CN104663404A - Breeding method for gastrodia elata - Google Patents
Breeding method for gastrodia elata Download PDFInfo
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- CN104663404A CN104663404A CN201510101686.8A CN201510101686A CN104663404A CN 104663404 A CN104663404 A CN 104663404A CN 201510101686 A CN201510101686 A CN 201510101686A CN 104663404 A CN104663404 A CN 104663404A
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- rhizoma gastrodiae
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G31/00—Soilless cultivation, e.g. hydroponics
Abstract
The invention discloses a breeding method for gastrodia elata. After cunninghamia lanceolata sawdust and shale-free sand are uniformly stirred, the stirred substance is sprayed with water to be wet and the wet substance replaces sandy soil as a substrate, so that the weight of each breeding bag filled with gastrodia elata seeds is reduced from 15-20kg to 7-8kg, the labor intensity is reduced, and the cost input is reduced; when the breeding bags are placed under shading woods, no covering is needed, the management is facilitated, and the yield is stable; the yield of the gastrodia elata is increased from about 0.2kg of each bag on average in the past to over 0.8kg of each bag, and planting benefits are remarkably improved.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to rhizoma Gastrodiae breeding technical field, be specifically related to that a kind of germination rate is high, output is high, adaptable rhizoma Gastrodiae breeding method.
Background technology
Rhizoma Gastrodiae, also known as rhizoma gastrodiae, is the orchid family Gastrodia herbaceos perennial, root-like stock is plump, and without greenery, the capsule shape of falling ovum is oval, normal with stem tuber or seminal propagation, its rhizome be used as medicine to have a dizzy spell in order to treatment, the disease such as extremity numbness, child convulsion, be famous and precious Chinese medicine.
Because the medical value of rhizoma Gastrodiae is high, market demand is very big, therefore the rhizoma Gastrodiae state that is always in that supply falls short of demand.From nineteen seventies, just there is a lot of research to rhizoma Gastrodiae Propogation and culture technology, but immature due to rhizoma Gastrodiae Cultivating techniques, hinder the development of rhizoma Gastrodiae plant husbandry.
The growth of rhizoma Gastrodiae is that do not need to absorb nutrient from soil, soil only plays matrix to be fixed, and therefore develops packed Gastrodia method for planting gradually by close ring bacterium for giving nutrition.Current packed rhizoma Gastrodiae breeding method generally adopts sandy soil to be laid on as matrix and cultivates bag bottom, the seeds of Gastrodia elata that one deck has been sprouted is placed above matrix, place bacterium material and close ring bacterium, and then put the seeds of Gastrodia elata that one deck sprouted, cover the matrix after 10cm, cultivation bag is tied, is placed into selected place, then at the outside mulching soil of cultivation bag; Such rhizoma Gastrodiae is self-sow in cultivation bag, and extremely then autumn, rhizoma Gastrodiae zero generation kind grows up to, and grows up to, torn by cultivation bag, matrix poured out to rhizoma Gastrodiae generation kind in autumn next year, takes out rhizoma Gastrodiae hoary hair fiber crops and plants, breeding ends.But, adopt during above-mentioned packed breeding method and need at the outer mulching soil of cultivation bag, because blinding is thicker, the soil temperature that rhizoma Gastrodiae sprouts layer be cannot get up, rhizoma Gastrodiae is perishable, causes that rhizoma Gastrodiae germination rate is low, output is not high, and the labour cost of simultaneously cultivating rhizoma Gastrodiae and collecting tuber of elevated gastrodia is higher.
Summary of the invention
The object of the present invention is to provide that a kind of germination rate is high, output is high, adaptable rhizoma Gastrodiae breeding method.
The object of the present invention is achieved like this, and comprise seed selection, seed germination cultivates and hoary hair fiber crops are cultivated, concrete steps are:
A, seed selection: select face shaping good, numb without the arrow fiber crops conduct kind of damage by disease and insect, not damaged, the rotten spot of nothing, nothing deformity, after plantation, cultivate ripe seeds of Gastrodia elata through artificial pollination; Selecting the Germination Strain that strain growth is good, germination rate is high, selecting strain excellent through cultivating; Three grades of close ring bacterium of the maturation selecting close ring mushroom entity separation to obtain are the production kind of close ring bacterium;
B, seed germination are cultivated: Germination Strain one bag getting 0.5kg, tear after faling apart and mix rhizoma Gastrodiae fruit 5 ~ 8, load plastic sack after mixing, and put into cultivation room and cultivate more than 72h, to Germination Strain restoration ecosystem to becoming block, seed germination has been cultivated;
C, hoary hair fiber crops are cultivated: be the matrix of 2 ~ 3cm at cultivation bag bottom laying depth, and matrix is evenly placed the seeds of Gastrodia elata that one deck has been sprouted; Select the bacterium material of long 15cm, bacterium material is cut three row's fish scale mouths, fish scale mouth interval 3 ~ 5cm, the bacterium material having cut fish scale mouth is fixed on and cultivates in bag, the production kind of close ring bacterium is placed uniformly at each wound place of bacterium material, covering a layer thickness is the matrix of 3 ~ 5cm, in matrix, then evenly place again the seeds of Gastrodia elata that one deck has been sprouted; Again the bacterium material having cut fish scale mouth is fixed on and cultivates in bag, the production kind of close ring bacterium is placed uniformly at each wound place of bacterium material, covering a layer thickness is the matrix of 3 ~ 5cm, in matrix, then evenly places again the seeds of Gastrodia elata that one deck has been sprouted, then cover the matrix that a layer thickness is 3 ~ 5cm; Cultivation bag is tied, is positioned over shelter from heat or light sylvan life or unvegetated slope.
Described matrix is China fir sawdust and mixes rear water spray humidity thoroughly without the sand of shale, and wherein China fir sawdust is 2:1 with the volume ratio without the sand of shale.
Rhizoma Gastrodiae is in whole process of growth, all grow under light protected environment, only temp. and humidity need be suitable for, rhizoma Gastrodiae growth simultaneously need not absorb nutrient in soil, soil is only as the matrix of fixing bacterium material, and the present invention uses China fir sawdust and mixes rear water spray humidity thoroughly without the sand of shale and replaces sandy soil as matrix, makes the weight of the cultivation bag installing seeds of Gastrodia elata reduce to 7 ~ 8kg from 15 original ~ 20kg, reduce labor intensity, reduce cost and drop into; When cultivation bag is positioned over and shelters from heat or light sylvan life, do not need to cover, be convenient to management, stable yield; Output of Gastrodia elata is from past the highest every bag of average about 0.2kg, and be increased to every bag of more than 0.8kg, planting benefit significantly improves.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with embodiment, the present invention is further illustrated, but limited the present invention never in any form, and any change done based on training centre of the present invention or improvement, all belong to protection scope of the present invention.
Rhizoma Gastrodiae breeding method provided by the invention comprises seed selection, seed germination is cultivated and hoary hair fiber crops are cultivated, and concrete steps are:
A, seed selection: select face shaping good, numb without the arrow fiber crops conduct kind of damage by disease and insect, not damaged, the rotten spot of nothing, nothing deformity, after plantation, cultivate ripe seeds of Gastrodia elata through artificial pollination; Selecting the Germination Strain that strain growth is good, germination rate is high, selecting strain excellent through cultivating; Three grades of close ring bacterium of the maturation selecting close ring mushroom entity separation to obtain are the production kind of close ring bacterium;
B, seed germination are cultivated: Germination Strain one bag getting 0.5kg, tear after faling apart and mix rhizoma Gastrodiae fruit 5 ~ 8, load plastic sack after mixing, and put into cultivation room and cultivate more than 72h, to Germination Strain restoration ecosystem to becoming block, seed germination has been cultivated;
C, hoary hair fiber crops are cultivated: be the matrix of 2 ~ 3cm at cultivation bag bottom laying depth, and matrix is evenly placed the seeds of Gastrodia elata that one deck has been sprouted; Select the bacterium material of long 15cm, bacterium material is cut three row's fish scale mouths, fish scale mouth interval 3 ~ 5cm, the bacterium material having cut fish scale mouth is fixed on and cultivates in bag, the production kind of close ring bacterium is placed uniformly at each wound place of bacterium material, covering a layer thickness is the matrix of 3 ~ 5cm, in matrix, then evenly place again the seeds of Gastrodia elata that one deck has been sprouted; Again the bacterium material having cut fish scale mouth is fixed on and cultivates in bag, the production kind of close ring bacterium is placed uniformly at each wound place of bacterium material, covering a layer thickness is the matrix of 3 ~ 5cm, in matrix, then evenly places again the seeds of Gastrodia elata that one deck has been sprouted, then cover the matrix that a layer thickness is 3 ~ 5cm; Cultivation bag is tied, is positioned over sylvan life of sheltering from heat or light.
Described Germination Strain selects Mycen osmundicola or dendrobium mixture.
Described matrix is China fir sawdust and mixes rear water spray humidity thoroughly without the sand of shale, and wherein China fir sawdust is 2:1 with the volume ratio without the sand of shale.
Described cultivation bag also can be positioned over unvegetated slope, when being positioned over unvegetated slope, need cover one deck grass on cultivation bag.
Selected by the shelter from heat or light air humidity in sylvan life or unvegetated hillside fields be 60% ~ 85%.
embodiment 1
In rhizoma Gastrodiae picking time, select the arrow fiber crops of local original seed as planting fiber crops, require its ontogeny completely, healthy and strong, terminal bud is full, not damaged, single weight is at more than 100g; The kind fiber crops chosen are planted in moisture in the soil or flowerpot, treats kind of a numb Post flowering, artificial pollination is carried out to it, adopt xenogamy as far as possible, pollinate after about 20 days, ripening fruits is gathered, after gathering, get the Mycen osmundicola uniform mixing that 6 fruits and wrap 0.5kg, load plastic sack, put into cultivation room and cultivate 72h, the temperature of cultivating room controls at 18 DEG C ~ 20 DEG C, humidity 70% ~ 80%, lucifuge, keeps ventilating; Be the matrix of 2cm at cultivation bag bottom laying depth, described matrix is China fir sawdust and to mix rear water spray thoroughly without the sand of shale moist, and wherein China fir sawdust and the volume ratio without the sand of shale are 2:1; Matrix is evenly placed the band kind Mycen osmundicola that one deck is broken up; Select the bacterium material of long 15cm, bacterium material is cut three row's fish scale mouths, fish scale mouth interval 3 ~ 5cm, the bacterium material having cut fish scale mouth is fixed on and cultivates in bag, the production kind of close ring bacterium is placed uniformly at each wound place of bacterium material, covering a layer thickness is the matrix of 3cm, in matrix, then evenly place again the band kind Mycen osmundicola that one deck is broken up; Again the bacterium material having cut fish scale mouth is fixed on and cultivates in bag, the production kind of close ring bacterium is placed uniformly at each wound place of bacterium material, covering a layer thickness is the matrix of 3cm, in matrix, then evenly places again the band kind Mycen osmundicola that one deck is broken up, then place the matrix of one deck 3cm; Then tied by cultivation bag, be positioned over sylvan life of sheltering from heat or light, the air humidity of sylvan life of sheltering from heat or light is 60% ~ 85%, and seeds of Gastrodia elata is self-growth in cultivation bag, can open bag and to gather the hoary hair fiber crops of growth and maturity, namely obtain rhizoma Gastrodiae generation kind and part arrow fiber crops to autumn next year.Cultivate in practice, within 2013, applicant plants 2218 bags of powder fiber crops at the little fascine dam in Zhaotong City Yiliang County, Yunnan Province by existing breeding method, gather in December, 2014 and obtain 472.5kg hoary hair fiber crops and 18.5kg arrow fiber crops, every bag of overall average output is 0.22kg, and hoary hair fiber crops average yield is 0.21kg; Adopt breeding method provided by the invention to plant 256 bags of powder fiber crops in same place, gather in December, 2014 and obtain 206.5kg hoary hair fiber crops and 56kg arrow fiber crops, every bag of overall average output is 1.03kg simultaneously, and hoary hair fiber crops average yield 0.81kg, output effectively improves.
embodiment 2
In rhizoma Gastrodiae picking time, select the arrow fiber crops of local original seed as planting fiber crops, require its ontogeny completely, healthy and strong, terminal bud is full, not damaged, single weight is at more than 100g; The kind fiber crops chosen are planted in moisture in the soil or flowerpot, treats kind of a numb Post flowering, artificial pollination is carried out to it, adopt xenogamy as far as possible, pollinate after about 20 days, ripening fruits is gathered, after gathering, get the dendrobium mixture uniform mixing that 6 fruits and wrap 0.5kg, load plastic sack, put into cultivation room and cultivate 72h, the temperature of cultivating room controls at 18 DEG C ~ 20 DEG C, humidity 70% ~ 80%, lucifuge, keeps ventilating; Be the matrix of 3cm at cultivation bag bottom laying depth, described matrix is China fir sawdust and to mix rear water spray thoroughly without the sand of shale moist, and wherein China fir sawdust and the volume ratio without the sand of shale are 2:1; Matrix is evenly placed the band kind Mycen osmundicola that one deck is broken up; Select the bacterium material of long 15cm, bacterium material is cut three row's fish scale mouths, fish scale mouth interval 3 ~ 5cm, the bacterium material having cut fish scale mouth is fixed on and cultivates in bag, the production kind of close ring bacterium is placed uniformly at each wound place of bacterium material, cover the matrix that one deck 5cm is thick, in matrix, then evenly place again the band kind Mycen osmundicola that one deck is broken up; Again the bacterium material having cut fish scale mouth is fixed on and cultivates in bag, the production kind of close ring bacterium is placed uniformly at each wound place of bacterium material, cover the matrix that one deck 5cm is thick, in matrix, then evenly place again the band kind Mycen osmundicola that one deck is broken up, then cover the thick matrix of one deck 5cm; Then tied by cultivation bag, be positioned over sylvan life of sheltering from heat or light, the air humidity of sylvan life of sheltering from heat or light is 60% ~ 85%, and seeds of Gastrodia elata is self-growth in cultivation bag, can open bag and to gather the hoary hair fiber crops of growth and maturity, namely obtain rhizoma Gastrodiae generation kind and part arrow fiber crops to autumn next year.Cultivate in practice, within 2013, applicant plants 518 bags of powder fiber crops at the little fascine dam in Zhaotong City Yiliang County, Yunnan Province by existing breeding method, gather in December, 2014 and obtain 104.96kg hoary hair fiber crops and 4.5kg arrow fiber crops, every bag of overall average output is 0.21kg, and hoary hair fiber crops average yield is 0.2kg; Adopt breeding method provided by the invention to plant 156 bags of powder fiber crops in same place, gather in December, 2014 and obtain 129.48kg hoary hair fiber crops and 40.56kg arrow fiber crops, every bag of overall average output is 1.09kg simultaneously, and hoary hair fiber crops average yield 0.83kg, output effectively improves.
embodiment 3
In rhizoma Gastrodiae picking time, select the arrow fiber crops of local original seed as planting fiber crops, require its ontogeny completely, healthy and strong, terminal bud is full, not damaged, single weight is at more than 100g; The kind fiber crops chosen are planted in moisture in the soil or flowerpot, treats kind of a numb Post flowering, artificial pollination is carried out to it, adopt xenogamy as far as possible, pollinate after about 20 days, ripening fruits is gathered, after gathering, get the dendrobium mixture uniform mixing that 6 fruits and wrap 0.5kg, load plastic sack, put into cultivation room and cultivate 72h, the temperature of cultivating room controls at 18 DEG C ~ 20 DEG C, humidity 70% ~ 80%, lucifuge, keeps ventilating; Be the matrix of 2.5cm at cultivation bag bottom laying depth, described matrix is China fir sawdust and to mix rear water spray thoroughly without the sand of shale moist, and wherein China fir sawdust and the volume ratio without the sand of shale are 2:1; Matrix is evenly placed the band kind Mycen osmundicola that one deck is broken up; Select the bacterium material of long 15cm, bacterium material is cut three row's fish scale mouths, fish scale mouth interval 3 ~ 5cm, the bacterium material having cut fish scale mouth is fixed on and cultivates in bag, the production kind of close ring bacterium is placed uniformly at each wound place of bacterium material, cover the matrix that one deck 4cm is thick, in matrix, then evenly place again the band kind Mycen osmundicola that one deck is broken up; Again the bacterium material having cut fish scale mouth is fixed on and cultivates in bag, the production kind of close ring bacterium is placed uniformly at each wound place of bacterium material, cover the matrix that one deck 4cm is thick, in matrix, then evenly place again the band kind Mycen osmundicola that one deck is broken up, then cover the thick matrix of one deck 4cm; Then cultivation bag is tied, be positioned over unvegetated slope, then on cultivation bag, one deck grass is covered, the air humidity in unvegetated hillside fields is 60% ~ 85%, seeds of Gastrodia elata is self-growth in cultivation bag, bag can be opened to autumn next year to gather the hoary hair fiber crops of growth and maturity, namely obtain rhizoma Gastrodiae generation kind and part arrow fiber crops.Cultivate in practice, within 2013, applicant plants 620 bags of powder fiber crops at the little fascine dam in Zhaotong City Yiliang County, Yunnan Province by existing breeding method, gather in December, 2014 and obtain 115kg hoary hair fiber crops and 5kg arrow fiber crops, every bag of overall average output is 0.2kg, and hoary hair fiber crops average yield is 0.185kg; Adopt breeding method provided by the invention to plant 106 bags of powder fiber crops in same place, gather in December, 2014 and obtain 84.8kg hoary hair fiber crops and 22.26kg arrow fiber crops, every bag of overall average output is 1.01kg simultaneously, and hoary hair fiber crops average yield 0.8kg, output effectively improves.
Rhizoma Gastrodiae is in whole process of growth, all grow under light protected environment, only temp. and humidity need be suitable for, rhizoma Gastrodiae growth simultaneously need not absorb nutrient in soil, soil is only as the matrix of fixing bacterium material, and the present invention uses China fir sawdust and mixes rear water spray humidity thoroughly without the sand of shale and replaces sandy soil as matrix, makes the weight of the cultivation bag installing seeds of Gastrodia elata reduce to 7 ~ 8kg from 15 original ~ 20kg, reduce labor intensity, reduce cost and drop into; When cultivation bag is positioned over and shelters from heat or light sylvan life, do not need to cover, be convenient to management, stable yield; Output of Gastrodia elata is from past the highest every bag of average about 0.2kg, and be increased to every bag of more than 0.8kg, planting benefit significantly improves.
Claims (5)
1. a rhizoma Gastrodiae breeding method, it is characterized in that comprising seed selection, seed germination cultivates and hoary hair fiber crops are cultivated, concrete steps are:
A, seed selection: select face shaping good, numb without the arrow fiber crops conduct kind of damage by disease and insect, not damaged, the rotten spot of nothing, nothing deformity, after plantation, cultivate ripe seeds of Gastrodia elata through artificial pollination; Selecting the Germination Strain that strain growth is good, germination rate is high, selecting strain excellent through cultivating; Three grades of close ring bacterium of the maturation selecting close ring mushroom entity separation to obtain are the production kind of close ring bacterium;
B, seed germination are cultivated: Germination Strain one bag getting 0.5kg, tear after faling apart and mix rhizoma Gastrodiae fruit 5 ~ 8, load plastic sack after mixing, and put into cultivation room and cultivate more than 72h, to Germination Strain restoration ecosystem to becoming block, seed germination has been cultivated;
C, hoary hair fiber crops are cultivated: be the matrix of 2 ~ 3cm at cultivation bag bottom laying depth, and matrix is evenly placed the seeds of Gastrodia elata that one deck has been sprouted; Select the bacterium material of long 15cm, bacterium material is cut three row's fish scale mouths, fish scale mouth interval 3 ~ 5cm, the bacterium material having cut fish scale mouth is fixed on and cultivates in bag, the production kind of close ring bacterium is placed uniformly at each wound place of bacterium material, covering a layer thickness is the matrix of 3 ~ 5cm, in matrix, then evenly place again the seeds of Gastrodia elata that one deck has been sprouted; Again the bacterium material having cut fish scale mouth is fixed on and cultivates in bag, the production kind of close ring bacterium is placed uniformly at each wound place of bacterium material, covering a layer thickness is the matrix of 3 ~ 5cm, in matrix, then evenly places again the seeds of Gastrodia elata that one deck has been sprouted, then cover the matrix that a layer thickness is 3 ~ 5cm; Cultivation bag is tied, is positioned over sylvan life of sheltering from heat or light.
2. rhizoma Gastrodiae breeding method according to claim 1, is characterized in that described Germination Strain selects Mycen osmundicola or dendrobium mixture.
3. rhizoma Gastrodiae breeding method according to claim 1, it is characterized in that described matrix is China fir sawdust and mixes rear water spray humidity thoroughly without the sand of shale, wherein China fir sawdust is 2:1 with the volume ratio without the sand of shale.
4. rhizoma Gastrodiae breeding method according to claim 1, is characterized in that described cultivation bag also can be positioned over unvegetated slope, when being positioned over unvegetated slope, need cover one deck grass on cultivation bag.
5. the rhizoma Gastrodiae breeding method according to claim 1 or 4, the air humidity in shelter from heat or light selected by it is characterized in that sylvan life or unvegetated hillside fields is 60% ~ 85%.
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| CN105660342A (en) * | 2016-04-22 | 2016-06-15 | 贵州省闲草堂医药科技有限公司 | Indoor soilless Gastrodia elata f.glauca cultivation method |
| CN105961008A (en) * | 2016-06-03 | 2016-09-28 | 范金明 | Planting method for Gastrodia elata f. glauca and G. elata. BI. f elata hybrid gastrodia elata |
| CN107771667A (en) * | 2016-08-31 | 2018-03-09 | 南漳致远农业科技有限公司 | A kind of method that seed germination rate is improved in gastrodia elata sexual propagation breeding process |
| CN108811968A (en) * | 2018-06-28 | 2018-11-16 | 贵州省德均农特产品开发有限公司 | The box planting unit of Rhizoma Gastrodiae and its method for planting rhizoma gastrodiae |
| CN109258362A (en) * | 2018-08-30 | 2019-01-25 | 郝哲 | A kind of sexual breeding method of sand ground Rhizoma Gastrodiae |
| CN109275532A (en) * | 2018-10-31 | 2019-01-29 | 黎平青江农业开发有限公司 | A kind of environmentally friendly cultural method of high yield Rhizoma Gastrodiae |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN105660342A (en) * | 2016-04-22 | 2016-06-15 | 贵州省闲草堂医药科技有限公司 | Indoor soilless Gastrodia elata f.glauca cultivation method |
| CN105961008A (en) * | 2016-06-03 | 2016-09-28 | 范金明 | Planting method for Gastrodia elata f. glauca and G. elata. BI. f elata hybrid gastrodia elata |
| CN107771667A (en) * | 2016-08-31 | 2018-03-09 | 南漳致远农业科技有限公司 | A kind of method that seed germination rate is improved in gastrodia elata sexual propagation breeding process |
| CN107771667B (en) * | 2016-08-31 | 2021-06-08 | 南漳致远农业科技有限公司 | Method for improving seed germination rate in gastrodia elata sexual propagation breeding process |
| CN108811968A (en) * | 2018-06-28 | 2018-11-16 | 贵州省德均农特产品开发有限公司 | The box planting unit of Rhizoma Gastrodiae and its method for planting rhizoma gastrodiae |
| CN109258362A (en) * | 2018-08-30 | 2019-01-25 | 郝哲 | A kind of sexual breeding method of sand ground Rhizoma Gastrodiae |
| CN109275532A (en) * | 2018-10-31 | 2019-01-29 | 黎平青江农业开发有限公司 | A kind of environmentally friendly cultural method of high yield Rhizoma Gastrodiae |
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| CN104663404B (en) | 2017-05-17 |
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