CN110810190A

CN110810190A - Method for cultivating gastrodia elata by using under-forest bionic fungus bed

Info

Publication number: CN110810190A
Application number: CN201911110818.8A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 谢海彬; 赵赟鑫; 叶彦慧; 解修超; 彭浩; 张晓程; 李庆勇
Original assignee: Hantai Hanzhoung Han Lu Biological Science And Technology Co Ltd
Current assignee: Hantai Hanzhoung Han Lu Biological Science And Technology Co Ltd
Priority date: 2019-11-01
Filing date: 2019-11-01
Publication date: 2020-02-21

Abstract

The invention discloses a method for cultivating gastrodia elata by utilizing an under-forest bionic fungus bed, which is an innovative research method for cultivating gastrodia elata by utilizing the under-forest bionic fungus bed and aims at solving the problems of low seed germination rate, serious infectious microbe pollution, large forest resource consumption and the like of the existing gastrodia elata planting mode, and comprises the steps of seed dressing, nutrient bag cultivation of zero generation seeds, zero generation seed harvesting, fungus bed making, cultivation and gastrodia elata harvesting; the zero generation seeds are cultivated by the nutrition bag, namely, the mixed symbiotic germination bacterial leaves, three-level seeds of armillaria mellea and small branches are put into a plastic bag in a layered mode, humus soil and 10% plant ash are added and uniformly stirred, gaps are filled, and the plastic bag is placed on an indoor cultivation frame to grow; the fungus bed is prepared by digging 50cm × 60cm pits at the root part 2m away from the trunk along the direction of the lateral roots, and uniformly placing the tree sticks among the lateral roots. The method has the advantages of strong practicability and convenient planting, and can achieve the effects of shortening the cultivation time of the white ramie, reducing the influence of weather on the germination rate of the gastrodia elata seeds, avoiding cavities, saving bacteria and reducing the cost.

Description

Method for cultivating gastrodia elata by using under-forest bionic fungus bed

Technical Field

The invention belongs to the technical field of gastrodia elata production, and particularly relates to a method for cultivating gastrodia elata by utilizing an under-forest bionic fungus bed.

Background

Gastrodia elata is a saprophytic herbaceous plant of Gastrodia of Orchidaceae, and is pleased with cool and humid environment, and the growth of Gastrodia elata and Armillaria mellea can be inhibited in summer due to overhigh temperature in low altitude areas, and the growth of Gastrodia elata is also affected due to overlow temperature in high altitude areas. The artificial cultivation of the gastrodia elata enables cultivation places to be generally distributed in the whole country, and the gastrodia elata and the armillaria mellea can be successfully cultivated in plain, basin and even hot southern areas by regulating the high temperature in summer and the low temperature in winter and controlling the humidity according to the growth conditions required by the growth of the gastrodia elata and the armillaria mellea.

The armillaria mellea can carry out parasitic life, mainly saprophytic life and also have the function of both nutrient and parasitic life. Due to the characteristics of saprophytic life, the trees, dead trees and branches in the forest can grow. The armillaria mellea can decompose lignin and cellulose and convert the lignin and the cellulose into humus, so that the fertility of forest soil is increased, and the breeding of certain forest pests is blocked. Armillaria mellea is reported to grow on over 600 trees in the cold and temperate zones. Sunlifu et al found that Armillaria mellea existed in over 10 species of trees by investigation of coniferous and broadleaf forests in Heilongjiang. The armillaria mellea can be parasitized on live trees, but the armillaria mellea can only invade from the cut of a fresh log and does not influence well-grown and intact trees.

In the traditional cultivation process of commercial rhizoma gastrodiae, a mode of 'fungus sticks and new sticks' is commonly used for providing nutrition for growth of white sesame, cut-down cut logs are needed as fungus materials, consumption of forest resources is high, and sustainable development of rhizoma gastrodiae planting is influenced; competitive mixed bacteria are easy to occur, the degradation of armillaria mellea is accelerated, and once mixed bacteria pollution occurs, the mixed bacteria can be rapidly spread in the whole cultivation hole, so that the yield of the gastrodia elata is reduced or the gastrodia elata is completely harvested, and empty nests are caused, and the enthusiasm of farmers for planting the gastrodia elata is seriously influenced.

At present, the planting mode of the gastrodia elata vegetative propagation mainly comprises two types, one type adopts the mixed seed fungus leaves, the armillaria mellea fungus branches and the fresh cut-log to plant together, the method has the advantages that the manpower is saved during one-time planting, the seed germination and the growth of the armillaria mellea are carried out simultaneously, but two problems exist: firstly, the seed germination conditions are not controlled, and if the weather is too dry, the germination rate is very low; secondly, if the seeds germinate and the armillaria mellea does not grow well, the protocorm can be lack of nutrition and die if the seeds are not inoculated with the armillaria mellea. The two problems are also the main reasons for the easy occurrence of cavities in sexual planting.

The other method is to cultivate Armillaria mellea strains and plant the Armillaria mellea strains together with the strain leaves of the seeds, and the method has the advantages that the Armillaria mellea with good growth is guaranteed, sufficient nutrition is provided for the growth of protocorms in the later period, but two problems still exist: firstly, according to experiments such as Xujintang, the leaching liquor of Armillaria mellea has an inhibiting effect on the germination of the gastrodia elata seeds, the Armillaria mellea has an inhibiting effect on the gastrodia elata seeds, and the germination rate of the seeds can be reduced by planting the cultivated Armillaria mellea and the leaves mixed with the seeds together; secondly, the planted seeds need a period of time to germinate, and the honey fungus is in a waste growth and wood consumption period, so that the utilization time of the wood is shortened.

The success of sexual planting of gastrodia elata only lies in that the armillaria mellea is successfully inoculated to the protocorm, so that the need for the armillaria mellea with high seed germination rate and good growth vigor is high, and the contact probability of the armillaria mellea and the armillaria mellea is improved.

Disclosure of Invention

In order to solve the technical problems, the invention discloses a method for cultivating gastrodia elata by utilizing an under-forest bionic fungus bed.

In order to realize the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:

a method for cultivating rhizoma Gastrodiae by using under-forest bionic fungus bed comprises (1) dressing seed, (2) cultivating zero generation seed in nutrition bag, (3) collecting zero generation seed, (4) preparing fungus bed, (5) cultivating, and (6) collecting rhizoma Gastrodiae;

seed dressing in the step (1): tearing the symbiotic germination bacteria strain of the gastrodia elata seeds into single fungus leaves, and uniformly scattering the gastrodia elata seeds on the germination fungus leaves;

the step (2) of cultivating zero generation seeds by the nutrition package: the mixed symbiotic germination bacterial leaves and three-level species of armillaria mellea and small branches with the length of 3-5 cm are put into plastic bags in a layered mode, humus soil and 10% plant ash are added and uniformly stirred, gaps are filled, and the plastic bags are placed on an indoor culture frame to grow;

and (3) harvesting zero generation seeds: harvesting Gastrodia elata cultivated by sexual propagation from 11 months in the current year to 3 months in the next year, wherein the harvest is mostly white hemp and rice hemp;

the step (4) of preparing the bacterial bed: selecting a broad-leaved tree mixed forest with the altitude of 800-1200 m, digging 50 cm-60 cm pits with the depth of 10-15 cm at the root part 2m away from the trunk along the lateral root direction, wherein the tree age is more than 8 years; leaving the lateral roots and the trimmed branches of the plant at the bottom of the pit, paving 0.5kg of leaves, selecting 5 sticks with the diameter of 6-10 cm and the length of 50cm, uniformly placing the 5 sticks among the lateral roots, wherein the distance between the sticks is 6-8 cm, and adding 2 bottles of three-level species of armillaria mellea on the sticks;

the step (5) of cultivation: closely planting the zero generation gastrodia elata on two sides and two ends of a tree stick, placing 1-2 branches at two ends of each tree stick respectively, placing 3 branches at two sides respectively, obliquely clamping a plurality of branches at gaps, covering with soil, keeping the soil thickness on the stick surface to be 1-2 cm, planting a layer again according to the method, covering the soil to be 6-10 cm, covering the pit top with a tortoise back shape, and covering the pit top with fallen leaves or weeds to be 5-15 cm;

the arrow-flax harvesting in the step (6): harvesting Gastrodia elata Blume in asexual propagation for 11 months, digging up tree stick in pit, taking out Gastrodia elata Blume, white hemp and rice hemp, carefully taking out and lightly loading, and avoiding mechanical damage.

Preferably, the fungus sticks are used for cultivation in the step (5) instead of the tree sticks.

Preferably, the method for manufacturing the fungus sticks comprises the steps of digging a pit with the width of 70cm and the depth of 30cm, and the length is not limited, firstly paving a thin layer of leaves at the bottom of the pit, horizontally arranging one layer of the fungus sticks, adding three-level Armillaria mellea strains or cultured fungus branches at the positions of fish scales between the two tree sticks, filling gaps with soil, arranging one layer of the tree sticks, covering with sandy soil for 10cm after adding the strains or the fungus branches, wherein the soil is clean and pollution-free, the soil is required to be solid and not tight when filling the gaps with the soil, no gaps can be left, and water is mainly supplemented and preserved during the culture period, and flood control and drainage are realized.

Preferably, when the fungus bed is manufactured in the step (4), the side roots are cut into fish scale mouths every 3-5 cm.

Preferably, the branches are branches of tree species of Fagaceae and Betulaceae, the diameter of the branches is 1-2 cm, and the branches are cut off and obliquely cut into small branch sections with the length of 6-10 cm for later use.

Preferably, the tree sticks are selected from Fagaceae and Betulaceae trees, the diameter of the tree sticks is 8-15 cm, the tree sticks are cut into 40-60 cm long sections, a fish scale opening is cut every 3-5 cm, 3-4 rows of the tree sticks are cut according to the thickness of the tree sticks, and the depth of the tree sticks is used for cutting and permeating skin to xylem for later use.

Preferably, before the cultivation in the step (5), the leaves and the branches are soaked in clear water for 24 hours and fished out for standby.

Preferably, the preparation of the third-level species of the armillaria mellea comprises the steps of selecting pre-separated and screened armillaria mellea strains, preparing armillaria mellea cultivated species, selecting 550mL plastic cultivation bottles as the cultivated species, mixing uniformly the cultivated species with 80% log, 4% bean flour, 10% corn flour, 5% cane sugar and 1% agar powder, adding water to a position 2cm away from a bottle opening, sterilizing for 3 hours at 121 ℃ and 1.1KPa by adopting a high-pressure steam sterilization pot, inoculating after normal temperature, and culturing for 50 days at 24 ℃.

Preferably, when the temperature is lower than 0 ℃, a plastic film, leaves or straws are covered on the cultivation holes to increase the ground temperature; when the temperature is higher than 30 ℃, the cover leaves or the straws are shaded, and a proper amount of water is added for cooling.

Preferably, during the growth period of the gastrodia elata, the moisture content of 3cm water on the surface of the soil is required to be kept between 50% and 60%, when the soil is dry to a depth of 2cm, watering is required, and the gastrodia elata is frequently watered and less watered and cannot be flooded with heavy water; after 9 months, the water content of the soil surface at 3cm is kept between 45 and 50 percent; and (4) in rainy season of 7 months to 9 months, a drainage ditch is opened in time, and the covering on the surface is removed to prevent water from accumulating in the pit.

Due to the adoption of the technical scheme, the invention has the following beneficial effects:

1. the zero generation seeds of the gastrodia elata cultivated by the nutrition bag create a relatively suitable growth environment for the germination of gastrodia elata seeds and the growth of armillaria mellea, the inoculation rate of the original bulbs of the gastrodia elata is improved, the time for the original bulbs to develop into the white sesame is shortened to 90 days from 120 days of the traditional method, the quality and the yield of the white sesame are guaranteed, and meanwhile, the consumption of forest resources is reduced.

2. The traditional planting has more holes, and the zero generation seeds of the gastrodia elata cultivated by the nutrition bag have no holes, so that the controllability of the zero generation seeds of the gastrodia elata cultivated by the nutrition bag is shown, the gastrodia elata is transferred to soil after the formation of white ramie is ensured, and the embarrassment of the holes is avoided.

3. The nutritional bag is used for cultivating the zero generation seeds of the gastrodia elata, so that the influence of weather on the germination rate of the gastrodia elata seeds can be resisted, and the yield of the gastrodia elata is improved. After the traditional three-nest planting, the management is basically not needed, and after the drought condition occurs, the drought condition is difficult to take measures to remedy because the drought condition is in a mountain area. The zero generation seeds of the gastrodia elata are cultured by utilizing the nutrition bag, so that the gastrodia elata seeds are in a proper environment in the early growth stage and successfully grow into the white gastrodia elata from protocorms. If drought occurs during transplanting, when white ramie and honey fungus with good growth vigor are planted, water is sprayed, the soaked wood leaves are covered, and then soil is covered, so that the drought resistance efficiency can be greatly improved. The culture of the Armillaria mellea strains with good growth in advance can ensure sufficient nutrition of the Armillaria mellea after the ambary is white, and finally, the yield of the Gastrodia elata is improved.

4. Compared with the traditional method, the method has the advantages that in the growth process of the gastrodia elata, the nutrition of the tree sticks is exhausted and then the tree sticks are converted into the live tree roots to provide the nutrition for the armillaria mellea, links of turning over and replacing the tree sticks in the middle growth period of the gastrodia elata are reduced, the consumption of the tree sticks is reduced by 50%, and the yield and the quality of the gastrodia elata are effectively improved.

5. The gastrodia elata planting method based on the living tree roots is closer to nature, does not apply chemical fertilizers and pesticides, is a more economical wild-imitating planting technology, and for farmers in mountainous areas, the living tree roots can save the cost of fungus materials, so that the cost is reduced, and the planting is convenient.

6. The bionic fungus bed planting can realize the purpose that the Armillaria mellea on the roots of the trees can grow all the time because of the harvesting for many years in one-time planting, so long as a part of white hemp is left in the harvesting process, the white hemp can grow into the Armillaria sagittifolia in the next year, and the sustainable development of the planting of the Gastrodia elata Blume is realized.

Detailed Description

The present invention will be explained in detail by the following examples, which are disclosed for the purpose of protecting all technical improvements within the scope of the present invention.

Example A method for cultivating zero generation seeds of Gastrodia elata by using nutrition bag

1. And (3) sowing time: 5-6 months

2. Seed dressing: tearing the symbiotic germination bacteria strain of the gastrodia elata seeds into single fungus leaves, and uniformly scattering the gastrodia elata seeds on the germination fungus leaves.

3. Soaking: before cultivation, the leaves and branches are soaked in clear water for 24h and fished out for standby.

4. Culturing: and (3) filling the mixed symbiotic germination bacterial leaves and third-level species of armillaria mellea and small branches with the length of 3-5 cm into plastic bags in a layered manner, uniformly stirring with humus and 10% plant ash, filling gaps, and placing the plastic bags on an indoor culture frame for growth.

As a result: 1. the cultivation of the zero generation seeds of the gastrodia elata by the nutrition bag creates a relatively suitable growth environment for the germination of the gastrodia elata seeds and the growth of armillaria mellea, improves the inoculation rate of the original bulbs of the gastrodia elata, and shortens the time for the original bulbs to develop into the white sesame from 120 days of the traditional method to 90 days.

2. The traditional planting has a cavity, and the zero generation of gastrodia elata cultivated by the nutrition bag has no cavity.

3. The nutritional bag is used for cultivating the zero generation seeds of the gastrodia elata, so that the influence of weather on the germination rate of the gastrodia elata seeds can be resisted, the well-grown armillaria mellea strains are cultivated in advance, the nutrition of the gastrodia elata seeds is sufficient after the gastrodia elata is subjected to white hemp, and finally the yield of the gastrodia elata is improved.

EXAMPLE two cultivation of Gastrodia elata in Living Tree root fungal bed

Selecting broad-leaved tree mixed forest with the altitude of 800-1200 m, wherein sparse forest land of 'semi-yin and semi-yang' is most suitable, and the maturation of gastrodia elata capsules can be started in the last 6 th month.

1 Material

1.1, planting of hemp: selecting white ramie which has no damage, no plant diseases and insect pests, strong growth, uniform size and perfect and strong bud as seed ramie.

1.2, bacterial material: selecting lateral root of Fagaceae tree species with age of more than 8 years, and collecting branch from branch of Fagaceae tree species.

1.3 strains: the Armillaria mellea adopts a directly cultured third-level fungus bag.

2 method

2.1 digging 50cm × 60cm pits with the depth of 10 cm-15 cm along the lateral root direction at the position 2m away from the base of the trunk.

2.2 cutting out fish scale openings at the roots, placing Armillariella mellea strains and branches along the fish scale openings, and sowing the seeds close to the strains.

2.3 filling the soil with humus, and covering with proper amount of leaves or weeds, wherein the soil is 10cm higher than the ground.

3 results

The conventional planting method generally uses 14kg of fungus materials per square meter, 1.2kg of hemp seeds and the yield is about 5 kg; the living tree roots are planted, the weight of the branches of the tree roots is 4kg, the hemp seeds are 0.4kg, and the yield is about 0.8 kg. Calculating that 357.1g of gastrodia elata can be produced by conventionally planting 1kg of fungus materials, and 5kg of gastrodia elata can be produced by every 1kg of gastrodia elata seeds; the living tree roots are planted, 200g of gastrodia elata can be produced per 1kg of fungus material, and 4kg of gastrodia elata can be produced per 1kg of hemp seeds.

Compared with the two methods, the actual economic benefit of the conventional planting is better than that of the living tree root planting, but the conventional planting is at the cost of cutting a large number of trees in the long term. The live tree roots can be inoculated with armillaria mellea and provide nutrition for the growth of the gastrodia elata, and the planting technology is wood-saving.

Example three-imitation ecological fungus bed for cultivating gastrodia elata

1. Selecting land: selecting a broadleaf tree mixed forest with the altitude of 800-1200 m, wherein the age of the tree is more than 8 years.

2. And (3) cultivation period: from 11 months in the year to 3 months in the next year.

3. Preparing a bacterial bed: digging 50cm × 60cm pits with the depth of 10 cm-15 cm at the root part 2m away from the trunk along the direction of the lateral roots; the lateral roots and the trimmed branches of the plants are left at the bottom of the pit, 0.5kg of leaves are paved, 5 sticks with the diameter of 6-10 cm and the length of 50cm are selected to be placed evenly among the lateral roots, the distance between the sticks is 6-8 cm, and 2 bottles of three-level species of armillaria mellea are added on the sticks.

4. Cultivation: the zero generation gastrodia elata is closely attached to two sides and two ends of a tree stick, 1-2 branches are placed at each end of each tree stick, 3 branches are placed at each side, a plurality of branches are obliquely clamped in gaps, the tree sticks are covered with soil, the thickness of the soil on the surfaces of the trees is kept to be 1-2 cm, a layer is planted according to the method, the thickness of the soil is covered to be 6-10 cm, the shape of a tortoise back at the top of a pit is formed, the top of the pit is covered with fallen leaves or weeds to be 5-15 cm, and the tall gastrodia elata is sun-proof, moisture-preserving and rain-proof.

5. Harvesting kenaf: harvesting Gastrodia elata Blume in asexual propagation for 11 months, digging up tree stick in pit, taking out Gastrodia elata Blume, white hemp and rice hemp, carefully taking out and lightly loading, and avoiding mechanical damage.

The bionic fungus bed is used for planting, the weight of the tree root and the tree stick is 10kg, the hemp seeds are 1kg, and the yield is about 4 kg. Calculating to obtain simulated ecological fungus bed planting, wherein 400g of gastrodia elata can be produced in each 1kg of fungus material, 4kg of gastrodia elata can be produced in each 1kg of hemp seeds, the simulated ecological fungus bed planting is developed, armillaria mellea nutrition is directly provided by lateral roots and sticks of trees, the yield can be ensured, felling of forests is reduced, and ecology is protected.

The bionic fungus bed planting is different from the traditional planting and the living tree root planting, and is characterized in that the armillaria mellea is parasitic in the living tree root to grow and saprophytic in the felled tree section, so that the first step is to judge whether the armillaria mellea infects the tree root and the tree stick and grows well on the tree root and the tree stick, only if the armillaria mellea grows well on the tree root and the tree stick, a nutrition base can be provided for the subsequent growth of the gastrodia elata, and the yield of the gastrodia elata is high. Meanwhile, the planting of the bionic fungus bed can be realized, the planting can be carried out for many years once, the armillaria mellea on the roots can grow all the time, and the ambary can grow into the kenaf in the next year as long as a part of ambary is left in the harvesting process.

The present invention is not described in detail in the prior art.

The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and the protection scope of the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments, and all technical solutions belonging to the idea of the present invention belong to the protection scope of the present invention. It should be noted that modifications and embellishments within the scope of the invention may occur to those skilled in the art without departing from the principle of the invention, and are considered to be within the scope of the invention.

Claims

1. A method for cultivating rhizoma Gastrodiae by using under-forest bionic fungus bed comprises (1) dressing seed, (2) cultivating zero generation seed in nutrition bag, (3) collecting zero generation seed, (4) preparing fungus bed, (5) cultivating, and (6) collecting rhizoma Gastrodiae;

2. The method for cultivating gastrodia elata by using the under-forest bionic fungi bed as claimed in claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: and (5) replacing the tree sticks with fungus sticks for cultivation.

3. The method for cultivating gastrodia elata by using the under-forest bionic fungi bed as claimed in claim 2, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the method for manufacturing the fungus sticks comprises the steps of digging a pit with the width of 70cm and the depth of 30cm, and the length is not limited, firstly paving a thin layer of leaves at the bottom of the pit, horizontally arranging one layer of the fungus sticks, adding three-level Armillariella mellea strains or cultured fungus branches at the positions of fish scales between the two tree sticks, filling gaps with soil, arranging one layer of the tree sticks, covering sandy soil for 10cm after adding the strains or the fungus branches, wherein the soil is clean and pollution-free, the soil is solid and not tight when filling the gaps with the soil, no gaps can be left, and water is mainly supplemented and preserved during the culture period, and flood control and drainage are performed.

4. The method for cultivating gastrodia elata by using the under-forest bionic fungi bed as claimed in claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: and (4) cutting a fish scale opening at intervals of 3-5 cm for the lateral roots when the fungus bed is manufactured in the step (4).

5. The method for cultivating gastrodia elata by using the under-forest bionic fungi bed as claimed in claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the branches are selected from branches of tree species of Fagaceae and Betulaceae, the diameter of the branches is 1-2 cm, and the branches are cut off and obliquely cut into small branch sections with the length of 6-10 cm for later use.

6. The method for cultivating gastrodia elata by using the under-forest bionic fungi bed as claimed in claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the tree sticks are selected from Fagaceae and Betulaceae trees, the diameter of the tree sticks is 8-15 cm, the tree sticks are cut into 40-60 cm long sections, a fish scale opening is cut every 3-5 cm, 3-4 rows of the tree sticks are cut according to the thickness of the tree sticks, and the depth of the tree sticks is used for cutting and permeating skin to xylem for later use.

7. The method for cultivating gastrodia elata by using the under-forest bionic fungi bed as claimed in claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: and (5) soaking the leaves and the branches in clear water for 24 hours before cultivation in the step (5), and fishing out for later use.

8. The method for cultivating gastrodia elata by using the under-forest bionic fungi bed as claimed in claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the preparation of the third-level species of the armillaria mellea comprises the steps of selecting pre-separated and screened armillaria mellea strains, preparing armillaria mellea cultivated species, selecting a 550mL plastic cultivation bottle as the cultivated species, uniformly mixing 80% of log, 4% of bean flour, 10% of corn flour, 5% of cane sugar and 1% of agar powder, adding water to a position 2cm away from a bottle opening, sterilizing for 3 hours at 121 ℃ and 1.1KPa by adopting a high-pressure steam sterilization pot, inoculating after normal temperature, and culturing for 50 days at 24 ℃.

9. The method for cultivating gastrodia elata by using the under-forest bionic fungi bed as claimed in claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: when the temperature is lower than 0 ℃, a plastic film, leaves or straws are covered on the cultivation holes to increase the ground temperature; when the temperature is higher than 30 ℃, the cover leaves or the straws are shaded, and a proper amount of water is added for cooling.

10. The method for cultivating gastrodia elata by using the under-forest bionic fungi bed as claimed in claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: during the growth period of the gastrodia elata, the moisture content of 3cm water on the surface of the soil is required to be kept between 50% and 60%, the soil is watered when being dried to the depth of 2cm, the watering is frequently carried out, and the large water cannot be used for flood irrigation; after 9 months, the water content of the soil surface at 3cm is kept between 45 and 50 percent; and (4) in rainy season of 7 months to 9 months, a drainage ditch is opened in time, and the covering on the surface is removed to prevent water from accumulating in the pit.