CN105309142B - Sexual propagation method for gastrodia elata - Google Patents
Sexual propagation method for gastrodia elata Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical field of agriculture, relates to a plant sexual propagation technology, and particularly relates to a sexual propagation method of gastrodia elata. Sequentially comprises nine steps of seed selection, germination acceleration, artificial pollination, bacterial material preparation, seed dressing, sowing, bacterial material transplanting culture, cultivation and harvesting. The invention solves the problems of seed nature degradation, low germination rate, easy infectious microbe infection, low 0 generation seed quality, low product yield and the like in the prior gastrodia elata planting process, and has the advantages of low infectious microbe infection rate, good growth vigor of target bacteria, high germination rate, good 0 generation seed quality, high and stable yield and good product quality in the cultivation process.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of agriculture, relates to a plant sexual propagation technology, and particularly relates to a sexual propagation method of gastrodia elata.
Background
Gastrodia elata (Gastrodia elata B1.) is also called as rhizoma Gastrodiae, is a perennial herb of Gastrodia elata in Orchidaceae, is distributed in most areas of China, is a relatively common and rare Chinese medicinal material, and before the 70 th century, commercial Gastrodia elata mainly depends on wild, so that the market demand of Gastrodia elata is larger and larger along with the understanding of people on the nutritional value of Gastrodia elata, and the requirement of people cannot be met by simply depending on wild resources. After the 70 s in the 20 th century, the scientists made their efforts to change the wild gastrodia elata into families, and the families of gastrodia elata became the main commodity source.
The characters of the gastrodia elata are degraded due to continuous cropping, multi-generation asexual propagation and the like in the cultivation process of the family gastrodia elata, so that the yield of the gastrodia elata is reduced, the gastrodia elata is small and slender, the yield of the rice hemp and the white hemp is greatly reduced, the color is ginger yellow or light brown, the stress resistance of the product is poor, and the original yield and characters cannot be fully reflected. In order to ensure the yield and quality of the gastrodia elata, sexual propagation technology is widely adopted in many areas for propagation and cultivation of the gastrodia elata at present. Chinese patent CN201310503267 discloses a high-yield cultivation method for sexual propagation of gastrodia elata, which realizes the sexual propagation of gastrodia elata through three steps of cultivation of associated bacteria, sowing of seed gastrodia elata, artificial pollination and cultivation of plastic bags. However, the prepared fungus materials and fungus leaves are not sterilized, the growth of mixed fungi cannot be inhibited, and the adopted capsules are not sown immediately after being picked, so that the germination rate of seeds is reduced to a certain extent. Chinese patent CN201210097434 discloses a gastrodia elata wild-imitating sexual propagation cultivation method, which comprises the steps of preparation of fallen leaves and cut logs, culture of germination bacteria, culture of armillaria mellea branches, preparation of seeds, land selection and preparation, sowing, field management, harvesting and the like. The cultivation method of the invention fully utilizes forest resources, develops the under-forest industry, harvests the under-forest non-forest products and reduces the damage to forest vegetation, and meanwhile, the method adopts the same growth environment as that of the wild gastrodia elata, thereby ensuring the land property of the cultivated gastrodia elata products, reducing the digging of the wild gastrodia elata and effectively protecting the wild gastrodia elata resources. However, the sexual propagation process of the gastrodia elata by the method cannot ensure the quality of 0 generation of seeds, the requirement on a production site is strict, and the method is not suitable for large-scale production.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a gastrodia elata sexual propagation method aiming at the problems of degeneration of seed properties, low germination rate, high possibility of being infected by infectious microbes, low quality of 0 generation seeds, low product yield and the like in the existing gastrodia elata planting process.
A gastrodia elata sexual propagation method is characterized by comprising the following steps:
1) seed selection: selecting plump kenaf with spindle shape, no plant diseases and insect pests, no mechanical damage and thick psittata as seed hemp;
2) accelerating germination: taking a 50-70cm multiplied by 20-30cm culture box soaked by a bactericide solution, paving one or a mixture of more than one of fine sand, moss and wood chips at the bottom of the culture box in any ratio, wherein the thickness is 3-5cm, placing 9-12 kenaf in each culture box, keeping the interval of 10-15cm, paving one or a mixture of more than one of fine sand, moss and wood chips in any ratio, wherein the thickness is 3-5cm, continuously sprinkling water during germination accelerating, maintaining the surface moisture content at 53-63%, and controlling the temperature at 16-25 ℃;
3) artificial pollination: carrying out artificial pollination after bolting and blooming of the Jute after germination acceleration;
4) preparing a bacterial material: a. preparing armillaria mellea strains: cutting the miscellaneous tree into small sections of 25-35cm in last 3 months every year, wherein each section is divided into three surfaces and is obliquely cut into fish scale shapes along the surfaces, and the distance between every two vertical scales is 3-5cm for later use; taking a fungus bag with the diameter of 20-22cm and the length of 45-50cm, spreading a halimasch culture medium with the thickness of 3cm at the bottom end, putting the prepared wood segments into the fungus bag, spreading the halimasch culture medium in gaps, sealing, carrying out normal pressure sterilization or high pressure sterilization or microwave sterilization, taking out, cooling, putting 3-5g halimasch into fish scales of each wood segment, and culturing at 15-28 ℃ for 2 months to obtain the required halimasch fungus material; the preparation method of the armillaria mellea culture medium comprises the following steps: 1-3 parts of wheat bran, 0.5-1 part of cane sugar and wood dust are complemented to 100 parts, evenly mixed and the water content is adjusted to 60-70%; b. preparing leaf and fungus materials: crushing dry fallen leaves into small pieces of 1-3cm multiplied by 3-5cm, uniformly mixing the small pieces with the un-crushed fallen leaves according to the mass ratio of 3: 1, soaking the small pieces in clear water for 12-24h, taking out the small pieces, draining off surface water, continuously soaking the small pieces in a bactericide solution for 15-20min, taking out the small pieces, measuring the water content of the fallen leaves, and controlling the water content of the fallen leaves to be 45% -60% to obtain leaf and fungus materials;
5) seed dressing: after the gastrodia elata capsules are mature, timely taking the mature capsules to be mixed with the germination bacteria, mixing 20 capsules in each bag of the germination bacteria, and uniformly mixing to obtain a germination bacteria seed mixture for later use;
6) sowing: removing surface fungus bag film from Armillaria mellea fungus material prepared in step 4), placing in a bed in parallel, controlling the distance between rows to be 5-10cm, then spreading a layer of germination bacteria seed mixture obtained in step 5) on the Armillaria mellea fungus material, and spreading 3 bags of germination bacteria/m2Then evenly spreading a layer of the leaf and fungus material in the step 4), wherein the spreading amount is 1-2kg/m2Spreading with fine sand with a thickness of 3cm, spreading the mixture of germination bacteria seeds in an amount of 3 bags/m2The spreading amount of the tree leaves and the fungus materials is 1-2kg/m2Then covering with fine sand, wherein the covering thickness is 10 cm; wherein the fine sand has the fineness of 10-20 meshes, the water content is 65-70%, the width of the ridge surface is 60-90cm, and the length is 220-300 cm;
7) culturing the transplanted bacteria: preparing transplanting fungus materials 90-120 days after sowing by adopting the method for culturing the armillaria mellea fungus materials in the step 4);
8) cultivation: step 7) Removing the fungus bag film on the surface of the fungus material after the fungus material is cultured, transplanting, sowing 6-8 seeds at four corners of each bag of fungus material, and covering with the leaf fungus material obtained in the step 4), wherein the covering amount is 0.5-1kg/m2Covering with sand with water content of 65-70% and thickness of 10cm, and performing management after transplanting to prevent winter freezing, rain damage and drought;
9) harvesting: collected after the gastrodia elata is ripe.
Wherein the incubator in the step 2) is a wooden box or a plastic box, and the fine sand, the moss and the sawdust are sieved by a sieve of 10-20 meshes after being crushed. The bactericide solution in the step 2) and the step 4) is obtained by uniformly mixing 0.1-0.3 part of carbendazim and 0.3-0.6 part of cydia-trapping agent, adding water to 100 parts of cydia-trapping agent and stirring for 3-5 min.
Preferably, the atmospheric sterilization in step 4) is carried out by placing the prepared wood on a food steamer and sterilizing with steam for 48 h. The autoclaving condition is 110-130MPa, and the sterilization time is 15-35 min. The microwave sterilization condition is microwave dosage of 0.015-0.1kw/kg, and treatment time is 10-15 min.
The method solves the problems of low seed germination rate, low product yield, serious seed dissimilarity, poor 0 generation seed quality and the like in the conventional gastrodia elata cultivation process, and ensures the product quality and yield by level from the selection of gastrodia elata to the harvest of the product. The invention has the following advantages:
the infectious rate of the mixed bacteria is low, and the growth vigor of the target bacteria is good: in the preparation process of the fungus material, the fungus material is soaked in clear water and then soaked in the bactericide solution for sterilization treatment, so that the growth and propagation of harmful microorganisms in and on the surface of the fungus material are effectively inhibited. In addition, one of normal-pressure long-time sterilization, high-pressure short-time sterilization and microwave sterilization is adopted in the preparation process of the cultivation bacterial material, and the sterilization condition is determined after strict experimental study, so that the sterilization condition is more suitable for the cultivation bacterial material, has more pertinence, and reduces the influence of the mixed bacteria on the target bacteria to the maximum extent. The wood is inoculated after being soaked for a long time, so that the humidity required by the growth of target bacteria is ensured. Meanwhile, the long-time soaking reduces the moisture gradient inside and outside the fungus material, and ensures the sufficient moisture of the target fungus in the whole growth process. The crushed leaves and the un-crushed leaves are mixed for use in the preparation process of the tree leaves and the fungus materials, so that the contact area of the strains and the fungus leaves is increased, meanwhile, sufficient space is ensured in the whole environment, and sufficient oxygen supply in the growth process of the strains is ensured. Therefore, the gastrodia elata cultivated by the method has low infectious microbe infection rate and good growth vigor of target bacteria in the cultivation process.
High germination rate and good quality of 0 generation seeds: in the invention, strict quality control is started from the selection of the ambary during the cultivation of the gastrodia elata, and the ambary with a stout psittachthys is selected as the seed hemp for cultivation during the seed selection, thereby ensuring the quality of the original hemp seed. After seed selection, the germination accelerating procedure of the kenaf is added, and all conditions are strictly controlled in the germination accelerating process, so that the germination rate of the product is increased, and the number of invalid seeds is reduced. After high-quality ramie seeds are bloomed, artificial insemination is performed, and individuals with better quality are selected to perform self-flower or cross-flower pollination to ensure the quality of seeds. The sowing process adopts the following-harvesting and following-sowing, and the proportion between the germination bacteria and the seeds is strictly controlled, so that the activity and the germination rate of the seeds are high, and the quality of 0 generation of seeds is ensured. The culture of the armillaria mellea starts from the middle ten days of March, ensures the sufficient culture time and growth amount of the armillaria mellea, and provides sufficient nutrient supply for the growth of the gastrodia elata. Meanwhile, the armillaria mellea material required for sowing and the armillaria mellea material required for transplanting are prepared respectively, so that the requirement of the gastrodia elata in each growth age group on nutrition is guaranteed. Therefore, when the method is used for cultivating the gastrodia elata, the germination rate of the gastrodia elata and the seeds is high, and the quality of 0 generation of seeds is good.
High and stable yield and good quality: the method for cultivating the gastrodia elata has the advantages that the gastrodia elata is cultivated from seed selection to collection, and the gastrodia elata is prepared to cultivated, all points including moisture, temperature, oxygen content and the like have strict control standards, so that the yield of the gastrodia elata is high, the yield is stable, and the product quality is good.
The indexes of the gastrodia elata cultivated by the method and the gastrodia elata cultivated by the traditional method are shown in table 1.
TABLE 1 comparison of the quality of Gastrodia elata cultivated by the present invention and conventional cultivation method
As can be seen from Table 1, the yield, gastrodin content, polysaccharide content and the like of the gastrodia elata cultivated by the method are better than those of the gastrodia elata cultivated by the traditional cultivation method, and the gastrodia elata cultivated by the method is high in yield and good in quality.
Detailed Description
The present invention will now be further described with reference to specific embodiments, which are described by way of example only and are not intended to be limiting. Various changes or modifications made by those skilled in the art according to the spirit of the present invention also fall within the scope of the present invention.
Example 1
A sexual propagation method for rhizoma Gastrodiae comprises the following steps:
1. seed selection: selecting plump kenaf with spindle shape, no plant diseases and insect pests, no mechanical damage and thick psittata as seed hemp;
2. accelerating germination: taking a 50cm multiplied by 20cm wooden incubator soaked by a bactericide solution, flatly laying fine sand with the fineness of 10 meshes and the thickness of 3-5cm at the bottom, placing 9 arugula in each incubator, keeping the interval of 10cm, flatly laying the fine sand with the thickness of 3cm, continuously sprinkling water during germination accelerating, maintaining the surface moisture content at 53%, and controlling the germination accelerating temperature at 16 ℃;
3. artificial pollination: carrying out artificial self-pollination on the Jute after bolting and flowering after the germination acceleration;
4. preparing a bacterial material: a. preparing armillaria mellea strains: cutting the miscellaneous tree into small sections of 25cm in the last ten days of 3 months every year, wherein each section is divided into three surfaces and is obliquely cut into fish scale shapes along the surface, and the distance between every two vertical scales is 3cm for later use; taking a fungus bag with the diameter of 20cm and the length of 45cm, filling 3cm of an armillaria mellea culture medium into the bottom end of the fungus bag, filling the prepared wood sections into the fungus bag, scattering the armillaria mellea culture medium into gaps, sealing, placing on a food steamer, sterilizing by adopting steam for 48h, taking out, cooling, filling 3g of armillaria mellea into fish scales of each wood section, controlling the culture temperature to be 15 ℃, and culturing for 2 months to obtain required armillaria mellea fungus materials; the preparation method of the armillaria mellea culture medium comprises the following steps: 1 part by weight of wheat bran, 0.5 part by weight of cane sugar and wood dust are complemented to 100 parts, and the mixture is uniformly mixed, and the water content is adjusted to 60%; b. preparing leaf and fungus materials: pulverizing dry fallen leaves into small pieces of 1-3cm × 3-5cm, mixing with un-pulverized fallen leaves at a ratio of 3: 1, soaking in clear water for 12 hr, taking out, draining off surface water, soaking in a disinfectant solution for 15min, taking out, measuring water content of fallen leaves, and controlling water content of fallen leaves to 45% to obtain leaf and fungus material;
5. seed dressing: after the gastrodia elata capsules are mature, timely mixing the mature capsules with germination bacteria, mixing 20 capsules in each bag of germination bacteria, and uniformly mixing to obtain a germination bacteria seed mixture for later use;
6. sowing: removing surface fungus bag film from Armillaria mellea fungus material obtained in step 4, placing in a furrow in parallel, controlling the row spacing to be 5-10cm, then scattering a layer of germination bacteria seed mixture obtained in step 5 on the Armillaria mellea fungus material, and spreading 3 bags of germination bacteria/m2Then evenly spreading a layer of the leaf and fungus material in the step 4, wherein the spreading amount is 1kg/m2Spreading fine sand with a thickness of 3cm, spreading the mixture of germination bacteria seeds in an amount of 3 bags of germination bacteria/m2The spreading amount of the tree leaves and the fungus materials is 1kg/m2Covering fine sand with the thickness of 10 cm; wherein the fine sand has the fineness of 10 meshes, the water content is 65%, the width of the ridge surface is 60cm, and the length is 220 cm;
7. culturing the transplanted bacteria: preparing transplanting fungus materials 90 days after sowing by adopting the method for culturing the armillaria mellea fungus materials in the step 4;
8. cultivation: after the fungus material cultivation in the step 7 is finished, removing fungus bag films on the surfaces of the fungus materials, transplanting, sowing 6 seeds at four corners of each bag of fungus materials, and then covering with the leaf fungus materials in the step 4, wherein the covering amount is 0.5kg/m2Covering with sand with water content of 65% and thickness of 10cm, and performing management after transplanting to prevent winter freezing, rain damage and drought;
9. harvesting: collected after the gastrodia elata is ripe.
Wherein, the bactericide solution in the steps 1 and 4 is obtained by uniformly mixing 0.1 part of carbendazim and 0.3 part of cybutrin, adding water to 100 parts, and stirring for 3-5 min.
The yield and relative quality of the gastrodia elata produced by the method are shown in table 2.
TABLE 2 quality and yield of Gastrodia elata cultivated in this example
Example 2
A gastrodia elata sexual propagation method is characterized by comprising the following steps:
1. seed selection: selecting plump kenaf with spindle shape, no plant diseases and insect pests, no mechanical damage and thick psittata as seed hemp;
2. accelerating germination: soaking 60cm × 60cm × 25cm wood cultivation boxes with bactericide solution, spreading moss with fineness of 20 meshes at the bottom of the cultivation boxes, placing 10 Arundina chinensis in each cultivation box, keeping the interval of 13cm, spreading moss with thickness of 3-5cm, continuously sprinkling water during germination accelerating period, maintaining the surface water content at 55%, and controlling the temperature at 20 deg.C;
3. artificial pollination: carrying out artificial pollination and cross pollination on the Jute after bolting and blooming;
4. preparing a bacterial material: a. preparing armillaria mellea strains: cutting the miscellaneous tree into small sections of 30cm in the last ten days of 3 months every year, wherein each section is divided into three surfaces and is obliquely cut into fish scale shapes along the surface, and the distance between every two vertical scales is 5cm for standby; taking a fungus bag with the diameter of 21cm and the length of 47cm, filling 3cm of an Armillaria mellea culture medium at the bottom end, filling the prepared wood segments into the fungus bag, spreading the Armillaria mellea culture medium at the gap, sealing, sterilizing at the pressure of 110MPa for 35min, taking out, cooling, filling 4g of Armillaria mellea into fish scales of each wood segment, and culturing at the culture temperature of 20 ℃ for 2 months to obtain the required Armillaria mellea fungus material; the preparation method of the armillaria mellea culture medium comprises the following steps: 2 parts of wheat bran, 1 part of cane sugar and wood dust are added to 100 parts, the mixture is uniformly mixed, and the water content is adjusted to 65%; b. preparing leaf and fungus materials: pulverizing dry fallen leaves into small pieces of 1-3cm × 3-5cm, mixing with un-pulverized fallen leaves at a ratio of 3: 1, soaking in clear water for 15h, taking out, draining off surface water, soaking in a disinfectant solution for 18min, taking out, measuring water content of fallen leaves, and controlling water content of fallen leaves to be 50% to obtain leaf and fungus material;
5. seed dressing: after the gastrodia elata capsules are mature, timely mixing the mature capsules with germination bacteria, mixing 20 capsules in each bag of germination bacteria, and uniformly mixing to obtain a germination bacteria seed mixture for later use;
6. sowing: removing surface fungus bag film from Armillaria mellea fungus material prepared in step 4, placing in a furrow in parallel, controlling the distance between rows to be 5-10cm, then scattering a layer of germination fungus seed mixture obtained in step 5 on the Armillaria mellea fungus material, and spreading 3 bags of germination fungus/m2Then evenly spreading a layer of the leaf and fungus material in the step 4, wherein the spreading amount is 1.5kg/m2Uniformly spreading fine sand with a thickness of 3cm after spreading, repeatedly spreading germination bacteria seed mixture in a spreading amount of 3 bags of germination bacteria/m2The spreading amount of the tree leaves and the fungus materials is 1.5kg/m2Then covering fine sand with the thickness of 10 cm; wherein the fine sand has the fineness of 20 meshes, the water content is 70%, the width of the ridge surface is 90cm, and the length of the ridge surface is 300 cm;
7. culturing the transplanted bacteria: after 100 days of sowing, adopting the method for culturing the armillaria mellea fungus material in the step 4 to prepare a transplanting fungus material;
8. cultivation: after the fungus material cultivation in the step 7 is finished, removing fungus bag films on the surfaces of the fungus materials, transplanting, uniformly sowing 8 seeds at four corners of each bag of fungus materials, and then covering with the leaf fungus materials in the step 4, wherein the covering amount is 1kg/m2Covering with sand with water content of 70% and thickness of 10cm, transplanting, and managing to prevent winter freezing, rain damage and drought;
9. harvesting: collected after the gastrodia elata is ripe.
Wherein, the bactericide solution in the steps 1 and 4 is obtained by uniformly mixing 0.3 part of carbendazim and 0.6 part of cybutrin, adding water to 100 parts, and stirring for 3-5 min.
The yield and relative quality of gastrodia elata produced by the method are shown in table 3.
TABLE 3 quality and yield of Gastrodia elata cultivated in this example
Example 3
1. Seed selection: selecting plump kenaf with spindle shape, no plant diseases and insect pests, no mechanical damage and thick psittata as seed hemp;
2. accelerating germination: taking 70cm × 70cm × 30cm plastic incubator soaked by bactericide solution, paving 5cm sawdust with 10 meshes of bottom and 5cm of thickness, placing 12 agave in each incubator, keeping interval of 10cm, paving 10 meshes sawdust with 3-5cm of thickness, continuously watering during germination accelerating period, maintaining surface moisture content at 63%, and controlling temperature at 25 ℃;
3. artificial pollination: carrying out artificial pollination and self-pollination on the Jute after bolting and blooming;
4. preparing a bacterial material: a. preparing armillaria mellea strains: cutting miscellaneous trees into 35cm small sections in the last ten days of 3 months every year, wherein each section is divided into three surfaces and is obliquely cut into fish scale shapes along the surface, and the distance between every two vertical scales is 5cm for later use; taking a fungus bag with the diameter of 22cm and the length of 50cm, filling 3cm of armillaria mellea culture medium into the bottom end of the fungus bag, filling the prepared wood sections into the fungus bag, scattering the armillaria mellea culture medium into gaps, sealing, adopting a microwave dose of 0.015kw/kg, taking out after the treatment time is 15min, cooling, filling 5g of armillaria mellea into fish scales of each wood section, and culturing at 28 ℃ for 2 months to obtain the required armillaria mellea fungus material; the preparation method of the armillaria mellea culture medium comprises the following steps: 3 parts of wheat bran, 1 part of cane sugar and wood dust are added to 100 parts, the mixture is uniformly mixed, and the water content is adjusted to 65%; b. preparing leaf and fungus materials: pulverizing dry fallen leaves into small pieces of 1-3cm × 3-5cm, mixing with un-pulverized fallen leaves at a ratio of 3: 1, soaking in clear water for 24 hr, taking out, draining off surface water, soaking in a disinfectant solution for 20min, taking out, measuring water content of fallen leaves, and controlling water content of fallen leaves to 60% to obtain leaf and fungus material;
5. seed dressing: after the gastrodia elata capsules are mature, timely mixing the mature capsules with germination bacteria, mixing 20 capsules in each bag of germination bacteria, and uniformly mixing to obtain a germination bacteria seed mixture for later use;
6. sowing: removing surface fungus bag film from Armillaria mellea fungus material obtained in step 4, placing in a furrow in parallel, controlling the row spacing to be 5-10cm, then scattering a layer of germination bacteria seed mixture obtained in step 5 on the Armillaria mellea fungus material, and spreading 3 bags of germination bacteria/m2Then evenly spreading a layer of the leaf and fungus material in the step 4, wherein the spreading amount is 2kg/m2Spreading a layer of fine sand with a thickness of 3cm uniformly after spreading, spreading the germination bacteria seed mixture repeatedly with a spreading amount of 3 bags of germination bacteria/m2The spreading amount of the tree leaves and the fungus materials is 2kg/m2Then covering fine sand with the thickness of 10 cm; wherein the fineness of the fine sand is 10 meshes, the water content is 65%, the width of the ridge surface is 80cm, and the length of the ridge surface is 250 cm;
7. culturing the transplanted bacteria: after 120 days of sowing, adopting the method for culturing the armillaria mellea fungus material in the step 4 to prepare a transplanting fungus material;
8. cultivation: after the fungus material cultivation in the step 7 is finished, removing fungus bag films on the surfaces of the fungus materials, transplanting, sowing 8 seeds at four corners of each bag of fungus materials, and then covering with the leaf fungus materials in the step 4, wherein the covering amount is 1kg/m2Covering with sand with water content of 68% and thickness of 10cm, and performing intensive management after transplanting to prevent winter freezing, rain damage and drought;
9. harvesting: collected after the gastrodia elata is ripe.
Wherein, the bactericide solution in the steps 1 and 4 is obtained by uniformly mixing 0.2 part of carbendazim and 0.5 part of cybutrin, adding water to 100 parts, and stirring for 3-5 min.
The yield and the related quality of the gastrodia elata produced by the method are shown in table 4.
TABLE 4 quality and yield of Gastrodia elata cultivated in this example
Example 4
A gastrodia elata sexual propagation method is characterized by comprising the following steps:
1. seed selection: selecting plump kenaf with spindle shape, no plant diseases and insect pests, no mechanical damage and thick psittata as seed hemp;
2. accelerating germination: taking a 60cm × 60cm × 25cm wooden incubator soaked by a bactericide solution, flatly laying three equal mixtures of moss, fine sand and wood chips with the fineness of 20 meshes at the bottom of the incubator, wherein 10 arrow hemp seeds are placed in each incubator at intervals of 13cm, flatly laying the equal mixtures of moss, fine sand and wood chips with the thickness of 3-5cm, continuously sprinkling water during germination accelerating, maintaining the surface moisture content at 55%, and controlling the temperature at 20 ℃;
3. artificial pollination: carrying out artificial pollination and cross pollination on the Jute after bolting and blooming;
4. preparing a bacterial material: a. preparing armillaria mellea strains: cutting the miscellaneous tree into small sections of 30cm in the last ten days of 3 months every year, wherein each section is divided into three surfaces and is obliquely cut into fish scale shapes along the surface, and the distance between every two vertical scales is 5cm for standby; taking a fungus bag with the diameter of 21cm and the length of 47cm, filling 3cm of an Armillaria mellea culture medium at the bottom end, filling the prepared wood segments into the fungus bag, spreading the Armillaria mellea culture medium at the gap, sealing, sterilizing at the pressure of 130MPa for 15min, taking out, cooling, filling 4g of Armillaria mellea into fish scales of each wood segment, and culturing at the culture temperature of 20 ℃ for 2 months to obtain the required Armillaria mellea fungus material; the preparation method of the armillaria mellea culture medium comprises the following steps: 2 parts of wheat bran, 1 part of cane sugar and wood dust are added to 100 parts, the mixture is uniformly mixed, and the water content is adjusted to 65%; b. preparing leaf and fungus materials: pulverizing dry fallen leaves into small pieces of 1-3cm × 3-5cm, mixing with un-pulverized fallen leaves at a ratio of 3: 1, soaking in clear water for 15h, taking out, draining off surface water, soaking in a disinfectant solution for 18min, taking out, measuring water content of fallen leaves, and controlling water content of fallen leaves to be 50% to obtain leaf and fungus material;
5. seed dressing: after the gastrodia elata capsules are mature, timely mixing the mature capsules with germination bacteria, mixing 20 capsules in each bag of germination bacteria, and uniformly mixing to obtain a germination bacteria seed mixture for later use;
6. sowing: removing surface fungus bag film from Armillaria mellea fungus material prepared in step 4, placing in a furrow in parallel, controlling the distance between rows to be 5-10cm, then scattering a layer of germination fungus seed mixture obtained in step 5 on the Armillaria mellea fungus material, and spreading 3 bags of germination fungus/m2Then evenly spreading a layer of the leaf and fungus material in the step 4, wherein the spreading amount is 1.5kg/m2Then evenly spreading a layer of fine sand with the thickness of 3cm, repeatedly spreading the germination bacteria seed mixture with the spreading amount of 3 bags of germination bacteria/m2The spreading amount of the tree leaves and the fungus materials is 1.5kg/m2Then covering a layer of fine sand with the thickness of 10 cm; wherein the fine sand has the fineness of 20 meshes, the water content is 70%, the width of the ridge surface is 90cm, and the length of the ridge surface is 300 cm;
7. culturing the transplanted bacteria: after 100 days of sowing, adopting the method for culturing the armillaria mellea fungus material in the step 4 to prepare a transplanting fungus material;
8. cultivation: after the fungus material cultivation in the step 7 is finished, removing fungus bag films on the surfaces of the fungus materials, transplanting, uniformly sowing 8 seeds at four corners of each bag of fungus materials, and then covering with the leaf fungus materials in the step 4, wherein the covering amount is 1kg/m2Covering with sand with water content of 70% and thickness of 10cm, transplanting, and managing to prevent winter freezing, rain damage and drought;
9. harvesting: collected after the gastrodia elata is ripe.
Wherein, the bactericide solution in the steps 1 and 4 is obtained by uniformly mixing 0.3 part of carbendazim and 0.6 part of cybutrin, adding water to 100 parts, and stirring for 3-5 min.
The yield and relative quality of gastrodia elata produced by the method are shown in table 5.
TABLE 5 quality and yield of Gastrodia elata cultivated in this example
Example 5
1. Seed selection: selecting plump kenaf with spindle shape, no plant diseases and insect pests, no mechanical damage and thick psittata as seed hemp;
2. accelerating germination: taking 70cm × 70cm × 30cm plastic incubator soaked by bactericide solution, paving 5cm sawdust with 10 meshes of bottom and 5cm of thickness, placing 12 agave in each incubator, keeping interval of 10cm, paving 10 meshes sawdust with 3-5cm of thickness, continuously watering during germination accelerating period, maintaining surface moisture content at 63%, and controlling temperature at 25 ℃;
3. artificial pollination: carrying out artificial pollination and self-pollination on the Jute after bolting and blooming;
4. preparing a bacterial material: a. preparing armillaria mellea strains: cutting miscellaneous trees into 35cm small sections in the last ten days of 3 months every year, wherein each section is divided into three surfaces and is obliquely cut into fish scale shapes along the surface, and the distance between every two vertical scales is 5cm for later use; taking a fungus bag with the diameter of 22cm and the length of 50cm, filling 3cm of an armillaria mellea culture medium into the bottom end of the fungus bag, filling the prepared wood sections into the fungus bag, scattering the armillaria mellea culture medium into gaps, sealing, adopting a microwave dose of 0.1kw/kg, taking out after the treatment time is 10min, cooling, filling 5g of armillaria mellea into fish scales of each wood section, and culturing at 28 ℃ for 2 months to obtain the required armillaria mellea fungus material; the preparation method of the armillaria mellea culture medium comprises the following steps: 3 parts of wheat bran, 1 part of cane sugar and wood dust are added to 100 parts, the mixture is uniformly mixed, and the water content is adjusted to 65%; b. preparing leaf and fungus materials: pulverizing dry fallen leaves into small pieces of 1-3cm × 3-5cm, mixing with un-pulverized fallen leaves at a ratio of 3: 1, soaking in clear water for 24 hr, taking out, draining off surface water, soaking in a disinfectant solution for 20min, taking out, measuring water content of fallen leaves, and controlling water content of fallen leaves to 60% to obtain leaf and fungus material;
5. seed dressing: after the gastrodia elata capsules are mature, timely mixing the mature capsules with germination bacteria, mixing 20 capsules in each bag of germination bacteria, and uniformly mixing to obtain a germination bacteria seed mixture for later use;
6. sowing: removing surface fungus bag film from Armillaria mellea fungus material obtained in step 4, placing in a furrow in parallel, controlling the row spacing to be 5-10cm, then scattering a layer of germination bacteria seed mixture obtained in step 5 on the Armillaria mellea fungus material, and spreading 3 bags of germination bacteria/m2Then evenly spreading a layer of the leaf and fungus material in the step 4, wherein the spreading amount is 2kg/m2Then evenly spreading a layer of fine sand with the thickness of 3cm, repeatedly spreading the germination bacteria seed mixture with the spreading amount of 3 bags of germination bacteria/m2The spreading amount of the tree leaves and the fungus materials is 2kg/m2Then covering fine sand with the thickness of 10 cm; wherein the fineness of the fine sand is 10 meshes, the water content is 65%, the width of the ridge surface is 80cm, and the length of the ridge surface is 250 cm;
7. culturing the transplanted bacteria: after 120 days of sowing, adopting the method for culturing the armillaria mellea fungus material in the step 4 to prepare a transplanting fungus material;
8. cultivation: after the fungus material culture in the step 7 is finished, removing the fungus bag film on the surface of the fungus materialTransplanting, sowing 8 seeds at four corners of each bag of the fungus material, and then covering with the leaf fungus material in the step 4, wherein the covering amount is 1kg/m2Covering with sand with water content of 68% and thickness of 10cm, and performing intensive management after transplanting to prevent winter freezing, rain damage and drought;
9. harvesting: collected after the gastrodia elata is ripe.
Wherein, the bactericide solution in the steps 1 and 4 is obtained by uniformly mixing 0.2 part of carbendazim and 0.5 part of cybutrin, adding water to 100 parts, and stirring for 3-5 min.
The yield and relative quality of gastrodia elata produced by the method are shown in table 6.
TABLE 6 quality and yield of Gastrodia elata cultivated in this example
Claims (7)
1. A gastrodia elata sexual propagation method is characterized by comprising the following steps:
1) seed selection: selecting plump kenaf with spindle shape, no plant diseases and insect pests, no mechanical damage and thick psittata as seed hemp;
2) accelerating germination: taking a 50-70cm multiplied by 20-30cm culture box soaked by a bactericide solution, paving one or a mixture of more than one of fine sand, moss and wood chips at the bottom of the culture box in any ratio, wherein the thickness is 3-5cm, placing 9-12 kenaf in each box, keeping the interval between the fine sand, the moss and the wood chips at 10-15cm, paving one or more than one of fine sand, moss and wood chips in any ratio and the mixture at 3-5cm, continuously sprinkling water during germination accelerating, maintaining the surface moisture content at 53-63%, and controlling the temperature at 16-25 ℃;
3) artificial pollination: carrying out artificial pollination after bolting and blooming of the Jute after germination acceleration;
4) preparing a bacterial material: a. preparing armillaria mellea strains: cutting the miscellaneous tree into small sections of 25-35cm in last 3 months every year, wherein each section is divided into three surfaces and is obliquely cut into fish scale shapes along the surface, and the distance between every two vertical fish scales is 3-5cm for later use; taking a fungus bag with the diameter of 20-22cm and the length of 45-50cm, spreading a honey fungus culture medium with the thickness of 3cm at the bottom end, putting the prepared wood sections into the fungus bag, spreading the honey fungus culture medium in gaps, sealing, carrying out normal pressure sterilization or high pressure sterilization or microwave sterilization, taking out, cooling, putting 3-5g of honey fungus into fish scales of each wood section, and culturing at 15-28 ℃ for 2 months to obtain the required honey fungus material; the preparation method of the armillaria mellea culture medium comprises the following steps: 1-3 parts of wheat bran, 0.5-1 part of cane sugar and wood dust are complemented to 100 parts, evenly mixed and the water content is adjusted to 60-70%; b. preparing leaf and fungus materials: crushing dry fallen leaves into small pieces of 1-3cm multiplied by 3-5cm, uniformly mixing the small pieces with the un-crushed fallen leaves according to the mass ratio of 3: 1, soaking the small pieces in clear water for 12-24h, taking out the small pieces, draining off surface water, continuously soaking the small pieces in a bactericide solution for 15-20min, taking out the small pieces, measuring the water content of the fallen leaves, and controlling the water content of the fallen leaves to be 45% -60% to obtain leaf and fungus materials;
5) seed dressing: after the gastrodia elata capsules are mature, timely taking the mature capsules to be mixed with the germination bacteria, mixing 20 capsules in each bag of the germination bacteria, and uniformly mixing to obtain a germination bacteria seed mixture for later use;
6) sowing: removing surface fungus bag films from the armillaria mellea fungus materials prepared in the step 4), placing the armillaria mellea fungus materials in parallel in a ridge, controlling the width of the ridge surface to be 60-90cm and the length to be 220-300cm, controlling the distance between every two rows to be 5-10cm, and then scattering a layer of germination fungus seed mixture obtained in the step 5) on the armillaria mellea fungus materials, wherein the scattering amount is 3 bags of germination fungus/m2Then evenly spreading a layer of the leaf and fungus material in the step 4), wherein the spreading amount is 1-2kg/m2After being paved, the mixture is covered by fine sand, and the covering thickness is 3 cm; then, the mixture of the germination bacteria seeds is repeatedly paved, and the spreading amount is 3 bags of germination bacteria/m2The spreading amount of the tree leaves and the fungus materials is 1-2kg/m2Then covering with fine sand, wherein the covering thickness is 10 cm; wherein the fine sand has the fineness of 10-20 meshes and the water content of 65-70 percent;
7) culturing the transplanted bacteria: preparing transplanting fungus materials by adopting the method for preparing the armillaria mellea fungus materials in the step 4) after 90-120 days of sowing;
8) cultivation: after the culture of the transplanted fungus materials in the step 7) is finished, removing the fungus bag film on the surface of the transplanted fungus materials, transplanting, sowing 6-8 seeds at four corners of each bag of the transplanted fungus materials, and then covering with the leaf fungus materials in the step 4) with the covering amountIs 0.5-1kg/m2Then covering with sand with water content of 65-70% and thickness of 10cm, and performing intensive management after transplanting, and preventing winter freezing, rain damage and drought;
9) harvesting: collected after the gastrodia elata is ripe.
2. The sexual reproduction method of Gastrodia elata Blume of claim 1, wherein the cultivation box in step 2) is a wooden box or a plastic box.
3. The sexual reproduction method of Gastrodia elata Blume of claim 1, wherein in step 2) said fine sand, moss and wood dust are ground and sieved through a 10-20 mesh sieve.
4. The sexual propagation method of Gastrodia elata Blume as claimed in claim 1, wherein the bactericide solution in step 2) and 4) is prepared by mixing 0.1-0.3 part of carbendazim and 0.3-0.6 part of metronidazole, adding water to 100 parts, and stirring for 3-5 min.
5. The sexual reproduction method of Gastrodia elata Blume as claimed in claim 1, wherein the atmospheric sterilization in step 4) is carried out by placing the prepared wood on a steamer and sterilizing with steam for 48 h.
6. The sexual reproduction method of Gastrodia elata as claimed in claim 1, wherein the autoclaving condition in step 4) is pressure of 110-.
7. The sexual reproduction method of Gastrodia elata Blume as claimed in claim 1, wherein the microwave sterilization condition in step 4) is microwave dose of 0.015-0.1kw/kg, and treatment time is 10-15 min.
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| CN108293825A (en) * | 2016-08-27 | 2018-07-20 | 杜名胜 | Short section wood clinker cultivates Rhizoma Gastrodiae new technology |
| CN106508359A (en) * | 2016-10-25 | 2017-03-22 | 成都中医药大学 | Method for cultivating gastrodia elata |
| CN106688871A (en) * | 2016-11-18 | 2017-05-24 | 遵义仙人岩种养殖有限公司 | Highly-efficient sexual propagation method for gastrodia tuber |
| CN107197668B (en) * | 2017-05-27 | 2020-04-28 | 贵州省德均农特产品开发有限公司 | Gastrodia elata planting method |
| CN108668816A (en) * | 2018-05-22 | 2018-10-19 | 昭通市天麻研究院 | A kind of imitative Wild gastrodia cultural method |
| CN108934880B (en) * | 2018-08-24 | 2020-10-16 | 李昌发 | A kind of irrigation cultivation method of Tianma paddy field |
| CN109526653A (en) * | 2019-01-14 | 2019-03-29 | 铁佛寺镇合村利民中药材农业专业合作社 | A kind of gastrodin cultivation method of high yield |
| CN111642344A (en) * | 2019-02-25 | 2020-09-11 | 十堰市农业科学院 | Method for efficiently cultivating gastrodia elata seeds indoors in alkaline water source area |
| CN110115215B (en) * | 2019-05-15 | 2021-06-18 | 重庆三峡云海药业股份有限公司 | High-quality and high-yield seed production method for gastrodia elata seed |
| CN111567346A (en) * | 2020-05-13 | 2020-08-25 | 达州市农业科学研究院 | Gastrodia elata capsule twice-sowing method |
| CN113557921B (en) * | 2021-07-22 | 2022-12-23 | 南漳致远农业科技有限公司 | A method of recovering the original population of wild Gastrodia elata in Shennongjia |
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