; the yield per mu is 360 kg.
7. The harvested qualified dwarf milk white seedling vegetable is timely delivered to a 9 ℃ warehouse for precooling treatment, then according to an order, according to the standard of 7 two per package and the placing mode of consistent head and tail of the seedling vegetable plant, a special organic seedling vegetable packaging box is adopted for packaging, after packaging, an organic dwarf milk white seedling vegetable label is attached, and a special transport vehicle with a cold chain system is packaged, wherein the low temperature of 8 ℃ is required to be kept in the cold chain transportation process, and the seedling vegetable is prevented from being watered and sprayed with water in the storage and packaging process.
The embodiments of the present invention are described only for the preferred embodiments of the present invention, and not for the limitation of the concept and scope of the present invention, and various modifications and improvements made to the technical solution of the present invention by those skilled in the art without departing from the design concept of the present invention shall fall into the protection scope of the present invention, and the technical content of the present invention which is claimed is fully set forth in the claims.
Claims (1)
1. An open field cultivation method for organic dwarf milk white seedling vegetables is characterized in that the whole cultivation method adopts open field cultivation, and comprises the following steps:
1) selecting a cultivation land block: selecting plots which are organically authenticated or organically converted for three years or more, and requiring fertile soil, convenient irrigation, good drainage, deep soil layer, no disease and pest damage and no cruciferous loam planted in the previous crop;
2) land block arrangement: when the soil does not contain slurry in fine days, spreading and disinfecting the soil in a whole garden according to the standard of 100-150 kg quicklime per mu, and turning the soil, and airing for 3-7 days after turning; then, paying off and ditching according to the width of 1.4-1.6 m, and finishing into a high furrow with the furrow surface width of 1.1-1.3 m, the furrow width of 0.3-0.4 m and the furrow depth of 0.2-0.3 m; uniformly spreading commercial organic fertilizer meeting the organic production requirement on the surface of the ridge according to the standard of 600-800 kg per mu, deeply turning the organic fertilizer into the soil of the ridge surface in combination with land leveling, leveling the surface of the ridge, and leveling and straightening the ridge ditch; in seasons with more rainwater or areas with higher underground water level, the furrow is made to have a height difference of 2-5 cm higher at one end than at the other end along the water flow direction, or 1-3 cm higher at the middle part of the furrow so as to drain water;
3) selecting seeds: selecting dwarf milk white variety seeds which are full, free from diseases and insect damages, high in seed purity, high in germination rate and free from rotting and mildew;
4) seed drying and seed soaking in warm water: before sowing, the seeds are aired for 1 day in sunny days, and the shrunken seeds are winnowed out by a dustpan; then continuously soaking the seeds in warm water kept at 55-60 ℃ for 10-15 minutes to sterilize the surfaces of the seeds, and draining off water for later use;
5) determining the seeding quantity and seeding: determining the seed consumption according to the seeding quantity of 0.8-0.9 kg of dry seeds per mu of new seeds or 0.9-1.3 kg of dry seeds per mu of old seeds with high germination rate produced in the current year, and performing seed treatment on the seeds according to the method in the step 4) to perform seeding; in order to uniformly sow, mixing the seeds with screened dry fine soil or fresh coal ash according to the proportion of 1:1, and sowing the seeds together; when sowing, sowing for 2-3 times according to the total seed amount to ensure uniform sowing;
6) furrow irrigation and drainage management: after sowing, filling water into the furrow immediately, keeping the water level flush and the furrow edge deep but not overflowing the furrow surface, namely hanging edges, then pouring the sown furrow surface by using a water ladle, and draining the water in the furrow after drenching; repeating the above operations every day until the seeds sprout and break the soil for emergence for 2-3 days; then, the seedling vegetables are managed according to normal moisture;
7) biological comprehensive control of plant diseases and insect pests: the method has the advantages that the seedling vegetable growth period is short, the occurrence of plant diseases and insect pests is few, the selection of plots at the early stage of seeding is integrated, the sterilization of quicklime soil is realized, the soil is ploughed and aired, the sterilization of warm water seed soaking seeds and the trapping and killing of plots in the growth period by inserting yellow boards, the trapping and killing of frequency-vibrating insect-killing lamps are installed, the comprehensive control of the plant diseases and insect pests is realized by adopting natural botanical biological pesticides of matrine, osthole, rotenone and veratrine, and any chemical pesticide and herbicide are forbidden;
8) harvesting after the seedling vegetables are qualified: after the nanny kohlrabi grows for 25-32 days, the plant grows into 3-4 true leaves with 1 heart and is collected when the plant height is 10-15 cm; the harvesting is preferably carried out after dew is dry in the morning on sunny days and cloudy days, the harvesting is not suitable for being carried out in rainy and snowy days and when soil is particularly moist, the harvesting is preferably carried out by using a bamboo basket or a plastic basket, the surface of the basket is covered with a cloth felt for sun protection and moisture preservation when the basket is fully harvested, the weight of the single basket of seedling vegetable is not more than 10 kilograms, and the scissors are preferably used for trimming the leaves of the short-foot milk white seedling vegetable and cutting the stems and leaves above the seedlings; the method requires that the stem of the seedling vegetable is milk white, the whole plant is intact, the leaves are dark green, thick and complete, rotten leaves and disease-free leaf spots are avoided, and the proportion of yellow leaves, insect eyes, silt and sundries is not more than 1%; the yield per mu is 275-375 kg;
9) packaging, storing, transporting and marketing: the harvested qualified dwarf milk white seedling vegetable is timely delivered to a warehouse at 4-10 ℃ for precooling treatment, then according to an order, according to the standard of 6-8 per package and the placing mode of consistent head and tail of seedling vegetable plants, a special organic seedling vegetable packaging box is adopted for packaging, after packaging, an organic dwarf milk white seedling vegetable label is attached, and a special transport vehicle with a cold chain system is packaged, wherein the low temperature is required to be kept at 4-10 ℃ in the cold chain transportation process, and the seedling vegetable is required to be prevented from being watered and sprayed with water in the storage and packaging process.
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