CN107455141A - A kind of cultural method of Stropharia rugoso-annulata - Google Patents
A kind of cultural method of Stropharia rugoso-annulata Download PDFInfo
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- CN107455141A CN107455141A CN201710596881.1A CN201710596881A CN107455141A CN 107455141 A CN107455141 A CN 107455141A CN 201710596881 A CN201710596881 A CN 201710596881A CN 107455141 A CN107455141 A CN 107455141A
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05D—INORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C; FERTILISERS PRODUCING CARBON DIOXIDE
- C05D3/00—Calcareous fertilisers
- C05D3/02—Calcareous fertilisers from limestone, calcium carbonate, calcium hydrate, slaked lime, calcium oxide, waste calcium products
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G18/00—Cultivation of mushrooms
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05B—PHOSPHATIC FERTILISERS
- C05B1/00—Superphosphates, i.e. fertilisers produced by reacting rock or bone phosphates with sulfuric or phosphoric acid in such amounts and concentrations as to yield solid products directly
- C05B1/02—Superphosphates
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05D—INORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C; FERTILISERS PRODUCING CARBON DIOXIDE
- C05D3/00—Calcareous fertilisers
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05F—ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
- C05F11/00—Other organic fertilisers
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05F—ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
- C05F5/00—Fertilisers from distillery wastes, molasses, vinasses, sugar plant or similar wastes or residues, e.g. from waste originating from industrial processing of raw material of agricultural origin or derived products thereof
- C05F5/002—Solid waste from mechanical processing of material, e.g. seed coats, olive pits, almond shells, fruit residue, rice hulls
Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of cultural method of Stropharia rugoso-annulata, comprise the following steps：1) season arranges 2) to select planting material 3) selection place 4) collection material 5) compost processing 6) sowing and cultural hypha 7) bacterium germination period management 8) 9) fruiting period management 10 is managed after earthing method and earthing) the harvesting 11) prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control 12) processing.Beneficial effects of the present invention are：A kind of cultural method of Stropharia rugoso-annulata provided by the invention, take full advantage of stalk resource, the specific specific steps and condition for defining cultivation, the yield of Stropharia rugoso-annulata can be effectively improved, meanwhile the cultivation by adjusting different stalks matches, additionally it is possible to effectively control growing for Stropharia rugoso-annulata, make its high yield and high quality, more meet the market requirement.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to mushroom technical field of cultivation, and in particular to a kind of cultural method of Stropharia rugoso-annulata.
Background technology
Stropharia rugoso-annulata (Stropharia rugoso~annulata) is under the jurisdiction of Basidiomycotina (Basidomycota),
Hymenomycetes (Hymenomycetes), Agaricales (Agaricales), Strophariaceae (Strophariaceae), Stropharia
(Stropharia).Because its sporophore shape is larger, garden giant (Garden giant), Godzilla mushroom are commonly called as
(Godzilla mushroom), and because its mushroom lid color is close to claret, the also referred to as red Stropharia rugoso-annulata of wine (Wine cap
Stropharia).Stropharia rugoso-annulata is nutritious, and mouthfeel is fresh and tender, is that international food and agricultural organization (FAO) recommends developing country's progress
One of edible mushroom of cultivation, and one of Pollution In Edible Mushroomss of international edible mushroom in the market transaction.
Stropharia rugoso-annulata mushroom body is beautiful in colour, and leg slightly covers fertilizer, and food flavor delicate fragrance is fine and smooth tender and crisp, smooth tasty, nutritious, does
Mushroom aromatic flavour, rich at a relatively high protein and the multi mineral prime element and vitamin beneficial to human body, it can treat and change
The a variety of diseases of philanthropist's body, it is a kind of full nutrition health food with " meat or fish in element " good reputation.
The nutritive value of Stropharia rugoso-annulata：Stropharia rugoso-annulata is a kind of in good taste, and high protein and low fat is simultaneously with health role
Rare edible fungus.Per 100g Stropharia rugoso-annulatas fructification 5.8g containing crude fat, crude fibre 13.3g, polysaccharide 49.3g, protein
23.2g.Brodzinska Z etc. (1981) report, ash content, carbohydrate, protein, lipid accounting in Stropharia rugoso-annulata dry product
Respectively 11.40%, 32.73%, 25.81%, 2.60%.It is total in Stropharia rugoso-annulata glucide according to Wang Xiaowei (2007)
Sugared content is 38.3%, reduced sugar 1.0%, polysaccharide 6.3% and uronic acid 7.2%.Contain 18 kinds of amino acid, people in Stropharia rugoso-annulata
Body essential amino acid is complete, it is necessary to which total amino acid content 6.54%, nonessential amino acid total amount are 10.18%, and required ammonia
Base acid content should reach 40% or so standard more than FAO/WHO essential amino acid (E%) total amounts proposed.Total amino acid content
It is close with agrocybe higher than edible mushrooms such as black fungus, mushroom, flat mushroom, pleurotus eryngiis.
Also containing materials such as abundant mineral element, vitamin, biogenic amines in Stropharia rugoso-annulata fructification.Vitamin has sulphur ammonium
Element, vitamin B6, vitamin B12, nicotinic acid, riboflavin etc., wherein content highest is nicotinic acid, contains 51.4mg per 100g, content is most
Low is vitamin B120.4mg.K and P content are higher in inorganic salts, wherein P content 1204.65mg, be reported at present it is edible
Highest in bacterium.Other inorganic salt contents are Ca (98.34mg), Fe (32.51mg), Mn (10.45mg), Cu (8.63mg), As
(5.42mg), Co (0.38mg), Zn, Mn, Fe constituent content are above bacterium algae, cereal, vegetables and fruits.In addition Stropharia rugoso-annulata
Also good selenium enriching functions, cultivated in the fluid nutrient medium of addition selenium, the content of selenium is up to 4727.68 in every gram of dry mycelium
μ g, and 92.67% selenium is all Organic Selenium, is existed in the form of selenoprotein and selenium polysaccharide.
The medicinal and health value of Stropharia rugoso-annulata：Not only mouthfeel is tender and crisp for Stropharia rugoso-annulata, nutritious, and contained abundant
Fungi polysaccharide, have discongest human body mental fatigue, it is aid digestion, prevention coronary heart disease the effect of.Stropharia rugoso-annulata polysaccharide to small white mouse S~
More than 70%, selenium-rich spherical cap mycelium has oxidation resistant characteristic for 180 sarcoma and the inhibiting rate of ehrlich ascites cancer.Wang Xiaowei
(2007) research shows that Stropharia rugoso-annulata polysaccharide has free-radical scavenging activity, and to the anti-oxidant of D~galactolipin institute Aging mice
The effect of being significantly increased.
Polyphenoils (flavonoids, polyphenol, saponin etc.) contained by Stropharia rugoso-annulata is sent out infant's intelligence and nervous centralis
Educate and play an important roll.Soil and the TNT (TNT) in waste water, chlorine in addition, Stropharia rugoso-annulata can effectively degrade
The harmful substances such as benzene, aniline compound, chlorinated phenol, cresols, phenyl methylcarbamate and dimethylbenzene, it is environmental protection and environmental pollution reparation
One of important biomolecule.
Stropharia rugoso-annulata also has very strong lignin, cellulose degradation ability in addition to its edible and medical value.It is wooden
Manganese peroxidase in plain degradation process, lignin peroxidase and laccase play a crucial role.3 kinds of enzymes close in the cell
Into, be then secreted into it is extracellular, belong to ectoenzyme.Cellulose degradation relies primarily on avicelase, β~heteroside enzyme and carboxylic first
Base cellulase.
Stropharia rugoso-annulata biological characteristics：Stropharia rugoso-annulata morphological feature is, fructification Dan Sheng, grows thickly or all living creatures, it is medium to compared with
Greatly, single mushroom group is up to several kilograms.The nearly hemispherical of cap, rear flat, 5~45cm of diameter.Cap meat, surface is slightly during moistening
Viscosity.The tender fructification of children is just white, often has papilary kick, as fructification is gradually grown up, cap crossfades into reddish brown
Color takes off for brown to taupe to wine red brown or crineous after aging.There is fibrous scale on some caps, with son
The growth and maturity of entity and fade away.Cap edge is involute, often has velum relic.Bacterial context is plump, and color is white.Lamella growing straight,
Dense arrangement, be just dark white, after become canescence, it is open and flat with cap, gradually become brown or atropurpureus.The nearly cylinder of stem
Shape, slightly expand close to base portion, handle grows 5~20cm, the thick 0.5~4cm of handle, and more than collarium dark white, dipped beam is slided, and collarium is with lower band yellow
Stria.Early interim reality has marrow to stem, gradually hollow after ripe.Collarium film quality, it is thicker or double-deck, positioned at the middle and upper part of handle, in vain
Color or near-white, there is coarse striped above, drastic crack into some fragments, slightly upwardly roll up, easy to fall off, real in aging son by sliver tip
Often disappeared on body.Spore print puce, spore is smooth, sepia, ellipse.Wild Stropharia rugoso-annulata is born in woods from spring to the autumn,
On the meadow of border, roadside, field, soot, wood chip heap or pasture oxen and horses dunghill on.
Stropharia rugoso-annulata conditions of growth and development：
Nutrition, is cellulose, hemicellulose, lignin and glucose, sucrose using carbon source, and cultural hypha needs a small amount of
Inorganic nitrogen and small-scale inorganic salt；Sporophore growth needs trace element and microorganism stimulation in soil, difficult without earthing
Form fructification.
Temperature, 5~34 DEG C of mycelial growth temperature scope, 25 DEG C ± 2 DEG C of optimum temperature, mycelial growth delays below 12 DEG C
Slowly, more than 35 DEG C mycelia stop growing and death easy to aging.Former base is broken up and 4~30 DEG C of fruit-body formation developmental temperature, most suitable
14~25 DEG C of temperature, temperature are difficult to be formed and grown less than 4 DEG C with higher than 30 DEG C fructifications.
Moisture, culture medium for mycelial growth water content requirement 65%~70%, former base break up relative air humidity 90%~
95%, sporophore growth development water content 70% or so, relative air humidity is 85%~95%.
Air, mycelial growth is not high to oxygen requirements, and sporophore growth development requires oxygen abundance, oxygen deficiency, CO2
It is too high, easily form misshapen mushroom.
Illumination, for vegetative stage without illumination, sporophore growth requires certain scattering light, intensity of illumination 100~
500lx can promote fructification healthy and strong, improve quality.
Acid-base value, Stropharia rugoso-annulata are suitable for growing in slightly acidic environment.Culture medium and soil pH 4~9, mycelia can give birth to
It is long, but be advisable with pH6.5.Culture medium for mycelial growth pH5.5~6.5 are advisable, and compost pH5~6 during sporophore growth are advisable,
Cover soil material pH5.5~6 are advisable.
The composition and nutritive value of stalk：
Agricultural crop straw is nutritious, and wherein 3 kinds of carbon, oxygen, hydrogen multi-element chemical composition summations account for more than 95%, and remaining is
The mineral elements such as potassium, nitrogen, phosphorus, silicon, calcium, magnesium, sulphur, organic principle are secondly lignin, egg based on cellulose, hemicellulose
White matter, fat, ash grade.
In maize straw contained digestible energy be about 2235.7kJ/kg, dry 83.6%, crude protein 6.3%, crude fat
1.2%th, crude fibre 33.2%, NFE 33.1%, ash content 9.8%, its gross energy is similar to herbage, but maize straw
Crude fiber content is high.Corncob is mainly by 35%~40% hemicellulose, 32%~36% cellulose, 17%~20%
Lignin and 1.2%~1.8% ash content are formed.Table 1 is shown as maize straw each several part nutritional ingredient and compared (%), and table 2 is aobvious
It is shown as the carbon-nitrogen ratio of several agricultural crop straws.
Table 1
| Project | Moisture | Crude protein | Crude fat | Crude fibre | NFE | Coarse ash |
| Corncob | 9.7 | 3.4 | 1.4 | 32.0 | 48.4 | 5.1 |
| Corn stalk | 15.0 | 5.0 | 1.5 | 39.2 | 34.5 | 1.7 |
| Bracteal leaf of corn | 13.5 | 2.5 | 2.2 | 25.1 | 53.8 | 2.91 |
Table 2
| Straw type | Total carbon/% | Total nitrogen/% | C/N |
| Corn stalk | 49.21 | 0.46 | 107.00 |
| Straw stalk | 43.00 | 0.75 | 57.3 |
| Wheat-straw | 43.50 | 0.503 | 87.00 |
| Cotton Stalk | 55.65 | 0.50 | 111.30 |
| Peanut seedling | 45.52 | 0.84 | 50.62 |
| Capsicum stalk | 43.33 | 0.62 | 69.89 |
Correlative study shows that maize straw is more sturdy, and interior layer tissue is breathed freely, and bacterium can be just supplemented for culturing edible fungus
Oxygen required for body growth, sufficient nutrition can be also provided to thalline.But epidermal tissue is hard due to maize straw, material
Processing trouble, it is not easy to which water suction fermentation softens, and mycelium, which is not easy to decompose, to be absorbed, and early growth is slow.
The content of the invention
The purpose of the present invention aiming at it is above-mentioned in the prior art the defects of, there is provided a kind of cultivation side of Stropharia rugoso-annulata
Method.
To achieve these goals, technical scheme provided by the invention is：A kind of cultural method of Stropharia rugoso-annulata, including with
Lower step：
1) season arranges：
Under normal temperature, the whole production cycle is 120~150 days, and spring planting goes back up to more than 8 DEG C with temperature, and the autumn is planted with gas
Temperature drop can be sowed to less than 30 DEG C；During outdoor planting, spring planting starts fruiting for mid or late Febuary sowing, early or mid April, and the autumn plants
Sowed for mid or late September, start fruiting in mid-November and April next year；During facility cultivation, annually cultivating is taken, is arranged in November
The last ten-days period to early December is sowed, and fruiting phase is around the Spring Festival；
2) planting material is selected：
Planting material is crop material class planting material；
3) place is selected：
Facility cultivation requires open, the pollution-free source of surrounding ventilation, water source, traffic convenience；Outdoor planting selection Winter idle land, dish
Field, orchard are as the cultivation place of production, it is desirable to the slightly higher not ponding of physical features, hidding and sunny side, fertile soil, slant acidity, sow preceding rotation
Cultivated machine is ploughed, smooth, and soil layer is in granular form, and carries out spraying floor treatment with bactericide and phoxim insecticide；
4) collection material：
Crop material class culturing raw material used in Stropharia rugoso-annulata to ensure it is fresh, dry, without go mouldy, without rot, without worm,
Without noxious pollutant, for cultivating the stalk of Stropharia rugoso-annulata, high residual hazard agricultural chemicals must not be applied within 1 month before harvest；In cultivation matrix
Arbitrarily or excess adds chemical addition agent and poisonous and harmful substance and disease pest must not be prevented to be mixed into；, will after maize straw harvest
Straw collecting is dried, and 30~40cm segment is ground into stalk crasher, standby；
5) compost is handled：
Compost is handled according to season, directly sowed after low temperature season spice；Autumn, which plants sowing, need to carry out pre fermentation；
Ready crop material class culturing raw material is put into pond and soaks 2d, allows material fully to suction moisture, works as material moisture content
When reaching humidity 70%~75%, you can build heap fermentation；Other raw materials are added according to cultivation formula, are well mixed, heap is wide by 1.5~
2m, high 1~1.5m, heap are real；After 3 days heap temperature rise to 65 DEG C when turn over a heap, then ferment 3 days；
6) sowing and cultural hypha：
Sowing broadcasts method or bunch planting method using layer；Layer is broadcast method and referred to, spreads 3 layers of compost, and per thickness 10cm, strain is broadcast at two layers
Between compost, 50% strain is sprinkling upon on charge level by the 1st layer of compost of heap, outer how interior few；2nd layered material is by remaining 50%
Strain is sprinkling upon on charge level, outer how interior few；Upper layer material 4~5cm of thickness, for covering strain and light binder surface；Bunch planting method refers to, by heap
The compost of system fermentation is laid in bacterium bed cultivation field, and it is steady and sure to flatten, compost thickness 30~35cm, wide 80~100cm, furrow spacing
40~50cm, 1m2With 60~80kg of compost, cultigen is broken into walnut size program request, 500~800g of sowing quantity, sows cave
Deep 5~8cm, using quincunx program request, 10~12cm of hill spacing；After planting charge level covers wet wheat straw or wet newspaper, then lid film is protected
Warm bacterium germination, high temperature drying weather, charge level need to first cover the thick sandy loam moisturizings of 1cm；
7) bacterium germination period management：
21~27 DEG C of bacteria developing period temperature, Compost moisture content 70%~75%, no light, 2~3d Stropharia rugoso-annulatas after inoculation
Mycelia sprouts, and 30d is when mycelia covers with planting material more than 2/3, mulching soil；The temperature and humidity regulation of bacteria developing period refers to：It is wet
Degree regulation, compost suctions moisture before building drill seeding kind, and after planting 20d is not sprayed water directly in furrow face, and usually moisturizing is simply sprayed
On covering, it not make in unnecessary current pan feeding, treat hyphae length showed increased, when occupying more than the 1/2 of compost, if furrow
Face, which is dried, turns white and should suitably spray water；Outdoor planting, in 20d after planting, plastic sheeting rain-proof need to be used, rainwater, which penetrates into, to be made
Interior humidity in heaps is excessive；Temperature adjustment, after planting 1~2d, expects heap temperature control at 25 DEG C, when temperature is less than 20 DEG C, in morning
Morning and night thicken careless quilt, and plastic covering film, treat to lift film again at sunrise；When temperature is more than 30 DEG C, covering
Take off, and 2~3 holes, hole diameter 3cm, the deep 15~20cm in hole are made a call in compost centre compartment of terrain；
8) managed after earthing method and earthing：
Earthing quality requirement is：It is fertile, loose, there is higher specific retention, containing abundant humus, pH value 5.5~6.5,
The fertile soil that standard cover soil material is 50% adds 50% peat soil, pH value 5.7；After planting 30d, mycelia cover with compost 2/3 with
Can earthing when upper；Sprayed 1 time with 0.1% carbendazol and 2000 times of liquid phoxims before earthing, preventing and treating soil layer miscellaneous bacteria, insect
Harm；Earthing method is first the earthing handled well paving to be sprinkled upon in bacterium bed, 3~5cm of thickness, per 100m2Planting material needs earthing
5m3, overburden layer humidity is adjusted after earthing, the specific retention for controlling soil is 20~25%；Management is 2~3d after earthing after earthing
Mycelia climbs up overburden layer, needs to regulate the humidity of overburden layer after earthing, it is desirable to which overburden layer humidity keeps moistening；Stropharia rugoso-annulata
Mycelia late growing stage is vigorous, and 15~20d is needed from earthing to fruiting, when overburden layer be full of mycelium, in overburden layer with matrix top layer
Ozonium branch thickening, when twisting together into the small former base of white and gradually developing into button, you can into fruiting period management；
9) fruiting period management：
The differentiation temperature that Stropharia rugoso-annulata mushroom flower bud forms former base is 10~16 DEG C, and relative humidity is 95%~98%, CO2Concentration
Less than 0.15%, 100~500lx of intensity of illumination；Fruit body development growth temperature is 14~25 DEG C, relative humidity 85%~
95%, CO2Concentration is less than 0.15%, 100~500lx of intensity of illumination；Fruiting phase humidity, fruiting stage keep relative air humidity
85%~95%, when white mushroom flower bud occurs in soil layer surface, daily sooner or later to furrow face atomized water spraying；Fruiting phase temperature, big spherical cap
The preference temperature of mushroom fruiting be 14~25 DEG C, into the frost phase after while covering increase stop spray water, pacify small mushroom bud
Survive the winter entirely；Fruiting phase air controls, and the sporophore growth stage of development requires the oxygen for having abundance, and guarantee makes CO2Concentration is less than
0.15%；Fruiting phase illumination controls, and the sporophore growth stage keeps 100~500lx intensity of illumination；
10) harvest：
Fructification is 5~8d from buddingging the ripe megathermal period, and hypothermic phase is 10~14d, during low temperature mushroom body length speed slowly but
Plumpness, it is not easy parachute-opening；It is small that a rapid but type is grown during opposite high temperature, easy parachute-opening, when the mycoderm of fructification not yet ruptures or just breaks
Split, be Harvesting Date when cap is bell-like, harvesting should be also involute in cap at the latest, and lamella is completed when being in canescence；After adopting mushroom, bacterium
The hole filling-in left on bed, charge level is cleared up, moisturizing bacteria, goes out the second damp mushroom through 10~12d, whole cycle receives 3~4 damp mushrooms；
11) prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control：
The miscellaneous bacteria of Stropharia rugoso-annulata there's something fishy umbrella, trichoderma, Mucor and Neurospora sp, common insect pests have springtail, bacterium mosquito, ant, mite class,
Slug and mouse；Preventing control method includes：Using novel bacterial, the water content control of bacteria developing period compost is between 70%~75%；
High temperature season after planting, aeration-cooling, epiphragma when temperature is less than 12 DEG C or rainy day of when material temperature is higher than 30 DEG C taking off film；Passed through before cultivation
Solar exposure sterilization, finds terrible umbrella, pulls out early buried；Around periodically lime powder, spray 5% saline solution or high fluorine during no mushroom
Doing for trapping is taken in chlorine cyanogen emamectin benzoate or ethiprole decoction, prevention and control springtail, slug, mite class, bacterium mosquito and ant, outdoor planting
Method prevents and treats the plague of rats；
12) process：
Classification is arranged as early as possible after the harvesting of Stropharia rugoso-annulata fresh mushroom, deformity, disease pest are endangered mushroom and picked out, and the laggard freezer of precooling is protected
Deposit, cold chain transportation sale, or freeze preservation outlet, salt marsh, tank processed process and be made dry mushroom；Processing method for drying or salt marsh,
Drying refers to, is baked to 40 DEG C of slow fire after doing very likely and is warming up to 50~60 DEG C again, until mushroom body is dry enough, after cooling and fashionable dress
Enter food-packaging bag, prevent dry mushroom moisture regain moldy metamorphism；Salt marsh refers to that finish 8~12min, thoroughly well cooked but not mushy for degree with mushroom body, presses
One layer of salt, one layer of mushroom dress cylinder, upper ballast are capped again, and salt solution covers mushroom body, and brine strength is supersaturated brine.
Further, the cultural method of above-mentioned a kind of Stropharia rugoso-annulata, the planting material in the step 2) is maize straw
Class planting material, it is by being prepared according to the following material of mass percent meter：
Maize straw 80%, wheat bran 18%, lime 2%；Or
Maize straw 50%, corncob 30%, wheat bran 18%, lime 2%；Or
Maize straw 68%, cotton seed hulls 20%, wheat bran 9%, precipitated calcium carbonate 1%, lime 2%；Or
Maize straw 26%, wheat straw 6O%, wheat bran 10%, calcium superphosphate 2%, lime 2%；Or
Maize straw 50%, rice husk 50%；Or
Maize straw 50%, beans stalk 50%.
Further, the cultural method of above-mentioned a kind of Stropharia rugoso-annulata, the planting material in the step 2) is corncob class
Planting material, it is by being prepared according to the following material of mass percent meter：
Corncob 20%, wheat straw 50%, cotton seed hulls 15%, wheat bran 13%, lime 2%；Or
Corncob 30%, bacteria residue 50%, husk 17%, gypsum 1%, lime 2%；Or
Corncob 11.5%, wood chip 68.2%, wheat straw 20.3%.
Further, the cultural method of above-mentioned a kind of Stropharia rugoso-annulata, the planting material in the step 2) are that straw class is planted
Training material, is by being prepared according to the following material of mass percent meter：
Straw 5O%, husk 28%, weed tree sawdust 10%, wheat bran 10%, lime 2%；Or
Straw 65%, peanut vines powder 15%, soya bean stem meal 12%, wheat bran 6%, lime 2%；Or
Straw 80%, wood chip 20%；Or
Straw 40%, husk 40%, weed tree sawdust 20%；Or
Straw 63%, cow dung 10%, wheat bran 8%, calcium superphosphate 2%, gypsum 2%, calcium carbonate 1%, plant ash 4%, stone
Ash 3%.
Further, the cultural method of above-mentioned a kind of Stropharia rugoso-annulata, the planting material in the step 2) is by according to matter
What the following material of amount percentages was prepared：Bacteria residue 63%, cotton seed hulls 20%, wheat bran 15%, gypsum 1%, brown sugar 1%.
Beneficial effects of the present invention are：A kind of cultural method of Stropharia rugoso-annulata provided by the invention, takes full advantage of stalk
Resource, the specific steps and condition of cultivation are specifically defined, the yield of Stropharia rugoso-annulata can be effectively improved, meanwhile, pass through adjustment
The adding proportion of stalk planting material, additionally it is possible to effectively control growing for Stropharia rugoso-annulata, make it more meet the market requirement.
Embodiment
Embodiment 1：
Maize straw safe and high quality cultivate Stropharia rugoso-annulata key technology：
First, season arranges：
Cultivation season is depending on the condition such as the biological characteristics and local climate of Stropharia rugoso-annulata and cultivating facility, normal
Under temperature, the whole production cycle is 120~150 days, and spring planting goes back up to more than 8 DEG C with temperature, the autumn plant with temperature be down to 30 DEG C with
Under can sow.
Outdoor planting：Spring planting is sowed with mid or late Febuary, early or mid April starts fruiting is advisable, and autumn cultivation is broadcast with mid or late September
Kind, start fruiting in mid-November and April next year；Facility cultivation：Anniversary can cultivate, and be preferably arranged on late November to December
Ten days is sowed, and fruiting phase just around the Spring Festival, can meet market needs and increase economic efficiency.
2nd, cultivation formula：
1st, maize straw 80%, wheat bran 18%, lime 2%；
2nd, maize straw 50%, corncob 30%, wheat bran 18%, lime 2%；
3rd, maize straw 68%, cotton seed hulls 20%, wheat bran 9%, precipitated calcium carbonate 1%, lime 2%；
4th, wheat straw 6O%, maize straw 26%, wheat bran 10%, calcium superphosphate 2%, lime 2%；
5th, maize straw 50%, rice husk 50%；
6th, maize straw 50%, beans stalk 50%；
7th, wheat straw 50%, corncob 20%, cotton seed hulls 15%, wheat bran 13%, lime 2%；
8th, bacteria residue 50%, corncob 30%, husk 17%, gypsum 1%, lime 2%
9th, straw 5O%, husk 28%, weed tree sawdust 10%, wheat bran 10%, lime 2%
10th, straw 65%, peanut vines powder 15%, soya bean stem meal 12%, wheat bran 6%, lime 2%；
11st, straw 80%, wood chip 20%；
12nd, straw 40%, husk 40%, weed tree sawdust 20%
13rd, straw 63%, cow dung 10%, wheat bran 8%, calcium superphosphate 2%, gypsum 2%, calcium carbonate 1%, plant ash 4%,
Lime 3%.
14th, bacteria residue 63%, cotton seed hulls 20%, wheat bran 15%, gypsum 1%, brown sugar 1%
15th, wood chip 68.2%, corncob 11.5%, wheat straw 20.23%.
3rd, the selection in place：
Facility cultivation requires surrounding ventilation open, pollution-free source, water source and traffic convenience.Outdoor planting selection Winter idle land,
Vegetable garden, orchard etc. is as the cultivation place of production, it is desirable to the slightly higher not ponding of physical features, hidding and sunny side, fertile soil, slant acidity.Before sowing
Ploughed with rotary cultivator, smooth, soil layer is in granular form best, carries out spraying ground with the bactericide such as methylpartricin sodium laurylsulfate and phoxim insecticide
Processing.
4th, material is collected：
The available crop material class culturing raw material of Stropharia rugoso-annulata has:Maize straw, wheat stalk, straw, corncob etc.,
Raw material must it is fresh, dry, without go mouldy, without rot, without worm, without noxious pollutant.For cultivating the stalk of Stropharia rugoso-annulata,
High residual hazard agricultural chemicals must not be applied within 1 month before harvest.Arbitrarily or excess adds chemical addition agent and it must not be prevented poisonous in cultivation matrix
Harmful substance and disease pest are mixed into.After maize straw harvest, straw collecting is dried, 30~40cm is ground into stalk crasher
Segment, it is standby.
5th, compost material is handled：
Compost is handled according to season, low temperature season can directly be sowed after spice, when the autumn plants sowing, preferably carry out
Pre fermentation.The raw materials such as ready maize straw, corncob are put into pond and soak 2d, allow material fully to suction moisture, when
Material moisture content (extracts representational material tate with hand, tightens, have in material when reaching optimum humidity 70%~75%
Water droplet oozes out, and water droplet is broken string, if water droplet does not break, to extend the draining time, not have water droplet outflow if tightened,
Continue moisturizing), you can build heap fermentation.Other raw materials are added according to cultivation formula, are well mixed, the wide about 1.5~2m of heap, high by 1~
1.5m, length is unlimited, and heap is solid.Heap temperature rise turns over a heap to 65 DEG C after 3 days, then ferments 3 days.Can be according to need during turning
Carry out moisture regulation.
6th, sowing and cultural hypha：
" layer broadcasts method " and " bunch planting method " can be used during sowing.
Layer broadcasts method：General 3 layers of paving, per thickness about 10cm, strain is broadcast between two layers of compost, and the 1st layer of compost of heap will
50% strain is sprinkling upon on charge level, outer how interior few；Remaining 50% strain is sprinkling upon on charge level by the 2nd layered material, outer how interior few；On
Layered material 4~5cm of thickness, for covering strain and light binder surface.
Bunch planting method：The compost of fermentation reactor system is laid in bacterium bed cultivation field, it is steady and sure to flatten, compost thickness 30~
35cm, wide 80~100cm, furrow spacing 40~50cm, 1m2With 60~80kg of compost, cultigen is broken into walnut size program request,
500~800g of sowing quantity (1~1.5 bottle), the deep 5~8cm in sowing cave, using quincunx program request, 10~12cm of hill spacing.Increase sowing
Cave number, mycelial growth can be made faster.After planting charge level covers wet wheat straw or wet newspaper, then lid film thermal insulating bacterium germination.High temperature is done
Dry weather, charge level also can first cover the thick sandy loam moisturizings of 1cm.
7th, bacterium germination period management：
21~27 DEG C of bacteria developing period temperature, Compost moisture content 70%~75%, it is not necessary to illumination.The big balls of 2~3d after inoculation
Lid mushroom silk is sprouted, and 30d or so is when mycelia covers with planting material more than 2/3, mulching soil.
The regulation and control of bacterium germination period management medium temperature degree, humidity are the key links of cultivation management.
1) humidity regulation：Compost must suction moisture before building drill seeding kind, and this is the key for maintaining enough humidity.Sowing
20d is general afterwards is not sprayed water directly in furrow face, and usually moisturizing is simply sprayed on covering, not make unnecessary current pan feeding
It is interior, it is so favourable to mycelial growth in heap.Hyphae length showed increased is treated, occupies more than the 1/2 of compost, dries and sends out such as furrow face
Bai Shiying suitably sprays water.Different parts injection flow rate should also have any different, and the side of cultivating bed surrounding should spray more, middle part spray less or
Do not spray, not leaking into charge level with water is advisable；It if humidity has reached requirement, just not spray water everyday, otherwise mycelia can be caused to fail.
Outdoor planting need to have a plastic sheeting rain-proof, and in 20d particularly after planting, rainwater, which penetrates into, can cause humidity in heap excessive.If
The rainy day is run into during this, bedding film, rain film can be lifted on covering later, and exclude surrounding ponding.
2) temperature adjustment:After planting 1~2d, material heap temperature typically can somewhat rise, and temperature is preferably controlled in 25 DEG C or so,
So mycelial growth is fast and healthy and strong, and every morning and the change for wanting time sight material heap temperature afternoon are corresponding to take in time
Measure, prevent temperature from anomaly occur.When temperature is less than 20 DEG C, in the morning and night thickeies careless quilt, and plastic covering is thin
Film, treat to lift film again at sunrise；If temperature is higher, more than 30 DEG C, covering can be taken off, and in compost centre
2~3 holes, hole diameter 3cm or so, the deep 15~20cm in hole are made a call in compartment of terrain.In addition, may be used also in Various Seasonal cultivation Stropharia rugoso-annulata
To adjust temperature by the different sunshades and ventilation levels in place.
8th, earthing method and management：
Earthing quality has a significant impact to the yield of Stropharia rugoso-annulata.Earthing requires fertile, loose, has higher specific retention,
Contain abundant humus, pH value 5.5~6.5.50% fertile soil adds 50% peat soil, and pH value 5.7 can covering as standard
Scholar's material.It is in actual cultivation to gather materials on the spot more, from open-textured rural area loam.Alkalescence, viscous weight, lack humus, granule
Sandy loam, clay or the simple peat of structure difference or specific retention difference are unsuitable for making cover soil material.
Generally, after planting 30d or so, mycelia can earthing when covering with compost more than 2/3.In actual management,
Specific earthing time should also combine Various Seasonal and Different climate condition is treated with a certain discrimination.Sowed as early spring builds heap, in case of
It is rainy, can after mycelia close to after long material thoroughly earthing again；If autumn builds heap sowing, weather is relatively dried, and can suitably shift to an earlier date earthing.Cover
The native kink that on the one hand can promote mycelia, on the other hand also has a positive effect to heat and moisture preserving.
1st, soil selects：Cover soil material requires loose, can water holding, there is crumb structure, never with sand soil and clay,
The pH value of soil is preferably 5.5~6.5.It is in actual cultivation to gather materials on the spot more, from open-textured rural area loam, with 0.1%
Carbendazol and 2000 times of liquid phoxims spray 1 time, prevent and treat the harm of soil layer miscellaneous bacteria, insect.
2nd, earthing method:The earthing paving first handled well is sprinkled upon in bacterium bed, 3~5cm of thickness, per 100m2Bacterium bed about needs 5m3Soil.
Overburden layer humidity must be adjusted after earthing, it is desirable to which the specific retention of soil is up to 20~25%.The easy method of testing of specific retesion of soil
It is to pinch grogs with hand, grogs becomes flat but not broken also tack-free, means that water content is suitable.
3rd, managed after earthing:2~3d climbs up overburden layer with regard to that can see mycelia after earthing, and groundwork is to regulate after earthing
The humidity of overburden layer.It is required that overburden layer humidity keeps moistening, it is impossible to crosses flood spray and pours, mycelia is not easy soil.Such as soil layer
Excessively dry, mycelia can not climb soil layer, make that fruiting is slow, continues.In order to prevent wet inside and dry outside, preferably with squirting upper strata
Covering.Injection flow rate will flexibly be grasped according to dry and wet degree, the situation of weather in place.As long as water content is suitable, also can between
Do not sprayed water every 1~2d or longer time, water content is also unsuitable too high, otherwise mycelia can be caused to fail.
Stropharia rugoso-annulata mycelia late growing stage is very vigorous, and 15~20d is about needed from earthing to fruiting.When overburden layer is full of mycelia
Body, in overburden layer and matrix top layer ozonium branch thickening, twisting together into the small former base of white and gradually developing into button to enter
Fruiting period management.
9th, fruiting period management：
Big spherical cap lid mushroom flower bud forms former base 10~16 DEG C of temperature of differentiation, relative humidity 95%~98%, CO2Concentration ＜
0.15%, 100~500lx of intensity of illumination.
14~25 DEG C of fruit body development growth temperature, relative humidity 85%~95%, CO2Concentration ＜ 0.15%, illumination is strong
Spend 100~500lx.
Fruiting period management wants comprehensive regulation air, humidity, temperature, illumination this elemental, the height of fruiting stage epidemic disaster
Low, illumination power, the quality of ventilation, the yield and quality of mushroom can be directly affected.
1st, humidity：The fruiting stage keeps relative air humidity 85%~95%.When white mushroom flower bud occurs in soil layer surface, often
It is sooner or later to furrow face atomized water spraying.Grasped during water spray and " gently spray diligent spray, mushroom is the more sprayed, mushroom is sprayed less, fine day is spray, rainy days more few
Spray or do not spray " principle.It is required that compost is in faint yellow, compost is clutched with hand, compost was both soft, moistened again, slightly water
Ooze existing.If holding the globule after pressure to continue low or go rotten, show that water content is higher, should stop spraying water, timely draining, add
Forced ventilation is taken a breath.
2nd, temperature：The preference temperature of Stropharia rugoso-annulata fruiting is 14~25 DEG C, when temperature is less than 4 DEG C or is not grown more than 30 DEG C
Mushroom.During fruiting can by adjust light application time, water spraying time, place ventilation levels etc. environment temperature is in more satisfactory
Scope.When temperature is less than 12 DEG C, takes and set up shed, thicken covering, reduce the measures such as water spray to improve material temperature.Into frost
The jelly phase, stop water spray while covering is increased, make small mushroom bud safe overwintering.When temperature is more than 30 DEG C, ventilation, spray are taken
The cooling measures such as water, it is ensured that mushroom body normal growth.To be handled with care during fruiting period management, particularly there are a large amount of mushrooms on bed surface
Flower bud will prevent small mushroom bud of damaging when occurring.
3rd, air：The sporophore growth stage of development requires the oxygen for having abundance, and guarantee makes CO2Concentration is less than 0.15%.
4th, illumination：The sporophore growth stage keeps 100~500lx intensity of illumination.
Tenth, harvest：
For fructification from buddingging only 5~8d of ripe megathermal period, hypothermic phase is 10~14d.During low temperature mushroom body length speed slowly but
Plumpness, it is not easy parachute-opening；It is small that a rapid but type is grown during opposite high temperature, easy parachute-opening.When the mycoderm of fructification not yet ruptures or just breaks
Split, be Harvesting Date when cap is bell-like, harvesting should be also involute in cap at the latest, and lamella is completed when being in canescence.It not wait until
When ripe, lamella is transformed into dark brown, is harvested when cap is open and flat, mushroom constitution, mouthfeel, color and luster be deteriorated.During harvesting with thumb,
Forefinger and middle finger catch the bottom of mushroom body, under gently reversing, live substratess with another hand pressure again after loosening and pull up upwards, be sure not band
Small mushroom around dynamic.After adopting mushroom, filling-in is wanted at the hole left in bacterium bed, clears up charge level.Moisturizing bacteria, second can be gone out through 10~12d
Damp mushroom.Whole cycle can typically receive 3~4 damp mushrooms.Stropharia rugoso-annulata main yield concentrates on the first tide and the second damp mushroom, and the second tide
Yield is higher than the first damp mushroom, and after the harvesting of the second damp mushroom, the fruiting amount of Stropharia rugoso-annulata substantially reduces.
11, the prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control：
According to the policy of " putting prevention first, integrated control ", adhere to " based on cultural control, physical control, biological control,
Supplemented by chemical prevention " regulation principle.Puted prevention first with specification cultivation management technology, take the prevention and control measure of comprehensive safety, really
Protect Stropharia rugoso-annulata product residues of pesticides and other harmful substances matter is not exceeded.
1st, main controlling object
The main miscellaneous bacteria of Stropharia rugoso-annulata there's something fishy umbrella, trichoderma, Mucor, Neurospora sp etc.；Common insect pests have springtail, bacterium mosquito, ant, with
And mite class, slug, mouse etc..
2nd, preventing control method
2.1 cultivation steps prevent：Without using aging strain；The water content control of bacteria developing period compost 70%~75% it
Between；After planting, when material temperature is higher than 30 DEG C, to take off film aeration-cooling for high temperature season.Epiphragma when temperature is less than 12 DEG C or rainy day.
2.2 miscellaneous bacterias prevent and treat：Sorting is fresh, parches, and is sterilized before cultivation through solar exposure.It was found that terrible umbrella, is pulled out buried early.
The good temperature of beforehand control and moisture are cultivated, makes mycelial growth healthy and strong, vigorous, captures advantage, suppresses miscellaneous bacteria and multiplies.
2.3 pest control：Around periodically lime powder, spray during no mushroom 5% saline solution or high-fluorine chlorine cyanogen emamectin benzoate or
Ethiprole decoction, prevention and control springtail, slug, mite class, bacterium mosquito, ant occur.The method for taking trapping of outdoor planting is prevented and treated
The plague of rats.
12, process：
Classification is arranged as early as possible after the harvesting of Stropharia rugoso-annulata fresh mushroom, and deformity, disease pest are endangered mushroom and picked out.The laggard freezer of precooling is protected
Deposit, cold chain transportation sale, also can freeze preservation outlet, salt marsh, tank processed process or be made dry mushroom.Must not use contain sulfurous acid
The aqueous rinsing fresh mushroom of the harmful substances such as salt, formaldehyde.
1st, dry：It is baked to 40 DEG C of slow fire after doing very likely and is warming up to 50~60 DEG C again, until mushroom body is dry enough, after cooling
Load food-packaging bag in time, prevent dry mushroom moisture regain moldy metamorphism.
2nd, salt marsh：Finish 8~12min, thoroughly well cooked but not mushy for degree with mushroom body, is grasped depending on mushroom body size.By one layer of salt, one layer of mushroom
Cylinder is filled, upper ballast is capped again.Salt solution must cover mushroom body.Brine strength is preferred with supersaturated brine.
Finally it should be noted that：The preferred embodiments of the present invention are the foregoing is only, are not intended to limit the invention,
Although the present invention is described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, for those skilled in the art, it still may be used
To be modified to the technical scheme described in foregoing embodiments, or equivalent substitution is carried out to which part technical characteristic.
Within the spirit and principles of the invention, any modification, equivalent substitution and improvements made etc., it should be included in the present invention's
Within protection domain.
Claims (5)
1. a kind of cultural method of Stropharia rugoso-annulata, it is characterised in that comprise the following steps：
1) season arranges：
Under normal temperature, the whole production cycle is 120~150 days, and spring planting goes back up to more than 8 DEG C with temperature, and autumn cultivation is dropped with temperature
It can be sowed to less than 30 DEG C；During outdoor planting, spring planting starts fruiting for mid or late Febuary sowing, early or mid April, and autumn cultivation is September
The middle ten days and the last ten days is sowed, and starts fruiting in mid-November and April next year；During facility cultivation, annually cultivating is taken, is arranged in late November extremely
Early December is sowed, and fruiting phase is around the Spring Festival；
2) planting material is selected：
Planting material is crop material class planting material；
3) place is selected：
Facility cultivation requires open, the pollution-free source of surrounding ventilation, water source, traffic convenience；Outdoor planting selection Winter idle land, vegetable garden
Ground, orchard are as the cultivation place of production, it is desirable to the slightly higher not ponding of physical features, hidding and sunny side, fertile soil, slant acidity, rotary tillage are used before sowing
Machine is ploughed, smooth, and soil layer is in granular form, and carries out spraying floor treatment with bactericide and phoxim insecticide；
4) collection material：
Crop material class culturing raw material used in Stropharia rugoso-annulata will ensure that fresh, dry, nothing is gone mouldy, nothing is rotted, have without worm, nothing
Evil pollutant, for cultivating the stalk of Stropharia rugoso-annulata, must not apply high residual hazard agricultural chemicals in 1 month before harvest；Must not in cultivation matrix
Arbitrarily or excess adds chemical addition agent, and prevents poisonous and harmful substance and disease pest to be mixed into；After maize straw harvest, by stalk
Collection is dried, and 30~40cm segment is ground into stalk crasher, standby；
5) compost is handled：
Compost is handled according to season, directly sowed after low temperature season spice；Autumn, which plants sowing, need to carry out pre fermentation；By standard
The crop material class culturing raw material got ready, which is put into pond, soaks 2d, allows material fully to suction moisture, when material moisture content reaches
During humidity 70%~75%, you can build heap fermentation；Other raw materials are added according to cultivation formula, are well mixed, the wide 1.5~2m of heap,
High 1~1.5m, heap are real；After 3 days heap temperature rise to 65 DEG C when turn over a heap, then ferment 3 days；
6) sowing and cultural hypha：
Sowing broadcasts method or bunch planting method using layer；Layer is broadcast method and referred to, spreads 3 layers of compost, and per thickness 10cm, strain is broadcast in two layers of culture
Between material, 50% strain is sprinkling upon on charge level by the 1st layer of compost of heap, outer how interior few；2nd layered material is by remaining 50% strain
It is sprinkling upon on charge level, it is outer how interior few；Upper layer material 4~5cm of thickness, for covering strain and light binder surface；Bunch planting method refers to, composting is sent out
The compost of ferment is laid in bacterium bed cultivation field, and it is steady and sure to flatten, compost thickness 30~35cm, wide 80~100cm, and furrow spacing 40~
50cm, 1m2With 60~80kg of compost, cultigen is broken into walnut size program request, 500~800g of sowing quantity, sowing cave deep 5~
8cm, using quincunx program request, 10~12cm of hill spacing；After planting charge level covers wet wheat straw or wet newspaper, then lid film thermal insulating hair
Bacterium, high temperature drying weather, charge level need to first cover the thick sandy loam moisturizings of 1cm；
7) bacterium germination period management：
21~27 DEG C of bacteria developing period temperature, Compost moisture content 70%~75%, no light, 2~3d Stropharia rugoso-annulatas mycelia after inoculation
Sprout, 30d is when mycelia covers with planting material more than 2/3, mulching soil；The temperature and humidity regulation of bacteria developing period refers to：Humidity is adjusted
Section, compost suctions moisture before building drill seeding kind, and after planting 20d does not spray water directly in furrow face, and usually moisturizing is to be sprayed to cover
In cover material, it not make in unnecessary current pan feeding, treat hyphae length showed increased, when occupying more than the 1/2 of compost, if furrow face is done
Dry turn white should suitably spray water；Outdoor planting, in 20d after planting, plastic sheeting rain-proof need to be used, rainwater, which penetrates into, can cause heap
Interior humidity is excessive；Temperature adjustment, after planting 1~2d, material heap temperature control is at 25 DEG C, when temperature is less than 20 DEG C, in the morning and
Night thickeies careless quilt, and plastic covering film, treats to lift film again at sunrise；When temperature is more than 30 DEG C, covering is taken off,
And 2~3 holes, hole diameter 3cm, the deep 15~20cm in hole are made a call in compost centre compartment of terrain；
8) managed after earthing method and earthing：
Earthing quality requirement is：It is fertile, loose, have higher specific retention, contain abundant humus, pH value 5.5~6.5, standard
The fertile soil that cover soil material is 50% adds 50% peat soil, pH value 5.7；After planting 30d, when mycelia covers with compost more than 2/3
Can earthing；Sprayed 1 time with 0.1% carbendazol and 2000 times of liquid phoxims before earthing, preventing and treating soil layer miscellaneous bacteria, the danger of insect
Evil；Earthing method is first the earthing handled well paving to be sprinkled upon in bacterium bed, 3~5cm of thickness, per 100m2Planting material needs earthing 5m3,
Overburden layer humidity is adjusted after earthing, the specific retention for controlling soil is 20~25%；Management is 2~3d mycelia after earthing after earthing
Overburden layer is climbed up, needs to regulate the humidity of overburden layer after earthing, it is desirable to which overburden layer humidity keeps moistening；Stropharia rugoso-annulata mycelia
Late growing stage is vigorous, and 15~20d is needed from earthing to fruiting, when overburden layer be full of mycelium, in overburden layer with matrix top layer mycelia
Beam branch thickening, when twisting together into the small former base of white and gradually developing into button, you can into fruiting period management；
9) fruiting period management：
The differentiation temperature that Stropharia rugoso-annulata mushroom flower bud forms former base is 10~16 DEG C, and relative humidity is 95%~98%, CO2Concentration is less than
0.15%, 100~500lx of intensity of illumination；Fruit body development growth temperature is 14~25 DEG C, relative humidity 85%~95%, CO2
Concentration is less than 0.15%, 100~500lx of intensity of illumination；Fruiting phase humidity, fruiting stage holding relative air humidity 85%~
95%, when white mushroom flower bud occurs in soil layer surface, daily sooner or later to furrow face atomized water spraying；Fruiting phase temperature, Stropharia rugoso-annulata fruiting
Preference temperature be 14~25 DEG C, into the frost phase after while covering increase stop spray water, make small mushroom bud safe overwintering；
Fruiting phase air controls, and the sporophore growth stage of development requires the oxygen for having abundance, and guarantee makes CO2Concentration is less than 0.15%；Go out
The illumination of mushroom phase controls, and the sporophore growth stage keeps 100~500lx intensity of illumination；
10) harvest：
Fructification is 5~8d from buddingging the ripe megathermal period, and hypothermic phase is 10~14d, and mushroom body length speed is slowly but plump during low temperature,
It is not easy parachute-opening；It is small that a rapid but type is grown during opposite high temperature, easy parachute-opening, when the mycoderm of fructification not yet ruptures or just ruptures, bacterium
It is Harvesting Date when covering bell-like, harvesting should be also involute in cap at the latest, and lamella is completed when being in canescence；After adopting mushroom, in bacterium bed
The hole filling-in left, charge level is cleared up, moisturizing bacteria, goes out the second damp mushroom through 10~12d, whole cycle receives 3~4 damp mushrooms；
11) prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control：
The miscellaneous bacteria of Stropharia rugoso-annulata there's something fishy umbrella, trichoderma, Mucor and Neurospora sp, common insect pests have springtail, bacterium mosquito, ant, mite class, slug
And mouse；Preventing control method includes：Using novel bacterial, the water content control of bacteria developing period compost is between 70%~75%；High temperature
Season after planting, aeration-cooling, epiphragma when temperature is less than 12 DEG C or rainy day of when material temperature is higher than 30 DEG C taking off film；Through daylight before cultivation
Exposure sterilizes, and finds terrible umbrella, pulls out early buried；Around periodically lime powder, spray 5% saline solution or high-fluorine chlorine during no mushroom
Cyanogen emamectin benzoate or ethiprole decoction, prevention and control springtail, slug, mite class, bacterium mosquito and ant, the method for taking trapping of outdoor planting
Prevent and treat the plague of rats；
12) process：
Classification is arranged as early as possible after the harvesting of Stropharia rugoso-annulata fresh mushroom, deformity, disease pest are endangered mushroom and picked out, and the laggard freezer of precooling preserves, be cold
Chain transportation and sale, or freeze preservation outlet, salt marsh, tank processed processing and it is made dry mushroom；Processing method is drying or salt marsh, drying are
Refer to, be baked to 40 DEG C of slow fire after doing very likely and be warming up to 50~60 DEG C again, until mushroom body is dry enough, load plastics after cooling in time
Food bag, prevent dry mushroom moisture regain moldy metamorphism；Salt marsh refers to that finish 8~12min, thoroughly well cooked but not mushy for degree with mushroom body, by one layer of salt
One layer of mushroom fills cylinder, and upper ballast is capped again, and salt solution covers mushroom body, and brine strength is supersaturated brine.
A kind of 2. cultural method of Stropharia rugoso-annulata according to claim 1, it is characterised in that the cultivation in the step 2)
Expect for maize straw class planting material, be by being prepared according to the following material of mass percent meter：
Maize straw 80%, wheat bran 18%, lime 2%；Or
Maize straw 50%, corncob 30%, wheat bran 18%, lime 2%；Or
Maize straw 68%, cotton seed hulls 20%, wheat bran 9%, precipitated calcium carbonate 1%, lime 2%；Or
Maize straw 26%, wheat straw 6O%, wheat bran 10%, calcium superphosphate 2%, lime 2%；Or
Maize straw 50%, rice husk 50%；Or
Maize straw 50%, beans stalk 50%.
A kind of 3. cultural method of Stropharia rugoso-annulata according to claim 1, it is characterised in that the cultivation in the step 2)
Expect for corncob class planting material, be by being prepared according to the following material of mass percent meter：
Corncob 20%, wheat straw 50%, cotton seed hulls 15%, wheat bran 13%, lime 2%；Or
Corncob 30%, bacteria residue 50%, husk 17%, gypsum 1%, lime 2%；Or
Corncob 11.5%, wood chip 68.2%, wheat straw 20.3%.
A kind of 4. cultural method of Stropharia rugoso-annulata according to claim 1, it is characterised in that the cultivation in the step 2)
Expect for straw class planting material, be by being prepared according to the following material of mass percent meter：
Straw 5O%, husk 28%, weed tree sawdust 10%, wheat bran 10%, lime 2%；Or
Straw 65%, peanut vines powder 15%, soya bean stem meal 12%, wheat bran 6%, lime 2%；Or
Straw 80%, wood chip 20%；Or
Straw 40%, husk 40%, weed tree sawdust 20%；Or
Straw 63%, cow dung 10%, wheat bran 8%, calcium superphosphate 2%, gypsum 2%, calcium carbonate 1%, plant ash 4%, lime
3%.
A kind of 5. cultural method of Stropharia rugoso-annulata according to claim 1, it is characterised in that the cultivation in the step 2)
Material is by being prepared according to the following material of mass percent meter：Bacteria residue 63%, cotton seed hulls 20%, wheat bran 15%, gypsum
1%, brown sugar 1%.
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