CN111567346A - Gastrodia elata capsule twice-sowing method - Google Patents
Gastrodia elata capsule twice-sowing method Download PDFInfo
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- CN111567346A CN111567346A CN202010399522.9A CN202010399522A CN111567346A CN 111567346 A CN111567346 A CN 111567346A CN 202010399522 A CN202010399522 A CN 202010399522A CN 111567346 A CN111567346 A CN 111567346A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
- A01G22/25—Root crops, e.g. potatoes, yams, beet or wasabi
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G18/00—Cultivation of mushrooms
- A01G18/40—Cultivation of spawn
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for sowing gastrodia elata capsules twice, which comprises the steps of selecting an elevation of 800 plus 1500m and sandy loam as a sowing foundation, paving a layer of leaves on the ground after land preparation, and collecting capsules for later use when the gastrodia elata capsules are cracked, wherein fruits on the lower portion become brown and soft after pollination of the gastrodia elata is carried out for more than 20 days. After the harvested capsules are treated, primary sowing needs to be finished within 24 hours, the capsules are placed on the ground or on a rack indoors after being sowed, cultivation is carried out for 7 days at the temperature of 23-27 ℃, secondary sowing is carried out, and field management is carried out after the sowing. The gastrodia elata capsule is sowed for 2 times, the method is simple, and compared with the traditional one-time sowing method, the seed germination rate is obviously improved. The results of repeated tests show that: by adopting the method for sowing, the seed germination rate is improved from 0.015% to more than 0.03%.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a method for sowing gastrodia elata capsules twice, and belongs to the technical field of planting of traditional Chinese medicinal materials.
Background
The gastrodia elata is a rare Chinese medicinal material in China, is wide in clinical application and has huge market demand. At present, the gastrodia elata is mostly cultivated artificially, and the gastrodia elata cultivation technology comprises two technologies of asexual propagation and sexual propagation. Asexual propagation is a common artificial cultivation technology for gastrodia elata, but has the problems of degeneration of seed properties after multiple generations, reduction of yield, quality and resistance, and low economic benefit of culturists. Sexual propagation can effectively solve the problems of seed source deficiency, variety degradation and the like in asexual propagation, and the propagation coefficient, yield and quality of the gastrodia elata can be improved through hybridization.
In recent years, with the breakthrough of sexual propagation technology, gastrodia elata is cultivated artificially, and the sexual propagation technology is gradually used to replace the asexual propagation technology. However, the grower often produces gastrodia seeds by experience. For many years, the sexual propagation technology is that gastrodia elata capsule seeds are crushed, kneaded and dispersed to be mixed with germination bacteria, and then are immediately sown into a bed. The method is difficult to control natural factors such as outdoor temperature, rainfall, storm and the like, the gastrodia elata seeds are very easy to infect due to slow hypha growth after the germination bacteria enter the ground, the gastrodia elata seeds cannot be combined with the germination bacteria hypha in time, and the embryo of the seed is difficult to develop or die, so that the seed germination rate is low, the death rate is high, the sexual propagation coefficient of the gastrodia elata is reduced, and the yield and the quality of the gastrodia elata are influenced. Only by reforming and innovating a cultivation system and adopting a method and means for sowing gastrodia elata capsules twice, the defects caused by various adverse factors in production can be effectively overcome, the propagation coefficient of gastrodia elata is improved, and the purpose of high yield and high quality of gastrodia elata cultivation is achieved.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the problems, the invention provides a method for sowing the gastrodia elata twice, which is simple in steps and improves the germination rate of seeds from 0.015% to over 0.03%. The technical scheme is as follows:
a method for sowing gastrodia elata capsules twice comprises the following steps:
(1) sowing for one time: taking 1 bag of germinating bacteria, putting the 1 bag into a large and deep basin, tearing the 1 bag into single pieces or tearing the single pieces or the capsules into pieces by hands, then taking 10 capsules, putting the capsules into a fine basket sieve, operating by two persons, putting the capsules into the sieve by one person, slightly shaking the capsules by hands, rolling the seeds in the basket sieve, quickly stirring the germinating bacteria in the basin by one person to fully and uniformly mix the gastrodia elata seeds and the germinating bacteria, putting the mixture into a food bag after mixing, then tying the mixture in a pair manner, leaving a small opening for ventilation, putting the mixture on the ground or a frame indoors, placing 2-3 layers in a staggered manner, and avoiding stacking the mixture to be too thick so as to prevent burning bags, keeping the indoor temperature at 23-27 ℃, and cultivating the mixture for later use for 7 days;
(2) secondary sowing: taking high-quality fungus materials, arranging the high-quality fungus materials on a finished fungus bed at intervals of 2-3cm, filling gaps with fine sandy soil, wherein the filling thickness is suitable for exposing the fungus materials, firstly spreading short-section branches, then spreading wet wood leaves, taking out and tearing away the germination bacteria which are planted for the first time and cultivated for about 7 days, uniformly spreading the germination bacteria on the fungus bed, then spreading armillaria mellea branch seeds and wet wood leaves, and covering the fungus bed with fine sandy soil with the thickness of 10 cm; another layer is sowed according to the same method; finally, straw or weed is used for covering, so as to preserve heat, preserve moisture and prevent rain washing.
Further, before the primary sowing, the preparation of a fungus bed is also included: at the elevation of 800 plus 1500m, sandy loam is selected, the soil layer is about 30cm, the soil layer is loose, breathable and good in drainage, the water source is convenient, the terrain with shading conditions is obtained, a rotary cultivator is used for deeply turning for 20cm, the fungus bed is divided into compartments according to the width of 100cm and the width of a ditch of 30cm, the surface soil of the compartment surface is taken out to be 10cm deep, two compartments are stacked, the bottom surface is leveled, and a layer of leaves is laid for later use.
Further, the mature capsules in the step (1) are selected from fruits pollinated for 20-23 d, the lower fruits are browned and softened, the mature capsules are harvested from bottom to top when cracking is to be achieved, the mature capsules are cut off by scissors and placed into a paper bag or porcelain and placed in an indoor dry and wind-proof place to avoid the seeds from flying, the capsules are spread and dried for 2-3 hours, the moisture loss increases the cracking degree of the capsules, so that the gastrodia elata seeds fall out of cracks, and the gastrodia elata seeds are prevented from being exposed to the sun.
Further, the one-time sowing time in the step (1) is not more than 24 h.
Further, the fungus material is obtained by cultivating according to the following method: taking a tree trunk of the hybrid forest with the length of 50cm and the diameter of 5-10cm, cutting 5-6 fish scale openings on two sides of the wood by a cutter to reach the xylem with the depth of about 3mm, facilitating inoculation of armillaria mellea, adopting a fixed fungus bed or a movable fungus bed for the cultivation method, selecting a wet place near a gastrodia elata cultivation place, and digging a cellar with the depth of 30cm, wherein the size of the cellar is determined according to the terrain and the quantity of the fungus materials. And digging 5cm of the pit bottom to lay the mushroom material. Filling gaps among the fungus materials with fine sandy soil, wherein the gaps are required to be solid but not tight, exposing the fungus materials, scattering a layer of halimasch strains, sequentially arranging 4-5 layers according to the method, covering soil for 10cm, and covering with grass to prevent rain wash, keep the surface soil loose, and play a role in moisturizing.
Further, field management is also included after the secondary sowing, people and livestock are strictly prohibited to tread, liquid dung flows in, the pollution of mixed bacteria is controlled, soil covering is thickened before overwintering, and leaves are covered to prevent freezing; in the high-temperature and high-humidity period of 6-8 months, a shed is erected or high-stalk crops are intercropped for shading; before the rainy season comes, cleaning the drainage ditch, and draining accumulated water in time after rain to prevent tubers from rotting; in spring and autumn, the sun should be irradiated as necessary to maintain a certain temperature.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
1. the method for sowing the gastrodia elata capsules for 2 times has simple steps and obviously improves the seed germination rate compared with the traditional one-time sowing method. The repeated test results show that: by adopting the method for sowing, the seed germination rate is improved from 0.015% to more than 0.03%.
2. The result of the invention is proved to be feasible and reliable by repeated tests.
Detailed Description
Examples
Gastrodia elata capsule twice-sowing method
(1) Site selection: the elevation is 1293.5m, sandy loam is selected, the soil layer is about 30cm, the soil layer is loose and breathable, the drainage is good, the water source is convenient, and the shading condition is provided;
(2) land preparation: deeply turning by a rotary cultivator for 20cm, opening a box according to the width of 100cm and the width of a ditch of 30cm, taking out the surface soil of the box surface for 10cm, stacking two boxes, flattening the bottom surface, and paving a layer of leaves for later use; harvesting capsules: after pollination for more than 20 days, the lower fruits become brown and soft, namely, the fruits are ripe and harvested from bottom to top when the cracks are formed. Shearing mature capsules by scissors, putting the capsules into a paper bag or porcelain, placing the capsules in a dry and windproof place indoors to avoid the seeds from flying, spreading and airing for 2-3 hours, dissipating water to increase the cracking degree of the capsules so as to facilitate the gastrodia elata seeds to fall out of cracks and prevent the gastrodia elata seeds from being exposed to the sun;
(3) sowing for one time: because the gastrodia elata seeds are tiny and have extremely short service life, the adopted capsules should be sown in time, and the first sowing needs to be completed within 24 hours. Taking 1 bag of germinating fungi, putting the 1 bag into a large and deep basin, manually tearing the 1 bag into single pieces or scattered to enlarge the contact surface of the germinating fungi and the gastrodia elata seeds, taking 10 capsules, putting the capsules into a fine basket sieve, operating by two persons, putting the capsules into the sieve by one person, slightly shaking by hand to roll the seeds in the basket sieve, quickly stirring the germinating fungi in the basin by one person to fully and uniformly mix the gastrodia elata seeds and the germinating fungi, putting the mixture into a food bag after mixing, then tying the mixture together by opposite pulling, leaving a small opening for ventilation, putting the mixture on the ground or on a shelf indoors, placing 2-3 layers in a staggered mode, not stacking the mixture to be too thick to prevent burning bags, keeping the indoor temperature at 23-27 ℃, and cultivating for 7 days for later use; researches find that the germination bacteria are fully ventilated after being torn apart, hyphae grow rapidly, white hyphae in the bag are densely distributed after 2-3 days, the tiny gastrodia seeds are tightly fused and twisted into a ball, the chance that the germination hyphae infect the gastrodia seeds is increased, and good conditions are created for the germination of the embryo of the gastrodia seeds;
(4) and (3) cultivating the fungus material: taking a trunk of miscellaneous tree with the length of 50cm and the diameter of 5-10cm, cutting 5-6 fish scale openings on two sides of the wood by a cutter to reach the xylem with the depth of about 3mm, so as to facilitate inoculation of armillaria mellea, adopting either a fixed bacterial bed or a movable bacterial bed, selecting a relatively humid place near a gastrodia elata cultivation place, and digging a cellar with the depth of 30cm, wherein the size is determined according to the terrain and the number of bars. And digging 5cm of the pit bottom to be loosened, and then paving the bar. Filling gaps among the bars with fine sandy soil, wherein the gaps are required to be solid but not tight, exposing the bars, scattering a layer of armillaria mellea branch seeds, sequentially arranging 4-5 layers according to the method, covering soil for 10cm, covering with grass to prevent rain wash, keeping surface soil loose, and playing a role in moisturizing.
(5) Secondary sowing: taking high-quality fungus materials, arranging the high-quality fungus materials on a fungus bed at intervals of 2-3cm, filling gaps with fine sandy soil, wherein the filling thickness is suitable for exposing the fungus materials, spreading short-section branches, spreading wet wood leaves, taking out and tearing off germination bacteria which are sowed for the first time and are placed for about 7 days, uniformly spreading the germination bacteria on the fungus bed, spreading armillaria mellea branch seeds and wet wood leaves, and covering the fungus bed with fine sandy soil with the thickness of 10 cm. Another layer is sowed according to the same method. And finally covering with straws or weeds, and preserving heat and moisture to prevent rain erosion. Taking 1 square meter as a cell, and carrying out 2 bags of germination strains of the capsule in each cell for 10 times of repetition.
(6) Field management: after secondary sowing, careful management is required, people and livestock are strictly prohibited from treading, and liquid dung flows in to control the pollution of mixed bacteria. Thickening and covering soil before overwintering, and covering leaves for freeze prevention; in the high-temperature and high-humidity period of 6-8 months, a shed should be built or high-stem crops should be intercropped to shade the sun, so that the soil is wet, and the soil humidity is preferably kept at 50-60%; before the rainy season comes, the drainage ditch is cleaned, and accumulated water is drained in time after rain to prevent tubers from rotting. In spring and autumn, the sun should be irradiated as necessary to maintain a certain temperature.
Comparative example
(compare the example, adopt the method of sowing capsules at a time)
(1) Site selection: the elevation is 800 plus 1500m, sandy loam is selected, the soil layer is about 30cm, the soil is loose, breathable and good in drainage, the water source is convenient, and the shading condition is provided. Land preparation: deeply turning 20cm by using a rotary cultivator, opening a box by a fungus bed with the width of 100cm and the width of a ditch of 30cm, taking out surface soil of the box surface with the depth of 10cm, stacking two bags, flattening the bottom surface, and paving fungus materials for cultivation: taking a trunk of miscellaneous tree with the length of 50cm and the diameter of 5-10cm, cutting 5-6 fish scale openings on two sides of the wood by a cutter to reach the xylem with the depth of about 3mm, so as to facilitate inoculation of armillaria mellea, adopting either a fixed bacterial bed or a movable bacterial bed, selecting a relatively humid place near a gastrodia elata cultivation place, and digging a cellar with the depth of 30cm, wherein the size is determined according to the terrain and the number of bars. And digging 5cm of the pit bottom to be loosened, and then paving the bar. Filling gaps among the bars with fine sandy soil, wherein the gaps are required to be solid but not tight, exposing the bars, scattering a layer of halimasch strains, sequentially discharging 4-5 layers according to the method, covering soil for 10cm, covering with grass to prevent rain wash, keeping surface soil loose, and preserving moisture.
(2) And (3) sowing on a fungus bed: taking a small bag of the germination bacteria 1, putting the small bag into a relatively large and deep basin, rubbing the small bag by hands to disperse, selecting 10000 plump seeds, rubbing and rubbing the seeds of the gastrodia elata capsules to disperse, mixing the crushed seeds with the germination bacteria, and immediately sowing the seeds into a bed. Placing high-quality fungus materials on a fungus bed at intervals of 2-3cm, filling gaps with fine sandy soil, wherein the filling thickness is suitable for exposing the fungus materials, spreading short-section branches, spreading wet wood leaves, directly spreading the mixed seeds of the capsule fruits on the fungus bed uniformly, spreading honey fungus branches and wet wood leaves, and covering the upper cover with fine sandy soil with the thickness of 10 cm. Another layer is sowed according to the same method. And finally covering with straws or weeds, and preserving heat and moisture to prevent rain erosion. Taking 1 square meter as a cell, and carrying out 2 bags of germination strains of the capsule in each cell for 10 times of repetition.
(3) Field management: after sowing, careful management is required, people and livestock are strictly prohibited from treading, and liquid dung flows in to control the pollution of mixed bacteria. Thickening and covering soil before overwintering, and covering leaves for freeze prevention; in the high-temperature and high-humidity period of 6-8 months, a shed is erected or high-stalk crops are intercropped for shading, so that the soil is wet, and the soil humidity is preferably kept at 50-60%; before the rainy season comes, the drainage ditch is cleaned, and accumulated water is drained in time after rain to prevent tubers from rotting. In spring and autumn, the sun should be irradiated as necessary to maintain a certain temperature.
Test examples
The sprouting number of the gastrodia elata in the sowing methods different from the comparative examples is recorded, the sprouting rate is counted, and specific results are detailed in table 1.
TABLE 1 seed survival rates of different examples
Note: the above data are the average of 10 measurements.
The method for sowing the gastrodia elata capsules for 2 times has simple steps and obviously improves the seed germination rate compared with the traditional one-time sowing method. The repeated test results show that: by adopting the method for sowing, the seed germination rate is improved from 0.015% to more than 0.03%. The invention has been successfully tested by Dazhou agricultural science research institute, Shufeng agricultural development Co Ltd in Wanyuan and Kaming planting professional cooperative society in Wanyuan, and the result is proved to be feasible and reliable through repeated tests.
The principles and embodiments of the present invention are explained herein using specific examples, which are presented only to assist in understanding the method and its core concepts of the present invention. The foregoing is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and it should be noted that there are objectively infinite specific structures due to the limited character expressions, and it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that a plurality of modifications, decorations or changes may be made without departing from the principle of the present invention, and the technical features described above may be combined in a suitable manner; such modifications, variations, combinations, or adaptations of the invention using its spirit and scope, as defined by the claims, may be directed to other uses and embodiments.
Claims (8)
1. A method for sowing gastrodia elata capsules twice is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) sowing for one time: taking 10 mature capsules, uniformly mixing with germination bacteria, mixing well, and then putting into a food bag for cultivation for 7 days for later use; (2) secondary sowing: arranging high-quality fungus materials on a prepared fungus bed at intervals of 2-3cm, taking out the germination fungi which are planted for 7 days for the first time, uniformly spreading the germination fungi on the fungus bed, placing armillaria mellea branch seeds and wet wood leaves, covering with fine sandy soil with the thickness of 10cm, repeatedly sowing one layer again, and finally covering with weeds.
2. The sowing method according to claim 1, further comprising preparation of a fungus bed before one sowing, characterized in that: the fungus bed is deeply ploughed by selecting sandy loam with the elevation of 800-1500m and the soil layer of 30 +/-2 cm, the fungus bed is opened according to the width of 100cm and the ditch width of 30cm, the surface soil of the box surface is taken out to be 10cm deep, the bottom surface is leveled, and a layer of leaves is laid for later use.
3. A sowing method according to claim 1, wherein the mature capsules in the step (1) are selected from fruits pollinated for 20-23 d, and are aired for 2-3h in an indoor dry and sunlight-free direct environment after being picked.
4. A sowing method according to claim 1, wherein the sowing time of step (1) is not more than 24 h.
5. The sowing method according to claim 1, wherein the temperature of the environment for storing the once-sowed food bag in the step (1) is 23-27 ℃.
6. A sowing method according to claim 1, wherein the fungus material is obtained by cultivation as follows: taking a forest tree trunk with the length of 50cm and the diameter of 5-10cm, cutting 5-6 fish scale openings with the depth of 3mm to the xylem on the two sides of the tree trunk for cultivating fungus materials, laying the cultivated fungus materials at the bottom of a cellar, filling gaps with fine sand soil, scattering a layer of halimasch strains on the surface, repeatedly discharging 4-5 layers, covering with soil for 10cm, and covering with grass.
7. A sowing method according to claim 6, wherein the fungus cultivation method is selected from any one of a fixed fungus bed and a movable fungus bed.
8. The method of sowing of claim 6, further comprising field management after the secondary sowing.
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Cited By (1)
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Application publication date: 20200825 |
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| RJ01 | Rejection of invention patent application after publication |