CN109275532A - A kind of environmentally friendly cultural method of high yield Rhizoma Gastrodiae - Google Patents
A kind of environmentally friendly cultural method of high yield Rhizoma Gastrodiae Download PDFInfo
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of environmentally friendly cultural method of high yield Rhizoma Gastrodiae, including the preparation of breeding material, breeding, field planting, field management, harvesting.The application uses the breeding material of old bacteria stick and municipal sludge as Rhizoma Gastrodiae, takes full advantage of resource, turns waste into wealth, and saves cultivation cost, is conducive to environmental protection;By the selection of breeding material, breeding processing and then Rhizoma Gastrodiae is colonized, step is simple, and application fertilizer is less, saving of labor, it is time saving, economize on resources, reduce cost of investment;The prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control is carried out using plant ash or quick lime and reasonable water and fertilizer management, it is not suitable for any pesticide and chemical fertilizer, meet Rhizoma Gastrodiae natural growthing condition, guarantee Rhizoma Gastrodiae health fast-growth, improves the survival rate and growth rate of Rhizoma Gastrodiae, shorten planting time, improve Output of Gastrodia elata, increase production 25~30% per acre, the content of Gastrodin also significantly improves, and the Rhizoma Gastrodiae of acquisition is more high-quality.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to Chinese medicine planting technology field more particularly to a kind of environmentally friendly cultural methods of high yield Rhizoma Gastrodiae.
Background technique
Rhizoma Gastrodiae also known as rhizoma gastrodiae solely shake sesame, RHIZONA GASTRODIAE etc., are Chinese medicine common and more rare simply, plant for perennial herb
Object, the dry stem of orchid Rhizoma Gastrodiae.Winter, the excavation of two season of spring, the winter person's of adopting name winter fiber crops are superior in quality;The spring person's of adopting name spring fiber crops, quality is not
As winter fiber crops are good.After digging out, the aerial stem of plant and fibrous root are removed, soil is cleaned, is steeped with clear water, wipe rough bark in time, be put into clear water immediately
Or alum water impregnates, then boiling or steaming are thoroughly, until being degree when center is without white point, taking-up dries, dries or dry.Rhizomes is plump,
Without greenery, capsule obovate elliptic, often with stem tuber or seminal propagation, rhizome be used as medicine to treat have a dizzy spell, limbs fiber crops
The diseases such as wood, child convulsion are rare Chinese medicines, share treatment headache and insomnia with Qiongzhen Ganoderma Lucidum;Rhizoma Gastrodiae is more rich in Gastrodin, Rhizoma Gastrodiae
Sugar, vitamin A, glucoside, alkaloid, vanillyl alcohol, vanillin, succinic acid, cupreol, lymphatic temperament etc., wherein Gastrodin
It is main component with gastrodia elata polysaccharide.
Rhizoma Gastrodiae is sweet in flavor mild-natured, Shennong's Herbal: taste is acrid in flavour and warm in nature." haigoushen ": nontoxic.Taste sweet and neutral.Major function are as follows: relieve the wind syndrome, it is fixed
It is frightened.Control dizziness pupil, cold and headache, extremity numbness, hemiplegia, aphasia, infantile epilepsy and convulsions.1. Shennong's Herbal: main evil
Gas, long term usage benefiting energy, long yin fertilizer are strong.2. " Bie Lu ": subduing inflammation, lower branch is full, hernia, lower blood." 3. haigoushen ": the stupid numbness of cold air is controlled,
It is unsuccessful that paralysis delays, and how in a trance language is, more frightened mistake will." 4. Japan hanako materia medica ": aid yang qi mends general debility, and promoting blood circulation is had one's ideas straightened out.5. " this
Grass, which converges, to be sayed ": main intermittent headache, headache, dizzy empty rotation, the strong convulsion of epilepsy, four limbs contraction urgency, language have some setbacks, all apoplexy, wind phlegm.As it can be seen that day
The use value of fiber crops is higher.
Rhizoma Gastrodiae relies on always wild resource in the past, the 1970s wild change man plant successfully after, tradition is planted and family's kind
Rhizoma Gastrodiae becomes staple source.Currently, the Rhizoma Gastrodiae market demand is huge, but implantation methods are unable to satisfy existing market at present
Great demand, and implantation methods are complicated, and fungicide and insecticide are used in gastrodin cultivation bed, inevitably remain or more
Or few phytotoxicity, and Rhizoma Gastrodiae, as drug, the consequence of pesticide residue is extremely serious, seriously affects the yield of Rhizoma Gastrodiae this season.
Old bacteria stick is the waste that Guizhou province is cultivated bacterium, and municipal sludge is a great problem of Guizhou environmental protection company,
To turn waste into wealth if replacing sand or fertile soil with old bacteria stick and municipal sludge in gastrodin cultivation, conducive to the good item of environmental protection
Mesh.
Therefore, how the prior art is improved, simplifies Rhizoma Gastrodiae implantation methods, improved Output of Gastrodia elata, meet current city
Field demand is of great significance.
Summary of the invention
The present invention is in order to solve the above technical problems, provide a kind of environmentally friendly cultural method of high yield Rhizoma Gastrodiae.The application uses
The breeding material of old bacteria stick and municipal sludge as Rhizoma Gastrodiae, takes full advantage of resource, turns waste into wealth, and saves cultivation cost, is conducive to
Environmental protection;It is colonized by the selection of breeding material, breeding processing and then by Rhizoma Gastrodiae, step is simple, and application fertilizer is less, saves
Work, it is time saving, economize on resources, reduce cost of investment;Pest and disease damage is carried out using plant ash or quick lime and reasonable water and fertilizer management
Prevention and treatment, is not suitable for any pesticide and chemical fertilizer, meets Rhizoma Gastrodiae natural growthing condition, guarantees Rhizoma Gastrodiae health fast-growth, improves
The survival rate and growth rate of Rhizoma Gastrodiae, shorten planting time, improve Output of Gastrodia elata, increase production 25~30% per acre, Rhizoma Gastrodiae
The content of element also significantly improves, and the Rhizoma Gastrodiae of acquisition is more high-quality.
In order to reach purpose described above, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
A kind of environmentally friendly cultural method of high yield Rhizoma Gastrodiae, comprising the following steps:
(1) prepared by breeding material
Breeding material selects the raw material of following parts by weight: 110~150 parts of old bacteria stick, 70~100 parts of municipal sludge, broad leaf tree
65~95 parts of sawdust, 85~125 parts of straw, 85~125 parts of corncob, 85~125 parts of plant ash, decomposed excrement 100~130
Part, 55~85 parts of bagasse, 55~85 parts of peanut shell, 5~10 parts of rhizobium, 5~10 parts of photosynthetic bacteria, are prepared into sterile breeding
After material, uniform spreading controls seedbed temperature and humidity on seedling cultivation bed, spare;
(2) breeding
In late September~early December, before breeding in 1~2 month, close ring bacterium is seeded in the breeding of part seedling bed
On material;
In November~mid-February next year, selects short and circle high-quality Rhizoma Gastrodiae to plant, be inserted in the nursery for not being inoculated with close ring bacterium
In the fry growing material of bed, 50~55d of constant temperature nursery;
When 2~March of second year, when room temperature reaches 15~20 DEG C, the kind fiber crops in flowerpot start bolting, and Post flowering takes different
Tongue fur cross-pollination, the flower of pollination grow north fruit, and the temperature in control breeding room is 20~23 DEG C, humidity is 65~70%, north fruit seven
It is picked when mature;
It is put into desinfection chamber after north fruit picking, Germination Strain is admixed, temperature is 21~23 DEG C, humidity is 66~70%
2~3d to be placed under aseptic condition, and then the north fruit for having mixed Germination Strain is sowed in close ring bacterium bacterium bed, north fruit is grown in bacterium bed,
Obtain fiber crops kind;
(3) it is colonized
Being colonized in the Rhizoma Gastrodiae that step (2) is obtained draining good, sand loam, rate of vegetation is 55~65%
In the planting groove that alpine region forest land has been dug in advance, spacing in the rows is that line-spacing is that one layer of soil, one layer of pine needle fills in planting groove, is compacted root
Soil, in the agricultural crop straw that Rhizoma Gastrodiae root cladding thickness is 5~10cm;
(4) field management
Field temperature, relative air humidity are controlled, prevents people and animals from trampleing on, termite-resistant rodent-resistant;Summer shading, winter is cold-proof,
If meeting day drought without rain, watering is taked precautions against drought in time, and the rainy day drains in time;It periodically spreads fertilizer over the fields plant ash or quick lime carries out the prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control;
(5) it harvests
After Rhizoma Gastrodiae is planted 1 year, harvested in late October~early Febuary next year.
Further, in step (1), seedbed humid control is 70~75%, and temperature control is 4~6 DEG C.
Further, in step (1), the preparation method of the sterile breeding material is: will in addition to rhizobium and photosynthetic bacteria it
Outer all raw materials are uniformly mixed, and after sterilization treatment, rhizobium and photosynthetic bacteria are added, stirs evenly, fermentation is made.
Further, the sterilization treatment is 5~6h of holding at 100~105 DEG C.
Further, the fermentation is: first anaerobic fermentation under the conditions of 40~45 DEG C, relative air humidity are 40~50%
10~15d, then 15~20d of aerobic fermentation under the conditions of 40~43 DEG C, relative air humidity are 45~50%.
Further, in step (3), the depth of the planting groove is 10~20cm, 12~18cm of width, in planting groove
The broken corncob of bottom placement 2~3cm thickness.
Further, is sprinkled by base manure, is turned over once, so by deep ploughing 15~25cm in field planting forest land before step (3), field planting
Soil disinfection disinfection is carried out with mulch overburden soil face afterwards, film is taken off after 10~12d, it is ventilated, then turned over rotary cultivator by base manure
It mixes well withs the soil.
Further, the base manure be sprinkled into per acre the decomposed fecaluria of 50~60kg quick lime, 60~80kg and 100~
130kg plant ash.
Further, in step (3), the agricultural crop straw is corn stover, straw, peanut straw, soybean stalks, cotton
One of chopped straw stalk or more than one.
Further, in step (4), the temperature control at 5~28 DEG C, relative air humidity control 35~50%,
Soil conservation water content is 45% or more.
Since present invention employs above technical schemes, have the advantages that
The application uses the breeding material of old bacteria stick and municipal sludge as Rhizoma Gastrodiae, takes full advantage of resource, turns waste into wealth, and saves
Cost is about cultivated, environmental protection is conducive to;It is colonized by the selection of breeding material, breeding processing and then by Rhizoma Gastrodiae, step letter
Single, application fertilizer is less, saving of labor, it is time saving, economize on resources, reduce cost of investment;Using plant ash or quick lime and reasonably
Water and fertilizer management carries out the prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control, is not suitable for any pesticide and chemical fertilizer, meets Rhizoma Gastrodiae natural growthing condition, guarantees Rhizoma Gastrodiae
Healthy fast-growth improves the survival rate and growth rate of Rhizoma Gastrodiae, shortens planting time, improves Output of Gastrodia elata, per acre
Volume increase 25~30%, the content of Gastrodin also significantly improves, and the Rhizoma Gastrodiae of acquisition is more high-quality.
Specific embodiment
Specific embodiments of the present invention will be described in further detail below, but the invention is not limited to these realities
Mode is applied, it is claimed to still fall within the claims in the present invention for any improvement or replacement on the present embodiment essence spirit
Range.
Embodiment 1
A kind of environmentally friendly cultural method of high yield Rhizoma Gastrodiae, comprising the following steps:
(1) prepared by breeding material
Breeding material selects the raw material of following parts by weight: 110 parts of old bacteria stick, 70 parts of municipal sludge, 65 parts of hardwood sawdust, rice
Grass 85 parts, 85 parts of corncob, 85 parts of plant ash, 100 parts of decomposed excrement, 55 parts of bagasse, 55 parts of peanut shell, 5 parts of rhizobium,
5 parts of photosynthetic bacteria, after being prepared into sterile breeding material, uniform spreading controls seedbed temperature and humidity on seedling cultivation bed, spare;
Seedbed humid control is 70%, and temperature control is 4 DEG C;In step (1), the preparation method of the sterile breeding material
It is: all raw materials other than rhizobium and photosynthetic bacteria is uniformly mixed, after sterilization treatment, rhizobium and photosynthetic bacteria is added,
It stirs evenly, fermentation is made;The sterilization treatment is to keep 5h at 100 DEG C;The fermentation is: first 40 DEG C, air it is opposite
Humidity is anaerobic fermentation 10d under the conditions of 40%, then aerobic fermentation 15d under the conditions of 40 DEG C, relative air humidity are 45%;
(2) breeding
In late September~early December, before breeding in 1~2 month, close ring bacterium is seeded in the breeding of part seedling bed
On material;
In November~mid-February next year, selects short and circle high-quality Rhizoma Gastrodiae to plant, be inserted in the nursery for not being inoculated with close ring bacterium
In the fry growing material of bed, constant temperature nursery 50d;
When 2~March of second year, when room temperature reaches 15 DEG C, the kind fiber crops in flowerpot start bolting, and Post flowering takes different tongue fur different
Flower pollination, the flower of pollination grow north fruit, and the temperature in control breeding room is 20 DEG C, humidity 65%, and when north fruit medium well picks;
It is put into desinfection chamber after north fruit picking, Germination Strain is admixed, under the aseptic condition that temperature is 21 DEG C, humidity is 66%
2d is placed, then the north fruit for having mixed Germination Strain is sowed in close ring bacterium bacterium bed, north fruit is grown in bacterium bed, obtains fiber crops kind;
(3) it is colonized
It is colonized in the Rhizoma Gastrodiae that step (2) is obtained in the alpine region that draining is good, sand loam, rate of vegetation are 55%
In the planting groove that forest land has been dug in advance, spacing in the rows is that line-spacing is that one layer of soil, one layer of pine needle fills in planting groove, is compacted root soil,
Rhizoma Gastrodiae root cladding thickness is the agricultural crop straw of 5cm;
The depth of the planting groove is 10cm, width 12cm, places the broken corncob of 2cm thickness in the bottom of planting groove;It is fixed
To field planting forest land deep ploughing 15cm before planting, it is sprinkled into base manure, turns over once, then carries out soil disinfection disinfection with mulch overburden soil face,
Film is taken off after 10d, it is ventilated, then turned over rotary cultivator and mix well with the soil base manure;The base manure is to be sprinkled into the raw stone of 50kg per acre
Ash, the decomposed fecaluria of 60kg and 100kg plant ash;The agricultural crop straw is corn stover, straw, peanut straw;
(4) field management
Field temperature, relative air humidity are controlled, prevents people and animals from trampleing on, termite-resistant rodent-resistant;Summer shading, winter is cold-proof,
If meeting day drought without rain, watering is taked precautions against drought in time, and the rainy day drains in time;It periodically spreads fertilizer over the fields plant ash or quick lime carries out the prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control;
The temperature control is at 5~28 DEG C, and relative air humidity is controlled 35~50%, and soil conservation water content is 45%
More than;
(5) it harvests
After Rhizoma Gastrodiae is planted 1 year, harvested in late October~early Febuary next year.
Embodiment 2
A kind of environmentally friendly cultural method of high yield Rhizoma Gastrodiae, comprising the following steps:
(1) prepared by breeding material
Breeding material selects the raw material of following parts by weight: 150 parts of old bacteria stick, 100 parts of municipal sludge, 95 parts of hardwood sawdust,
125 parts of straw, 125 parts of corncob, 125 parts of plant ash, 130 parts of decomposed excrement, 85 parts of bagasse, 85 parts of peanut shell, rhizobium
10 parts, 10 parts of photosynthetic bacteria, after being prepared into sterile breeding material, uniform spreading controls seedbed temperature and humidity on seedling cultivation bed, standby
With;
Seedbed humid control is 75%, and temperature control is 6 DEG C;In step (1), the preparation method of the sterile breeding material
It is: all raw materials other than rhizobium and photosynthetic bacteria is uniformly mixed, after sterilization treatment, rhizobium and photosynthetic bacteria is added,
It stirs evenly, fermentation is made;The sterilization treatment is to keep 6h at 105 DEG C;The fermentation is: first 45 DEG C, air it is opposite
Humidity is anaerobic fermentation 15d under the conditions of 50%, then aerobic fermentation 20d under the conditions of 43 DEG C, relative air humidity are 50%;
(2) breeding
In late September~early December, before breeding in 1~2 month, close ring bacterium is seeded in the breeding of part seedling bed
On material;
In November~mid-February next year, selects short and circle high-quality Rhizoma Gastrodiae to plant, be inserted in the nursery for not being inoculated with close ring bacterium
In the fry growing material of bed, constant temperature nursery 55d;
When 2~March of second year, when room temperature reaches 20 DEG C, the kind fiber crops in flowerpot start bolting, and Post flowering takes different tongue fur different
Flower pollination, the flower of pollination grow north fruit, and the temperature in control breeding room is 23 DEG C, humidity 70%, and when north fruit medium well picks;
It is put into desinfection chamber after north fruit picking, Germination Strain is admixed, under the aseptic condition that temperature is 23 DEG C, humidity is 70%
3d is placed, then the north fruit for having mixed Germination Strain is sowed in close ring bacterium bacterium bed, north fruit is grown in bacterium bed, obtains fiber crops kind;
(3) it is colonized
It is colonized in the Rhizoma Gastrodiae that step (2) is obtained in the alpine region that draining is good, sand loam, rate of vegetation are 65%
In the planting groove that forest land has been dug in advance, spacing in the rows is that line-spacing is that one layer of soil, one layer of pine needle fills in planting groove, is compacted root soil,
Rhizoma Gastrodiae root cladding thickness is the agricultural crop straw of 10cm;
The depth of the planting groove is 20cm, width 18cm, places the broken corncob of 3cm thickness in the bottom of planting groove;It is fixed
To field planting forest land deep ploughing 25cm before planting, it is sprinkled into base manure, turns over once, then carries out soil disinfection disinfection with mulch overburden soil face,
Film is taken off after 12d, it is ventilated, then turned over rotary cultivator and mix well with the soil base manure;The base manure is to be sprinkled into the raw stone of 60kg per acre
Ash, the decomposed fecaluria of 80kg and 130kg plant ash;The agricultural crop straw is corn stover, straw, soybean stalks;
(4) field management
Field temperature, relative air humidity are controlled, prevents people and animals from trampleing on, termite-resistant rodent-resistant;Summer shading, winter is cold-proof,
If meeting day drought without rain, watering is taked precautions against drought in time, and the rainy day drains in time;It periodically spreads fertilizer over the fields plant ash or quick lime carries out the prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control;
The temperature control is at 5~28 DEG C, and relative air humidity is controlled 35~50%, and soil conservation water content is 45%
More than;
(5) it harvests
After Rhizoma Gastrodiae is planted 1 year, harvested in late October~early Febuary next year.
Embodiment 3
A kind of environmentally friendly cultural method of high yield Rhizoma Gastrodiae, comprising the following steps:
(1) prepared by breeding material
Breeding material selects the raw material of following parts by weight: 120 parts of old bacteria stick, 80 parts of municipal sludge, 75 parts of hardwood sawdust, rice
Grass 95 parts, 95 parts of corncob, 95 parts of plant ash, 110 parts of decomposed excrement, 65 parts of bagasse, 65 parts of peanut shell, 6 parts of rhizobium,
6 parts of photosynthetic bacteria, after being prepared into sterile breeding material, uniform spreading controls seedbed temperature and humidity on seedling cultivation bed, spare;
Seedbed humid control is 71%, and temperature control is 4~6 DEG C;In step (1), the preparation side of the sterile breeding material
Method is: all raw materials other than rhizobium and photosynthetic bacteria being uniformly mixed, after sterilization treatment, rhizobium and photosynthetic are added
Bacterium stirs evenly, and fermentation is made;The sterilization treatment is to keep 5h at 101 DEG C;The fermentation is: first in 41 DEG C, air phase
Anaerobic fermentation 11d under the conditions of being 41% to humidity, then aerobic fermentation 16d under the conditions of 41 DEG C, relative air humidity are 46%;
(2) breeding
In late September~early December, before breeding in 1~2 month, close ring bacterium is seeded in the breeding of part seedling bed
On material;
In November~mid-February next year, selects short and circle high-quality Rhizoma Gastrodiae to plant, be inserted in the nursery for not being inoculated with close ring bacterium
In the fry growing material of bed, constant temperature nursery 51d;
When 2~March of second year, when room temperature reaches 16 DEG C, the kind fiber crops in flowerpot start bolting, and Post flowering takes different tongue fur different
Flower pollination, the flower of pollination grow north fruit, and the temperature in control breeding room is 21 DEG C, humidity is 65~70%, and when north fruit medium well adopts
It plucks;
It is put into desinfection chamber after north fruit picking, Germination Strain is admixed, under the aseptic condition that temperature is 21 DEG C, humidity is 67%
2d is placed, then the north fruit for having mixed Germination Strain is sowed in close ring bacterium bacterium bed, north fruit is grown in bacterium bed, obtains fiber crops kind;
(3) it is colonized
It is colonized in the Rhizoma Gastrodiae that step (2) is obtained in the alpine region that draining is good, sand loam, rate of vegetation are 57%
In the planting groove that forest land has been dug in advance, spacing in the rows is that line-spacing is that one layer of soil, one layer of pine needle fills in planting groove, is compacted root soil,
Rhizoma Gastrodiae root cladding thickness is the agricultural crop straw of 6cm;
The depth of the planting groove is 12cm, width 13cm, places the broken corncob of 2cm thickness in the bottom of planting groove;It is fixed
To field planting forest land deep ploughing 17cm before planting, it is sprinkled into base manure, turns over once, then carries out soil disinfection disinfection with mulch overburden soil face,
Film is taken off after 10d, it is ventilated, then turned over rotary cultivator and mix well with the soil base manure;The base manure is to be sprinkled into the raw stone of 52kg per acre
Ash, the decomposed fecaluria of 65kg and 110kg plant ash;The agricultural crop straw is corn stover, straw, cotton stalk;
(4) field management
Field temperature, relative air humidity are controlled, prevents people and animals from trampleing on, termite-resistant rodent-resistant;Summer shading, winter is cold-proof,
If meeting day drought without rain, watering is taked precautions against drought in time, and the rainy day drains in time;It periodically spreads fertilizer over the fields plant ash or quick lime carries out the prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control;
The temperature control is at 5~28 DEG C, and relative air humidity is controlled 35~50%, and soil conservation water content is 45%
More than;
(5) it harvests
After Rhizoma Gastrodiae is planted 1 year, harvested in late October~early Febuary next year.
Embodiment 4
A kind of environmentally friendly cultural method of high yield Rhizoma Gastrodiae, comprising the following steps:
(1) prepared by breeding material
Breeding material selects the raw material of following parts by weight: 140 parts of old bacteria stick, 90 parts of municipal sludge, 85 parts of hardwood sawdust, rice
Careless 115 parts, 115 parts of corncob, 115 parts of plant ash, 120 parts of decomposed excrement, 75 parts of bagasse, 75 parts of peanut shell, rhizobium 9
Part, 9 parts of photosynthetic bacteria, after being prepared into sterile breeding material, uniform spreading controls seedbed temperature and humidity on seedling cultivation bed, spare;
Seedbed humid control is 74%, and temperature control is 6 DEG C;In step (1), the preparation method of the sterile breeding material
It is: all raw materials other than rhizobium and photosynthetic bacteria is uniformly mixed, after sterilization treatment, rhizobium and photosynthetic bacteria is added,
It stirs evenly, fermentation is made;The sterilization treatment is to keep 6h at 104 DEG C;The fermentation is: first 44 DEG C, air it is opposite
Humidity is anaerobic fermentation 14d under the conditions of 49%, then aerobic fermentation 19d under the conditions of 42 DEG C, relative air humidity are 49%;
(2) breeding
In late September~early December, before breeding in 1~2 month, close ring bacterium is seeded in the breeding of part seedling bed
On material;
In November~mid-February next year, selects short and circle high-quality Rhizoma Gastrodiae to plant, be inserted in the nursery for not being inoculated with close ring bacterium
In the fry growing material of bed, constant temperature nursery 54d;
When 2~March of second year, when room temperature reaches 19 DEG C, the kind fiber crops in flowerpot start bolting, and Post flowering takes different tongue fur different
Flower pollination, the flower of pollination grow north fruit, and the temperature in control breeding room is 22 DEG C, humidity is 65~70%, and when north fruit medium well adopts
It plucks;
It is put into desinfection chamber after north fruit picking, Germination Strain is admixed, under the aseptic condition that temperature is 23 DEG C, humidity is 69%
3d is placed, then the north fruit for having mixed Germination Strain is sowed in close ring bacterium bacterium bed, north fruit is grown in bacterium bed, obtains fiber crops kind;
(3) it is colonized
It is colonized in the Rhizoma Gastrodiae that step (2) is obtained in the alpine region that draining is good, sand loam, rate of vegetation are 63%
In the planting groove that forest land has been dug in advance, spacing in the rows is that line-spacing is that one layer of soil, one layer of pine needle fills in planting groove, is compacted root soil,
Rhizoma Gastrodiae root cladding thickness is the agricultural crop straw of 9cm;
The depth of the planting groove is 18cm, width 17cm, places the broken corncob of 3cm thickness in the bottom of planting groove;It is fixed
To field planting forest land deep ploughing 22cm before planting, it is sprinkled into base manure, turns over once, then carries out soil disinfection disinfection with mulch overburden soil face,
Film is taken off after 12d, it is ventilated, then turned over rotary cultivator and mix well with the soil base manure;The base manure is to be sprinkled into the raw stone of 58kg per acre
Ash, the decomposed fecaluria of 75kg and 120kg plant ash;The agricultural crop straw is corn stover, straw, peanut straw, soybean stalks;
(4) field management
Field temperature, relative air humidity are controlled, prevents people and animals from trampleing on, termite-resistant rodent-resistant;Summer shading, winter is cold-proof,
If meeting day drought without rain, watering is taked precautions against drought in time, and the rainy day drains in time;It periodically spreads fertilizer over the fields plant ash or quick lime carries out the prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control;
The temperature control is at 5~28 DEG C, and relative air humidity is controlled 35~50%, and soil conservation water content is 45%
More than;
(5) it harvests
After Rhizoma Gastrodiae is planted 1 year, harvested in late October~early Febuary next year.
Embodiment 5
A kind of environmentally friendly cultural method of high yield Rhizoma Gastrodiae, comprising the following steps:
(1) prepared by breeding material
Breeding material selects the raw material of following parts by weight: 130 parts of old bacteria stick, 85 parts of municipal sludge, 80 parts of hardwood sawdust, rice
Careless 105 parts, 105 parts of corncob, 105 parts of plant ash, 115 parts of decomposed excrement, 70 parts of bagasse, 70 parts of peanut shell, rhizobium 7
Part, 8 parts of photosynthetic bacteria, after being prepared into sterile breeding material, uniform spreading controls seedbed temperature and humidity on seedling cultivation bed, spare;
Seedbed humid control is 73%, and temperature control is 5 DEG C;In step (1), the preparation method of the sterile breeding material
It is: all raw materials other than rhizobium and photosynthetic bacteria is uniformly mixed, after sterilization treatment, rhizobium and photosynthetic bacteria is added,
It stirs evenly, fermentation is made;The sterilization treatment is to keep 6h at 103 DEG C;The fermentation is: first 43 DEG C, air it is opposite
Humidity is anaerobic fermentation 13d under the conditions of 45%, then aerobic fermentation 18d under the conditions of 42 DEG C, relative air humidity are 47%;
(2) breeding
In late September~early December, before breeding in 1~2 month, close ring bacterium is seeded in the breeding of part seedling bed
On material;
In November~mid-February next year, selects short and circle high-quality Rhizoma Gastrodiae to plant, be inserted in the nursery for not being inoculated with close ring bacterium
In the fry growing material of bed, constant temperature nursery 53d;
When 2~March of second year, when room temperature reaches 18 DEG C, the kind fiber crops in flowerpot start bolting, and Post flowering takes different tongue fur different
Flower pollination, the flower of pollination grow north fruit, and the temperature in control breeding room is 22 DEG C, humidity 68%, and when north fruit medium well picks;
It is put into desinfection chamber after north fruit picking, Germination Strain is admixed, under the aseptic condition that temperature is 22 DEG C, humidity is 68%
2.5d is placed, then the north fruit for having mixed Germination Strain is sowed in close ring bacterium bacterium bed, north fruit is grown in bacterium bed, obtains fiber crops kind;
(3) it is colonized
It is colonized in the Rhizoma Gastrodiae that step (2) is obtained in the alpine region that draining is good, sand loam, rate of vegetation are 60%
In the planting groove that forest land has been dug in advance, spacing in the rows is that line-spacing is that one layer of soil, one layer of pine needle fills in planting groove, is compacted root soil,
Rhizoma Gastrodiae root cladding thickness is the agricultural crop straw of 8cm;
The depth of the planting groove is 15cm, width 15cm, places the broken corncob of 2~3cm thickness in the bottom of planting groove;
To field planting forest land deep ploughing 20cm before field planting, it is sprinkled into base manure, is turned over once, is then carried out soil disinfection with mulch overburden soil face and disappear
Poison takes off film after 11d, ventilated, then is turned over rotary cultivator and mix well with the soil base manure;The base manure is to be sprinkled into 55kg life per acre
The decomposed fecaluria of lime, 70kg and 115kg plant ash;The agricultural crop straw is corn stover, straw, peanut straw, soya bean straw
Stalk, cotton stalk;
(4) field management
Field temperature, relative air humidity are controlled, prevents people and animals from trampleing on, termite-resistant rodent-resistant;Summer shading, winter is cold-proof,
If meeting day drought without rain, watering is taked precautions against drought in time, and the rainy day drains in time;It periodically spreads fertilizer over the fields plant ash or quick lime carries out the prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control;
The temperature control is at 5~28 DEG C, and relative air humidity is controlled 35~50%, and soil conservation water content is 45%
More than;
(5) it harvests
After Rhizoma Gastrodiae is planted 1 year, harvested in late October~early Febuary next year.
Comparative example 1
It is carried out according to the embodiment 1 in patent application CN201710536938.9.
Comparative example 2
It is carried out according to the embodiment 1 in patent application CN201410752591.8.
The method that the embodiment of the present application 1~5 and comparative example 1~2 are provided carries out the cultivation of Rhizoma Gastrodiae, cultivates result such as following table
Shown in table 1.
Table 1
Group | Maximum stem tuber weight (g) | Volume increase/% per acre | Shape | Gastrodin content (%) |
Embodiment 1 | 970 | 29.2 | It is short and justify | 0.73 |
Embodiment 2 | 890 | 28.6 | It is short and justify | 0.65 |
Embodiment 3 | 960 | 25.1 | It is short and justify | 0.71 |
Embodiment 4 | 900 | 27.3 | It is short and justify | 0.62 |
Embodiment 5 | 1000 | 30.0 | It is short and justify | 0.81 |
Comparative example 1 | 810 | 10.2 | It is long and thin | 0.12 |
Comparative example 2 | 910 | 25.3 | It is short and justify | 0.65 |
By 1 experimental data of table it is found that compared with prior art, the application cultivates the Rhizoma Gastrodiae obtained, and not only shape is good, yield
High, single weight is big, and the content of Gastrodin is also higher, suitable with comparative example 2.
In conclusion the application uses the breeding material of old bacteria stick and municipal sludge as Rhizoma Gastrodiae, resource is taken full advantage of, is become
Waste be changed into values, saves cultivation cost, is conducive to environmental protection;Determine by the selection of breeding material, breeding processing and then by Rhizoma Gastrodiae
Plant, step is simple, application fertilizer it is less, saving of labor, it is time saving, economize on resources, reduce cost of investment;Use plant ash or quick lime with
And reasonable water and fertilizer management carries out the prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control, is not suitable for any pesticide and chemical fertilizer, meets Rhizoma Gastrodiae natural growthing condition,
Guarantee Rhizoma Gastrodiae health fast-growth, improve the survival rate and growth rate of Rhizoma Gastrodiae, shorten planting time, improves Rhizoma Gastrodiae production
Amount increases production 25~30% per acre, and the content of Gastrodin also significantly improves, and the Rhizoma Gastrodiae of acquisition is more high-quality.
It is obvious to a person skilled in the art that invention is not limited to the details of the above exemplary embodiments, Er Qie
In the case where without departing from spirit or essential attributes of the invention, the present invention can be realized in other specific forms.Therefore, nothing
By from the point of view of which point, the present embodiments are to be considered as illustrative and not restrictive, and the scope of the present invention is by appended
Claim rather than above description limit, it is intended that by the institute in the meaning and scope for the equivalent loins for falling in claim
It changes and includes within protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. a kind of environmentally friendly cultural method of high yield Rhizoma Gastrodiae, which comprises the following steps:
(1) prepared by breeding material
Breeding material selects the raw material of following parts by weight: 110~150 parts of old bacteria stick, 70~100 parts of municipal sludge, hardwood sawdust
65~95 parts, it is 85~125 parts of straw, 85~125 parts of corncob, 85~125 parts of plant ash, 100~130 parts of decomposed excrement, sweet
55~85 parts of bagasse, 55~85 parts of peanut shell, 5~10 parts of rhizobium, 5~10 parts of photosynthetic bacteria, after being prepared into sterile breeding material,
Even spreading controls seedbed temperature and humidity on seedling cultivation bed, spare;
(2) breeding
In late September~early December, before breeding in 1~2 month, close ring bacterium is seeded in the breeding material of part seedling bed
On;
In November~mid-February next year, selects short and circle high-quality Rhizoma Gastrodiae to plant, be inserted in the seedling bed for not being inoculated with close ring bacterium
In fry growing material, 50~55d of constant temperature nursery;
When 2~March of second year, when room temperature reaches 15~20 DEG C, the kind fiber crops in flowerpot start bolting, and Post flowering takes different tongue fur different
Flower pollination, the flower of pollination grow north fruit, and the temperature in control breeding room is 20~23 DEG C, humidity is 65~70%, north fruit medium well
When pick;
It is put into desinfection chamber after north fruit picking, Germination Strain is admixed, in the sterile item that temperature is 21~23 DEG C, humidity is 66~70%
2~3d is placed under part, then the north fruit for having mixed Germination Strain is sowed in close ring bacterium bacterium bed, north fruit is grown in bacterium bed, obtains fiber crops
Kind;
(3) it is colonized
It is colonized in the Rhizoma Gastrodiae that step (2) is obtained in the alpine region that draining is good, sand loam, rate of vegetation are 55~65%
In the planting groove that forest land has been dug in advance, spacing in the rows is that line-spacing is that one layer of soil, one layer of pine needle fills in planting groove, is compacted root soil,
Rhizoma Gastrodiae root cladding thickness is the agricultural crop straw of 5~10cm;
(4) field management
Field temperature, relative air humidity are controlled, prevents people and animals from trampleing on, termite-resistant rodent-resistant;Summer shading, winter is cold-proof, if meeting
Its drought is without rain, and watering is taked precautions against drought in time, and the rainy day drains in time;It periodically spreads fertilizer over the fields plant ash or quick lime carries out the prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control;
(5) it harvests
After Rhizoma Gastrodiae is planted 1 year, harvested in late October~early Febuary next year.
2. a kind of environmentally friendly cultural method of high yield Rhizoma Gastrodiae according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: in step (1), seedbed
Humid control is 70~75%, and temperature control is 4~6 DEG C.
3. a kind of environmentally friendly cultural method of high yield Rhizoma Gastrodiae according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: described in step (1)
The preparation method of sterile breeding material is: all raw materials other than rhizobium and photosynthetic bacteria is uniformly mixed, after sterilization treatment,
Rhizobium and photosynthetic bacteria is added, stirs evenly, fermentation is made.
4. a kind of environmentally friendly cultural method of high yield Rhizoma Gastrodiae according to claim 3, it is characterised in that: the sterilization treatment is
5~6h is kept at 100~105 DEG C.
5. a kind of environmentally friendly cultural method of high yield Rhizoma Gastrodiae according to claim 3, it is characterised in that: the fermentation is: first
40~45 DEG C, relative air humidity be 40~50% under the conditions of 10~15d of anaerobic fermentation, then 40~43 DEG C, air it is opposite
Humidity is 15~20d of aerobic fermentation under the conditions of 45~50%.
6. a kind of environmentally friendly cultural method of high yield Rhizoma Gastrodiae according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: described in step (3)
The depth of planting groove is 10~20cm, 12~18cm of width, places the broken corncob of 2~3cm thickness in the bottom of planting groove.
7. a kind of environmentally friendly cultural method of high yield Rhizoma Gastrodiae according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: in step (3), field planting
It is preceding to deep plough 15~25cm to field planting forest land, it is sprinkled into base manure, turns over primary, then soil disinfection is carried out with mulch overburden soil face and disappears
Poison takes off film after 10~12d, ventilated, then is turned over rotary cultivator and mix well with the soil base manure.
8. a kind of environmentally friendly cultural method of high yield Rhizoma Gastrodiae according to claim 7, it is characterised in that: the base manure is per acre
It is sprinkled into the decomposed fecaluria of 50~60kg quick lime, 60~80kg and 100~130kg plant ash.
9. a kind of environmentally friendly cultural method of high yield Rhizoma Gastrodiae according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: described in step (3)
Agricultural crop straw be one of corn stover, straw, peanut straw, soybean stalks, cotton stalk or more than one.
10. a kind of environmentally friendly cultural method of high yield Rhizoma Gastrodiae according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: in step (4), institute
Temperature control is stated at 5~28 DEG C, relative air humidity is controlled 35~50%, and soil conservation water content is 45% or more.
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CN110199781A (en) * | 2019-07-08 | 2019-09-06 | 正安三科科技开发有限公司 | A kind of filler material and preparation method thereof of Rhizoma Gastrodiae plantation |
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