CN110786203A - Planting method for crop rotation of stropharia rugoso-annulata and watermelons - Google Patents
Planting method for crop rotation of stropharia rugoso-annulata and watermelons Download PDFInfo
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- CN110786203A CN110786203A CN201911181362.4A CN201911181362A CN110786203A CN 110786203 A CN110786203 A CN 110786203A CN 201911181362 A CN201911181362 A CN 201911181362A CN 110786203 A CN110786203 A CN 110786203A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G18/00—Cultivation of mushrooms
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01B—SOIL WORKING IN AGRICULTURE OR FORESTRY; PARTS, DETAILS, OR ACCESSORIES OF AGRICULTURAL MACHINES OR IMPLEMENTS, IN GENERAL
- A01B79/00—Methods for working soil
- A01B79/02—Methods for working soil combined with other agricultural processing, e.g. fertilising, planting
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G18/00—Cultivation of mushrooms
- A01G18/20—Culture media, e.g. compost
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
- A01G22/05—Fruit crops, e.g. strawberries, tomatoes or cucumbers
Abstract
The invention relates to a planting method for crop rotation of stropharia rugoso-annulata and watermelons, which comprises the following steps: ploughing the farmland after harvesting the rice, and building a plastic greenhouse; selecting edible fungus residues, rice hulls and wood chips as culture materials, uniformly mixing, then mixing the wet culture materials with water, and stacking and fermenting; culturing stropharia rugoso-annulata with the culture material fermented in the greenhouse after 10 months in the lunar calendar, controlling the temperature of the culture material in the greenhouse to be not more than 25 ℃, fruiting in 12 months, collecting four batches of mushrooms in sequence, and finishing mushroom collection in the latter half month of the spring festival; after the harvest of the stropharia rugoso-annulata is finished, returning the compost to the field through a rotary cultivator, then planting greenhouse watermelons, wherein the first batch of watermelons in the lunar calendar in 4 months are ripe until the planting and picking of the watermelons in 8 months are finished. According to the planting mode of the crop rotation of the stropharia rugoso-annulata and the watermelon, the waste edible fungus residues are used as the compost material of the stropharia rugoso-annulata, so that the environmental pollution is avoided, the agricultural wastes can be recycled, and the planting cost of the stropharia rugoso-annulata is saved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of crop planting, and particularly relates to a crop rotation planting mode for stropharia rugoso-annulata and watermelons.
Background
Stropharia rugosoannulata is also called crinkle stropharia rugoso-annulata, stropharia rugoso-annulata and Caiyun mushroom, and is named as red tricholoma matsutake because of its appearance. Is one of ten mushrooms in the international mushroom trading market and is one of special varieties recommended by the world Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) to the developing countries in recent years. The stropharia rugoso-annulata is bright in color, thick in handle, thick and fat, smooth in taste, crisp and tender, rich in nutrition and high in amino acid, protein and polysaccharide components, and researches show that the stropharia rugoso-annulata has the effects of reducing cholesterol, preventing and treating atherosclerosis, relieving mental stress, preventing coronary heart disease and the like. Therefore, the stropharia rugoso-annulata planting method has wide development prospect. However, if the Stropharia rugoso-annulata is planted in the continuous cropping mode, the problems of soil hardening, yield reduction and the like are easily caused.
Disclosure of Invention
One purpose of the invention is to provide a planting mode of crop rotation of stropharia rugoso-annulata and watermelons.
The invention relates to a planting method for crop rotation of stropharia rugoso-annulata and watermelons, which comprises the following steps: s101: firstly, ploughing a farmland after harvesting rice, and building a plastic greenhouse with a steel pipe structure; s102: selecting edible fungus residues, rice hulls and wood chips as culture materials, uniformly mixing according to a preset proportion, then mixing the wet culture materials with water, and building and fermenting; s103: culturing stropharia rugoso-annulata with the culture material fermented in the greenhouse after 10 months in the lunar calendar, controlling the temperature of the culture material in the greenhouse to be not more than 25 ℃, fruiting in 12 months, collecting four batches of mushrooms in sequence, and finishing mushroom collection in the latter half month of the spring festival; s104: after the harvest of the stropharia rugoso-annulata is finished, returning the compost to the field through a rotary cultivator, then planting greenhouse watermelons, wherein the first batch of watermelons in the lunar calendar in 4 months are ripe until the planting and picking of the watermelons in 8 months are finished.
The cultivation of watermelons in the south of the Yangtze river is mainly greenhouse cultivation, seedling cultivation is started after spring festival, and harvest is started in April of the lunar calendar until 8 months of the lunar calendar. The gap period from the beginning of 9 months to the next watermelon planting can be used for cultivating stropharia rugoso-annulata, the stropharia rugoso-annulata is driven to appear on the market one month before the spring festival, the utilization rate of soil is improved, the economic benefit is increased, the pumpkin grafting seedlings are continuously cultivated after the stropharia rugoso-annulata culture material is returned to the field, sufficient nutrient components are provided for the second watermelon, and the quality and the yield of the next watermelon can be improved.
The crop rotation planting method of stropharia rugoso-annulata and watermelons is simple and extensive, and can be directly cultivated by using raw materials or fermented materials. The raw materials for cultivating the stropharia rugoso-annulata are wide in source, and corn stalks, straws, sawdust, rice husks, corncobs, waste mushroom dregs and the like can be used as culture materials. Therefore, the stropharia rugoso-annulata cultivation needs to be carried out according to local conditions, agricultural wastes in a planting area are used for planting, not only can the environmental pollution be reduced, but also the planting cost of the stropharia rugoso-annulata can be reduced, meanwhile, the compost for cultivating the stropharia rugoso-annulata can be used as an organic fertilizer to be returned to the field, the organic matter content in soil is improved, and the soil health is promoted.
According to the planting mode of the crop rotation of the stropharia rugoso-annulata and the watermelons, the waste edible fungus residues are used as the compost material of the stropharia rugoso-annulata, so that the environmental pollution is avoided, the agricultural wastes can be recycled, and the planting cost of the stropharia rugoso-annulata is saved; by the interval period of watermelon planting, the idle greenhouse of the watermelon field is reasonably utilized to plant the stropharia rugoso-annulata, the output and the economic benefit of the unit farmland are improved, and the income of farmers is obviously increased; the crop rotation of the stropharia rugoso-annulata and the watermelons is realized, and the stropharia rugoso-annulata culture material is ploughed back to the field, so that the soil can be obviously improved, the organic matter content of the soil is enhanced, and the important effect is played for improving the yield and the quality of the next batch of watermelons. The stropharia rugoso-annulata and the watermelons are crop-rotated, so that the health condition of soil can be effectively improved, and the diseases and insect pests caused by continuous cropping can be reduced.
The planting mode of the crop rotation of the stropharia rugoso-annulata and the watermelons can be applied to agricultural areas with edible fungus cultivation and greenhouse watermelon cultivation, and the purposes of recycling edible fungus residues, improving soil health, improving land utilization efficiency and increasing economic benefits of farmers are achieved.
In addition, the rotation planting mode of the stropharia rugoso-annulata and the watermelons can also have the following additional technical characteristics:
further, in the step S102, the preparation method of the edible fungus dreg comprises the following steps: and crushing the waste mushroom sticks into mushroom dregs by a crusher, and then exposing the mushroom dregs in the sun for three days to obtain the edible mushroom dregs.
Further, the edible mushroom dregs comprise pleurotus geesteranus dregs, shiitake mushroom dregs and/or oyster mushroom dregs.
Further, in the step S102, the mass content of the edible fungus dregs is 20% to 40% of the culture material, the mass content of the rice hulls is 20% to 40% of the culture material, and the mass content of the wood chips is 20% to 60% of the culture material.
Further, in the step S103, the temperature of the center of the compost pile of the compost does not exceed 25 ℃.
Further, in the step S103, the humidity in the greenhouse is 65% to 80%.
Further, in the step S104, the watermelon variety is 8424, and the pumpkin grafted seedling is selected in the next year, so as to avoid the diseases and insect pests caused by continuous cropping.
Additional aspects and advantages of the invention will be set forth in part in the description which follows and, in part, will be obvious from the description, or may be learned by practice of the invention.
Detailed Description
The following detailed description of embodiments of the invention is intended to be illustrative, and not to be construed as limiting the invention.
Detailed description of the preferred embodiment 1
Ploughing the farmland after harvesting the rice and building a plastic greenhouse with a steel pipe structure. The waste pleurotus geesteranus stick is crushed into fungus dregs by a crusher, and then is exposed to the sun for three days and bagged for later use. The formula of the stropharia rugoso-annulata culture material comprises the following components: 20% of pleurotus geesteranus mushroom dregs, 70% of wood chips and 10% of rice hulls. The three raw materials are uniformly stirred, then the materials are stirred, piled and fermented, and the pH value is adjusted to 7.5-8.0 by using 0.5% lime water. And (3) paving a material bed in the greenhouse in the middle ten days of 10 months, wherein the width of the material bed is 90cm, sowing seeds according to a mode of paving three layers of culture materials and sowing two layers of strains, the bottom layer paving thickness is 10-12 cm, the quincunx dibbling strains are adopted, the middle layer paving thickness is 8-10 cm, and the upper layer paving thickness is 5-7 cm. And then covering a 3-5 cm thick soil layer, and paving straws on the material bed for moisturizing. The amount of the culture medium per mu is about 5000 kg. And detecting the internal temperature of the culture material at regular time, wherein the internal temperature of the culture material cannot exceed 25 ℃. The humidity in the greenhouse is kept between 65% and 85%. The fruiting is started in the middle ten days of the 12 th month of the lunar calendar, about four times of the fruiting are carried out, and the acre yield of the fresh mushrooms reaches 2630 kg. And (3) after the harvest of the stropharia rugoso-annulata is finished in the middle of 1 month, returning the stropharia rugoso-annulata residues to the field, planting 8424 watermelons, starting to appear on the market after the first watermelons in the middle of 4 months, and finishing the harvest of watermelons at the bottom of 8 months. The per mu yield of the watermelon is 4800 kg. After the watermelon field is kept for four months, the second watermelon is planted, and the pumpkin grafted seedling is selected to avoid the plant diseases and insect pests caused by continuous cropping.
Specific example 2
Ploughing the farmland after harvesting the rice and building a plastic greenhouse with a steel pipe structure. The waste pleurotus geesteranus stick is crushed into fungus dregs by a crusher, and then is exposed to the sun for three days and bagged for later use. The formula of the stropharia rugoso-annulata culture material comprises the following components: 30% of pleurotus geesteranus mushroom residues, 60% of wood chips and 10% of rice hulls. The three raw materials are uniformly stirred, then the materials are stirred, piled and fermented, and the pH value is adjusted to 7.5-8.0 by using 0.5% lime water. And (3) paving a material bed in the greenhouse in the middle ten days of 10 months, wherein the width of the material bed is 90cm, sowing seeds according to a mode of paving three layers of culture materials and sowing two layers of strains, the bottom layer paving thickness is 10-12 cm, the quincunx dibbling strains are adopted, the middle layer paving thickness is 8-10 cm, and the upper layer paving thickness is 5-7 cm. And then covering a 3-5 cm thick soil layer, and paving straws on the material bed for moisturizing. The amount of the culture medium per mu is about 5000 kg. And detecting the internal temperature of the culture material at regular time, wherein the internal temperature of the culture material cannot exceed 25 ℃. The humidity in the greenhouse is kept between 65% and 85%. The fruiting is started in the middle ten days of the 12 th month of the lunar calendar, about four times of the fruiting are carried out, and the acre yield of the fresh mushrooms reaches 2470 kg. And (3) after the harvest of the stropharia rugoso-annulata is finished in the middle of 1 month, returning the stropharia rugoso-annulata residues to the field, planting 8424 watermelons, starting to appear on the market after the first watermelons in the middle of 4 months, and finishing the harvest of watermelons at the bottom of 8 months. The yield of the watermelon per mu is 5020 kg. After the watermelon field is kept for four months, the second watermelon is planted, and the pumpkin grafted seedling is selected to avoid the plant diseases and insect pests caused by continuous cropping.
Specific example 3
Ploughing the farmland after harvesting the rice and building a plastic greenhouse with a steel pipe structure. The waste pleurotus geesteranus stick is crushed into fungus dregs by a crusher, and then is exposed to the sun for three days and bagged for later use. The formula of the stropharia rugoso-annulata culture material comprises the following components: 40% of pleurotus geesteranus mushroom residues, 50% of wood chips and 10% of rice hulls. The three raw materials are uniformly stirred, then the materials are stirred, piled and fermented, and the pH value is adjusted to 7.5-8.0 by using 0.5% lime water. And (3) paving a material bed in the greenhouse in the middle ten days of 10 months, wherein the width of the material bed is 90cm, sowing seeds according to a mode of paving three layers of culture materials and sowing two layers of strains, the bottom layer paving thickness is 10-12 cm, the quincunx dibbling strains are adopted, the middle layer paving thickness is 8-10 cm, and the upper layer paving thickness is 5-7 cm. And then covering a 3-5 cm thick soil layer, and paving straws on the material bed for moisturizing. The amount of the culture medium per mu is about 5000 kg. And detecting the internal temperature of the culture material at regular time, wherein the internal temperature of the culture material cannot exceed 25 ℃. The humidity in the greenhouse is kept between 65% and 85%. The fruiting is started in the middle ten days of the 12 th month of the lunar calendar, about four times of the fruiting are carried out, and the acre yield of the fresh mushrooms reaches 2360 kg. And (3) after the harvest of the stropharia rugoso-annulata is finished in the middle of 1 month, returning the stropharia rugoso-annulata residues to the field, planting 8424 watermelons, starting to appear on the market after the first watermelons in the middle of 4 months, and finishing the harvest of watermelons at the bottom of 8 months. The per mu yield of the watermelon is 5160 kg. After the watermelon field is kept for four months, the second watermelon is planted, and the pumpkin grafted seedling is selected to avoid the plant diseases and insect pests caused by continuous cropping.
Specific example 4
Ploughing the farmland after harvesting the rice and building a plastic greenhouse with a steel pipe structure. The waste mushroom sticks of the mushrooms are crushed into mushroom dregs by a crusher and then are exposed to the sun for three days to be bagged for standby. The formula of the stropharia rugoso-annulata culture material comprises the following components: 20% of mushroom fungus residues, 70% of wood chips and 10% of rice hulls. The three raw materials are uniformly stirred, then the materials are stirred, piled and fermented, and the pH value is adjusted to 7.5-8.0 by using 0.5% lime water. And (3) paving a material bed in the greenhouse in the middle ten days of 10 months, wherein the width of the material bed is 90cm, sowing seeds according to a mode of paving three layers of culture materials and sowing two layers of strains, the bottom layer paving thickness is 10-12 cm, the quincunx dibbling strains are adopted, the middle layer paving thickness is 8-10 cm, and the upper layer paving thickness is 5-7 cm. And then covering a 3-5 cm thick soil layer, and paving straws on the material bed for moisturizing. The amount of the culture medium per mu is about 5000 kg. And detecting the internal temperature of the culture material at regular time, wherein the internal temperature of the culture material cannot exceed 25 ℃. The humidity in the greenhouse is kept between 65% and 85%. The fruiting is started in the middle ten days of the 12 th month of the lunar calendar, about four times of the fruiting are carried out, and the acre yield of the fresh mushrooms reaches 2740 kg. And (3) after the harvest of the stropharia rugoso-annulata is finished in the middle of 1 month, returning the stropharia rugoso-annulata residues to the field, planting 8424 watermelons, starting to appear on the market after the first watermelons in the middle of 4 months, and finishing the harvest of watermelons at the bottom of 8 months. The yield of the watermelon per mu is 5100 kg. After the watermelon field is kept for four months, the second watermelon is planted, and the pumpkin grafted seedling is selected to avoid the plant diseases and insect pests caused by continuous cropping.
Specific example 5
Ploughing the farmland after harvesting the rice and building a plastic greenhouse with a steel pipe structure. The waste mushroom sticks of the mushrooms are crushed into mushroom dregs by a crusher and then are exposed to the sun for three days to be bagged for standby. The formula of the stropharia rugoso-annulata culture material comprises the following components: 30% of mushroom fungus residues, 60% of wood chips and 10% of rice hulls. The three raw materials are uniformly stirred, then the materials are stirred, piled and fermented, and the pH value is adjusted to 7.5-8.0 by using 0.5% lime water. And (3) paving a material bed in the greenhouse in the middle ten days of 10 months, wherein the width of the material bed is 90cm, sowing seeds according to a mode of paving three layers of culture materials and sowing two layers of strains, the bottom layer paving thickness is 10-12 cm, the quincunx dibbling strains are adopted, the middle layer paving thickness is 8-10 cm, and the upper layer paving thickness is 5-7 cm. And then covering a 3-5 cm thick soil layer, and paving straws on the material bed for moisturizing. The amount of the culture medium per mu is about 5000 kg. And detecting the internal temperature of the culture material at regular time, wherein the internal temperature of the culture material cannot exceed 25 ℃. The humidity in the greenhouse is kept between 65% and 85%. The fruiting is started in the middle ten days of the 12 th month of the lunar calendar, about four times of the fruiting are carried out, and the acre yield of the fresh mushrooms reaches 2650 kg. And (3) after the harvest of the stropharia rugoso-annulata is finished in the middle of 1 month, returning the stropharia rugoso-annulata residues to the field, planting 8424 watermelons, starting to appear on the market after the first watermelons in the middle of 4 months, and finishing the harvest of watermelons at the bottom of 8 months. The per mu yield of the watermelon is 5230 kg. After the watermelon field is kept for four months, the second watermelon is planted, and the pumpkin grafted seedling is selected to avoid the plant diseases and insect pests caused by continuous cropping.
Specific example 6
Ploughing the farmland after harvesting the rice and building a plastic greenhouse with a steel pipe structure. The waste mushroom sticks of the mushrooms are crushed into mushroom dregs by a crusher and then are exposed to the sun for three days to be bagged for standby. The formula of the stropharia rugoso-annulata culture material comprises the following components: 40% of mushroom fungus residues, 50% of wood chips and 10% of rice hulls. The three raw materials are uniformly stirred, then the materials are stirred, piled and fermented, and the pH value is adjusted to 7.5-8.0 by using 0.5% lime water. And (3) paving a material bed in the greenhouse in the middle ten days of 10 months, wherein the width of the material bed is 90cm, sowing seeds according to a mode of paving three layers of culture materials and sowing two layers of strains, the bottom layer paving thickness is 10-12 cm, the quincunx dibbling strains are adopted, the middle layer paving thickness is 8-10 cm, and the upper layer paving thickness is 5-7 cm. And then covering a 3-5 cm thick soil layer, and paving straws on the material bed for moisturizing. The amount of the culture medium per mu is about 5000 kg. And detecting the internal temperature of the culture material at regular time, wherein the internal temperature of the culture material cannot exceed 25 ℃. The humidity in the greenhouse is kept between 65% and 85%. The fruiting is started in the middle ten days of the 12 th month of the lunar calendar, about four times of the fruiting are carried out, and the acre yield of the fresh mushrooms reaches 2530 kg. And (3) after the harvest of the stropharia rugoso-annulata is finished in the middle of 1 month, returning the stropharia rugoso-annulata residues to the field, planting 8424 watermelons, starting to appear on the market after the first watermelons in the middle of 4 months, and finishing the harvest of watermelons at the bottom of 8 months. The per mu yield of the watermelon is 5630 kg. After the watermelon field is kept for four months, the second watermelon is planted, and the pumpkin grafted seedling is selected to avoid the plant diseases and insect pests caused by continuous cropping.
Specific example 7
Ploughing the farmland after harvesting the rice and building a plastic greenhouse with a steel pipe structure. The waste mushroom sticks of the mushrooms are crushed into mushroom dregs by a crusher and then are exposed to the sun for three days to be bagged for standby. The formula of the stropharia rugoso-annulata culture material comprises the following components: 20% of oyster mushroom fungus residues, 70% of wood chips and 10% of rice hulls. The three raw materials are uniformly stirred, then the materials are stirred, piled and fermented, and the pH value is adjusted to 7.5-8.0 by using 0.5% lime water. And (3) paving a material bed in the greenhouse in the middle ten days of 10 months, wherein the width of the material bed is 90cm, sowing seeds according to a mode of paving three layers of culture materials and sowing two layers of strains, the bottom layer paving thickness is 10-12 cm, the quincunx dibbling strains are adopted, the middle layer paving thickness is 8-10 cm, and the upper layer paving thickness is 5-7 cm. And then covering a 3-5 cm thick soil layer, and paving straws on the material bed for moisturizing. The amount of the culture medium per mu is about 5000 kg. And detecting the internal temperature of the culture material at regular time, wherein the internal temperature of the culture material cannot exceed 25 ℃. The humidity in the greenhouse is kept between 65% and 85%. The fruiting is started in the middle ten days of the 12 th month of the lunar calendar, about four times of the fruiting are carried out, and the acre yield of the fresh mushrooms reaches 2380 kg. And (3) after the harvest of the stropharia rugoso-annulata is finished in the middle of 1 month, returning the stropharia rugoso-annulata residues to the field, planting 8424 watermelons, starting to appear on the market after the first watermelons in the middle of 4 months, and finishing the harvest of watermelons at the bottom of 8 months. The yield of the watermelon per mu is 4760 kg. After the watermelon field is kept for four months, the second watermelon is planted, and the pumpkin grafted seedling is selected to avoid the plant diseases and insect pests caused by continuous cropping.
Specific example 8
Ploughing the farmland after harvesting the rice and building a plastic greenhouse with a steel pipe structure. The waste mushroom sticks of the mushrooms are crushed into mushroom dregs by a crusher and then are exposed to the sun for three days to be bagged for standby. The formula of the stropharia rugoso-annulata culture material comprises the following components: 30% of oyster mushroom fungus residues, 60% of wood chips and 10% of rice hulls. The three raw materials are uniformly stirred, then the materials are stirred, piled and fermented, and the pH value is adjusted to 7.5-8.0 by using 0.5% lime water. And (3) paving a material bed in the greenhouse in the middle ten days of 10 months, wherein the width of the material bed is 90cm, sowing seeds according to a mode of paving three layers of culture materials and sowing two layers of strains, the bottom layer paving thickness is 10-12 cm, the quincunx dibbling strains are adopted, the middle layer paving thickness is 8-10 cm, and the upper layer paving thickness is 5-7 cm. And then covering a 3-5 cm thick soil layer, and paving straws on the material bed for moisturizing. The amount of the culture medium per mu is about 5000 kg. And detecting the internal temperature of the culture material at regular time, wherein the internal temperature of the culture material cannot exceed 25 ℃. The humidity in the greenhouse is kept between 65% and 85%. The fruiting is started in the middle ten days of the 12 th month of the lunar calendar, about four times of the fruiting are carried out, and the acre yield of the fresh mushrooms reaches 2290 kg. And (3) after the harvest of the stropharia rugoso-annulata is finished in the middle of 1 month, returning the stropharia rugoso-annulata residues to the field, planting 8424 watermelons, starting to appear on the market after the first watermelons in the middle of 4 months, and finishing the harvest of watermelons at the bottom of 8 months. The yield per mu of the watermelon is 5040 kg. After the watermelon field is kept for four months, the second watermelon is planted, and the pumpkin grafted seedling is selected to avoid the plant diseases and insect pests caused by continuous cropping.
Specific example 9
Ploughing the farmland after harvesting the rice and building a plastic greenhouse with a steel pipe structure. The waste mushroom sticks of the mushrooms are crushed into mushroom dregs by a crusher and then are exposed to the sun for three days to be bagged for standby. The formula of the stropharia rugoso-annulata culture material comprises the following components: 40% of oyster mushroom fungus residues, 50% of wood chips and 10% of rice hulls. The three raw materials are uniformly stirred, then the materials are stirred, piled and fermented, and the pH value is adjusted to 7.5-8.0 by using 0.5% lime water. And (3) paving a material bed in the greenhouse in the middle ten days of 10 months, wherein the width of the material bed is 90cm, sowing seeds according to a mode of paving three layers of culture materials and sowing two layers of strains, the bottom layer paving thickness is 10-12 cm, the quincunx dibbling strains are adopted, the middle layer paving thickness is 8-10 cm, and the upper layer paving thickness is 5-7 cm. And then covering a 3-5 cm thick soil layer, and paving straws on the material bed for moisturizing. The amount of the culture medium per mu is about 5000 kg. And detecting the internal temperature of the culture material at regular time, wherein the internal temperature of the culture material cannot exceed 25 ℃. The humidity in the greenhouse is kept between 65% and 85%. The fruiting is started in the middle ten days of the 12 th month of the lunar calendar, about four times of the fruiting are carried out, and the acre yield of the fresh mushrooms reaches 2130 kg. And (3) after the harvest of the stropharia rugoso-annulata is finished in the middle of 1 month, returning the stropharia rugoso-annulata residues to the field, planting 8424 watermelons, starting to appear on the market after the first watermelons in the middle of 4 months, and finishing the harvest of watermelons at the bottom of 8 months. The per mu yield of the watermelon is 5190 kg. After the watermelon field is kept for four months, the second watermelon is planted, and the pumpkin grafted seedling is selected to avoid the plant diseases and insect pests caused by continuous cropping.
In the description herein, references to the description of the term "one embodiment," "some embodiments," "an example," "a specific example," or "some examples," etc., mean that a particular feature, structure, material, or characteristic described in connection with the embodiment or example is included in at least one embodiment or example of the invention. In this specification, the schematic representations of the terms used above are not necessarily intended to refer to the same embodiment or example. Furthermore, the particular features, structures, materials, or characteristics described may be combined in any suitable manner in any one or more embodiments or examples. Furthermore, various embodiments or examples and features of different embodiments or examples described in this specification can be combined and combined by one skilled in the art without contradiction.
Although embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described above, it is understood that the above embodiments are exemplary and should not be construed as limiting the present invention, and that variations, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made to the above embodiments by those of ordinary skill in the art within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (7)
1. A planting mode of crop rotation of stropharia rugoso-annulata and watermelons is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s101: firstly, ploughing a farmland after harvesting rice, and building a plastic greenhouse with a steel pipe structure;
s102: taking edible fungus residues, rice hulls and wood chips as culture materials, uniformly mixing the edible fungus residues, the rice hulls and the wood chips according to a preset proportion, then mixing the wet culture materials with water, and building and fermenting;
s103: culturing stropharia rugoso-annulata with the culture material fermented in the greenhouse after 10 months in the lunar calendar, controlling the temperature of the culture material in the greenhouse to be not more than 25 ℃, fruiting in 12 months, collecting four batches of mushrooms in sequence, and finishing mushroom collection in the latter half month of the spring festival;
s104: after the harvest of the stropharia rugoso-annulata is finished, returning the compost to the field through a rotary cultivator, then planting greenhouse watermelons, wherein the first batch of watermelons in the lunar calendar in 4 months are ripe until the planting and picking of the watermelons in 8 months are finished.
2. A planting method of stropharia rugoso-annulata and watermelons according to claim 1, wherein in the step S102, the preparation method of the edible fungus dregs comprises the following steps: and crushing the waste mushroom sticks into mushroom dregs by a crusher, and then exposing the mushroom dregs in the sun for three days to obtain the edible mushroom dregs.
3. A rotation planting mode of stropharia rugoso-annulata and watermelons according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the edible mushroom dregs comprise pleurotus geesteranus dregs, shiitake mushroom dregs and/or oyster mushroom dregs.
4. A planting mode of crop rotation of stropharia rugoso-annulata and watermelons according to claim 1, wherein in the step S102, the mass content of the edible fungus residues is 20% -40% of the culture material, the mass content of the rice hulls is 20% -40% of the culture material, and the mass content of the wood chips is 20% -60% of the culture material.
5. A rotation planting mode of stropharia rugoso-annulata and watermelons according to claim 1, wherein in the step S103, the center temperature of the compost pile is not more than 25 ℃.
6. A crop rotation planting manner for stropharia rugoso-annulata and watermelons according to claim 1, wherein in the step S103, the humidity in the greenhouse is 65% -80%.
7. A rotation planting method of stropharia rugoso-annulata and watermelons according to claim 1, wherein in the step S104, the planted watermelon variety is 8424, and pumpkin grafted seedlings are selected in the next year to avoid diseases and insect pests caused by continuous cropping.
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