CN102845234A - Barbadosnut sapling cleft grafting method - Google Patents
Barbadosnut sapling cleft grafting method Download PDFInfo
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- CN102845234A CN102845234A CN2011102792675A CN201110279267A CN102845234A CN 102845234 A CN102845234 A CN 102845234A CN 2011102792675 A CN2011102792675 A CN 2011102792675A CN 201110279267 A CN201110279267 A CN 201110279267A CN 102845234 A CN102845234 A CN 102845234A
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Abstract
The invention discloses a barbadosnut sapling cleft grafting method, which comprises steps including field plantation, tree management and cleft grafting. Management of planting trees in field comprises the steps of sawing off stocks into 40cm sections while planting, selecting from produced buds in four directions sprouts that are full and free from plant diseases and insect pests to cultivate first-order branches 4-5 as stocks to be cleft grafted in the next spring. The survival rate of one-time cleft grafting is 96% and current-year flowering rate of current-year cleft grafting reaches 100%.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of cleft grafting technology, particularly the technology of the quick germination of Jatropha curcas treelet cleft grafting and Fast Growth.
Background technology
Jatropha curcas is evergreen or half machaka or dungarunga seeds at Plant Taxonomy genus Euphorbiaceae Jatropha.Its general high 1.5-4.0m reaches as high as 10m.Root system is very flourishing, and trunk and branch are sturdy, and the trunk diameter can reach more than the 20cm.Old dry ash brown, sprig is grayish green to peak green, and branch is smooth, and medulla is flourishing, and the dried heart is soft to hollow.Single leaf alternate, oval, length and width are closely equal, and 3-5 splits or does not divide, and base portion is heart-shaped, has the yellow green gland to put 2 points, vein 5-7 bar, palmate is arranged, and petiole reaches more than the 15cm.Flower is unisexual flower, and monoecism is arranged in the poly-loose inflorescence that internal organs is given birth to or give birth on the top; Corolla yellow green, 5 pieces of male flowers, female flower be without petal, 3 pieces of styles, ovary Room 2～3.Capsule is oval or subsphaeroidal, footpath 1.5～3.0cm, and there is point on the top.2～3 in seed, ellipse, black.Florescence, in 9～October, fruit was ripe before and after the May of dry season end.The Jatropha curcas tree originates in the torrid areas, South America, extensively cultivates in torrid areas, the world now.In Taiwan of south China, the provinces and regions such as Hainan, Fujian, Guangdong, Guangxi, Yunnan, Guizhou all have cultivation or semi-wild to distribute.The dry-hot valley that the basin height above sea level 1600～1800m such as the south in Yunnan Province, the west and south, middle part and Jinsha jiang River, the Lancang River, Nujiang, Red River, Yuanjiang River are following is by alluviation area, limes marginis field bund, the stockaded village, as seen highway and Along Railway etc. are all that row is with or little bulk is planted.Sometimes also long with mixed intergrowths such as sparse deciduous tree Panzhihua, bigleafbeautyberry root or leaf, mountain jute, Yunnan silk tree, SEMEN OROXYLI, Piao Shu.Jatropha curcas happiness light, happiness are warmed up, but can be drought-resistant, barren-resistant, and adaptive capacity is stronger.So, Yunnan Province's cultivation Jatropha curcas, should be chosen in height above sea level and be no more than the frostless of 1600m or the south subtropics of light frost is only arranged or mountain region or the location, river valley in the torrid zone.For ensureing the benefit that obtains fast-growing, high yield, high-quality, also should select soil layer deeper, liquid manure is abundant, and plants in well-drained red soil to laterite plot.But also can grow preferably at shallow chad soil, skeleton soil, Calcareous Soil.The fruit of Jatropha curcas is plentiful and substantial, and seed is large, and simultaneously natural regeneration is good.Available seed sowing or bag seedling are afforested, and also the modes such as available branch cutting or cuttage seeding are afforested.Jatropha curcas tree root system is flourishing, has happiness light habit and fast-growing characteristics, and during afforestation, seeding row spacing should be dredged not close.
Jatropha curcas bore fruit after planting usually in 3 years, entered the full bearing period in 5 years, and the picking fruit phase is more than 50 years.It is of many uses, has higher economic worth.It is the primary raw material seeds of obtaining through refining biological environmental production type clean diesel.Its kind grain oil content is very high, and the seed oil content reaches 40.0%, plants the benevolence oil content 50.2%～59.7%.Jatropha curcas oil is applicable to various diesel engines, and approach or be better than diesel oil No. 0 in key technical index such as flash-point, freezing point, sulfur content, CO emission, grain value, generally acknowledged as the world today, most possibly become following substitute fossil energy, have the huge seeds that open potentiality, be called the tree of " helping planet Earth ".In addition, it also has multiple use at aspects such as biological control, ecological, environmental protective, edible and feeding, soapmaking and agricultural, medical treatment and drug developments.But Jatropha curcas planting technology, administrative skill etc. also are in the cultivation of developing stage, particularly improved seeds and promote and all be in the exploratory stage.Therefore, proceed from the reality, the cleft grafting technology of the suitable Jatropha curcas of exploitation is promoted the Jatropha curcas excellent strain effectively, ensures that the curcas biological diesel oil industry is quick, developing in a healthy way has great real value.
Summary of the invention
One of purpose of the present invention provides the method for the cleft grafting of a kind of Jatropha curcas treelet and Fast Growth.
This and other purpose of the present invention will be further reflected and elaborated by the following detailed description and explanation.
Jatropha curcas treelet cleft grafting method of the present invention comprises management and the cleft grafting step of field planting, trees.The management of described plantation field planting and trees be comprise that method of soil preparation, time of site preparation, valued methods, nursery stock are processed, rainy season afforestation, foster manage and protect, the step composition such as treelet management; Described treelet management is management and afforestation step after the cleft grafting, and concrete is:
Stock is cultivated
Afforestation: method of soil preparation:
Strip soil preparation is mountain region, the important method of soil preparation in hills and area, grassland.The mountain and hill strip soil preparation will be carried out along contour, and its form has horizontal rank, level trough, reversed terrace etc.More than the strip soil preparation width 60cm, belt length is definite according to landform, can not be long, should keep the 0.5-1.0m natural vegetation at a certain distance.The little seeds of a tung oil tree woods afforestation and soil preparation degree of depth should be greater than 40cm, and the depth of soil preparation of physical features flat country can specifically be decided according to the nursery stock size.
Time of site preparation: whole ground can carry out the whole year, and generally large tracts of land is carried out after rainy season and rainy season.Definite value seeding row spacing 2m * 1m, the specification on the definite value pool is 40cm * 40cm * 40cm.After digging the pool and finishing, make that soil is exposed to the sun, slaking 1-3 month, increase the content of organic matter.Mix thoroughly back in the pool as base manure with total nutrient 〉=25% three element compound fertilizer 300g/ pool and soil before going back to the pool.
Valued methods: open with wholely with cave-shaped whole good planting site in, dig the cave and plant.The size in cave and the degree of depth should be greater than seedling roots, and seedling is done and wanted vertically, and root system will be unfolded, the depth is wanted suitably (in whole ground process, controlling the degree of depth of backfill soil), bankets to carry seedling after half and tread, banket again and tread, be covered with at last loosened soil (remove stone, prevent from burning).
Nursery stock is processed: according to land occupation condition and soil moisture content, nursery stock is carried out top clipping, cutting strunk, root relief, pruning, leaf-cutting, bud picking, shoot root immersion, dips in the processing such as mud before the afforestation; Also can adopt the new technologies such as rooting promoter, transpiration inhibitor and mycorhiza preparation to process nursery stock (annotating: should note the prevention of damage by disease and insect).
Rainy season afforestation: preferably in the waste mountain waste, (rainfall is plentiful, and rotten root phenomenon easily occurs can to test on a small quantity afforestation in soil, draining.The requirement degree of lignification is high especially).
Foster and manage and protect: should in time loosen the soil after the afforestation, weeding, with put a lodged plant upright, the combination such as brush carries out, accomplish except early, except little, except, on the highly dense weeds that affect sapling up-growth outside the cave, the assorted filling, in time cut off, can not be lower than every year 1 time.The area of freeze injury may occur winter, and First Year can suitably reduce the number of times that loosens the soil take weeding as main.
The treelet management: planting purpose according to the little seeds of a tung oil tree mainly is to pluck fruit, and Second Year after the afforestation should in conjunction with tending [after young plantation, be pruned young growth.Should contract from 35cm-40cm to unramified trunk and to cut, the one-level branch keeps 35, unnecessary wiping out.Reached 20-25cm at the one-level branch on the 3rd year, and carrying out pinching or reduction, and to long, the excessively prosperous branch of growing, taking controlled pruning, in order to form comparatively ideal crown.Topdress with total nutrient 〉=25% three element compound fertilizer 200g/ strain in June.
Cleft grafting method
Adopt fringe: gather in select tree tree crown middle and upper part annual lignification or semi-lignified, eye full, without damage by disease and insect Jatropha curcas branch, in time remove blade after the collection and wrap branch with newspaper for subsequent use.
Steady bar is processed method one: be badly in need of the fringe bar that cleft grafting is used, connect a fringe bar and block according to 30cm is long, rugosity identical carry out the classification binding, in order the fringe bar put into carry out in the water fresh-keeping.Method two, the identical fringe bar of rugosity is sealed with wax (paraffin with 60% and 40% red wax mix enduring, and treat that temperature drops to 40 ℃, carries out sealing wax.The good fringe bar of classification is placed on the ventilation frescade carries out loss of water, general 24 hours.When sealing wax, to pay special attention to the fringe bar and in wax, can not surpass for 2 seconds, direction must the left and right directions operation.
Stock: select the little seeds of a tung oil tree tree of leading thread 3.5cm as stock, grafting part determines according to need of production, and the stock leading thread that cultivate in general nursery highly is more than the 40cm at 3.5cm;
Saw anvil and split anvil: at the stock of choosing as cleft grafting,, then with grafting knife cleft grafting face is scabbled highly for the 15cm saw removes overhead, the direction of 1/3rd place's cleft grafting face vertical grounds is rived with the cleft grafting cutter on the stock surface, and the degree of depth is 3cm.
Cut the fringe bar: select big or small basic identical scion according to the rugosity of stock, utilize the long 6cm of scion, have 1-2 full bud to be advisable.The wedge shape bevel that is about 3cm is splayed in the both sides of scion lower end bud, one side make the slightly thick of bud, another side is slightly thin, requires to cut mouth and is smoothed to inclined to one side wedge shape.
Grafting fringe: then be large stock with large fringe bar, little stock small ear bar.Strut with a timber wedge first when connecing and split mouth, the scion webbing of cutting is inserted outside split in the mouth, be deep to little dew bevel upper end.Attention must make the formation layer alignment of scion and stock join, and then extracts timber wedge.
Binding: off-the-shelf plastic tape is the multiple good otch of watt shape bondage (must tie up real the bundle sternly, can not breathe freely, use plastic tape without the scion of terminal bud and prick tight) from the bottom up.Should notice that rainwater, foreign material enter the grafting mouth.
Manage after the cleft grafting
The extermination of disease and insect pest: seek in the daytime the cave of large cricket, push the hole grave mound aside, splash into several kerosene, then pour water; Or pour in the hole with 1000 times of liquid of 80% DDT EC, it is climbed out of or die from the hole; The 200g chlorophos crystal of every mu of usefulness 90% is watered 5kg and 1kg brown sugar, 10kg rice bran, 10kg cut broken common clearweed herb or the white leaf of lotus flower is puddled.After raking the soil level, the arable land spreads the people once; Carry out in the seedbed and to spread once; After finishing and water, seed is sprinkled into once.Spread pesticides the time: before darkness, be sprinkled in the plot.Can kill the large cricket adult of nursery interior about 95%.
Bud picking: after cleft grafting 15 days, in order to improve the survival rate of cleft grafting, the bud that grows on the stock is touched removed, continue 2 months.
Solution is tied up: after cleft grafting 30 days with blade at binding rupture of membranes place vertical ground standardized cutter gently.
Fertilising: after the cleft grafting solution is tied up, before the rainy season set in every year, trees are transformed in cleft grafting with the three element compound fertilizer of total nutrient 〉=25% and carry out the annular groove fertilising.Every strain 200g.
The advantage of the inventive method: adopt 3 years treelets of the inventive method grafting, can shorten the little seeds of a tung oil tree time limit of nourishing and growing, shift to an earlier date 2 years reproductive growths, the current-year branch of then cleft grafting is born fruit.Fruit bearing rate is 100%.
Embodiment 1:
Carry out as follows:
Afforestation:
Method of soil preparation:
Strip soil preparation is mountain region, the important method of soil preparation in hills and area, grassland.The mountain and hill strip soil preparation will be carried out along contour, and its form has horizontal rank, level trough, reversed terrace etc.More than the strip soil preparation width 60c m, belt length is definite according to landform, can not be long, should keep at a certain distance 0.6 natural vegetation.The little seeds of a tung oil tree woods afforestation and soil preparation degree of depth should be greater than 40cm, and the depth of soil preparation of physical features flat country can specifically be decided according to the nursery stock size.
Time of site preparation: whole ground can carry out the whole year, and generally large tracts of land is carried out after rainy season and rainy season.Definite value seeding row spacing 3m * 2.5m, the specification on the definite value pool is 40cm * 40cm * 40cm.After digging the pool and finishing, make that soil is exposed to the sun, slaking 1 month, increase the content of organic matter.Mix thoroughly back in the pool as base manure with total nutrient 〉=25% three element compound fertilizer 300g/ pool and soil before going back to the pool.
Valued methods: open with wholely with cave-shaped whole good planting site in, dig the cave and plant.The size in cave and the degree of depth should be greater than seedling roots, and seedling is done and wanted vertically, and root system will be unfolded, the depth is wanted suitably (in whole ground process, controlling the degree of depth of backfill soil), bankets to carry seedling after half and tread, banket again and tread, be covered with at last loosened soil (remove stone, prevent from burning).
Nursery stock is processed: according to land occupation condition and soil moisture content, nursery stock is carried out top clipping, cutting strunk, root relief, pruning, leaf-cutting, bud picking, shoot root immersion, dips in the processing such as mud before the afforestation; Also can adopt the new technologies such as rooting promoter, transpiration inhibitor and mycorhiza preparation to process nursery stock (annotating: should note the prevention of damage by disease and insect).
Rainy season afforestation: preferably in the waste mountain waste, (rainfall is plentiful, and rotten root phenomenon easily occurs can to test on a small quantity afforestation in soil, draining.The requirement degree of lignification is high especially).
Foster and manage and protect: should in time loosen the soil after the afforestation, weeding, with put a lodged plant upright, the combination such as brush carries out, accomplish except early, except little, except, on the highly dense weeds that affect sapling up-growth outside the cave, the assorted filling, in time cut off, can not be lower than every year 1 time.The area of freeze injury may occur winter, and First Year can suitably reduce the number of times that loosens the soil take weeding as main.
The treelet management: planting purpose according to the little seeds of a tung oil tree mainly is to pluck fruit, during afforestation, should in conjunction with tending [after young plantation, young growth be pruned.Should contract from 30cm to unramified trunk and to cut, the one-level branch keeps the 3-5 bar from different directions, unnecessary wiping out.In order to form comparatively ideal crown.Topdress with total nutrient 〉=25% three element compound fertilizer 200g/ strain in June.
Cleft grafting method
Adopt fringe: gather in select tree tree crown middle and upper part annual lignification or semi-lignified, eye full, without damage by disease and insect Jatropha curcas branch, in time remove blade after the collection and wrap branch with newspaper for subsequent use.
The fringe bar is processed:: the fringe bar process method one: be badly in need of the fringe bar that cleft grafting is used, connect a fringe bar and block according to 30cm is long, rugosity identical carry out the classification binding, in order trustworthy put into carry out in the water fresh-keeping.Method two, the identical fringe bar of rugosity is sealed with wax (paraffin with 60% and 40% red wax mix enduring, and treat that temperature drops to 40 ℃, carries out sealing wax.The good fringe bar of classification is placed on the ventilation frescade carries out loss of water, general 24 hours.When sealing wax, to pay special attention to the fringe bar and in wax, can not surpass for 2 seconds, direction must the left and right directions operation.
Stock: select the little seeds of a tung oil tree tree of rugosity 2cm as stock, grafting part is determined according to need of production.
Saw anvil and split anvil: at the stock of choosing as cleft grafting, overhead highly sawing out for 30cm.Then with grafting knife cleft grafting face is scabbled, the direction of 1/3rd place's cleft grafting face vertical grounds is rived with the cleft grafting cutter on the stock surface, and the degree of depth is 3cm.
Cut the fringe bar: select big or small basic identical scion according to the rugosity of stock, utilize the long 6cm of scion, have 1-2 full bud to be advisable.The wedge shape bevel that is about 3cm is splayed in the both sides of scion lower end bud, one side make the slightly thick of bud, another side is slightly thin, requires to cut mouth and is smoothed to inclined to one side wedge shape.
Grafting fringe: then be large stock with large fringe bar, little stock small ear bar.Strut with a timber wedge first when connecing and split mouth, the scion webbing of cutting is inserted outside split in the mouth, be deep to little dew bevel upper end.Attention must make the formation layer alignment that connects steady and stock join, and then extracts timber wedge.
Binding: off-the-shelf plastic tape is the multiple good otch of watt shape bondage (must tie up real the bundle sternly, can not breathe freely, use plastic tape without the scion of terminal bud and prick tight) from the bottom up.Should notice that rainwater, foreign material enter the grafting mouth.
Manage after the cleft grafting
Bud picking: after cleft grafting 15 days, in order to improve the survival rate of cleft grafting, the bud that grows on the stock is touched removed, continue 2 months.
Solution is tied up: after cleft grafting 30 days with blade at binding rupture of membranes place vertical ground standardized cutter gently.
Fertilising: after the cleft grafting solution is tied up, before the rainy season set in every year, trees are transformed in cleft grafting with the three element compound fertilizer of total nutrient 〉=25% and carry out the annular groove fertilising.Every strain 200g.
Embodiment 2
Carry out as follows:
Afforestation:
Method of soil preparation: strip soil preparation is mountain region, the important method of soil preparation in hills and area, grassland.The mountain and hill strip soil preparation will be carried out along contour, and its form has horizontal rank, level trough, reversed terrace etc.More than the strip soil preparation width 60cm, belt length is definite according to landform, can not be long, should keep 0.8 natural vegetation at a certain distance.The little seeds of a tung oil tree woods afforestation and soil preparation degree of depth should be greater than 40cm, and the depth of soil preparation of physical features flat country can specifically be decided according to the nursery stock size.
Time of site preparation: whole ground can carry out the whole year, and generally large tracts of land is carried out after rainy season and rainy season.Definite value seeding row spacing 2m * 2m, the specification on the definite value pool is 40cm * 40cm * 40cm.After digging the pool and finishing, make that soil is exposed to the sun, slaking February, increase the content of organic matter.Mix thoroughly back in the pool as base manure with total nutrient 〉=25% three element compound fertilizer 300g/ pool and soil before going back to the pool.
Valued methods: open with wholely with cave-shaped whole good planting site in, dig the cave and plant.The size in cave and the degree of depth should be greater than seedling roots, and seedling is done and wanted vertically, and root system will be unfolded, the depth is wanted suitably (in whole ground process, controlling the degree of depth of backfill soil), bankets to carry seedling after half and tread, banket again and tread, be covered with at last loosened soil (remove stone, prevent from burning).
Nursery stock is processed: according to land occupation condition and soil moisture content, nursery stock is carried out top clipping, cutting strunk, root relief, pruning, leaf-cutting, bud picking, shoot root immersion, dips in the processing such as mud before the afforestation; Also can adopt the new technologies such as rooting promoter, transpiration inhibitor and mycorhiza preparation to process nursery stock (annotating: should note the prevention of damage by disease and insect).
Rainy season afforestation: preferably in the waste mountain waste, (rainfall is plentiful, and rotten root phenomenon easily occurs can to test on a small quantity afforestation in soil, draining.The requirement degree of lignification is high especially).
Foster and manage and protect: should in time loosen the soil after the afforestation, weeding, with put a lodged plant upright, the combination such as brush carries out, accomplish except early, except little, except, on the highly dense weeds that affect sapling up-growth outside the cave, the assorted filling, in time cut off, can not be lower than every year 1 time.The area of freeze injury may occur winter, and First Year can suitably reduce the number of times that loosens the soil take weeding as main.
The treelet management: planting purpose according to the little seeds of a tung oil tree mainly is to pluck fruit, and the reply sapling is pruned during afforestation.Trunk should contract from 35cm and cut, and the one-level branch keeps 3-5 bar, unnecessary wiping out.Second Year reaches 20-25cm at the one-level branch, is carrying out pinching or reduction, and to long, the excessively prosperous branch of growing, is taking controlled pruning, in order to form comparatively ideal crown.Topdress with total nutrient 〉=25% three element compound fertilizer 200g/ strain in June.
Cleft grafting method
Adopt fringe: gather in select tree tree crown middle and upper part annual lignification or semi-lignified, eye full, without damage by disease and insect Jatropha curcas branch, in time remove blade after the collection and wrap branch with newspaper for subsequent use.
The fringe bar is processed:: the fringe bar process method one: be badly in need of the fringe bar that cleft grafting is used, connect trustworthy and block according to 30cm is long, rugosity identical carry out the classification binding, in order the fringe bar put into carry out in the water fresh-keeping.Method two, the identical fringe bar of rugosity is sealed with wax (paraffin with 60% and 40% red wax mix enduring, and treat that temperature drops to 40 ℃, carries out sealing wax.The good fringe bar of classification is placed on the ventilation frescade carries out loss of water, general 24 hours.When sealing wax, to pay special attention to the fringe bar and in wax, can not surpass for 2 seconds, direction must the left and right directions operation.
Stock: grafting part determines according to need of production, and general stock rugosity is 2.5cm.
Saw anvil and split anvil: at the stock of choosing as cleft grafting,, then with grafting knife cleft grafting face is scabbled highly for the 25m saw removes overhead, the direction of 1/3rd place's cleft grafting face vertical grounds is rived with the cleft grafting cutter on the stock surface, and the degree of depth is 3cm.
Cut the fringe bar: select big or small basic identical scion according to the rugosity of stock, utilize the long 6cm of scion, have 1-2 full bud to be advisable.The wedge shape bevel that is about 3cm is splayed in the both sides of scion lower end bud, one side make the slightly thick of bud, another side is slightly thin, requires to cut mouth and is smoothed to inclined to one side wedge shape.
Grafting fringe: then be large stock with large fringe bar, little stock small ear bar.Strut with a timber wedge first when connecing and split mouth, the scion webbing of cutting is inserted outside split in the mouth, be deep to little dew bevel upper end.Attention must make the formation layer alignment of scion and stock join, and then extracts timber wedge.
Binding: off-the-shelf plastic tape is the multiple good otch of watt shape bondage (must tie up real the bundle sternly, can not breathe freely, use plastic tape without the scion of terminal bud and prick tight) from the bottom up.Should notice that rainwater, foreign material enter the grafting mouth.
Manage after the cleft grafting
Bud picking: after cleft grafting 15 days, in order to improve the survival rate of cleft grafting, the bud that grows on the stock is touched removed, continue 2 months.
Solution is tied up: after cleft grafting 30 days with blade at binding rupture of membranes place vertical ground standardized cutter gently.
Fertilising: after the cleft grafting solution is tied up, before the rainy season set in every year, trees are transformed in cleft grafting with the three element compound fertilizer of total nutrient 〉=25% and carry out the annular groove fertilising.Every strain 200g.
Embodiment 3
Carry out as follows:
Afforestation:
Method of soil preparation: strip soil preparation is mountain region, the important method of soil preparation in hills and area, grassland.The mountain and hill strip soil preparation will be carried out along contour, and its form has horizontal rank, level trough, reversed terrace etc.More than the strip soil preparation width 60cm, belt length is definite according to landform, can not be long, should keep the 1.0m natural vegetation at a certain distance.The little seeds of a tung oil tree woods afforestation and soil preparation degree of depth should be greater than 40cm, and the depth of soil preparation of physical features flat country can specifically be decided according to the nursery stock size.
Time of site preparation: whole ground can carry out the whole year, and generally large tracts of land is carried out after rainy season and rainy season.Definite value seeding row spacing 2m * 3m, the specification on the definite value pool is 50cm * 50cm * 50cm.After digging the pool and finishing, make that soil is exposed to the sun, slaking 3 months, increase the content of organic matter.Mix thoroughly back in the pool as base manure with total nutrient 〉=25% three element compound fertilizer 300g/ pool and soil before going back to the pool.
Valued methods: open with wholely with cave-shaped whole good planting site in, dig the cave and plant.The size in cave and the degree of depth should be greater than seedling roots, and seedling is done and wanted vertically, and root system will be unfolded, the depth is wanted suitably (in whole ground process, controlling the degree of depth of backfill soil), bankets to carry seedling after half and tread, banket again and tread, be covered with at last loosened soil (remove stone, prevent from burning).
Nursery stock is processed: according to land occupation condition and soil moisture content, nursery stock is carried out top clipping, cutting strunk, root relief, pruning, leaf-cutting, bud picking, shoot root immersion, dips in the processing such as mud before the afforestation; Also can adopt the new technologies such as rooting promoter, transpiration inhibitor and mycorhiza preparation to process nursery stock (annotating: should note the prevention of damage by disease and insect).
Rainy season afforestation: preferably in the waste mountain waste, (rainfall is plentiful, and rotten root phenomenon easily occurs can to test on a small quantity afforestation in soil, draining.The requirement degree of lignification is high especially).
Foster and manage and protect: should in time loosen the soil after the afforestation, weeding, with put a lodged plant upright, the combination such as brush carries out, accomplish except early, except little, except, on the highly dense weeds that affect sapling up-growth outside the cave, the assorted filling, in time cut off, can not be lower than every year 1 time.The area of freeze injury may occur winter, and First Year can suitably reduce the number of times that loosens the soil take weeding as main.
The treelet management: planting purpose according to the little seeds of a tung oil tree mainly is to pluck fruit, and the reply nursery stock carries out cutting strunk during afforestation, highly is 40cm.The one-level branch keeps 3-5 bar, unnecessary wiping out.Second Year reaches 30 places at the one-level branch and carries out pinching or reduction, and to long, the excessively prosperous branch of growing, takes controlled pruning, in order to form comparatively ideal crown.Topdress with total nutrient 〉=25% three element compound fertilizer 200g/ strain in June.
Cleft grafting method
Adopt fringe: gather in select tree tree crown middle and upper part annual lignification or semi-lignified, eye full, without damage by disease and insect Jatropha curcas branch, in time remove blade after the collection and wrap branch with newspaper for subsequent use.
The fringe bar is processed: the fringe bar process method one: be badly in need of the fringe bar that cleft grafting is used, connect a fringe bar and block according to 30cm is long, rugosity identical carry out the classification binding, in order the fringe bar put into carry out in the water fresh-keeping.Method two, the identical fringe bar of rugosity is sealed with wax (paraffin with 60% and 40% red wax mix enduring, and treat that temperature drops to 40 ℃, carries out sealing wax.The good fringe bar of classification is placed on the ventilation frescade carries out loss of water, general 24 hours.When sealing wax, to pay special attention to the fringe bar and in wax, can not surpass for 2 seconds, direction must the left and right directions operation.
Stock: grafting part determines according to need of production, and general stock rugosity is 3cm.
Saw anvil and split anvil: at the stock of choosing as cleft grafting, overhead highly being that 30 saws remove, then with grafting knife cleft grafting face is scabbled, the direction of 1/3rd place's cleft grafting face vertical grounds is rived with the cleft grafting cutter on the stock surface, and the degree of depth is 3cm.
Cut the fringe bar: select big or small basic identical scion according to the rugosity of stock, utilize the long 6cm of scion, have 1-2 full bud to be advisable.The wedge shape bevel that is about 3cm is splayed in the both sides of scion lower end bud, one side make the slightly thick of bud, another side is slightly thin, requires to cut mouth and is smoothed to inclined to one side wedge shape.
Grafting fringe: then be large stock with large fringe bar, little stock small ear bar.Strut with a timber wedge first when connecing and split mouth, the scion webbing of cutting is inserted outside split in the mouth, be deep to little dew bevel upper end.Attention must make the formation layer alignment of scion and stock join, and then extracts timber wedge.
Binding: off-the-shelf plastic tape is the multiple good otch of watt shape bondage (must tie up real the bundle sternly, can not breathe freely, use plastic tape without the scion of terminal bud and prick tight) from the bottom up.Should notice that rainwater, foreign material enter the grafting mouth.
Manage after the cleft grafting
Bud picking: after cleft grafting 15 days, in order to improve the survival rate of cleft grafting, the bud that grows on the stock is touched removed, continue 2 months.
Solution is tied up: after cleft grafting 30 days with blade at binding rupture of membranes place vertical ground standardized cutter gently.
Fertilising: after the cleft grafting solution is tied up, before the rainy season set in every year, trees are transformed in cleft grafting with the three element compound fertilizer of total nutrient 〉=25% and carry out the annular groove fertilising.Every strain 200g.
Claims (8)
1. Jatropha curcas treelet cleft grafting method, it is characterized in that being formed by management and the cleft grafting step of field planting, trees, process, saw anvil and split anvil, cut the fringe bar by fringe bar, fringe bar by adopting for wherein said cleft grafting step, grafting fringe and binding step form, described adopt the fringe bar be gather in select tree tree crown middle and upper part annual lignification or semi-lignified, eye full, without damage by disease and insect Jatropha curcas branch, in time remove blade after the collection and wrap branch with newspaper for subsequent use; Described fringe bar process be to the fringe bar adopted back by the fringe bar of being badly in need of cleft grafting and using, connect a fringe bar and block according to 30cm is long, the carry out classification identical rugosity bundlees, in order the fringe bar put into carry out in the water fresh-keeping; The stock of described cleft grafting is to select the little seeds of a tung oil tree tree of leading thread 2cm to 5cm as stock, and grafting part determines according to need of production, and the stock leading thread that cultivate in general nursery highly is 15cm and 20cm at 2cm to 5cm; Low production forest improvement, first to the large tree that will transform overhead the 30cm saw remove, carry out stereotype hold up the children, after young sprout sends, have purpose to cultivate, cultivate the 4-5 one-levels according to four every strains in orientation and divide lopwood to wipe out as other unnecessary branch of cleft grafting stock.
2. Jatropha curcas treelet cleft grafting method according to claim 1, it is characterized in that it is that the identical fringe bar of rugosity is sealed with wax that described fringe bar is processed, mix enduring with the paraffin of 60 quality % and the red wax of 40 quality %, treat that temperature drops to 40-50 ℃, carry out sealing wax, the good fringe bar of classification is placed on the ventilation frescade carries out loss of water, general 24 hours, when sealing wax, to pay special attention to the fringe bar and in wax, can not surpass for 2 seconds, direction must the left and right directions operation.
3. Jatropha curcas treelet cleft grafting method according to claim 1, it is characterized in that described saw anvil and splitting anvil is at the stock of choosing as cleft grafting, overhead highly be that 15cm and 35cm place saw removes, then with grafting knife cleft grafting face is scabbled, the direction of 1/3rd place's cleft grafting face vertical grounds is rived with the cleft grafting cutter on the stock surface, and the degree of depth is 2.5cm to 4cm.
4. Jatropha curcas treelet cleft grafting method according to claim 1, it is characterized in that the described fringe bar of cutting is to select big or small basic identical scion according to the rugosity of stock, utilize the long 6-10cm of scion, there be 1-2 full bud to be advisable, the both sides of scion lower end bud are splayed into the wedge shape bevel that is about 3cm, make one side of bud slightly thick, another side is slightly thin, requires to cut mouth and is smoothed to inclined to one side wedge shape.
5. Jatropha curcas treelet cleft grafting method according to claim 1 is characterized in that described grafting fringe principle is large stock with large fringe bar, little stock small ear bar; Strut with a timber wedge first when connecing and split mouth, the scion webbing of cutting is inserted outside split in the mouth, be deep to little dew bevel upper end, the formation layer alignment of scion and stock joined, then extract timber wedge.
6. Jatropha curcas treelet cleft grafting method according to claim 1, it is characterized in that described binding is with the off-the-shelf plastic tape multiple good otch of watt shape bondage from the bottom up, must tie up real the bundle sternly, can not breathe freely, use plastic tape without the scion of terminal bud and prick sternly, should notice that rainwater, foreign material enter the grafting mouth.
7. Jatropha curcas treelet cleft grafting method according to claim 1, it is characterized in that after the described cleft grafting that management process comprises bud picking, the solution step of tying up, apply fertilizer, described bud picking is after cleft grafting 7 days, in order to improve the survival rate of cleft grafting, the bud that grows on the stock touched remove, continue 1 month; Described solution tie up be after cleft grafting 30 days with blade at binding rupture of membranes place vertical ground standardized cutter gently; Described fertilising is before the rainy season set in every year trees to be transformed in cleft grafting with the three element compound fertilizer of total nutrient 〉=25% to carry out annular groove fertilising, every strain 200g after the cleft grafting solution is tied up.
8. Jatropha curcas treelet cleft grafting method according to claim 1 is characterized in that described field planting step forms by afforesting in method of soil preparation, time of site preparation, valued methods, nursery stock processing, rainy season, fostering to manage and protect with the treelet management process; Wherein said treelet management is comprised of steps such as the rear tending management of afforestation and treelet management; Described be mountain region, the important method of soil preparation in hills and area, grassland wholely, the mountain and hill strip soil preparation will be carried out along contour, its form has horizontal rank, level trough, reversed terrace, more than the strip soil preparation width 60cm, belt length is determined according to landform, can not be long, should keep the 0.5-1.0m natural vegetation at a certain distance; The little seeds of a tung oil tree woods afforestation and soil preparation degree of depth should be greater than 40cm, and the depth of soil preparation of physical features flat country can specifically be decided according to the nursery stock size; Described time of site preparation: whole ground can carry out the whole year, and generally large tracts of land is carried out after rainy season and rainy season; Definite value seeding row spacing 2m * 1m, the specification on the definite value pool is 40cm * 40cm * 40cm; After digging the pool and finishing, make that soil is exposed to the sun, slaking 1-3 month, increase the content of organic matter, mix thoroughly back in the pool as base manure with total nutrient 〉=25% three element compound fertilizer 300g/ pool and soil before going back to the pool; Described valued methods for open with wholely with cave-shaped whole good planting site in, digging the cave plants, the size in cave and the degree of depth should be greater than seedling roots, and seedling is done and wanted vertically, and root system will be unfolded, the depth is wanted suitably, banket and carry seedling after half and tread, banket again and tread, be covered with at last loosened soil, remove stone, prevent from burning; Described nursery stock is treated to before the afforestation according to land occupation condition and soil moisture content, and nursery stock is carried out top clipping, cutting strunk, root relief, pruning, leaf-cutting, bud picking, shoot root immersion, dips in the processing such as mud; Also can adopt the new technologies such as rooting promoter, transpiration inhibitor and mycorhiza preparation to process nursery stock; Described rainy season afforestation: preferably in the waste mountain waste, can test on a small quantity afforestation in soil, draining; Described foster manage and protect for should in time loosen the soil after the afforestation, weeding, with put a lodged plant upright, combination such as brush carry out, accomplish except early, except little, except, on the highly dense weeds that affect sapling up-growth outside the cave, assorted filling, in time cut off, can not be lower than every year 1 time.The area of freeze injury may occur winter, and First Year can suitably reduce the number of times that loosens the soil take weeding as main; Described treelet management is for mainly being to pluck fruit according to little seeds of a tung oil tree plantation purpose, and Second Year after the afforestation should in conjunction with tending [after young plantation, be pruned young growth; Should contract from 35cm-40cm to unramified trunk and to cut, the one-level branch keeps the 4-5 bar, and unnecessary wiping out topdressed with total nutrient 〉=25% three element compound fertilizer 200g/ strain in June.
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| CN105145127A (en) * | 2015-09-09 | 2015-12-16 | 中国林业科学研究院资源昆虫研究所 | Jatropha curcas quick grafting method |
| CN106818364A (en) * | 2017-01-04 | 2017-06-13 | 广西都安李义林农科技发展有限公司 | A kind of implantation methods for improving diesel oil tree survival rate |
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| CN102845234B (en) | 2014-04-16 |
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