CN107439201A - A kind of acclimation method of wild bletilla striata seedling - Google Patents
A kind of acclimation method of wild bletilla striata seedling Download PDFInfo
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- CN107439201A CN107439201A CN201710774001.5A CN201710774001A CN107439201A CN 107439201 A CN107439201 A CN 107439201A CN 201710774001 A CN201710774001 A CN 201710774001A CN 107439201 A CN107439201 A CN 107439201A
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- bletilla striata
- seedling
- bletilla
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- seed
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01B—SOIL WORKING IN AGRICULTURE OR FORESTRY; PARTS, DETAILS, OR ACCESSORIES OF AGRICULTURAL MACHINES OR IMPLEMENTS, IN GENERAL
- A01B79/00—Methods for working soil
- A01B79/02—Methods for working soil combined with other agricultural processing, e.g. fertilising, planting
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C21/00—Methods of fertilising, sowing or planting
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G13/00—Protecting plants
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/10—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in agriculture
- Y02A40/22—Improving land use; Improving water use or availability; Controlling erosion
Abstract
The present invention relates to a kind of acclimation method of wild bletilla striata seedling, including domestication select and arrange, bletilla seed collection, preliminary domestication, secondary domestication, transplanting, the step such as seed selection.The bletilla striata cultivated on the milpa of present invention selection mountain top condition, it is conclusive environmental factor for keeping the drug effect of former wild bletilla striata, basic document is provided further to summarize bletilla striata planting technology, wild bletilla striata is promoted to be converted into the development of artificial growth industry, the seed of reliable in quality is provided for the expanding species bletilla striata, solve the problems, such as that the weary and long-term puzzled Chinese medicine raw material of industry of wild bletilla striata resource plaque is stable, the substantial amounts of high-quality source of goods is provided for the bletilla striata field of circulation, drive the development of supporting industries concerned, promote the sustainability of bletilla striata plantation, for growing area, peasant adds source of finance.Compared with traditional bletilla striata acclimation method, the acclimation period of the bletilla striata shortens 8~10 months, and 1 year can tames out substantial amounts of bletilla striata seedling.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to field of plant growing technology, and in particular to a kind of acclimation method of wild bletilla striata seedling.
Background technology
The rare crude drugs bletilla striata (BletillaStriata (Thunb.) Reichb.f.) is that the orchid family bletilla striata belongs to perennial
Herbaceous plant, alias：Luxuriant tongue orchid, Lian Jicao, Gan Gen, give free of charge, be Zhu Lan, purple blue, main product is in Sichuan, Yunnan, Shaanxi, Gansu etc.
Save, be distributed in the ground such as Hubei Wu Feng, long sun and be often referred to as the big bletilla striata, have safflower by pattern point in this region（Aubergine）The bletilla striata and
The chrysanthemum bletilla striata（Yellow-white）Two kinds, it is used as medicine with dry tuber, there is the effect of astringing to arrest bleeding, detumescence and promoting granulation, be widely used in treatment
The disease such as pulmonary tuberculosis and bronchiectasis hemoptysis, ulcer bleeding, it is mainly used in hemoptysis haematemesis, traumatism and bleeding, sore swollen toxin, skin
Skin is chapped, pulmonary tuberculosis hemoptysis, ulcer haemorrhage, and its bulb colloid containing bletilla, starch, volatile oil etc. are medicinal, the bletilla striata except for
Outside medical aspect, bletilla striata stem tuber be rich in Bletilla glucomannan, Bletilla glucomannan can instead of tragacanth rubber powder, gummi arabicum pulveratum as emulsifying agent,
Suspending agent, which is used for field, the tools such as food, beauty and chemical industry, to have been widely used.The bletilla striata is national key protected wild plants, tool
There is high economic value.,
In recent years, due to the medicinal of the bletilla striata and the value in other field so that the demand of the bletilla striata is given birth to its natural propagation
Long ability numerous imbalances, can not meet the needs of market, market demand increases year by year, and price rises year by year, causes
Going to wreck property of wild resource is excavated, and the plant of Precious, Rare, Endangered for being put into country is protected by, but also recorded in
In international trade pact (CITES) annex two, by the International Protection, forbid wild resource trade.
It is to solve bletilla striata imbalance between supply and demand, protect the effective way of bletilla striata wild resource to carry out artificial growth.At present with the bletilla striata
Seed asepsis sprouting to obtain a large amount of bletilla striata seedlings, but tissue-cultured seedling be transplanted to crop field after survival rate it is not high, it is serious to restrict bletilla striata industry
Change development.As solving, bletilla striata natural resources plaque is weary, improves the certainty of interior quality for bletilla striata introduction and acclimatization and GAP
Selection, but is faced with the immature of planting technology, the relation in bletilla striata pharmaceutical quality and the place of production, all for which type of bletilla seed selected
Seedling, any technical measures is taken, the bletilla striata kind of training is reached requirement, all be the particular problem to be faced.The bletilla striata is
A kind of natural crude drugs plant, be grown in 1600~3200m of height above sea level sylvan life, cheuch rock seam in, happiness it is warm, shade tolerance is strong.Kind
Son is very tiny, is difficult harvesting and collects, and extreme difficulties are brought to bletilla striata plantation is expanded.
The content of the invention
It is an object of the invention to：For above-mentioned deficiency, the invention provides a kind of domestication of wild bletilla striata seedling
Method.The bletilla striata cultivated on the milpa of present invention selection mountain top condition, it is to determine for the drug effect for keeping former wild bletilla striata
Property environmental factor, provides basic document further to summarize bletilla striata planting technology, promotion wild bletilla striata is converted into artificial growth
The development of industry, the seed of reliable in quality is provided for the expanding species bletilla striata, solve the weary and long-term puzzled Chinese medicine work of wild bletilla striata resource plaque
The problem of industry raw material is stable, the substantial amounts of high-quality source of goods is provided for the bletilla striata field of circulation, the development of supporting industries concerned is driven, promotes
The sustainability of bletilla striata plantation, source of finance is added for growing area peasant.Compared with traditional bletilla striata acclimation method, the bletilla striata
Acclimation period shortens 8~10 months, and 1 year can tames out substantial amounts of bletilla striata seedling.
In order to achieve the above object, present invention employs following technical scheme：
A kind of acclimation method of wild bletilla striata seedling, comprises the following steps：
（1）The selection of domestication ground and arrangement：2000~2800m of height above sea level is selected, frost-free period 220d, first frost season are after by the end of October, year
The mountain top that 12~18 DEG C of temperature on average, soil layer is deep to be not less than 30cm, rich in humus, fertile, loose sandy loam and the moon
Ground is tamed in wet plot as the bletilla striata, and deep plough 30~60cm, and every mu applies 8~10kg quick limes and base manure before domestication, then ground
Leveling；
（2）Bletilla seed gathers：Mean annual precipitation is not less than 1000mL, 12~15 DEG C of average temperature of the whole year, and height above sea level is 2000~
2800m, the shady and cool moistening of weather, edaphic condition is the wild bletilla striata on subacidity to the mountain region of neutrality, and collection has old stalk and tender shoots
Wild bletilla striata pseudobulb of giving birth to then plant, choosing is big, full, the white translucent and free from insect pests of color, without the stem tuber hindered is excavated, each
There is at least one bud on stem tuber；
（3）Preliminary domestication：
Nest is dug 1. ploughing the first furrow as a guideline：Open wide 100~120cm, high 30~35cm moisture in the soil in whole good ground, according to line-spacing 30cm, nest away from
30cm digs nest, nest depth 10cm, the leveling of nest bottom；
2. bletilla seed is cultivated：By step（2）Obtained pseudobulb bletilla seed is made to split by every plant of at least 1 terminal bud, i.e., each
Pseudobulb may be partitioned into multiple kinds of blocks, and otch smears plant ash, then presses and bletilla seed stems 2~3 are planted per nest, planted in time after having dug nest
Training；
3. field management：
A, tillage and weeding：Tillage and weeding is carried out after the annual bletilla striata plays the crop made between after seedling, growth animated period and harvest, is intertilled
Annual 4 times of weeding, all shallow hoe of intertillage, removes planting site periphery weeds every time；
B, rich water quality management：After each tillage and weeding using bio-bacterial manure top dressing once, 15~18cm is grown in bletilla striata height of seedling in addition
When, 800~1000 times of effective microorganisms(EM) insect prevention liquid is once diluted to branches and leaves sprinkling, in the blossom fall latter stage of the bletilla striata, from the root of the bletilla striata
Spray the effective microorganisms(EM) dilution of 500~1000 times；During wherein 7~September arid, a water is respectively poured sooner or later, rainy season dredges in time
Ditch excludes planting base ponding；
C, the prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control：Fly net is set around frame, insect prevention lamp is set in canopy, it is found that insect pest is manually killed, finds
Artificial extract is carried out during diseased plant and removes planting base, is then spreaded manuer in holes in disease with 0.3~0.5kg quick limes；
（4）Secondary domestication：
1. division propagation：2~April or 8~September are by step（3）Tentatively tame the obtained bletilla striata and carry out plant division transplanting, it is crosscutting with knife
Fritter, every piece has 1~2 bud, and otch is planted after being stained with plant ash；
2. cultivation seedling-cultivating：Open trapezoidal ridge, wide 1.5~1.8m on ridge, wide 1.8~2.3m, the high 40~50cm in ridge, according to spacing in the rows under ridge
Stem tuber is placed for 4~6cm, bud is upward, bankets, and compacting, pours root water, then mulching straw moisturizing, soil moisture content control
It is 1~1.3 in 40~50%, soil respiration coefficient；
3. seedling management：Adjusting greenhouse temperature, humidity and intensity of illumination so that the water content of plastic shed soil gradually reduces naturally,
Sprinkling irrigation processing is carried out after soil moisture content is less than 25%；
（5）Transplanting, seed selection：When alternation of wetting and drying is repeated, repeats seedling after sprinkling irrigation is handled 5~6 months, step is selected（4）Middle height
The bletilla seed transplantation of seedlings in 0.7~1.0cm healthy and strong no disease and pests harm is spent to big Tanaka, when the bletilla striata harvests, selects the bletilla striata to give birth to then
The pseudobulb for having old stalk and tender shoots is planted；Seedling stem takes two ways to handle：First, with digging with cultivation；Second, kind of a block is stored to next
The plantation of spring in year.
More specifically, step（1）, in addition to raked after deep ploughing or deep-cutting 15~40cm by the domestication, debris is removed,
Shading shed is built, two layers of shading screen is covered outside the film of greenhouse so that humidity in greenhouse is 40~60%, canopy temperature
At 20~28 DEG C, spray irrigation band is installed in greenhouse and connected and irrigates valve manually.
More specifically, in step（1）, every mu of the base manure applies 120~150kg poultrys liquid dung and 60~100kg vegetations
Ash.
More specifically, in step（3）, the prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control also spreads a plant ash every two weeks including bletilla striata seedling stage, often
Mu applies 60~80kg of plant ash.
More specifically, in step（3）, the tillage and weeding is for the first time in 3~April, after bletilla striata seedling all sprouts；June carries out the
Secondary weeding；Third time is in 8~September；4th weeding combines the crop made between harvest and carried out, and shallow hoe railway carriage or compartment face, roots out weeds.
More specifically, in step（4）, the sprinkling irrigation processing plants to be implanted with the ridge of the bletilla striata for opening spray irrigation band into greenhouse sprays
Fill so that soil moisture content is 50~55%, then makes the water content of plastic shed soil gradually reduce naturally, when soil moisture content is
Every mu is spread fertilizer over the fields 50~70kg poultrys and divides water when 30~35%；After soil moisture content is less than 25%, sprinkling irrigation processing is repeated.
More specifically, in step（4）, in the seedling management greenhouse temperature be 18~25 DEG C, humidity be 40~60% and light
It is 800~1500lx according to intensity.
The mode for storing kind of block to the plantation of spring in next year in the present invention has two kinds：
1. the mode one that bletilla seed block is stored to the plantation of spring in next year is：Bletilla striata stem tuber, which is dug back, dries 3 at rearmounted aeration-drying
~5d, then, according to parts by volume meter, 1 part of bletilla seed stems is stained with after plant ash and mixes storage with the thin river sand of 2~3 parts of cleaning
In ventilation, shady and cool, dry interior；
2. the mode two that bletilla seed block is stored to the plantation of spring in next year is：Using the thin river sand of 2~3 times of amounts of seedling stem volume with gluing
The bletilla seed stems for having plant ash mix, and load in wooden case and store；Case top is opened wide, and pays attention to running check, and discovery is gone mouldy goes in time
Remove.
The cleaning that the thin river sand refers to remove soil in river sand, stone, putrefaction, broken branches and leaves and careless bar impurity is pure
Sand, and river sand water content is 20~30%, river sand granularity is less than 0.3mm.
In the manner described above, you can realize the training for wild bletilla striata being converted into artificial growth, and further cultivate expansion
The secondary seedling stem that breeding is planted.
In summary, the present invention has the positive effect that as a result of such scheme：
（1）The bletilla striata cultivated on the milpa of present invention selection mountain top condition, is to determine for keeping the drug effect of former wild bletilla striata
Qualitatively environmental factor, basic document is provided further to summarize bletilla striata planting technology, promotes wild bletilla striata to be converted into people's work post
The development of industry is planted, the seed of reliable in quality is provided for the expanding species bletilla striata, solves the weary and long-term puzzled Chinese medicine of wild bletilla striata resource plaque
The problem of raw material of industry is stable, the substantial amounts of high-quality source of goods is provided for the bletilla striata field of circulation, the development of supporting industries concerned is driven, promotees
Enter the sustainability of bletilla striata plantation, source of finance is added for growing area peasant.
（2）Shade greenhouse is built before bletilla striata domestication of the present invention, the living environment good to bletilla striata seedling, avoids direct sunlight from burning
Hinder seedling, spray irrigation band is installed in greenhouse, carry out sprinkling cooling moisture-retaining at any time, spray irrigation band connects sprinkling irrigation valve manually, prevents from having a power failure
It can not spray；Fertilizer used in domestication is organic fertilizer, can not only avoid damaging ecological environment using chemical fertilizer,
And soil texture can be changed, increase soil fertility so that the bletilla striata seedling quality and yield for taming to obtain is improved.
（3）Greenhouse of the present invention directly opens ridge in canopy after building up, change in the past using nursery nutrient matrix domestication seedling
Defect, convenient fertilising, nutrition supply is sufficient, has more preferable heat and moisture preserving effect, facilitates the control of humidity in greenhouse, add
Domesticated seedlings quantity, reduces cost, improves the survival rate of bletilla striata domesticated seedlings, accelerates the speed of growth of bletilla striata seedling.With it is traditional white
Splendid achnatherum acclimation method is compared, and the acclimation period of the bletilla striata shortens 8~10 months, and 1 year can tames out substantial amounts of bletilla striata seedling.
Embodiment
With reference to embodiment to a kind of acclimation method of wild bletilla striata seedling of the present invention, it is described further.
Embodiment 1
A kind of acclimation method of wild bletilla striata seedling, comprises the following steps：
（1）The selection of domestication ground and arrangement：2000~2800m of height above sea level is selected, frost-free period 220d, first frost season are after by the end of October, year
The mountain top that 12~18 DEG C of temperature on average, soil layer is deep to be not less than 30cm, rich in humus, fertile, loose sandy loam and the moon
Ground is tamed in wet plot as the bletilla striata, and deep plough 30cm, and every mu of application 8kg quick limes and base manure, every mu of the base manure are applied before domestication
Enter 120kg poultrys liquid dung and 60kg plant ash, then ground is flattened；Also include harrowing after deep ploughing or deep-cutting 15cm by the domestication
It is flat, debris is removed, shading shed is built, two layers of shading screen is covered outside the film of greenhouse so that humidity in greenhouse is 40%, greatly
Temperature of shed is installed spray irrigation band and connected in greenhouse and irrigate valve manually at 20 DEG C；
（2）Bletilla seed gathers：Mean annual precipitation is not less than 1000mL, 12~15 DEG C of average temperature of the whole year, and height above sea level is 2000~
2800m, the shady and cool moistening of weather, edaphic condition is the wild bletilla striata on subacidity to the mountain region of neutrality, and collection has old stalk and tender shoots
Wild bletilla striata pseudobulb of giving birth to then plant, choosing is big, full, the white translucent and free from insect pests of color, without the stem tuber hindered is excavated, each
There is at least one bud on stem tuber；
（3）Preliminary domestication：
Nest is dug 1. ploughing the first furrow as a guideline：Wide 100cm, high 30cm moisture in the soil are opened in whole good ground, nest, nest are dug away from 30cm according to line-spacing 30cm, nest
Deep 10cm, the leveling of nest bottom；
2. bletilla seed is cultivated：By step（2）Obtained pseudobulb bletilla seed is made to split by every plant of at least 1 terminal bud, i.e., each
Pseudobulb may be partitioned into multiple kinds of blocks, and otch smears plant ash, then presses and bletilla seed stems 2~3 are planted per nest, planted in time after having dug nest
Training；
3. field management：
A, tillage and weeding：Tillage and weeding is carried out after the annual bletilla striata plays the crop made between after seedling, growth animated period and harvest, is intertilled
Annual 4 times of weeding, all shallow hoe of intertillage, removes planting site periphery weeds every time；The tillage and weeding is for the first time in 3~April, the bletilla striata
After seedling all sprouts；June carries out second of weeding；Third time is in 8~September；4th weeding combines the crop made between harvest and carried out, shallow
Railway carriage or compartment face is uprooted, roots out weeds；
B, rich water quality management：After each tillage and weeding using bio-bacterial manure top dressing once, it is right in addition when bletilla striata height of seedling grows to 15cm
Branches and leaves sprinkling once dilutes 800 times of effective microorganisms(EM) insect prevention liquid, in the blossom fall latter stage of the bletilla striata, is sprayed one time 500 from the root of the bletilla striata
Effective microorganisms(EM) dilution again；During wherein 7~September arid, a water is respectively poured sooner or later, and rainy season dredges ditch and excludes planting matrix area in time
Water；
C, the prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control：Fly net is set around frame, insect prevention lamp is set in canopy, it is found that insect pest is manually killed, finds
Artificial extract is carried out during diseased plant and removes planting base, is then spreaded manuer in holes in disease with 0.3kg quick limes；Also include bletilla striata seedling stage every two weeks
A plant ash is spread, every mu applies plant ash 60kg；
（4）Secondary domestication：
1. division propagation：2~April or 8~September are by step（3）Tentatively tame the obtained bletilla striata and carry out plant division transplanting, it is crosscutting with knife
Fritter, every piece has 1~2 bud, and otch is planted after being stained with plant ash；
2. cultivation seedling-cultivating：Open trapezoidal ridge, wide 1.5m on ridge, wide 1.8m, the high 40cm in ridge under ridge, are that 4~6cm places block according to spacing in the rows
Stem, bud is upward, bankets, and compacting, pours root water, then mulching straw moisturizing, and soil moisture content is controlled in 40%, soil respiration
Coefficient is 1；
3. seedling management：Regulation greenhouse is 18 DEG C, humidity is 40% and intensity of illumination is 800lx so that the water content of plastic shed soil
Gradually reduce naturally, sprinkling irrigation processing is carried out after soil moisture content is less than 25%；The sprinkling irrigation processing is opens spray irrigation band to big
Kind, which is implanted with the ridge of the bletilla striata, in canopy sprays so that soil moisture content 50%, the water content of plastic shed soil is gradually dropped naturally
Low, when soil moisture content is 30%, every mu is spread fertilizer over the fields 50kg poultrys and divides water；After soil moisture content is less than 25%, repeat at sprinkling irrigation
Reason；
（5）Transplanting, seed selection：When alternation of wetting and drying is repeated, repeats seedling after sprinkling irrigation is handled 5~6 months, step is selected（4）Middle height
The bletilla seed transplantation of seedlings in 0.7cm healthy and strong no disease and pests harm is spent to big Tanaka, when the bletilla striata harvests, selects the bletilla striata to have old stalk then
Planted with the pseudobulb of tender shoots；Seedling stem takes two ways to handle：First, with digging with cultivation；Second, kind of a block was stored to spring in next year
Plantation.
Embodiment 2
A kind of acclimation method of wild bletilla striata seedling, comprises the following steps：
（1）The selection of domestication ground and arrangement：2000~2800m of height above sea level is selected, frost-free period 220d, first frost season are after by the end of October, year
The mountain top that 12~18 DEG C of temperature on average, soil layer is deep to be not less than 30cm, rich in humus, fertile, loose sandy loam and the moon
Ground is tamed in wet plot as the bletilla striata, and deep plough 60cm, and every mu of application 10kg quick limes and base manure, every mu of the base manure are applied before domestication
Enter 150kg poultrys liquid dung and 100kg plant ash, then ground is flattened；Also include harrowing after deep ploughing or deep-cutting 40cm by the domestication
It is flat, debris is removed, shading shed is built, two layers of shading screen is covered outside the film of greenhouse so that humidity in greenhouse is 60%, greatly
Temperature of shed is installed spray irrigation band and connected in greenhouse and irrigate valve manually at 28 DEG C；
（2）Bletilla seed gathers：Mean annual precipitation is not less than 1000mL, 12~15 DEG C of average temperature of the whole year, and height above sea level is 2000~
2800m, the shady and cool moistening of weather, edaphic condition is the wild bletilla striata on subacidity to the mountain region of neutrality, and collection has old stalk and tender shoots
Wild bletilla striata pseudobulb of giving birth to then plant, choosing is big, full, the white translucent and free from insect pests of color, without the stem tuber hindered is excavated, each
There is at least one bud on stem tuber；
（3）Preliminary domestication：
Nest is dug 1. ploughing the first furrow as a guideline：Wide 120cm, high 35cm moisture in the soil are opened in whole good ground, nest, nest are dug away from 30cm according to line-spacing 30cm, nest
Deep 10cm, the leveling of nest bottom；
2. bletilla seed is cultivated：By step（2）Obtained pseudobulb bletilla seed is made to split by every plant of at least 1 terminal bud, i.e., each
Pseudobulb may be partitioned into multiple kinds of blocks, and otch smears plant ash, then presses and bletilla seed stems 2~3 are planted per nest, planted in time after having dug nest
Training；
3. field management：
A, tillage and weeding：Tillage and weeding is carried out after the annual bletilla striata plays the crop made between after seedling, growth animated period and harvest, is intertilled
Annual 4 times of weeding, all shallow hoe of intertillage, removes planting site periphery weeds every time；The tillage and weeding is for the first time in 3~April, the bletilla striata
After seedling all sprouts；June carries out second of weeding；Third time is in 8~September；4th weeding combines the crop made between harvest and carried out, shallow
Railway carriage or compartment face is uprooted, roots out weeds；
B, rich water quality management：After each tillage and weeding using bio-bacterial manure top dressing once, it is right in addition when bletilla striata height of seedling grows to 18cm
Branches and leaves sprinkling once dilutes 1000 times of effective microorganisms(EM) insect prevention liquid, in the blossom fall latter stage of the bletilla striata, is sprayed once from the root of the bletilla striata
1000 times of effective microorganisms(EM) dilution；During wherein 7~September arid, a water is respectively poured sooner or later, and rainy season dredges ditch and excludes planting base in time
Ponding；
C, the prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control：Fly net is set around frame, insect prevention lamp is set in canopy, it is found that insect pest is manually killed, finds
Artificial extract is carried out during diseased plant and removes planting base, is then spreaded manuer in holes in disease with 0.5kg quick limes；Also include bletilla striata seedling stage every two weeks
A plant ash is spread, every mu applies plant ash 80kg；
（4）Secondary domestication：
1. division propagation：2~April or 8~September are by step（3）Tentatively tame the obtained bletilla striata and carry out plant division transplanting, it is crosscutting with knife
Fritter, every piece has 1~2 bud, and otch is planted after being stained with plant ash；
2. cultivation seedling-cultivating：Opening trapezoidal ridge, wide 1.8m on ridge, wide 2.3m, the high 50cm in ridge under ridge, are that 6cm places stem tuber according to spacing in the rows,
Bud is upward, bankets, and compacting, pours root water, then mulching straw moisturizing, and soil moisture content is controlled in 50%, soil respiration coefficient
For 1.3；
3. seedling management：Adjust greenhouse be 25 DEG C, humidity is 60% and intensity of illumination is 1500lx so that plastic shed soil it is aqueous
Amount is gradually reduced naturally, and sprinkling irrigation processing is carried out after soil moisture content is less than 25%；It is described sprinkling irrigation processing for open spray irrigation band to
Kind, which is implanted with the ridge of the bletilla striata, in greenhouse sprays so that soil moisture content 55%, then makes the water content of plastic shed soil gradually natural
Reduce, when soil moisture content is 35%, every mu is spread fertilizer over the fields 70kg poultrys and divides water；After soil moisture content is less than 25%, repeat to spray
Processing；
（5）Transplanting, seed selection：When alternation of wetting and drying is repeated, repeats seedling after sprinkling irrigation is handled 5~6 months, step is selected（4）Middle height
The bletilla seed transplantation of seedlings in 1.0cm healthy and strong no disease and pests harm is spent to big Tanaka, when the bletilla striata harvests, selects the bletilla striata to have old stalk then
Planted with the pseudobulb of tender shoots；Seedling stem takes two ways to handle：First, with digging with cultivation；Second, kind of a block was stored to spring in next year
Plantation.
Embodiment 3
A kind of acclimation method of wild bletilla striata seedling, comprises the following steps：
（1）The selection of domestication ground and arrangement：2000~2800m of height above sea level is selected, frost-free period 220d, first frost season are after by the end of October, year
The mountain top that 12~18 DEG C of temperature on average, soil layer is deep to be not less than 30cm, rich in humus, fertile, loose sandy loam and the moon
Ground is tamed in wet plot as the bletilla striata, and deep plough 30~60cm, and every mu applies 8~10kg quick limes and base manure, the base before domestication
Every mu of fertilizer applies 120~130kg poultrys liquid dung and 60~80kg plant ash, then ground is flattened；Also include the domestication ground is deep
Plough or raked after deep-cutting 30~40cm, remove debris, build shading shed, two layers of shading screen is covered outside the film of greenhouse so that
40~50%, canopy temperature installs spray irrigation band in greenhouse and connects manual irrigation valve at 20~25 DEG C for humidity in greenhouse
Door；
（2）Bletilla seed gathers：Mean annual precipitation is not less than 1000mL, 12~15 DEG C of average temperature of the whole year, and height above sea level is 2000~
2800m, the shady and cool moistening of weather, edaphic condition is the wild bletilla striata on subacidity to the mountain region of neutrality, and collection has old stalk and tender shoots
Wild bletilla striata pseudobulb of giving birth to then plant, choosing is big, full, the white translucent and free from insect pests of color, without the stem tuber hindered is excavated, each
There is at least one bud on stem tuber；
（3）Preliminary domestication：
Nest is dug 1. ploughing the first furrow as a guideline：Open wide 100~110cm, high 30~33cm moisture in the soil in whole good ground, according to line-spacing 30cm, nest away from
30cm digs nest, nest depth 10cm, the leveling of nest bottom；
2. bletilla seed is cultivated：By step（2）Obtained pseudobulb bletilla seed is made to split by every plant of at least 1 terminal bud, i.e., each
Pseudobulb may be partitioned into multiple kinds of blocks, and otch smears plant ash, then presses and bletilla seed stems 2~3 are planted per nest, planted in time after having dug nest
Training；
3. field management：
A, tillage and weeding：Tillage and weeding is carried out after the annual bletilla striata plays the crop made between after seedling, growth animated period and harvest, is intertilled
Annual 4 times of weeding, all shallow hoe of intertillage, removes planting site periphery weeds every time；The tillage and weeding is for the first time in 3~April, the bletilla striata
After seedling all sprouts；June carries out second of weeding；Third time is in 8~September；4th weeding combines the crop made between harvest and carried out, shallow
Railway carriage or compartment face is uprooted, roots out weeds；
B, rich water quality management：After each tillage and weeding using bio-bacterial manure top dressing once, 16~18cm is grown in bletilla striata height of seedling in addition
When, branches and leaves are sprayed with the effective microorganisms(EM) insect prevention liquid of once 800~900 times of dilution, in the blossom fall latter stage of the bletilla striata, is sprayed from the root of the bletilla striata
Apply the effective microorganisms(EM) dilution of 600~800 times；During wherein 7~September arid, a water is respectively poured sooner or later, and rainy season dredges ditch row in time
Except planting base ponding；
C, the prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control：Fly net is set around frame, insect prevention lamp is set in canopy, it is found that insect pest is manually killed, finds
Artificial extract is carried out during diseased plant and removes planting base, is then spreaded manuer in holes in disease with 0.3~0.4kg quick limes；Also include bletilla striata seedling stage
A plant ash is spread every two weeks, and every mu applies 60~70kg of plant ash；
（4）Secondary domestication：
1. division propagation：2~April or 8~September are by step（3）Tentatively tame the obtained bletilla striata and carry out plant division transplanting, it is crosscutting with knife
Fritter, every piece has 1~2 bud, and otch is planted after being stained with plant ash；
2. cultivation seedling-cultivating：Open trapezoidal ridge, wide 1.6~1.8m on ridge, wide 1.8~2.1m, the high 45~50cm in ridge, according to spacing in the rows under ridge
Stem tuber is placed for 5~6cm, bud is upward, bankets, and compacting, pours root water, then mulching straw moisturizing, soil moisture content control
It is 1~1.2 in 40~45%, soil respiration coefficient；
3. seedling management：Regulation greenhouse is 18~22 DEG C, humidity is 50~60% and intensity of illumination is 800~1200lx so that big
The water content of canopy soil is gradually reduced naturally, and sprinkling irrigation processing is carried out after soil moisture content is less than 25%；The sprinkling irrigation is handled
Opening spray irrigation band plants to be implanted with the ridge of the bletilla striata into greenhouse sprays so that soil moisture content is 50~53%, then makes plastic shed soil
Water content gradually reduce naturally, when soil moisture content is 30~33%, every mu is spread fertilizer over the fields 60~70kg poultrys and divides water；When soil contains
Water is less than after 25%, repeats sprinkling irrigation processing；
（5）Transplanting, seed selection：When alternation of wetting and drying is repeated, repeats seedling after sprinkling irrigation is handled 5~6 months, step is selected（4）Middle height
The bletilla seed transplantation of seedlings in 0.8~1.0cm healthy and strong no disease and pests harm is spent to big Tanaka, when the bletilla striata harvests, selects the bletilla striata to give birth to then
The pseudobulb for having old stalk and tender shoots is planted；Seedling stem takes two ways to handle：First, with digging with cultivation；Second, kind of a block is stored to next
The plantation of spring in year.
In summary, the bletilla striata cultivated on the milpa of present invention selection mountain top condition, for keeping former wild bletilla striata
Drug effect be conclusive environmental factor, provides basic document further to summarize bletilla striata planting technology, promotes wild bletilla striata turn
The development of artificial growth industry is turned to, the seed of reliable in quality is provided for the expanding species bletilla striata, it is weary and long to solve wild bletilla striata resource plaque
The problem of phase puzzlement Chinese medicine raw material of industry is stable, the substantial amounts of high-quality source of goods is provided for the bletilla striata field of circulation, drives related supporting production
The development of industry, promote the sustainability of bletilla striata plantation, source of finance is added for growing area peasant.Taken before bletilla striata domestication of the present invention
Shade greenhouse is built, the living environment good to bletilla striata seedling, avoids direct sunlight from burning seedling, installation spray irrigation band in greenhouse, at any time
Sprinkling cooling moisture-retaining is carried out, spray irrigation band connects sprinkling irrigation valve manually, prevents power failure from can not spray；Fertilizer used in domestication is organic
It fertilizer, can not only avoid damaging ecological environment using chemical fertilizer, and soil texture can be changed, improve soil
Fertility so that the bletilla striata seedling quality and yield for taming to obtain is improved.Greenhouse of the present invention directly opens ridge after building up in canopy, changes
The defects of becoming in the past using nursery nutrient matrix domestication seedling, convenient fertilising, nutrition supply is sufficient, has more preferable heat and moisture preserving
Effect, facilitate the control of humidity in greenhouse, add domesticated seedlings quantity, reduce cost, improve the survival rate of bletilla striata domesticated seedlings,
Accelerate the speed of growth of bletilla striata seedling.Compared with traditional bletilla striata acclimation method, the acclimation period of the bletilla striata shortens 8~10 months,
1 year can tames out substantial amounts of bletilla striata seedling.
The preferred embodiment of invention is the foregoing is only, is not intended to limit the invention, all spirit in the present invention
Within principle, any modification, equivalent substitution and improvements made etc., it should be included in the scope of the protection.
Claims (7)
1. a kind of acclimation method of wild bletilla striata seedling, it is characterised in that comprise the following steps：
（1）The selection of domestication ground and arrangement：2000~2800m of height above sea level is selected, frost-free period 220d, first frost season are after by the end of October, year
The mountain top that 12~18 DEG C of temperature on average, soil layer is deep to be not less than 30cm, rich in humus, fertile, loose sandy loam and the moon
Ground is tamed in wet plot as the bletilla striata, and deep plough 30~60cm, and every mu applies 8~10kg quick limes and base manure before domestication, then ground
Leveling；
（2）Bletilla seed gathers：Mean annual precipitation is not less than 1000mL, 12~15 DEG C of average temperature of the whole year, and height above sea level is 2000~
2800m, the shady and cool moistening of weather, edaphic condition is the wild bletilla striata on subacidity to the mountain region of neutrality, and collection has old stalk and tender shoots
Wild bletilla striata pseudobulb of giving birth to then plant, choosing is big, full, the white translucent and free from insect pests of color, without the stem tuber hindered is excavated, each
There is at least one bud on stem tuber；
（3）Preliminary domestication：
Nest is dug 1. ploughing the first furrow as a guideline：Open wide 100~120cm, high 30~35cm moisture in the soil in whole good ground, according to line-spacing 30cm, nest away from
30cm digs nest, nest depth 10cm, the leveling of nest bottom；
2. bletilla seed is cultivated：By step（2）Obtained pseudobulb bletilla seed is made to split by every plant of at least 1 terminal bud, i.e., each
Pseudobulb may be partitioned into multiple kinds of blocks, and otch smears plant ash, then presses and bletilla seed stems 2~3 are planted per nest, planted in time after having dug nest
Training；
3. field management：
A, tillage and weeding：Tillage and weeding is carried out after the annual bletilla striata plays the crop made between after seedling, growth animated period and harvest, is intertilled
Annual 4 times of weeding, all shallow hoe of intertillage, removes planting site periphery weeds every time；
B, rich water quality management：After each tillage and weeding using bio-bacterial manure top dressing once, 15~18cm is grown in bletilla striata height of seedling in addition
When, 800~1000 times of effective microorganisms(EM) insect prevention liquid is once diluted to branches and leaves sprinkling, in the blossom fall latter stage of the bletilla striata, from the root of the bletilla striata
Spray the effective microorganisms(EM) dilution of 500~1000 times；During wherein 7~September arid, a water is respectively poured sooner or later, rainy season dredges in time
Ditch excludes planting base ponding；
C, the prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control：Fly net is set around frame, insect prevention lamp is set in canopy, it is found that insect pest is manually killed, finds
Artificial extract is carried out during diseased plant and removes planting base, is then spreaded manuer in holes in disease with 0.3~0.5kg quick limes；
（4）Secondary domestication：
1. division propagation：2~April or 8~September are by step（3）Tentatively tame the obtained bletilla striata and carry out plant division transplanting, it is crosscutting with knife
Fritter, every piece has 1~2 bud, and otch is planted after being stained with plant ash；
2. cultivation seedling-cultivating：Open trapezoidal ridge, wide 1.5~1.8m on ridge, wide 1.8~2.3m, the high 40~50cm in ridge, according to spacing in the rows under ridge
Stem tuber is placed for 4~6cm, bud is upward, bankets, and compacting, pours root water, then mulching straw moisturizing, soil moisture content control
It is 1~1.3 in 40~50%, soil respiration coefficient；
3. seedling management：Adjusting greenhouse temperature, humidity and intensity of illumination so that the water content of plastic shed soil gradually reduces naturally,
Sprinkling irrigation processing is carried out after soil moisture content is less than 25%；
Transplanting, seed selection：When alternation of wetting and drying is repeated, repeats seedling after sprinkling irrigation is handled 5~6 months, step is selected（4）Middle height exists
The bletilla seed transplantation of seedlings of 0.7~1.0cm healthy and strong no disease and pests harm, when the bletilla striata harvests, selects the bletilla striata to have then always to big Tanaka
Stalk and the pseudobulb of tender shoots are planted；Seedling stem takes two ways to handle：First, with digging with cultivation；Second, kind of a block was stored to the spring in next year
Season plants.
A kind of 2. acclimation method of wild bletilla striata seedling according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：Step（1）, in addition to will
The domestication ground is deep ploughed or raked after deep-cutting 15~40cm, is removed debris, is built shading shed, covered outside the film of greenhouse two layers
Shading screen so that 40~60%, canopy temperature is installed spray irrigation band and connect in greenhouse at 20~28 DEG C for humidity in greenhouse
It is logical to irrigate valve manually.
A kind of 3. acclimation method of wild bletilla striata seedling according to claim 2, it is characterised in that：In step（1）, the base
Every mu of fertilizer applies 120~150kg poultrys liquid dung and 60~100kg plant ash.
A kind of 4. acclimation method of wild bletilla striata seedling according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：In step（3）, the disease
Pest control also spreads a plant ash every two weeks including bletilla striata seedling stage, and every mu applies 60~80kg of plant ash.
A kind of 5. acclimation method of wild bletilla striata seedling according to claim 4, it is characterised in that：In step（3）, in described
Weeding is for the first time in 3~April, after bletilla striata seedling all sprouts；June carries out second of weeding；Third time is in 8~September；4th weeding
Carried out with reference to the crop made between harvest, shallow hoe railway carriage or compartment face, root out weeds.
A kind of 6. acclimation method of wild bletilla striata seedling according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：In step（4）, the spray
Fill to handle to plant to be implanted with the ridge of the bletilla striata into greenhouse for opening spray irrigation band and spray so that soil moisture content is 50~55%, is then made
The water content of plastic shed soil is gradually reduced naturally, and when soil moisture content is 30~35%, every mu is spread fertilizer over the fields 50~70kg poultrys and divides water；
After soil moisture content is less than 25%, sprinkling irrigation processing is repeated.
A kind of 7. acclimation method of wild bletilla striata seedling according to claim 4, it is characterised in that：In step（4）, it is described to educate
Greenhouse temperature is 18~25 DEG C in seedling management, humidity is 40~60% and intensity of illumination is 800~1500lx.
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Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN108575622A (en) * | 2018-01-17 | 2018-09-28 | 刘雅文 | A kind of interplanting method of bletilla striata and chaenomeles speciosa nakai |
| CN108668790A (en) * | 2018-04-11 | 2018-10-19 | 四川金辉药业有限公司 | A kind of method of secondary domestication Radix picrorrhizae |
| CN108887133A (en) * | 2018-09-03 | 2018-11-27 | 新宁县紫花白芨种植专业合作社 | A kind of implantation methods of the bletilla striata |
| CN109169105A (en) * | 2018-10-19 | 2019-01-11 | 黔西南州鑫鸿商贸有限公司 | A kind of normalized planting method of bletilla striata good quality and high output |
Citations (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN105052492A (en) * | 2015-08-11 | 2015-11-18 | 宣威市美睿农业开发有限责任公司 | Cultivating method for wild bletilla striata variety |
| CN106305055A (en) * | 2016-08-18 | 2017-01-11 | 安徽省彩枫农林科技有限公司 | Domestication method for rhizoma bletillae seedlings |
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2017
- 2017-08-31 CN CN201710774001.5A patent/CN107439201A/en active Pending
Patent Citations (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN105052492A (en) * | 2015-08-11 | 2015-11-18 | 宣威市美睿农业开发有限责任公司 | Cultivating method for wild bletilla striata variety |
| CN106305055A (en) * | 2016-08-18 | 2017-01-11 | 安徽省彩枫农林科技有限公司 | Domestication method for rhizoma bletillae seedlings |
Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN108575622A (en) * | 2018-01-17 | 2018-09-28 | 刘雅文 | A kind of interplanting method of bletilla striata and chaenomeles speciosa nakai |
| CN108668790A (en) * | 2018-04-11 | 2018-10-19 | 四川金辉药业有限公司 | A kind of method of secondary domestication Radix picrorrhizae |
| CN108887133A (en) * | 2018-09-03 | 2018-11-27 | 新宁县紫花白芨种植专业合作社 | A kind of implantation methods of the bletilla striata |
| CN109169105A (en) * | 2018-10-19 | 2019-01-11 | 黔西南州鑫鸿商贸有限公司 | A kind of normalized planting method of bletilla striata good quality and high output |
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