CN102630452A - Imitative wild asexual propagation cultivation method of rhizoma gastrodiae - Google Patents
Imitative wild asexual propagation cultivation method of rhizoma gastrodiae Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses an imitative wild asexual propagation cultivation method of rhizoma gastrodiae. The method comprises the steps of preparing fallen leaves and wood sections, culturing bacterial branches of halimasch, preparing seeds, selecting land, performing land preparation, sowing, performing field management and collecting. According to the cultivation method disclosed by the invention, forest resources can be fully utilized to develop the under-forest industry and harvest under-forest non-timber products, and the damages to forest vegetation can be reduced; and simultaneously, according to the method disclosed by the invention, a growth environment which is the same with that of the wild rhizoma gastrodiae is adopted, thus the geo-herbalism of the cultivated rhizoma gastrodiae products can be ensured, the excavation of the wild rhizoma gastrodiae is reduced, and the wild rhizoma gastrodiae resources are effectively protected.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to field of plant growing technology, relate to plant asexual multiplication technology, be specifically related to the vegetative propagation cultivation method of a kind of medicine food dual purpose plant rhizoma Gastrodiae under imitative wild condition.
Background technology
Rhizoma Gastrodiae (Gastrodia elata B1.) is under the jurisdiction of the medicine food dual purpose plant of the blue subfamily Gastrodia of the orchid family rhizoma Gastrodiae subgenus, and its unrooted does not have leaf, and the main halimasch mycelia that relies in its body of decomposition intrusion is kept growth.Mainly be distributed in provinces such as Jilin, Liaoning, Hebei, Shaanxi, Henan, Hunan, Hubei, Sichuan, Guizhou, Yunnan and Tibet at China's rhizoma Gastrodiae, external Korea, the area, Siberia, Japan, also there is distribution countries such as India and Sillim.Mainly contain materials such as Gastrodin (gastrodin), Pai Lixin (parishin), rhizoma Gastrodiae ether glucoside (rhizoma gastrodiae alkali gastrodioside), gastrodin unit, succinic acid, L-pyroglutamic acid, citric acid, citric acid mono-methyl, the two methyl esters of citric acid, retinoid material, sucrose and palmitic acid in the rhizoma Gastrodiae; Be commonly used and famousr and precious Chinese medicine; The history that it was used as medicine existing two over thousands of years; Cure mainly diseases such as lumbago, skelalgia of rheumatism, facial paralysis, four limbs spasm, extremity numbness, dizziness and headache, infantile convulsion, coronary heart disease; Be the important source material of China's pharmaceuticals industry, day sinks is as high-altitude flight personnel's brain health medicine simultaneously.
Because of many uses, the demand of rhizoma Gastrodiae is big and have no side effect, very popular, rely on for many years always and excavate Wild gastrodia hyoscine or edible, natural resources is seriously damaged.From the end of the fifties in last century to the sixties, since provinces such as China Hubei, Sichuan, Guizhou, Yunnan, Guangxi have carried out the research work that the wild change man of rhizoma Gastrodiae plants in succession, realized the artificial cultivation of rhizoma Gastrodiae.To chemical composition and pharmacological research report was arranged all from wild domestication, vegetative propagation, sexual propagation, the cultured in vitro of Wild gastrodia.The artificial cultivation of rhizoma Gastrodiae farmland out of question, fertilizer and labour, and small investment, instant effect, remarkable in economical benefits are particularly suitable for promoting in the mountain area development.Yet existing rhizoma Gastrodiae artificial cultivation method causes a large amount of forest covers to be cut down, heavy damage ecotope.For this reason, under the prerequisite that guarantees better ecotope, it is imperative to explore the tame new technology of rhizoma Gastrodiae.
Summary of the invention
The objective of the invention is to the deficiency to prior art, a kind of effective conservation of nature ecotope, gastrodia tuber imitative wild vegetative propagation cultivation method simple to operate are provided.
The object of the invention is achieved through following technical scheme.
* except as otherwise noted, the percentage that the present invention adopted is mass percent.
A kind of gastrodia tuber imitative wild vegetative propagation cultivation method may further comprise the steps:
1, fallen leaves and section wood are prepared: collect the fallen leaves and the branch of Fagaceae seeds of deciduous species, the diameter of branch is 1.0-2.5cm, and its saw is grown into the Duan Mu of 5-8cm, before cultivation, soaks respectively with clear water in 7-10 days and falls leaves and Duan Mu fully absorbs water it, and is subsequent use;
2, halimasch bacterium branch is cultivated: digging out the cultivation hole the annual 9-10 month, spreading one deck fallen leaves in bottom, cultivation hole, the interval that tiles then is wooden; On Duan Mu, sow one deck halimasch three-class strain equably, the interval wood that tiles again, cover sand loam; The thickness of sandy loam with just between the section of covering completely wood and Duan Mu the space be as the criterion; With identical method tiling 6-8 interval wood and halimasch three-class strain, each layer all needs the cover sand loam, the last sandy loam that on top layer Duan Mu, covers a bed thickness 15-20cm again; Cover one deck trees litter again with heat and moisture preserving, cultivate subsequent use after 40-60 days; The hole in said cultivation hole is wide to be 40-60cm, dark 30-50cm, long 1-2m;
3, seed is prepared: the hemp of choosing not damaged, no damage by disease and insect is a seed, with adopting with broadcasting, or seed is kept in the moistening sandy loam, and the holding time is no more than 15 days, and is subsequent use; Wherein the weight of each hemp is 10-13g;
4, choosing ground, whole ground: selecting the gradient is 20 °-30 °, the broad leaved forest forest land of sandy loam soil property; Before cultivation, chose the live tree of base footpath in 7-10 days greater than 8cm; Dig the cultivation hole in usage tree root alive one side that is positioned at slope side; After the cultivation hole was dug, every interval 4-6cm cut out the fish scale mouth one on the tree root that exposes out, and the undercut degree of depth is just to cut xylem degree of being; Wherein, cultivation hole size is that the center of circle, radius are the fan-shaped hole of 30-60cm with the usage tree root of living, and fan-shaped radian is the 1/4-1/3 of the tree circumference of living, and the degree of depth is 3-6cm;
Also can choose the withered stub of base footpath greater than 8cm, around withered stub, dig the cultivation hole, after the cultivation hole was dug, every interval 4-6cm cut out the fish scale mouth one on the tree root that exposes out, and the undercut degree of depth is just to cut xylem degree of being; Wherein the size in cultivation hole is the center of circle with withered stub, and radius is the annular hole of 30-60cm, and the degree of depth is 3-6cm;
5, sowing: annual March December to next year; The fallen leaves that in cultivation hole bottom tiling one deck step 1, obtain; The halimasch bacterium branch interval 3-5cm tiling one deck that obtains in Duan Mu that obtains in the step 1 and the step 2 on mulch cover mulch-covering, is put the hemp seed in the step 3 in the gap of Duan Muyu halimasch bacterium branch then equably, connected fish scale undercut and halimasch bacterium branch on the tree root with step 1 gained section wood again; Simultaneously with the fish scale undercut on the halimasch bacterium branch filling tree root; With sandy loam whole cultivation hole is tamped then, sandy loam thickness exceeds surface, hillside fields 15-20cm, is covered in the sandy loam top layer with dry branches and fallen leaves at last;
6, field management: carry out 1-3 field examination at the rhizoma Gastrodiae growing period, and water 1-3 time, keep soil moist;
7, gather: cultivate and to gather after 1 year.
Compared with prior art, the present invention has following beneficial effect:
1, cultivation method of the present invention can make full use of the local favourable forest resources, development sylvan life industry, and the results non-forest product of sylvan life (NTFP) reduces forest vegetation damage, shows tangible ecological benefits and economic benefit.
2, fundamentally reduce the excavating of Wild gastrodia, effectively protect the rhizoma Gastrodiae wild resource, this technology is based on open-air sylvan life cultivation simultaneously, has the growing environment the same with Wild gastrodia, has guaranteed " genuineness " of day ramie product.
3, cultivation method of the present invention is simple to operate, with low cost, and the rhizoma Gastrodiae survival rate is high, output is desirable, quality good.
Embodiment
Through specific embodiment given below; Can do further detailed description to the present invention; But should be appreciated that embodiment is merely explanation of the present invention, and limit the invention never in any form; Various changes or modification that those skilled in the art do according to spirit of the present invention fall within protection scope of the present invention equally.
Embodiment 1
Collect the fallen leaves and the branch of Fagaceae seeds of deciduous species, the diameter of branch is 1.0-2.5cm, and its saw is grown into the Duan Mu of 5-8cm, before cultivation, soaks respectively with clear water in 7-10 days and falls leaves and Duan Mu fully absorbs water it, and is subsequent use;
Dig out wide 40-60cm in the annual 9-10 month, dark 30-50cm, the cultivation hole of long 1-2m; Cultivating shop, bottom, hole one deck fallen leaves; The interval that tiles then is wooden, on Duan Mu, sows one deck halimasch three-class strain equably, and interval wood again tiles; The cover sand loam, the thickness of sandy loam is as the criterion with the space between the section of covering completely wood and Duan Mu just; With identical method tiling 6-8 interval wood and halimasch three-class strain, each layer all needs the cover sand loam again, and the last sandy loam that on top layer Duan Mu, covers a bed thickness 15-20cm covers one deck trees litter again with heat and moisture preserving, cultivates subsequent use after 40-60 days;
The hemp of choosing not damaged, no damage by disease and insect is a seed, and the weight of each hemp is 10-13g, with adopting with broadcasting, or seed is kept in the moistening sandy loam, and the holding time is no more than 15 days, and is subsequent use;
Selecting the gradient in November is 20 °-30 °, the broad leaved forest forest land of sandy loam soil property; Before cultivation, chose the live tree of base footpath in 7-10 days greater than 8cm; Dig the cultivation hole in usage tree root alive one side that is positioned at slope side; After the cultivation hole was dug, every interval 4-6cm cut out the fish scale mouth one on the tree root that exposes out, and the undercut degree of depth is just to cut xylem degree of being; Wherein, cultivation hole size is that the center of circle, radius are the fan-shaped hole of 30-60cm with the usage tree root of living, and fan-shaped radian is the 1/4-1/3 of the tree circumference of living, and the degree of depth is 3-6cm;
Annual March December to next year; Preferred annual December; The fallen leaves that in cultivation hole bottom tiling one deck step 1, obtain on mulch cover mulch-covering, are put the hemp seed in the step 3 the halimasch bacterium branch interval 3-5cm tiling one deck that obtains in Duan Mu that obtains in the step 1 and the step 2 in the gap of Duan Muyu halimasch bacterium branch then equably; Connect fish scale undercut and halimasch bacterium branch on the tree root with step 1 gained section wood again; With the fish scale undercut on the halimasch bacterium branch filling tree root, with sandy loam whole cultivation hole is tamped then simultaneously, sandy loam thickness exceeds surface, hillside fields 15-20cm; Be covered in the sandy loam top layer with dry branches and fallen leaves at last, to prevent rain drop erosion, freeze injury and arid.
Carry out 1-3 field examination at the rhizoma Gastrodiae growing period, and water 1-3 time, keep soil moist, cultivate and can gather after 1 year, every hole output reaches the 0.5-2.3 kilogram.
Embodiment 2
Collect the fallen leaves and the branch of Fagaceae seeds of deciduous species, the diameter of branch is 1.0-2.5cm, and its saw is grown into the Duan Mu of 5-8cm, before cultivation, soaks respectively with clear water in 7-10 days and falls leaves and Duan Mu fully absorbs water it, and is subsequent use;
Dig out wide 40-60cm in the annual 9-10 month, dark 30-50cm, the cultivation hole of long 1-2m; Cultivating shop, bottom, hole one deck fallen leaves; The interval that tiles then is wooden, on Duan Mu, sows one deck halimasch three-class strain equably, and interval wood again tiles; The cover sand loam, the thickness of sandy loam is as the criterion with the space between the section of covering completely wood and Duan Mu just; With identical method tiling 6-8 interval wood and halimasch three-class strain, each layer all needs the cover sand loam again, and the last sandy loam that on top layer Duan Mu, covers a bed thickness 15-20cm covers one deck trees litter again with heat and moisture preserving, cultivates subsequent use after 40-60 days;
The hemp of choosing not damaged, no damage by disease and insect is a seed, and the weight of each hemp is 10-13g, with adopting with broadcasting, or seed is kept in the moistening sandy loam, and the holding time is no more than 15 days, and is subsequent use;
Selecting the gradient in November is 20 °-30 °, the broad leaved forest forest land of sandy loam soil property; Before cultivation, chose the withered stub of base footpath in 7-10 days greater than 8cm; Around withered stub, dig the cultivation hole; After the cultivation hole was dug, every interval 4-6cm cut out the fish scale mouth one on the tree root that exposes out, and the undercut degree of depth is just to cut xylem degree of being; Wherein the cultivation hole is for being the center of circle with withered stub, and radius is the annular hole of 30-60cm, and the degree of depth is 3-6cm;
Annual March December to next year; Preferred annual December; The fallen leaves that in cultivation hole bottom tiling one deck step 1, obtain on mulch cover mulch-covering, are put the hemp seed in the step 3 the halimasch bacterium branch interval 3-5cm tiling one deck that obtains in Duan Mu that obtains in the step 1 and the step 2 in the gap of Duan Muyu halimasch bacterium branch then equably; Connect fish scale undercut and halimasch bacterium branch on the tree root with step 1 gained section wood again; With the fish scale undercut on the halimasch bacterium branch filling tree root, with sandy loam whole cultivation hole is tamped then simultaneously, sandy loam thickness exceeds surface, hillside fields 15-20cm; Be covered in the sandy loam top layer with dry branches and fallen leaves at last, to prevent rain drop erosion, freeze injury and arid.
Carry out 1-3 field examination at the rhizoma Gastrodiae growing period, and water 1-3 time, keep soil moist, cultivate and can gather after 1 year, every hole output reaches the 0.5-2.3 kilogram.
Claims (5)
1. gastrodia tuber imitative wild vegetative propagation cultivation method is characterized in that: may further comprise the steps:
(1) fallen leaves are prepared with section wood: collect the fallen leaves and the branch of Fagaceae seeds of deciduous species, the diameter of branch is 1.0-2.5cm, and its saw is grown into the Duan Mu of 5-8cm, before cultivation, soaks respectively with clear water in 7-10 days and falls leaves and Duan Mu fully absorbs water it, and is subsequent use;
(2) halimasch bacterium branch is cultivated: digging out the cultivation hole the annual 9-10 month, spreading one deck fallen leaves in bottom, cultivation hole, the interval that tiles then is wooden; On Duan Mu, sow one deck halimasch three-class strain equably, the interval wood that tiles again, cover sand loam; The thickness of sandy loam with just between the section of covering completely wood and Duan Mu the space be as the criterion; With identical method tiling 6-8 interval wood and halimasch three-class strain, each layer all needs the cover sand loam, the last sandy loam that on top layer Duan Mu, covers a bed thickness 15-20cm again; Cover one deck trees litter again with heat and moisture preserving, cultivate subsequent use after 40-60 days;
(3) seed is prepared: the hemp of choosing not damaged, no damage by disease and insect is a seed, with adopting with broadcasting, or seed is kept in the moistening sandy loam, and the holding time is no more than 15 days, and is subsequent use;
(4) choosing ground, whole ground: selecting the gradient is 20 °-30 °, the broad leaved forest forest land of sandy loam soil property; Before cultivation, chose live tree or the withered stub of base footpath in 7-10 days greater than 8cm; Dig the cultivation hole at its root; After the cultivation hole was dug, every interval 4-6cm cut out the fish scale mouth one on the tree root that exposes out, and the undercut degree of depth is just to cut xylem degree of being;
(5) sowing: annual March December to next year; The fallen leaves that in cultivation hole bottom tiling one deck step (1), obtain; The halimasch bacterium branch interval 3-5cm tiling one deck that obtains in Duan Mu that obtains in the step (1) and the step (2) on mulch cover mulch-covering, is put the hemp seed in the step (3) in Duan Mu in the gap of halimasch bacterium branch then equably, used step (1) gained section wood to connect fish scale undercut and halimasch bacterium branch on the tree root again; Simultaneously with the fish scale undercut on the halimasch bacterium branch filling tree root; With sandy loam whole cultivation hole is tamped then, sandy loam thickness exceeds surface, hillside fields 15-20cm, is covered in the sandy loam top layer with dry branches and fallen leaves at last;
(6) field management: carry out 1-3 field examination at the rhizoma Gastrodiae growing period, and water 1-3 time, keep soil moist;
(7) gather: cultivate and to gather after 1 year.
2. gastrodia tuber imitative wild vegetative propagation cultivation method according to claim 1 is characterized in that: cultivate the wide 40-60cm of being in hole in hole in the said step (2), dark 30-50cm, long 1-2m.
3. gastrodia tuber imitative wild vegetative propagation cultivation method according to claim 1 is characterized in that: the weight of each hemp is 10-13g in the said step (3).
4. gastrodia tuber imitative wild vegetative propagation cultivation method according to claim 1; It is characterized in that: in the said step (4); Dig the cultivation hole in usage tree root alive one side that is positioned at slope side; Cultivation hole size is for being that the center of circle, radius are the fan-shaped hole of 30-60cm with the usage tree root of living, and fan-shaped radian is the 1/4-1/3 of the tree circumference of living, and the degree of depth is 3-6cm.
5. gastrodia tuber imitative wild vegetative propagation cultivation method according to claim 1 is characterized in that: in the said step (4), around withered stub, dig the cultivation hole, cultivation hole size is for being the center of circle with withered stub, and radius is the annular hole of 30-60cm, and the degree of depth is 3-6cm.
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| CN104115634A (en) * | 2013-04-24 | 2014-10-29 | 谭德寅 | Novel gastrodia elata planting and cultivating method |
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| CN109496742A (en) * | 2018-11-26 | 2019-03-22 | 竹山县神康车湾中药材种植专业合作社 | Ecology open country gastrodin cultivation method |
| CN110810190A (en) * | 2019-11-01 | 2020-02-21 | 汉中市汉台区汉麓生物科技有限公司 | Method for cultivating gastrodia elata by using under-forest bionic fungus bed |
| CN111849783A (en) * | 2020-03-30 | 2020-10-30 | 中国中医科学院中药研究所 | Armillaria mellea for high-resistance cultivation and application thereof |
| CN111849783B (en) * | 2020-03-30 | 2022-02-11 | 中国中医科学院中药研究所 | Armillaria mellea for high-resistance cultivation and application thereof |
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