CN103477870A - Artificial high yield and high quality polyporus umbellatus cultivation method - Google Patents
Artificial high yield and high quality polyporus umbellatus cultivation method Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses an artificial high yield and high quality polyporus umbellatus cultivation method. The method comprises the following steps that a slope and a flat ground, with the altitude ranging from 900m to 1200m, in a mountainous area are selected, ring-cupped oak mushroom sticks which are cultivated by high-quality oak honey mushrooms and are suitable for growing of polyporus umbellatus are selected one year before the polyporus umbellatus is planted; six mushroom sticks and healthy, strong, elastic and purely wild grey polyporus umbellatus and black polyporus umbellatus which are cultivated in advance and are free of plant diseases and insect pests are planted in each pit in November of the year or March of the next year; 20-30cm pits are dug, and the sticks are placed in a ridging mode and are planted into only one layer; when the polyporus umbellatus is planted in March in spring or early November in fall, mulching film covering is carried out. The artificial high yield and high quality polyporus umbellatus cultivation method has the advantages of reducing planting attitude of the polyporus umbellatus, improving planting environment, raising the ground temperature and prolonging growing time because mulching film covering is additionally carried out, facilitating mushroom collection in advance and satisfying aerobic polyporus umbellatus and honey mushrooms because the mushroom sticks are cultivated in advance and are planted in a one-layer mode.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of umbellate pore furgus artificial high yield superior quality cultivation technique.
Background technology
Umbellate pore furgus is Polyporaceae Polyporus plant, and the sclerotium of umbellate pore furgus has Li Shui, excreting dampness, antitumor action, belongs to rare traditional Chinese medicinal materials assortment, and market has openings is large.Its main source is wild excavating, and because wild resource is concentrated, is distributed in high and cold mountain area, grows very slow, excessively excavates in addition, and the wild umbellate pore furgus resource of China is in Critical Condition at present.The end of the nineties, the county starts the artificial cultivation method adopted, the scale of more than 3000 mu, existing 1,300,000 nest up till now, but also have technological obsolescence, cultivate of poor quality, yield poorly (nest produces the 3-4 kilogram), production cycle and grow (4-5), be subject to regional limits, the problems such as Siberian cocklebur kind degeneration.
The Shu Qinba mountain area, Lueyang County that is located in the western edge of Shaanxi Province's Hanzhong City, belong to national poverty alleviation developing focus zone in flakes, is also one of national poverty alleviation Counties.But domestic living resources are abundant, and common traditional Chinese medicine has 489 kinds of 143 sections, only the national purchase of listing just has 172 kinds; Due to the suitable temperature in Lueyang County and precipitation condition, make it become one of important umbellate pore furgus normal region, the whole nation, within 2012, " Lueyang umbellate pore furgus " obtained the national geography Taken authentication, and 2013 become " national umbellate pore furgus produces demonstration county ", for the umbellate pore furgus development provides advantageous advantages for development.
Literature search:
A kind of umbellate pore furgus artificial cultivation method application number: 200510021530
Summary: the invention discloses a kind of umbellate pore furgus artificial cultivation method, comprise the following steps: select pure wild or few for grey and black polyporus umbellatus bacterial classification improving umbellate pore furgus growing power and output, determine planting environment, cultivate Armillaria mellea and hole plants.Hole combines closely Siberian cocklebur kind ferfas silk section and halimasch while planting, in order to make umbellate pore furgus and halimasch set up as early as possible nutrition relationship.
A kind of umbellate pore furgus artificial cultivation method application number: 201310078861.7
Summary: the artificial method for planting of a kind of umbellate pore furgus, relate to the artificial cultivation method of umbellate pore furgus, comprise the following steps: (1) cultivates halimasch bacterium branch; (2) cultivation Siberian cocklebur kind; (3) plant rear management; (4) gather.The artificial method for planting that the present invention is a kind of umbellate pore furgus, adopt the Armillaria mellea of high-quality to expand numerous and bacterium branch cultural method, cultured halimasch bacterium branch is sturdy, with new tree rod, combine, can be the surviving fast and grow abundant nutrition is provided of umbellate pore furgus Siberian cocklebur kind, improve survival rate and the specific yield of Siberian cocklebur kind.
Summary of the invention
The technical problem to be solved in the present invention is to provide a kind of umbellate pore furgus artificial cultivation method that quality is high, growing power is strong, output is high of cultivating.
For solving the problems of the technologies described above, technical scheme of the present invention is: a kind of umbellate pore furgus artificial high yield High-quality Cultivation method, and it is comprised of following steps:
(1) the Po, level land, mountain area with black vegetable mould of selection of land: select 900---1200m height above sea level scope;
(2) cultivate bacterium rod and bacterium branch: in the plantation 1-3 month of the previous year, select oak class Qinggang tree rod that the diameter that is suitable for the umbellate pore furgus growth is 12cm (left and right), be cut into 80-100cm long, by 6/nest, halimasch 700-800 gram/nest preparation; Cut the fish scale mouth at the excellent 2-3 face of tree, suitably airing is standby;
Another standby diameter 2cm is above, the branch of long 3-5cm, presses 2-3 kilogram/nest and prepares;
Starting to cultivate the bacterium material by hole training method 3-5 month: first with 0.25% ammonium nitrate solution, above-mentioned tree rod and branch are soaked to 4-6 hour before cultivation, to supplement enough nitrogenous sources;
Select near the place of planting site to dig the hole of dark 40-60cm, length and width determine with the amount of cultivating the bacterium material and landform, and first at the thick Qinggang leaf of hole low paving one deck 1cm, the tree rod that airing is good spreads one deck by spacing 5cm, evenly put into ready branch and halimasch between rod, then earthing, be advisable to cover rod, with same method, cultivates altogether the 3-4 layer, finally cheat top earthing 5-8cm, water once permeablely, between rain free period, water water January one time, and the cultivation time is 1 year;
(3) planting time: select annual November in autumn, planted at the beginning of 3 months next years;
(4) implantation methods
1. seed selection: select stalwartness, without the grey Siberian cocklebur of damage by disease and insect, resilient pure wild umbellate pore furgus, black Siberian cocklebur, do kind; Every nest is prepared Siberian cocklebur kind 0.4-0.6 kilogram;
2. for the bacterium material: dig out the bacterium rod and the bacterium branch that cultivate in advance before plantation, corresponding to Siberian cocklebur kind 0.4-0.6 kilogram, the bacterium rod is by 6 preparations of every nest;
3. wholely: become the wide furrow of 50-60cm with the natural grade planning construction from top to bottom according to landform, loosen the soil by the wide furrow that dig of furrow with rotovator or other instruments before plantation, the dark 15cm of furrow;
4. put the bacterium material, fill out leaf, branch, bacterium branch: first spread the thick moist dry branches and fallen leaves of 0.8-1.2cm after the planing of the end, hole, the bacterium rod evenly is placed in hole along furrow, bacterium interrod spacing 3-5cm puts branch and bacterium branch between rod;
5. put Siberian cocklebur kind, earthing: the Siberian cocklebur kind is put along bacterium material both sides, use native infill, then earthing 5-8cm, finally add the lid layer dry branches and fallen leaves.At the beginning of March in spring, 11 months autumns after plantation, at humidity covering with plastic film in situation preferably, ground temperature removes mulch film while reaching 10 ℃;
(5), plant rear management
The one, covering with plastic film heats: plantation in March in spring, November plant covering with plastic film and not only can be incubated but also can improve ground temperature in next spring then, can adopt plastic mulching to increase ground temperature to extend growth time;
The 2nd, take precautions against drought:, need water for umbellate pore furgus in time lower than 20% the time when soil moisture, must make to cultivate soil in cave and can maintain than moisture state;
The 3rd, prevention waterlogging: although that umbellate pore furgus is liked is moistening, in the level land cultivation, should note draining in the cloudy weather for several days running sky, prevent that the umbellate pore furgus long soaking time from rotting;
The 4th, insulation, moisturizing: heavy rain later and winter-spring season should add a cover dry branches and fallen leaves, maintenance soil temperature and humidity for top, cultivation cave in time.
Good effect of the present invention is as follows:
1, select 900---the selection of Po, level land, the mountain area cultural area of 1200m, both having avoided height above sea level Yin Gaowen in too low summer to make ground temperature surpass 28 ℃ causes the umbellate pore furgus growth to be suppressed and dormancy, can make again the ground temperature of cultural area reach for a long time the temperature that suitable umbellate pore furgus grows, extended the growth time of umbellate pore furgus, thereby improved the accumulation of biomass, realized high yield.
2, educate in advance rod, relatively shortened the Process of Armillaria Mellea Infection time, can be in time and the umbellate pore furgus seed set up the nutrition supply relation, improved the umbellate pore furgus growth rate; The raising of the amount of sowing and wild few use for the Siberian cocklebur kind, delayed the degeneration of umbellate pore furgus kind, is conducive to improve output; Select the high-quality halimasch to prevent because current part halimasch causes the problem of Siberian cocklebur kind nutrition supply deficiency because degeneration causes halimasch vitality to descend.
3, aerobic according to umbellate pore furgus, like the characteristics of upwards growing, basseting, the humus soil by selecting good permeability and shallow cut hole, a stratification plantation, make the artificial planting environment more meet the umbellate pore furgus growth characteristic.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with embodiment, the present invention is described in more detail.
Embodiment 1
The two Li Jiaba villages, river mouth town (1000 meters of height above sea level) that are chosen in 2008 and the new shop of celestial platform Ba Zhen village (1100 meters of height above sea level), plant 20 mu (10000 nests):
(1) the Siberian cocklebur kind is wild and for polyporus umbellatus, do kind less with high-quality.
(2) planting environment condition: height above sea level 1000 and 1100 meters, 13.8 ℃ and 12.3 ℃ of average annual temperature, soil is for deceiving husky humus soil, pH value 6.5, water content is 40%.
(3) cultivate the bacterium material: the 1-3 month in 2007, select oak class Qinggang tree rod that the diameter that is suitable for the umbellate pore furgus growth is 12cm (left and right), be cut into 80-100cm long, by 6/nest, 1.5 bottles/nest of halimasch (700-800 gram) is prepared; Cut the fish scale mouth at the excellent 2-3 face of tree, suitably airing is standby.Another standby diameter 2cm is above, the branch of long 3-5cm, by 2.5 kilograms/nest, prepares.Starting to cultivate the bacterium material by hole training method 3-5 month: first with 0.25% ammonium nitrate solution, will set excellent and branch immersion 4-6 hour before cultivation, and to have supplemented enough nitrogenous sources, can promote the vigorous growth of halimasch silk, the bacterium material sends out that bacterium is fast, quality good.Select near the place of planting site to dig the hole of dark 50cm, length and width are determined with the amount of cultivating the bacterium material and landform, first, at the thick Qinggang leaf of hole low paving one deck 1cm, the tree rod that airing is good, by spacing 5cm paving one deck, is evenly put into ready branch and halimasch between rod, then earthing, be advisable to cover rod, then cultivate altogether three layers with same method, finally cheat top earthing 5-8cm, water once permeablely, between rain free period, water water January one time.The cultivation time is 1 year.
(4) plant: dig pit in March, 2008 on the level land of choosing, and wide is 90-100cm, dark 20cm.At the saturating clear water of hole bottom pour mold dug, until water ooze dry after, first, at the wet leaf of hole end paving one deck 1cm (compacting), then put Armillaria mellea, amount to the six roots of sensation, only plant one deck, the bacterium rod is along putting Ridged plant.Bacterium interrod spacing 3-5cm puts branch and bacterium branch between rod.The Siberian cocklebur kind is put along bacterium material both sides, use native infill, then earthing 5-8cm, finally add the lid layer dry branches and fallen leaves.Water covering with plastic film after water, ground temperature removes mulch film while reaching 10 ℃.
(5) production benefit: excavate in November, 2011, and average nest produces and reaches 6 kilograms (aquatic foods), 1,200,000 yuan of 20 mu of umbellate pore furgus economic benefits, and economic benefit is fairly obvious.
Embodiment 2
Bright umbellate pore furgus plantation farmer specialized cooperative society plantation high-quality umbellate pore furgus 3.2 ten thousand nests of attaining in the Lueyang County, Wu Longdong village, Five Dragons town that to be chosen in height above sea level in 2010 be 1050 meters:
(1) the Siberian cocklebur kind is wild and for polyporus umbellatus, do kind less with high-quality.
(2) planting environment condition: 1050 meters of height above sea level, 12.8 ℃ of average annual temperature, soil is 80% for black husky humus soil, pH value 6.3, soil average moisture content.
(3) cultivate the bacterium material: in March, 2009, select oak class Qinggang tree rod that the diameter that is suitable for the umbellate pore furgus growth is 12cm (left and right), be cut into 80-100cm long, by 6/nest, 1.5 bottles/nest of halimasch (700-800 gram) is prepared; Cut the fish scale mouth at the excellent 2-3 face of tree, suitably airing is standby.Another standby diameter 2cm is above, the branch of long 3-5cm, by 2.5 kilograms/nest, prepares.Starting to cultivate the bacterium material by hole training method 3-5 month: first with 0.25% ammonium nitrate solution, will set excellent and branch immersion 4-6 hour before cultivation, and to have supplemented enough nitrogenous sources, can promote the vigorous growth of halimasch silk, the bacterium material sends out that bacterium is fast, quality good.Select near the place of planting site to dig the hole of dark 50cm, length and width are determined with the amount of cultivating the bacterium material and landform, first, at the thick Qinggang leaf of hole low paving one deck 1cm, the tree rod that airing is good, by spacing 5cm paving one deck, is evenly put into ready branch and halimasch between rod, then earthing, be advisable to cover rod, then cultivate altogether three layers with same method, finally cheat top earthing 5-8cm, water once permeablely, between rain free period, water water January one time.The cultivation time is 1 year
(4) plant: dig pit in March, 2010 on the level land of choosing, and wide is 90-100cm, dark 20cm.At the saturating clear water of hole bottom pour mold dug, until water ooze dry after, first, at the wet leaf of hole end paving one deck 1cm (compacting), then put Armillaria mellea, amount to the six roots of sensation, only plant one deck, the bacterium rod is along putting Ridged plant.Bacterium interrod spacing 3-5cm puts branch and bacterium branch between rod.The Siberian cocklebur kind is put along bacterium material both sides, use native infill, then earthing 5-8cm, finally add the lid layer dry branches and fallen leaves.Covering with plastic film after saturating rain next time at the beginning of 4 months, ground temperature removes mulch film while reaching 10 ℃.
(5) production benefit: excavate in by the end of October, 2,012 5000 nests, gather in the crops altogether 7500 kilograms of Siberian cocklebur kinds, 3750 kilograms of the dry Siberian cockleburs of commodity, generate profit 99.1 ten thousand yuan.Terrain is deposited 2.7 ten thousand nests.
(6) in this zone umbellate pore furgus planting process, there are 50 nests to adopt the wild halimasch of high-quality, this 50 nest 3 years average nest afterwards produces and reaches 7.8 kilograms.
Claims (1)
1. a umbellate pore furgus artificial high yield High-quality Cultivation method, is characterized in that, following steps, consists of:
(1) the Po, level land, mountain area with black vegetable mould of selection of land: select 900---1200m height above sea level scope;
(2) cultivate bacterium rod and bacterium branch: in the plantation 1-3 month of the previous year, select oak class Qinggang tree rod that the diameter that is suitable for the umbellate pore furgus growth is 12cm (left and right), be cut into 80-100cm long, by 6/nest, halimasch 700-800 gram/nest preparation; Cut the fish scale mouth at the excellent 2-3 face of tree, suitably airing is standby;
Another standby diameter 2cm is above, the branch of long 3-5cm, presses 2-3 kilogram/nest and prepares;
Starting to cultivate the bacterium material by hole training method 3-5 month: first with 0.25% ammonium nitrate solution, above-mentioned tree rod and branch are soaked to 4-6 hour before cultivation, to supplement enough nitrogenous sources;
Select near the place of planting site to dig the hole of dark 40-60cm, length and width determine with the amount of cultivating the bacterium material and landform, and first at the thick Qinggang leaf of hole low paving one deck 1cm, the tree rod that airing is good spreads one deck by spacing 5cm, evenly put into ready branch and halimasch between rod, then earthing, be advisable to cover rod, with same method, cultivates altogether the 3-4 layer, finally cheat top earthing 5-8cm, water once permeablely, between rain free period, water water January one time, and the cultivation time is 1 year;
(3) planting time: select annual November in autumn, planted at the beginning of 3 months next years;
(4) implantation methods
1. seed selection: select stalwartness, without the grey Siberian cocklebur of damage by disease and insect, resilient pure wild umbellate pore furgus, black Siberian cocklebur, do kind; Every nest is prepared Siberian cocklebur kind 0.4-0.6 kilogram;
2. for the bacterium material: dig out the bacterium rod and the bacterium branch that cultivate in advance before plantation, corresponding to Siberian cocklebur kind 0.4-0.6 kilogram, the bacterium rod is by 6 preparations of every nest;
3. wholely: become the wide furrow of 50-60cm with the natural grade planning construction from top to bottom according to landform, loosen the soil by the wide furrow that dig of furrow with rotovator or other instruments before plantation, the dark 15cm of furrow;
4. put the bacterium material, fill out leaf, branch, bacterium branch: first spread the thick moist dry branches and fallen leaves of 0.8-1.2cm after the planing of the end, hole, the bacterium rod evenly is placed in hole along furrow, bacterium interrod spacing 3-5cm puts branch and bacterium branch between rod;
5. put Siberian cocklebur kind, earthing: the Siberian cocklebur kind is put along bacterium material both sides, use native infill, then earthing 5-8cm, finally add the lid layer dry branches and fallen leaves.At the beginning of March in spring, 11 months autumns after plantation, at humidity covering with plastic film in situation preferably, ground temperature removes mulch film while reaching 10 ℃;
(5), plant rear management
The one, covering with plastic film heats: plantation in March in spring, November plant covering with plastic film and not only can be incubated but also can improve ground temperature in next spring then, can adopt plastic mulching to increase ground temperature to extend growth time;
The 2nd, take precautions against drought:, need water for umbellate pore furgus in time lower than 20% the time when soil moisture, must make to cultivate soil in cave and can maintain than moisture state;
The 3rd, prevention waterlogging: although that umbellate pore furgus is liked is moistening, in the level land cultivation, should note draining in the cloudy weather for several days running sky, prevent that the umbellate pore furgus long soaking time from rotting;
The 4th, insulation, moisturizing: heavy rain later and winter-spring season should add a cover dry branches and fallen leaves, maintenance soil temperature and humidity for top, cultivation cave in time.
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Cited By (14)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN104285670A (en) * | 2014-09-23 | 2015-01-21 | 九寨沟县马家中药材种植专业合作社 | Method for cultivating polyporus umbellatus |
| CN104718984A (en) * | 2015-03-07 | 2015-06-24 | 甘肃天水岐黄药业有限责任公司 | Polyponus umbellatus Fr. cultivation method based on astragalus membranaceus fisch dregs |
| CN104718983A (en) * | 2015-03-07 | 2015-06-24 | 甘肃天水岐黄药业有限责任公司 | Strain acclimatizing method for artificial grifola cultivation |
| CN105075660A (en) * | 2015-01-29 | 2015-11-25 | 张世定 | Method of wild-growth-imitation planting of polyporus umbellatus in Pu-er mountainous area |
| CN105123192A (en) * | 2015-08-05 | 2015-12-09 | 李万能 | Ventilating draining stable-yield and yield-increasing rhizoma Gastrodiae or polyporus plantation method |
| CN105248151A (en) * | 2015-11-20 | 2016-01-20 | 四川省中药材有限责任公司 | Cultivation method for increasing yield of polyporus |
| CN104170652B (en) * | 2014-08-21 | 2016-06-01 | 两当县云屏乡裕通猪苓产销专业合作社 | A kind of utilize the method filling segment wood cultivated umbellate pore furgus |
| CN105900685A (en) * | 2016-05-05 | 2016-08-31 | 甄永福 | Grifola umbellate and pteridium aquilinum mixed planting method |
| CN105993605A (en) * | 2016-06-15 | 2016-10-12 | 谢晓亮 | High-yield cultivation technology for polyporus umbellatus |
| CN106332657A (en) * | 2016-08-30 | 2017-01-18 | 河北农业大学 | Method for improving inoculation rate of grifola umbellata seeds and halimasch |
| CN106508418A (en) * | 2015-09-10 | 2017-03-22 | 四川九寨沟新荷花生态药材有限公司 | Polyporus-umbellatus cultivation method |
| CN108575548A (en) * | 2018-01-31 | 2018-09-28 | 云南省农业科学院高山经济植物研究所 | A kind of implantation methods of NW YUNNAN umbellate pore furgus stable high yield |
| CN108739054A (en) * | 2018-06-28 | 2018-11-06 | 殷书学 | A kind of umbellate pore furgus Ecology implantation methods |
| CN110122171A (en) * | 2019-05-30 | 2019-08-16 | 董志乾 | Umbellate pore furgus fructification hayashishita high-yield planting method |
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| CN104170652B (en) * | 2014-08-21 | 2016-06-01 | 两当县云屏乡裕通猪苓产销专业合作社 | A kind of utilize the method filling segment wood cultivated umbellate pore furgus |
| CN104285670B (en) * | 2014-09-23 | 2016-08-17 | 九寨沟县马家中药材种植专业合作社 | A kind of cultural method of Polyporus |
| CN104285670A (en) * | 2014-09-23 | 2015-01-21 | 九寨沟县马家中药材种植专业合作社 | Method for cultivating polyporus umbellatus |
| CN105075660A (en) * | 2015-01-29 | 2015-11-25 | 张世定 | Method of wild-growth-imitation planting of polyporus umbellatus in Pu-er mountainous area |
| CN104718984A (en) * | 2015-03-07 | 2015-06-24 | 甘肃天水岐黄药业有限责任公司 | Polyponus umbellatus Fr. cultivation method based on astragalus membranaceus fisch dregs |
| CN104718983A (en) * | 2015-03-07 | 2015-06-24 | 甘肃天水岐黄药业有限责任公司 | Strain acclimatizing method for artificial grifola cultivation |
| CN105123192A (en) * | 2015-08-05 | 2015-12-09 | 李万能 | Ventilating draining stable-yield and yield-increasing rhizoma Gastrodiae or polyporus plantation method |
| CN106508418A (en) * | 2015-09-10 | 2017-03-22 | 四川九寨沟新荷花生态药材有限公司 | Polyporus-umbellatus cultivation method |
| CN105248151A (en) * | 2015-11-20 | 2016-01-20 | 四川省中药材有限责任公司 | Cultivation method for increasing yield of polyporus |
| CN105900685A (en) * | 2016-05-05 | 2016-08-31 | 甄永福 | Grifola umbellate and pteridium aquilinum mixed planting method |
| CN105993605A (en) * | 2016-06-15 | 2016-10-12 | 谢晓亮 | High-yield cultivation technology for polyporus umbellatus |
| CN106332657A (en) * | 2016-08-30 | 2017-01-18 | 河北农业大学 | Method for improving inoculation rate of grifola umbellata seeds and halimasch |
| CN108575548A (en) * | 2018-01-31 | 2018-09-28 | 云南省农业科学院高山经济植物研究所 | A kind of implantation methods of NW YUNNAN umbellate pore furgus stable high yield |
| CN108575548B (en) * | 2018-01-31 | 2020-08-11 | 云南省农业科学院高山经济植物研究所 | High-yield and stable-yield planting method for Yunnan northwest polyporus umbellatus |
| CN108739054A (en) * | 2018-06-28 | 2018-11-06 | 殷书学 | A kind of umbellate pore furgus Ecology implantation methods |
| CN110122171A (en) * | 2019-05-30 | 2019-08-16 | 董志乾 | Umbellate pore furgus fructification hayashishita high-yield planting method |
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