CN106550737A - Planting platycodon radix technology is planted leanly in south - Google Patents
Planting platycodon radix technology is planted leanly in south Download PDFInfo
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- Agricultural Chemicals And Associated Chemicals (AREA)
Abstract
The present invention discloses south and plants planting platycodon radix technology, including selection of land site preparation, propagation method, field management, pest and disease damage and its preventing and treating, technology of reserving seed for planting, harvesting and processing, packaging, storage and transport, wherein selection of land site preparation leanly：Select it is leeward on the sunny side, soil is deep, the loose fertile, content of organic matter is abundant, moistening and well-drained sandy loam；Propagation method：Carry out spring sowing, nursery transplanting, rhizome or reed head reproduction technique；Field management：Do seedling management, middle weeding, the work topdressed well；Pest and disease damage and its preventing and treating：Root rot, the preventing and treating of spot blight are noted in disease, black cutworm, the preventing and treating of worm aphid in insect pest, is noted；Reserve seed for planting technology：Again cultivation seed is planted from 2 years raw plant；Harvesting and processing：Harvest, clean and scrape off crust and dry in time or dry；Packaging, storage and transport：Balloonflower root is packed with bale packing, stores in and is dried ventilation, guards against damp.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to medicinal material field of planting, espespecially southern to plant planting platycodon radix technology leanly.
Background technology
Platycodon grandiflouorum herbaceos perennial.Platycodin is mainly contained, after its hydrolysis, platycodigenin, polygalic acid etc. is produced
Material.Additionally, also containing platycogenic acid, liquor-saturated coffin thing steroid, glucoside, amino acid and Alkaloid etc..It is mild-natured, bitter,
It is pungent.Balloonflower root is deep root system plant, and root is sturdy and increases with the age, then more than 15 centimetres of main root length, 7～9 in the 2nd year
Month is the vigorous period of root, and when digging is adopted, root length is up to 50 centimetres.Come up to putting forth before 6 centimetres, the growth of stem
It is relatively slow, stem it is high 6 centimetres to blooming before 6 centimetres, the growth of stem is slower, and high 6 centimetres of stem grew quickening to blooming before,
Post flowering slows down, 7～September of florescence, 8～November of fruiting period, and less than 10 degree are fallen seedling, and root can survive the winter in underground.Balloonflower root is suitably planted
Train in rich in phosphorus, the neutral folder sandy soil of potash fertilizer.Phosphate fertilizer is imposed, the Drying rate of root can be improved.It is balloonflower root happiness sunlight, resistance to dry,
It should be noted that rainy season draining.Although balloonflower root requires not sternly, to be adapted to plant more to weather conditions, leanly to south, i.e., stone is pressed from both sides
The soil of red soil, needs to apply available fertilizer, is just successfully planted.
The content of the invention
Present invention aim at providing south plants planting platycodon radix technology leanly, the technology adopts many seed manure mixed cultures, becomes lean
Patent medicine plant is suitable for fertilely, the environmentally friendly medicine of cultivation administration, the Platycodon grandiflouorum healthful Chinese crud drug planted out, the extensive plantation of balloonflower root medicinal material,
Beneficial to economic development, local hospital is again with fully using medicinal material.
Technical proposal that the invention solves the above-mentioned problems, comprises the following steps that：
1. selection of land site preparation：Select it is leeward on the sunny side, soil is deep, the loose fertile, content of organic matter is abundant, moistening and draining is good
Sandy loam preferably, preceding crop is advisable with pulse family, gramineous crop, plants winter of first 1 year, is deep ploughed 25～40 centimetres,
Make soil weathering, and the debris such as cleared stone, grass roots, then, per mu is applied the mixed fertilizers such as barnyard manure, plant ash, compost 3000 for plantation
Kilogram and 30 kilograms of calcium superphosphate, apply rear plow harrow 1 time, leveling rake is thin, does furrow, and furrow are high 15～20 centimetres, wide 120 centimetres,
30～40 centimetres of furrow ditch, depending on furrow length is according to irrigation conditions and landform.
2. propagation method
(1) spring sowing growth period is long, and yield and quality are high, sow in spring in late March to mid-April, Seed Treatment：Soaked using lukewarm water
Kind of vernalization, seed is placed in 50 degree of warm water stir to water it is cool after, then soak 8 hours and pull out, wrapped with wet cloth, be positioned over 25
Where～30 degree, covered with the wet piece of sack above, morning and evening warm water is poured 1 time daily, sowed after 4～5 days Seed sproutings,
Seed is soaked 1 day with mass fraction 0.3%-0.5% liquor potassic permanganates before sowing, takes out, wash away liquid, dry sowing,
To improve germination percentage；Sowing：It is in production to adopt drilling more, shallow ridges is opened for 20～25 centimetres by line-spacing, 2～3 centimetres of ditch depth will
Seed is uniformly sowed in ditch；Also seed can be mixed fine sand (by 1: 10) to be uniformly sprinkled in ditch, fine earth lid is covered after broadcasting and is put down, slightly town
Pressure, arid area will be watered after broadcasting moisturizing, or in furrow face lid grass heat and moisture preserving, and per mu with 0.8～1.0 kilogram of seed.
(2) nursery transplanting：Carry out before transplanting period is freeze-up in the winter time or before emerging after spring break, preferably winter transplanting, in choosing
20 centimetres of deep ditches are opened in good furrow face, by 25～30 centimetres of line-spacing, 5～7 centimetres of spacing in the rows plantation balloonflower root seedling, root is relaxed
The site of an exhibition is planted in ditch, farm manure is placed on root, then blinding.
(3) rhizome or the breeding of reed head：When harvesting balloonflower root, selection physically well develops, the plant of no disease and pests harm, from 1 centimetre below reed head
Reed head is cut at place, is mixed with thin burnt dust-ashes, you can planted.
3. field management
(1) seedling management：Careless heat and moisture preserving is added a cover before emerging, and it is noted that is watered, holding ground moistening, after emerging, is removed at once
Uncapping grass, then pours 1 time thin liquid dung, carries out thinning, pull out thin and delicate seedling during 1～2 centimetre of height of seedling, and height of seedling is up to 3～4 centimetres
When press 10～12 centimetres of final singlings of spacing in the rows, make 6～70,000 plants of every mu of Basic Seedling, final singling to combine in weeding, height of seedling 20
Centimetre when, ditch in the ranks, per mu applies 25 kilograms of calcium superphosphate, 15 kilograms of ammonium sulfate, is then loosened the soil, tight to bury
Fertilizer.
(2) weeding in：Seedling Stage answers diligent weeding to loosen the soil, and the little appropriate to the occasion hand-lifting of seedling is cut weeds, in order to avoid seedling is damaged, and
Should carry out with reference to weeding thinning, in good time intertillage, weeding are needed after field planting, is loosened the soil, loosing soil is kept without weeds, loosened the soil preferably
Shallow, in order to avoid hindering root, intertillage should be carried out when soil dry humidity is moderate, and plant grows up after sealing ridge should not carry out middle weeding again,
Combined before rainy season and loosen the soil and carry out ditch cleaning ridging, prevent lodging, rainy season exclusively internal water accumulation in time, to prevent the generation of root rot.
(3) topdress：Base manure to be used sufficient during balloonflower root site preparation, growth period is also performed to repeatedly topdress, it is to meet the needs of its growth, fixed
After seedling should impose 1 dilute people and animals' liquid dung in time；During about 15 centimetres of height of seedling, ditch in the ranks and apply 1 people and animals' liquid dung again, or often
Mu imposes 20 kilograms of calcium superphosphate, 12 kilograms of ammonium sulfate, loosens the soil after applying；When 6～July blooms, per mu applies 1000～1200
Kilogram people and animals' fecaluria, early September add fertilizer depending on the growth of cereal crop seedlings, meet arid and suitably should water, when company is cloudy rainy for exempt from rotten it should be noted that
Draining, in addition to seed-plot, defloration really, should reduce nutrient consumption, when spraying foliage fertilizer, should select calm without rain, without dew in batches
Water, the morning without dense fog, 5～August sprayed 1 foliage fertilizer every 15～20 days, stop spray fertilizer in 1 month before results,
Enter winter aerial part it is withered after, earth up with reference to ditch cleaning, apply plant ash or farmyard manure, the 2nd year beginning of spring neat after seedling, apply 1 time it is dilute
People and animals' liquid dung, to accelerate plant to turn green growth；Before 5～June blooms, then 1 people and animals' liquid dung is imposed, or apply urine rope 10,000
Gram, 25 kilograms of calcium superphosphate, further promote cauline leaf growth, blossom and have seeds, and the root growth for the later stage provides enough foster
Material.
(4) prevent balloonflower root trouble root：Balloonflower root commodity are preferred with straight strip, the solid, root that branches off less, and the balloonflower root for forming trouble root is normal
There are many conjunction roots, have the also tridentate of y-bend, less than 3 centimetres, lateral root, supporting root three, four is this kind of for some main root tubbiness
Phenomenon largely effects on balloonflower root quality, solves the problems, such as that balloonflower root trouble root will be accomplished：The balloonflower root of cultivation should reject the unnecessary symptom of a trend at any time, especially
It is many seedlings most easily occur when the spring turns green within the 2nd year, will now pays special attention to, the unnecessary symptom of a trend of growing sturdily is removed, keeps 1 plant of 1 seedling,
Simultaneously to apply phosphate fertilizer, Shaoshi nitrogen potash fertilizer prevents aerial part excessive growth, pinches if necessary more, reduces nutrient consumption, is just promoting root
It is frequently grown.
(5) defloration：The balloonflower root florescence is longer, blooms and many, and growing for flowers and fruits can consume substantial amounts of nutriment, removes part
Flowers and fruits, reduce the consumption to nutrient, make more Assimilates be stored in root, are an effective measures of balloonflower root volume increase.
4. pest and disease damage and its preventing and treating
(1) disease
1. root rot causes harm root, is microbial by Fungi Imperfecti reaping hook in fungi, falls ill in 6～August, and initial stage root local is in
Yellowish-brown and rot, gradually expand later, when falling ill serious, aerial part is all withered and cause plant dead；Prevention and controls：
A. note crop rotation, drain the water away in time, plant in low-lying land or area of heavy rainfull, high ridge should be made；B. per mu of use bacterium more than 50 during site preparation
Spirit carries out soil disinfection；C. diseased plant, sick cave lime disinfection are pulled out in time；D. 50% Tuzet of early stage mass fraction can
500 times of liquid of WP or mass fraction 40% Hinosan, 1000 times of perfusions, per 15 days 1 time, continuously with 3～4 times.
2. spot blight is that leaf two sides of being fallen ill has a scab, and circular or subcircular, 2～5 centimetres of diameter, white are often limited by vein,
Upper raw pore, when serious, scab converges, and blade is withered, is to embrace the microbial a kind of leaf of category by Fungi Imperfecti shell pin in fungi
Portion's disease；Prevention and controls：A. field deadwood, sick leaf and weeds are concentrated and are burnt by winter clear garden；B. summer high temperature morbidity season,
Strengthen field drainage, reduce field humidity, to mitigate morbidity；C. 1: 1: 100 Bordeaux mixture of early stage, or quality point
600 times of liquid of several 65% zineb, or 50% carbendazim of matter clay fraction, 1000 times of liquid sprinklings.
(2) insect pest
1. black cutworm：Often bite seedling broken and pull into from ground and sting food, or sting food not unearthed young shoot, cause disconnected seedling
It is short of seedling, the young browse of totality branch can be also stung when the hardening of balloonflower root plant base portion or wet weather, occurred in 1 year 4 generations, with aging
Larva and pupa are survived the winter in soil, and adult hides under soil seam, dead leaf, in weeds daytime, evening outdoor activity, and having
Property, ovum dissipates and originates in soil seam, fallen leaves, weeds etc., larva totally 6 age. and minority had 7～8 ages, had seemingly-dead property, not enough in foodstuff
When can migrate, after 3 age of larva daytime hide table soil under, nocturnalism is caused harm, and 1st generation larva late April is to the first tenday period of a month in May
Occur, seedling stage balloonflower root is aggrieved heavier；Prevention and controls：Field Weeds Around and dry branches and fallen leaves are removed between a.3～April, elimination is survived the winter
Larva and pupa；B. early morning before sunrise, check field, find there is aperture above near new killed seedling, cut the earth immediately and catch and kill larva；
C.4 in～May, when black cutworm starts to cause harm, cave is poured with mass fraction 90% metrifonate, 1000 times of liquid.
2. worm aphid：Worm draws juice on balloonflower root tender leaf, young sprout, causes Leaf of Platycodon Grandiflorum to turn to be yellow, plant atrophy, undergrowth, and 4
～June causes harm most by force, and after June, temperature is raised, and rainwater increases, and aphid domain is reduced, and increases to August insect population, subsequently because of weather
Condition is uncomfortable, produces alate viviparous female, survives the winter on other plant host of migrating；Prevention and controls：A. weeds in field is removed, is subtracted
Survive the winter less insect density；B. find that aphid sprays 50% Aphox wettable powder, 2000 times of liquid, or mass fraction when breeding immediately
40% 1500～2000 times of Rogor liquid, sprayed 1 time, continuous 2～3 times per 7～10 days.
5. reserve seed for planting technology：The balloonflower root sowed then bloom it is less, it is born seeds slight of stature and it is shrivelled, its germination percentage be 15%～20%,
Of poor quality, vigor is low, and the seedling for growing is thin and delicate, should not use, so the most handy 2 years raw plant of cultivation balloonflower root plant training again
Breeding, such Seed of Platycodon Grandiflorum is full and germination percentage is high, and the balloonflower root florescence is up to 3 months or so, and its elder generation blooms from top bolting,
Fruit is also first ripe by top, and in order to cultivate excellent kind family, 6～July cuts off the inflorescence of little side shoot and top ends, promotes fruit
Maturation, makes seed full, improves seed quality, and between 9～October, balloonflower root capsule is from green to yellow, carpopodium is by blue-stain is black, seed becomes
When black is ripe, related carpopodium is cut off, and puts the indoor after-ripening of aeration-drying 3～4 days, then dries, threshing, removes impurity,
Note harvesting in time, otherwise capsule is dry and cracked, and seed is scattered, it is difficult to collect.
6. harvesting and processing：After planting second and third harvests balloonflower root in year, before spring rudiment or autumn Mo harvests, clean stem, leaf
On soil and impurity, scrape off crust (rossing will be taken advantage of fresh, be carried out after preferably digging back at once, and the time is oversize, and root skin is difficult to peel off,
Root skin is scraped clean balloonflower root root and is dried comparatively fast), dry in time or dry, in order to avoid moldy metamorphism and the color that gets rusty, when drying, Jing is often turned over
It is dynamic, shine to absolutely dry, or be cut into the thin slice of 1.5 millimeters, dry.
7. packaging, transport and storage：Balloonflower root bale packing, per 30 kilograms of part；Huo Ya Shrink wrapping articles, per 50 kilograms of part,
Store in and be dried ventilation, temperature below 30 degree, easily damaged by worms, sent out by safe moisture 12%～15%, relative humidity 75%, balloonflower root
Mould, discoloration, bellding, store color long and easily deepen, or even have grease to ooze out, guard against damp, and the moisture absorption is easily mouldy, hides insect more
Internal moth of hideing loses；Storage period should be made regular check on, and find the moisture absorption or slightly go mouldy, damage by worms, will dry in time, and use aluminum phosphate
Smoked kill, nitrogen charging maintenance, effect are more preferable.
Beneficial effects of the present invention：Using many seed manure mixed cultures, the Platycodon grandiflouorum healthful Chinese crud drug planted out, balloonflower root medicinal material it is wide
General plantation, beneficial to economic development, hospital is again with fully using medicinal material.Balloonflower root medicinal material is used for coughing with a lot of sputum, uncomfortable in chest not smooth, pharynx
Larynx swells and ache, bronchitis, pleurisy, and research is found with hypotensive, hypoglycemic, fat-reducing, antitumor, raising human immunity
The medical values such as power.
Specific embodiment
With reference to embodiment, the invention will be further described：
Planting platycodon radix technology is planted in south leanly, and the technology includes selection of land site preparation, propagation method, field management, pest and disease damage and its prevents
Control, technology of reserving seed for planting, harvesting and processing, packaging, storage and transport, concrete operation step is as follows：
1. selection of land site preparation：Select it is leeward on the sunny side, soil is deep, the loose fertile, content of organic matter is abundant, moistening and draining is good
Sandy loam preferably, preceding crop is advisable with pulse family, gramineous crop, plants winter of first 1 year, is deep ploughed 25～40 centimetres,
Make soil weathering, and the debris such as cleared stone, grass roots, then, per mu is applied the mixed fertilizers such as barnyard manure, plant ash, compost 3000 for plantation
Kilogram and 30 kilograms of calcium superphosphate, apply rear plow harrow 1 time, leveling rake is thin, does furrow, and furrow are high 15～20 centimetres, wide 120 centimetres,
30～40 centimetres of furrow ditch, depending on furrow length is according to irrigation conditions and landform.
2. propagation method
(1) spring sowing growth period is long, and yield and quality are high, sow in spring in late March to mid-April, Seed Treatment：Soaked using lukewarm water
Kind of vernalization, seed is placed in 50 degree of warm water stir to water it is cool after, then soak 8 hours and pull out, wrapped with wet cloth, be positioned over 25
Where～30 degree, covered with the wet piece of sack above, morning and evening warm water is poured 1 time daily, sowed after 4～5 days Seed sproutings,
Seed is soaked 1 day with mass fraction 0.3%-0.5% liquor potassic permanganates before sowing, takes out, wash away liquid, dry sowing,
To improve germination percentage；Sowing：It is in production to adopt drilling more, shallow ridges is opened for 20～25 centimetres by line-spacing, 2～3 centimetres of ditch depth will
Seed is uniformly sowed in ditch；Also seed can be mixed fine sand (by 1: 10) to be uniformly sprinkled in ditch, fine earth lid is covered after broadcasting and is put down, slightly town
Pressure, arid area will be watered after broadcasting moisturizing, or in furrow face lid grass heat and moisture preserving, and per mu with 0.8～1.0 kilogram of seed.
(2) nursery transplanting：Carry out before transplanting period is freeze-up in the winter time or before emerging after spring break, preferably winter transplanting, in choosing
20 centimetres of deep ditches are opened in good furrow face, by 25～30 centimetres of line-spacing, 5～7 centimetres of spacing in the rows plantation balloonflower root seedling, root is relaxed
The site of an exhibition is planted in ditch, farm manure is placed on root, then blinding.
(3) rhizome or the breeding of reed head：When harvesting balloonflower root, selection physically well develops, the plant of no disease and pests harm, from 1 centimetre below reed head
Reed head is cut at place, is mixed with thin burnt dust-ashes, you can planted.
3. field management
(1) seedling management：Careless heat and moisture preserving is added a cover before emerging, and it is noted that is watered, holding ground moistening, after emerging, is removed at once
Uncapping grass, then pours 1 time thin liquid dung, carries out thinning, pull out thin and delicate seedling during 1～2 centimetre of height of seedling, and height of seedling is up to 3～4 centimetres
When press 10～12 centimetres of final singlings of spacing in the rows, make 6～70,000 plants of every mu of Basic Seedling, final singling to combine in weeding, height of seedling 20
Centimetre when, ditch in the ranks, per mu applies 25 kilograms of calcium superphosphate, 15 kilograms of ammonium sulfate, is then loosened the soil, tight to bury
Fertilizer.
(2) weeding in：Seedling Stage answers diligent weeding to loosen the soil, and the little appropriate to the occasion hand-lifting of seedling is cut weeds, in order to avoid seedling is damaged, and
Should carry out with reference to weeding thinning, in good time intertillage, weeding are needed after field planting, is loosened the soil, loosing soil is kept without weeds, loosened the soil preferably
Shallow, in order to avoid hindering root, intertillage should be carried out when soil dry humidity is moderate, and plant grows up after sealing ridge should not carry out middle weeding again,
Combined before rainy season and loosen the soil and carry out ditch cleaning ridging, prevent lodging, rainy season exclusively internal water accumulation in time, to prevent the generation of root rot.
(3) topdress：Base manure to be used sufficient during balloonflower root site preparation, growth period is also performed to repeatedly topdress, it is to meet the needs of its growth, fixed
After seedling should impose 1 dilute people and animals' liquid dung in time；During about 15 centimetres of height of seedling, ditch in the ranks and apply 1 people and animals' liquid dung again, or often
Mu imposes 20 kilograms of calcium superphosphate, 12 kilograms of ammonium sulfate, loosens the soil after applying；When 6～July blooms, per mu applies 1000～1200
Kilogram people and animals' fecaluria, early September add fertilizer depending on the growth of cereal crop seedlings, meet arid and suitably should water, when company is cloudy rainy for exempt from rotten it should be noted that
Draining, in addition to seed-plot, defloration really, should reduce nutrient consumption, when spraying foliage fertilizer, should select calm without rain, without dew in batches
Water, the morning without dense fog, 5～August sprayed 1 foliage fertilizer every 15～20 days, stop spray fertilizer in 1 month before results,
Enter winter aerial part it is withered after, earth up with reference to ditch cleaning, apply plant ash or farmyard manure, the 2nd year beginning of spring neat after seedling, apply 1 time it is dilute
People and animals' liquid dung, to accelerate plant to turn green growth；Before 5～June blooms, then 1 people and animals' liquid dung is imposed, or apply urine rope 10,000
Gram, 25 kilograms of calcium superphosphate, further promote cauline leaf growth, blossom and have seeds, and the root growth for the later stage provides enough foster
Material.
(4) prevent balloonflower root trouble root：Balloonflower root commodity are preferred with straight strip, the solid, root that branches off less, and the balloonflower root for forming trouble root is normal
There are many conjunction roots, have the also tridentate of y-bend, less than 3 centimetres, lateral root, supporting root three, four is this kind of for some main root tubbiness
Phenomenon largely effects on balloonflower root quality, solves the problems, such as that balloonflower root trouble root will be accomplished：The balloonflower root of cultivation should reject the unnecessary symptom of a trend at any time, especially
It is many seedlings most easily occur when the spring turns green within the 2nd year, will now pays special attention to, the unnecessary symptom of a trend of growing sturdily is removed, keeps 1 plant of 1 seedling,
Simultaneously to apply phosphate fertilizer, Shaoshi nitrogen potash fertilizer prevents aerial part excessive growth, pinches if necessary more, reduces nutrient consumption, is just promoting root
It is frequently grown.
(5) defloration：The balloonflower root florescence is longer, blooms and many, and growing for flowers and fruits can consume substantial amounts of nutriment, removes part
Flowers and fruits, reduce the consumption to nutrient, make more Assimilates be stored in root, are an effective measures of balloonflower root volume increase.
4. pest and disease damage and its anti-lift
(1) disease
1. root rot causes harm root, is microbial by Fungi Imperfecti reaping hook in fungi, falls ill in 6～August, and initial stage root local is in
Yellowish-brown and rot, gradually expand later, when falling ill serious, aerial part is all withered and cause plant dead；Prevention and controls：
A. note crop rotation, drain the water away in time, plant in low-lying land or area of heavy rainfull, high ridge should be made；B. per mu of use bacterium more than 50 during site preparation
Spirit carries out soil disinfection；C. diseased plant, sick cave lime disinfection are pulled out in time；D. 50% Tuzet of early stage mass fraction can
500 times of liquid of WP or mass fraction 40% Hinosan, 1000 times of perfusions, per 15 days 1 time, continuously with 3～4 times.
2. spot blight is that leaf two sides of being fallen ill has a scab, and circular or subcircular, 2～5 centimetres of diameter, white are often limited by vein,
Upper raw pore, when serious, scab converges, and blade is withered, is to embrace the microbial a kind of leaf of category by Fungi Imperfecti shell pin in fungi
Portion's disease；Prevention and controls：A. winter clear garden, will be concentrated and be burnt by a deadwood, sick leaf and weeds；B. summer high temperature morbidity season,
Strengthen field drainage, reduce field humidity, to mitigate morbidity；C. 1: 1: 100 Bordeaux mixture of early stage, or quality point
600 times of liquid of several 65% zineb, or 50% carbendazim of matter clay fraction, 1000 times of liquid sprinklings.
(2) insect pest
1. black cutworm：Often bite seedling broken and pull into from ground and sting food, or sting food not unearthed young shoot, cause disconnected seedling
It is short of seedling, the young browse of totality branch can be also stung when the hardening of balloonflower root plant base portion or wet weather, occurred in 1 year 4 generations, with aging
Larva and pupa are survived the winter in soil, and adult hides under soil seam, dead leaf, in weeds daytime, evening outdoor activity, and having
Property, ovum dissipates and originates in soil seam, fallen leaves, weeds etc., larva totally 6 age. and minority had 7～8 ages, had seemingly-dead property, not enough in foodstuff
When can migrate, after 3 age of larva daytime hide table soil under, nocturnalism is caused harm, and 1st generation larva late April is to the first tenday period of a month in May
Occur, seedling stage balloonflower root is aggrieved heavier；Prevention and controls：Field Weeds Around and dry branches and fallen leaves are removed between a.3～April, elimination is survived the winter
Larva and pupa；B. early morning before sunrise, check field, find there is aperture above near new killed seedling, cut the earth immediately and catch and kill larva；
C.4 in～May, when black cutworm starts to cause harm, cave is poured with mass fraction 90% metrifonate, 1000 times of liquid.
2. worm aphid：Worm draws juice on balloonflower root tender leaf, young sprout, causes Leaf of Platycodon Grandiflorum to turn to be yellow, plant atrophy, undergrowth, and 4
～June causes harm most by force, and after June, temperature is raised, and rainwater increases, and aphid domain is reduced, and increases to August insect population, subsequently because of weather
Condition is uncomfortable, produces alate viviparous female, survives the winter on other plant host of migrating；Prevention and controls：A. weeds in field is removed, is subtracted
Survive the winter less insect density；B. find that aphid sprays 50% Aphox wettable powder, 2000 times of liquid, or mass fraction when breeding immediately
40% 1500～2000 times of Rogor liquid, sprayed 1 time, continuous 2～3 times per 7～10 days.
5. reserve seed for planting technology：The balloonflower root sowed then bloom it is less, it is born seeds slight of stature and it is shrivelled, its germination percentage be 15%～20%,
Of poor quality, vigor is low, and the seedling for growing is thin and delicate, should not use, so the most handy 2 years raw plant of cultivation balloonflower root plant training again
Breeding, such Seed of Platycodon Grandiflorum is full and germination percentage is high, and the balloonflower root florescence is up to 3 months or so, and its elder generation blooms from top bolting,
Fruit is also first ripe by top, and in order to cultivate excellent kind family, 6～July cuts off the inflorescence of little side shoot and top ends, promotes fruit
Maturation, makes seed full, improves seed quality, and between 9～October, balloonflower root capsule is from green to yellow, carpopodium is by blue-stain is black, seed becomes
When black is ripe, related carpopodium is cut off, and puts the indoor after-ripening of aeration-drying 3～4 days, then dries, threshing, removes impurity,
Note harvesting in time, otherwise capsule is dry and cracked, and seed is scattered, it is difficult to collect.
6. harvesting and processing：After planting second and third harvests balloonflower root in year, before spring rudiment or autumn Mo harvests, clean stem, leaf
On soil and impurity, scrape off crust (rossing will be taken advantage of fresh, be carried out after preferably digging back at once, and the time is oversize, and root skin is difficult to peel off,
Root skin is scraped clean balloonflower root root and is dried comparatively fast), dry in time or dry, in order to avoid moldy metamorphism and the color that gets rusty, when drying, Jing is often turned over
It is dynamic, shine to absolutely dry, or be cut into the thin slice of 1.5 millimeters, dry.
7. packaging, transport and storage：Balloonflower root bale packing, per 30 kilograms of part；Huo Ya Shrink wrapping articles, per 50 kilograms of part,
Store in and be dried ventilation, temperature below 30 degree, easily damaged by worms, sent out by safe moisture 12%～15%, relative humidity 75%, balloonflower root
Mould, discoloration, bellding, store color long and easily deepen, or even have grease to ooze out, guard against damp, and the moisture absorption is easily mouldy, hides insect more
Internal moth of hideing loses；Storage period should be made regular check on, and find the moisture absorption or slightly go mouldy, damage by worms, will dry in time, and use aluminum phosphate
Smoked kill, nitrogen charging maintenance, effect are more preferable.
Claims (1)
1. planting platycodon radix technology is planted in south leanly, it is characterised in that：Selection of land site preparation, propagation method, field management, pest and disease damage and its
Preventing and treating, technology of reserving seed for planting, harvesting and processing, packaging, storage and transport, concrete operation step are as follows：
One. selection of land site preparation：Select it is leeward on the sunny side, soil is deep, the loose fertile, content of organic matter is abundant, moistening and it is well-drained sandy
Preferably, preceding crop is advisable loam with pulse family, gramineous crop, plants the winter of first 1 year, is deep ploughed 25～40 centimetres, is made soil
Earth weathering, and the debris such as cleared stone, grass roots, then, per mu is applied the mixed fertilizers such as barnyard manure, plant ash, compost 3,000,000 for plantation
Gram and 30 kilograms of calcium superphosphate, apply rear plow harrow 1 time, leveling rake is thin, does furrow, and furrow are high 15～20 centimetres, wide 120 centimetres,
30～40 centimetres of furrow ditch, depending on furrow length is according to irrigation conditions and landform.
Two. propagation method
(1) sow in spring：Sow in spring in late March to mid-April, Seed Treatment：Using vernalization of hoting water treatment of seeds, seed is placed on into 50
Stir in degree warm water to water it is cool after, then soak 8 hours and pull out, wrapped with wet cloth, be positioned over where 25～30 degree, above with wet
The piece of sack is covered, and morning and evening warm water is poured 1 time daily, is sowed after 4～5 days Seed sproutings, by seed mass fraction before sowing
0.3%-0.5% liquor potassic permanganates soak 1 day, take out, wash away liquid, dry sowing, to improve germination percentage；Sowing：It is raw
It is on product to adopt drilling more, shallow ridges is opened for 20～25 centimetres by line-spacing, seed is uniformly sowed in ditch or will be planted by 2～3 centimetres of ditch depth
Son is mixed fine sand (by 1: 10) and is uniformly sprinkled in ditch, covers fine earth lid and puts down, slightly suppress after broadcasting, and arid area will be watered after broadcasting moisturizing,
Or in furrow face lid grass heat and moisture preserving, per mu with 0.8～1.0 kilogram of seed；
(2) nursery transplanting：Carry out before transplanting period is freeze-up in the winter time or before emerging after spring break, preferably winter transplanting, in choosing
20 centimetres of deep ditches are opened in good furrow face, by 25～30 centimetres of line-spacing, 5～7 centimetres of spacing in the rows plantation balloonflower root seedling, root is relaxed
The site of an exhibition is planted in ditch, farm manure is placed on root, then blinding；
(3) rhizome or the breeding of reed head：When harvesting balloonflower root, selection physically well develops, the plant of no disease and pests harm, from 1 centimetre below reed head
Reed head is cut at place, is mixed with thin burnt dust-ashes, plantation；
Three. field management
(1) seedling management：Careless heat and moisture preserving is added a cover before emerging, and it is noted that is watered, holding ground moistening, after emerging, is removed at once
Uncapping grass, then pours 1 time thin liquid dung, carries out thinning, pull out thin and delicate seedling during 1～2 centimetre of height of seedling, and height of seedling is up to 3～4 centimetres
When press 10～12 centimetres of final singlings of spacing in the rows, make 6～70,000 plants of every mu of Basic Seedling, final singling to combine in weeding, height of seedling 20
Centimetre when, ditch in the ranks, per mu applies 25 kilograms of calcium superphosphate, 15 kilograms of ammonium sulfate, is then loosened the soil, tight to bury
Fertilizer.,
(2) weeding in：Seedling Stage is cut weeds with hand-lifting, is carried out with reference to weeding thinning, need after field planting in good time intertillage, weeding,
Loosening the soil, loosing soil is kept without weeds, loosening the soil preferably shallow, in order to avoid hindering root, intertillage should be carried out when soil dry humidity is moderate, planted
Strain is grown up after sealing ridge should not carry out middle weeding again, and combining to loosen the soil before rainy season carries out ditch cleaning ridging, prevents lodging, and rainy season is timely
Exclusively internal water accumulation, to prevent the generation of root rot；
(3) topdress：Base manure to be used sufficient during balloonflower root site preparation, growth period is also performed to repeatedly topdress, it is to meet the needs of its growth, fixed
After seedling should impose 1 dilute people and animals' liquid dung in time；During about 15 centimetres of height of seedling, ditch in the ranks and apply 1 people and animals' liquid dung again, or often
Mu imposes 20 kilograms of calcium superphosphate, 12 kilograms of ammonium sulfate, loosens the soil after applying；When 6～July blooms, per mu applies 1000～1200
Kilogram people and animals' fecaluria, early September add fertilizer depending on the growth of cereal crop seedlings, meet arid and suitably should water, when company is cloudy rainy for exempt from rotten it should be noted that
Draining, in addition to seed-plot, defloration really, should reduce nutrient consumption, when spraying foliage fertilizer, should select calm without rain, without dew in batches
Water, the morning without dense fog, 5～August sprayed 1 foliage fertilizer every 15～20 days, stop spray fertilizer in 1 month before results,
Enter winter aerial part it is withered after, earth up with reference to ditch cleaning, apply plant ash or farmyard manure, the 2nd year beginning of spring neat after seedling, apply 1 time it is dilute
People and animals' liquid dung, to accelerate plant to turn green growth；Before 5～June blooms, then 1 people and animals' liquid dung is imposed, or apply urine rope 10,000
Gram, 25 kilograms of calcium superphosphate；
(4) prevent balloonflower root trouble root：Solve the problems, such as that balloonflower root trouble root will be accomplished：The balloonflower root of cultivation should reject the unnecessary symptom of a trend at any time, especially
Most easily there are many seedlings when spring turns green within 2nd year, will now pay special attention to, the unnecessary symptom of a trend of growing sturdily is removed, keep 1 plant of 1 seedling, together
When more apply phosphate fertilizer, Shaoshi nitrogen potash fertilizer prevents aerial part excessive growth, pinches if necessary, reduce nutrient consumption, promote root normal
Growth；
(5) defloration：Removing unit potted flower fruit, reduces the consumption to nutrient, makes more Assimilates be stored in root；
Four. pest and disease damage and its preventing and treating
(1) disease
1. root rot prevention and controls：A. note crop rotation, drain the water away in time, plant in low-lying land or area of heavy rainfull, high ridge should be made；
B. during site preparation per mu carry out soil disinfection with 50 carbendazim；C. diseased plant, sick cave lime disinfection are pulled out in time；D. early stage is used
50% Tuzet wettable powder of mass fraction, 500 times of liquid or mass fraction 40% Hinosan, 1000 times of perfusions, per 15 days 1 time,
Continuously with 3～4 times；
2. spot blight prevention and controls：A. field deadwood, sick leaf and weeds are concentrated and are burnt by winter clear garden；B. summer high temperature morbidity
In season, strengthen field drainage, reduce field humidity, to mitigate morbidity；C. 1: 1: 100 Bordeaux mixture of early stage, or
Mass fraction 65% zineb, 600 times of liquid, or 50% carbendazim of matter clay fraction, 1000 times of liquid sprinklings；
(2) insect pest
1. black cutworm prevention and controls：Field Weeds Around and dry branches and fallen leaves are removed between a.3～April, Overwintering Larvae and pupa is eliminated；
B. early morning before sunrise, check field, find there is aperture above near new killed seedling, cut the earth immediately and catch and kill larva；C.4～May,
When black cutworm starts to cause harm, cave is poured with mass fraction 90% metrifonate, 1000 times of liquid；
2. worm aphid prevention and controls：A. weeds in field is removed, insect density of surviving the winter is reduced；B. find that aphid sprays 50% when breeding immediately
2000 times of liquid of Aphox wettable powder, or mass fraction 40% Rogor, 1500～2000 times of liquid, sprayed 1 time per 7～10 days,
Continuous 2～3 times；
Five. technology of reserving seed for planting：Cultivation balloonflower root plants cultivation seed again from 2 years raw plant, show that seed is full and germination percentage is high, balloonflower root
Florescence blooms from top bolting, and 6～July cuts off the inflorescence of little side shoot and top ends, promotes fruit maturation, makes seed full,
Improve seed quality, between 9～October balloonflower root capsule from green to yellow, carpopodium by blue-stain is black, seed turns black maturation when, related fruit
Stalk is cut off, and puts the indoor after-ripening of aeration-drying 3～4 days, then dries, threshing, removes impurity, notes harvesting in time, otherwise
Capsule is dry and cracked, and seed is scattered, it is difficult to collect；
Six. harvesting and processing：After planting second and third harvests balloonflower root in year, before spring rudiment or autumn Mo harvests, the mud on clean stem, leaf
Soil and impurity, (rossing will be taken advantage of fresh, be carried out after preferably dig back at once, and the time is oversize, and root skin is difficult stripping, root skin to scrape off crust
Scrape clean balloonflower root root to be dried comparatively fast), dry in time or dry, in order to avoid moldy metamorphism and the color that gets rusty, when drying, Jing is often stirred,
Shine to absolutely dry, or be cut into the thin slice of 1.5 millimeters, dry；
Seven. packaging, transport and storage：Balloonflower root bale packing, per 30 kilograms of part；Or compression wrapping article, per 50 kilograms of part, store in
Be dried ventilation, temperature below 30 degree, safe moisture 12%～15%, relative humidity 75%, balloonflower root easily damaged by worms, it is mouldy,
Discoloration, bellding, store color long and easily deepen, or even have grease to ooze out, guard against damp, and the moisture absorption is easily mouldy, conceals interior insect more
Portion's moth erosion；Storage period should be made regular check on, and find the moisture absorption or slightly go mouldy, damage by worms, will dry in time, and use aluminum phosphate smoked kill,
Nitrogen charging is conserved, and effect is more preferable.
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Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN112673826A (en) * | 2020-12-24 | 2021-04-20 | 安康市农业科学研究院 | Seedling breeding method using dangshen reed heads |
| CN114128573A (en) * | 2021-12-03 | 2022-03-04 | 江苏沿海地区农业科学研究所 | Method for improving quality of whole-plant barley for feed of yellow sea beach reclamation land |
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|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN102577812A (en) * | 2012-03-09 | 2012-07-18 | 蔡青先 | Balloonflower planting method |
| CN103081674A (en) * | 2012-12-17 | 2013-05-08 | 安徽省本草国药饮片有限公司 | Cultivation method of good-quality high-yield Platycodon grandiflorum |
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| CN102577812A (en) * | 2012-03-09 | 2012-07-18 | 蔡青先 | Balloonflower planting method |
| CN103081674A (en) * | 2012-12-17 | 2013-05-08 | 安徽省本草国药饮片有限公司 | Cultivation method of good-quality high-yield Platycodon grandiflorum |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN112673826A (en) * | 2020-12-24 | 2021-04-20 | 安康市农业科学研究院 | Seedling breeding method using dangshen reed heads |
| CN114128573A (en) * | 2021-12-03 | 2022-03-04 | 江苏沿海地区农业科学研究所 | Method for improving quality of whole-plant barley for feed of yellow sea beach reclamation land |
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