CN101695247A - Method for comprehensively preventing and controlling plant diseases and insect pests in artificial gastrodia cultivation under wild-simulated condition - Google Patents
Method for comprehensively preventing and controlling plant diseases and insect pests in artificial gastrodia cultivation under wild-simulated condition Download PDFInfo
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- 208000037265 diseases, disorders, signs and symptoms Diseases 0.000 title claims abstract description 17
- 241000305492 Gastrodia Species 0.000 title claims abstract description 16
- 241000238631 Hexapoda Species 0.000 title claims abstract description 16
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for comprehensively preventing and controlling plant diseases and insect pests in artificial gastrodia cultivation under wild-simulated condition. The method comprises the following steps: paving fallen leaves and branches in a pit; scattering three-level strains on the branches; after covering the pit with soil, cultivating the strains for 40 to 60 days; chopping out a scale gap in sticks; paving the fallen leaves in the cultivation pit; putting a layer of sticks; adding strain branches among the sticks; covering the pit by sandy soil; and obtaining the strains for later use through cultivation. During planting, the strains are alternately put among the sticks so that gastrodia seeds are close to the strains as possible; then, the pit is covered by the soil and all the gaps are filled. The growing process only needs routine technology for management. By the technology, the incidence rate of the plant diseases is reduced from 8 percent to below 4 percent; the incidence rate of the insect pests is reduced from 10 percent to below 5 percent, thereby remarkably improving the level of preventing and controlling the plant diseases and insect pests in the artificial gastrodia cultivation, improving the output of gastrodia, providing raw materials for pharmacy and improving the economic income of farmers in mountainous areas.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to rhizoma Gastrodiae artificial cultivation technique field, be specifically related to a kind of method for comprehensively preventing and controlling plant diseases and insect pests in of when imitation rhizoma Gastrodiae wild environment carries out the rhizoma Gastrodiae artificial cultivation, implementing.
Background technology
Rhizoma Gastrodiae (Gastrodia elata B1.) is under the jurisdiction of a kind of parasitism medicinal plant with mycorhiza of the blue subfamily Gastrodia of the orchid family rhizoma Gastrodiae subgenus, itself unrooted does not have leaf, main rely on to decompose immerse the perennial aulophyte that the halimasch silk in its body is kept growth.Mainly be distributed in China Jilin, Liaoning, Hebei, Shaanxi, Henan, Hunan, Hubei, Sichuan, Guizhou, Yunnan, Tibet, Korea, the area, Siberia, Japan, also there are distribution in India, Sillim.Mainly contain materials such as Gastrodin (gastrodin), Pai Lixin (parishin), rhizoma Gastrodiae ether glucoside (rhizoma gastrodiae alkali gastrodioside), gastrodin unit, succinic acid, L-pyroglutamic acid, citric acid, citric acid mono-methyl, the two methyl esters of citric acid, retinoid material, sucrose, palmitic acid in the rhizoma Gastrodiae, it is famous and precious conventional Chinese medicine, the history of being used as medicine existing two over thousands of years, the successive dynasties draft is all classified as top grade, curing mainly diseases such as lumbago, skelalgia of rheumatism, facial paralysis, four limbs spasm, extremity numbness, dizziness and headache, infantile convulsion, coronary heart disease, is the important source material of China's pharmaceuticals industry.Rhizoma Gastrodiae can strengthen the resolution capability of optic nerve as high-altitude flight personnel's brain health medicine.Because wide, the requirement of its purposes is big, have no side effect, be subjected to patient's welcome deeply, the past relies on always and excavates the Wild gastrodia hyoscine, and natural resources is seriously damaged.From the end of the fifties in last century to the sixties, carried out the research work that the wild change man of rhizoma Gastrodiae plants in succession in provinces such as China Hubei, Sichuan, Guizhou, Yunnan, Guangxi, all there is artificial gastrodia cultivation research most of provinces and regions in the whole nation up till now.To chemical composition and pharmacological research report was arranged all from wild domestication, vegetative propagation, sexual propagation, the cultured in vitro of Wild gastrodia.Abroad, Japanese scholar Kusano.S. in 1911 discuss the symbiotic relation of rhizoma Gastrodiae and armillaria mellea the earliest, and the vegetative propagation process of growth of rhizoma Gastrodiae is observed and discussed.Because rhizoma Gastrodiae is produced farmland out of question, striven fertilizer, struggle for the work force between farming and nonfarming sectors, small investment, instant effect, big, the remarkable in economical benefits of income are particularly suitable for promoting in the mountain area development.The quality of planting tall gastrodia tuber is higher than the rhizoma Gastrodiae that other artificial cultivation technique obtains though imitative wild condition is sowed, it yield poorly and also unstable, its damage by disease and insect also is difficult to control simultaneously.Therefore, how when artificial gastrodia cultivation under wild-simulated condition, improve the output of rhizoma Gastrodiae and the generation of control damage by disease and insect, just become the prior art problem demanding prompt solution.
Summary of the invention
The objective of the invention is at the deficiencies in the prior art, a kind of method for comprehensively preventing and controlling plant diseases and insect pests in of using when artificial gastrodia cultivation under wild-simulated condition is provided, the generation of the output of raising artificial gastrodia cultivation and quality, minimizing damage by disease and insect.
Purpose of the present invention is achieved by the following technical programs.
Except as otherwise noted, percentage of the present invention is percetage by weight.
A kind of method for comprehensively preventing and controlling plant diseases and insect pests in of artificial gastrodia cultivation under wild-simulated condition may further comprise the steps:
1, the bacterium material is cultivated
1. the bacterium branch is cultivated: the branch of intercepting diameter 1～2cm, long 5～8cm is standby; Dig out the pitting of cultivating the bacterium branch, shop one deck is fallen leaves earlier at the end, hole, branch is nestled up to be placed on the leaf then, on branch, spread the three-class strain of one deck artificial culture equably, put one deck branch again, cover sand then, sandy soil thickness is just to cover branch completely and the space is as the criterion; Put 6～8 layers again with same operation sequence, the last sand of the thick 6～8cm of lid layer atop covers one deck branches and leaves on it again so that heat and moisture preserving was cultivated 40～60 days, and is standby;
The seeds that are used for the cultivation of bacterium branch are best with Fagaceae.
The pitting of cultivation bacterium branch is wide to be 50cm, dark 30cm.
2. the bacterium material is cultivated: gather diameter 3～6cm in June, the local broad-leaved tree branch of long 90cm is as the tree rod, is the fish scale mouth of 0.9～1.1cm deeply setting on the rod to cut out at interval by 6～10cm, and is standby; Dig the cultivation hole in the slope of 20 °～30 ° of the gradients, cheat dark 45～55cm, hole subsoil earth is dug pine be made into 15 °～20 ° the gradient, shop one deck fallen leaves, on leaf, put one deck tree rod, water tree rod and leaf with clear water, between rod and rod, add 4～5 in standby bacterium branch, cover and tamp space between rod with sand again; Repave the last layer fallen leaves afterwards, put into second layer tree rod, water, between rod, add the bacterium branch equally, cover and infill with sand with clear water; Cultivate 4～5 layers with same method, the lid sand 8～10cm of the superiors is to a little more than ground, cover at last one deck branches and leaves with heat and moisture preserving, prevent rain drop erosion;
Described fallen leaves, branch and tree rod, 10 days before using is 600～800mgL with concentration
-1Carbendazim or concentration be 400～600mgL
-1Thiophanate methyl solution is sprayed, to eliminate the influence of assorted bacterium to culture materials.
2, choosing ground and whole ground: selecting the gradient by the end of November is 20 °～30 ° forest land, digs the pool by the pool apart from 1～1.5m in sylvan life, and the dark 20～25cm in the pool, pool bottom sloping are 15 °～20 °;
The described pool is long to be 1m, wide 0.5m.
3, plant: the pool is dug the back and spread one deck fallen leaves at the bottom of the pool, the tree rod of cutting out the fish scale mouth is tiled on the fallen leaves, and is 400～800mgL with concentration
-1Thiophanate methyl or carbendazim and 200～500mgL
-1Hot sulphur spirit solution spray, squirt to spending to set rod and fallen leaves, collection is simultaneously fallen leaves and sprayed with same agricultural chemicals, and is standby; Carried out at interval behind the spray medicine that fiber crops are planted and the placement of bacterium material in 10 days, the bacterium material is wanted evenly during cultivation, the compartment of terrain is placed between the tree rod, and every pool bacterium material use quantity is 2～3,4～6 of tree rods; Fiber crops are planted when placing and connect halimasch near the bacterium material earlier so that fiber crops are planted as far as possible, add after fiber crops plant to be placed and to finish and bury and tamp all spaces, plant degree of being, spread the fallen leaves that one deck had sprayed agricultural chemicals more thereon can see fiber crops, earthing covers branches and leaves at last in case the freeze injury of stagnant ice snow afterwards; Manage with routine techniques in process of growth;
Described earthing with 4cm～6cm above ground level for well.
4, gather: the first arrival in November was promptly gathered at the beginning of 12 months.
The present invention has the following advantages with respect to prior art:
1, adopt its disease incidence of rhizoma Gastrodiae that this planting technology comes out to reduce to below 4% by original 8%, the insect pest incidence is reduced to below 5% by original 10%, has important use and be worth on producing.
2, effectively improve the integrated control level of damage by disease and insect; both effectively protect the rhizoma Gastrodiae wild resource, guaranteed " tunnel " property of day ramie product, can improve the output of rhizoma Gastrodiae and the generation of control damage by disease and insect again; for pharmacy industry provides raw material, improve the income of hill farmer.
Embodiment
The present invention is described in further detail below in conjunction with embodiment, but they are not limitation of the invention.
Embodiment 1
1) fallen leaves, branch, tree rod prepare to collect branch, the tree rod of fallen leaves and Fagaceae.About branch diameter 1.5cm, be sawn into the segment of long 6cm; Set about excellent diameter 5cm, long 90cm, the tree rod is chopped to the fish scale mouth of dark about 1cm at interval by 8cm.Before using 10 days of fallen leaves, branch and tree rod are 600mgL with concentration
-1Carbendazim solution spray, to eliminate of the influence of assorted bacterium, be used for the cultivation of following bacterium branch and bacterium material to culture materials.
2) the bacterium branch is cultivated and is dug out the pitting of cultivating the bacterium branch at the beginning of 4 months, cheat wide about 50cm, dark about 30cm, dig the back and spread one deck fallen leaves earlier at the end, hole, branch nestled up be placed on the leaf, on branch, spread the good three-class strain of one deck artificial culture equably, put one deck branch again, cover sand then, sandy soil thickness is put 6～8 layers just to cover branch completely and the space is as the criterion again with same operation sequence, the last sand of the thick about 8cm of lid layer atop, cover one deck trees litter again so that heat and moisture preserving is cultivated standby after 60 days.
3) the bacterium material is cultivated to dig under the gradient is forest land about 20 ° in June and is cultivated the hole, cheat about dark 50cm, cheat long 2m, wide 1m digs pine with hole subsoil earth and is made into 15 °～20 ° the gradient, spreads the leaf about a bed thickness 1cm, on leaf, put one deck tree rod and water tree rod and leaf with clear water, between rod and rod, add 4～5 in bacterium branch, tamp space between the tree rod with sand again, be advisable with the firm tree rod that covered; Leaf about the thick 1cm of layer overlay is again put into second layer tree rod afterwards, waters tree rod and leaf with clear water, adds the bacterium branch equally between rod, uses the sand infill; Cultivate 4～5 layers with same method, the lid sand 8～10cm of the superiors covers one deck branches and leaves with heat and moisture preserving at last to a little more than ground, also can prevent rain drop erosion simultaneously.
4) choosing ground be 20 °～25 ° conceding the land to forestry forest land wholely selecting the gradient by the end of November, dig the pool by the pool apart from 1.2m in sylvan life, pool size is long 1m, wide 0.5m, 20cm deeply, 15 °～20 ° of pool bottom slopings.
5) plant and the field management pool is dug the back spread skim fallen leaves at the bottom of the pool, the new tree rod that is chopped to the fish scale mouth is tiled on the fallen leaves, and be 600mgL with concentration
-1Carbendazim and 300mgL
-1Hot sulphur spirit solution is sprayed, and squirts to spending to set rod and fallen leaves, and collection is simultaneously fallen leaves and sprayed with same agricultural chemicals, and is stand-by.The spray medicine carries out after 10 days that fiber crops are planted and the placement of bacterium material, and the bacterium material is wanted evenly during cultivation, the compartment of terrain is placed between the tree rod, and every pool bacterium material use quantity is 2～3,4 of tree rods.Fiber crops are planted when placing and connect halimasch near the bacterium material earlier so that fiber crops are planted as far as possible, add after fiber crops plant to be placed and to finish and bury and tamp all spaces, plant degree of being can see fiber crops, spread the fallen leaves that one deck had sprayed agricultural chemicals more thereon, afterwards earthing with 5cm above ground level about for well, cover branches and leaves at last in case the freeze injury of stagnant ice snow.In process of growth, enhance field management, note the adjusting of temp. and humidity.
6) first arrival in November of gathering can be gathered at the beginning of 12 months.
7) treatment effect adopts its disease incidence comparison of rhizoma Gastrodiae that this planting technology comes out according to having reduced by 4%, and the comparison of insect pest incidence is according to having reduced by 5%.
Embodiment 2
Repeat embodiment 1, following difference is arranged: in the step (1), before using 10 days of described fallen leaves, branch and tree rod are 400mgL with concentration
-1Thiophanate methyl solution is sprayed.
Embodiment 3
Repeat embodiment 1, following difference is arranged: in the step (5), tree rod and fallen leaves are 400mgL with concentration
-1Thiophanate methyl solution and 300mgL
-1Hot sulphur spirit solution is sprayed.
Claims (6)
1. the method for comprehensively preventing and controlling plant diseases and insect pests in of an artificial gastrodia cultivation under wild-simulated condition may further comprise the steps:
(1) the bacterium material is cultivated
1. the bacterium branch is cultivated: the branch of intercepting diameter 1～2cm, long 5～8cm is standby; Dig out the pitting of cultivating the bacterium branch, shop one deck is fallen leaves earlier at the end, hole, branch is nestled up to be placed on the leaf then, on branch, spread the three-class strain of one deck artificial culture equably, put one deck branch again, cover sand then, sandy soil thickness is just to cover branch completely and the space is as the criterion; Put 6～8 layers again with same operation sequence, the last sand of the thick 6～8cm of lid layer atop covers one deck branches and leaves on it again so that heat and moisture preserving was cultivated 40～60 days, and is standby;
2. the bacterium material is cultivated: gather diameter 3～6cm in June, the local broad-leaved tree branch of long 90cm is as the tree rod, is the fish scale mouth of 0.9～1.1cm deeply setting on the rod to cut out at interval by 6～10cm, and is standby; Dig the cultivation hole in the slope of 20 °～30 ° of the gradients, cheat dark 45～55cm, hole subsoil earth is dug pine be made into 15 °～20 ° the gradient, shop one deck fallen leaves, on leaf, put one deck tree rod, water tree rod and leaf with clear water, between rod and rod, add 4～5 in standby bacterium branch, cover and tamp space between rod with sand again; Repave the last layer fallen leaves afterwards, put into second layer tree rod, water, between rod, add the bacterium branch equally, cover and infill with sand with clear water; Cultivate 4～5 layers with same method, the lid sand 8～10cm of the superiors is to a little more than ground, cover at last one deck branches and leaves with heat and moisture preserving, prevent rain drop erosion;
(2) choosing ground and whole ground: selecting the gradient by the end of November is 20 °～30 ° forest land, digs the pool by the pool apart from 1～1.5m in sylvan life, and the dark 20～25cm in the pool, pool bottom sloping are 15 °～20 °;
(3) plant: the pool is dug the back and spread one deck fallen leaves at the bottom of the pool, the tree rod of cutting out the fish scale mouth is tiled on the fallen leaves, and is 400～800mgL with concentration
-1Thiophanate methyl or carbendazim and 200～500mgL
-1Hot sulphur spirit solution spray, squirt to spending to set rod and fallen leaves, collection is simultaneously fallen leaves and sprayed with same agricultural chemicals, and is standby; Carried out at interval behind the spray medicine that fiber crops are planted and the placement of bacterium material in 10 days, the bacterium material is wanted evenly during cultivation, the compartment of terrain is placed between the tree rod, and every pool bacterium material use quantity is 2～3,4～6 of tree rods; Fiber crops are planted when placing and connect halimasch near the bacterium material earlier so that fiber crops are planted as far as possible, add after fiber crops plant to be placed and to finish and bury and tamp all spaces, plant degree of being, spread the fallen leaves that one deck had sprayed agricultural chemicals more thereon can see fiber crops, earthing covers branches and leaves at last in case the freeze injury of stagnant ice snow afterwards; Manage with routine techniques in process of growth;
(4) gather: the first arrival in November was promptly gathered at the beginning of 12 months.
2. method according to claim 1 is characterized in that: in the step (1), the branch that is used for the cultivation of bacterium branch is the branch of Fagaceae seeds.
3. method according to claim 1 is characterized in that: in the step (1), the pitting of cultivation bacterium branch is wide to be 50cm, dark 30cm.
4. method according to claim 1 is characterized in that: in the step (1), and described fallen leaves, branch and tree rod, 10 days before using is 600～800mgL with concentration
-1Carbendazim or concentration be 400～600mgL
-1Thiophanate methyl solution is sprayed.
5. method according to claim 1 is characterized in that: in the step (2), the described pool is long to be 1m, wide 0.5m.
6. method according to claim 1 is characterized in that: in the step (3), and described earthing 4cm～6cm above ground level.
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