CN105993613A - Method for multi-season toadstool planting in high, cold and high-altitude areas - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses a multi-season planting method of hickory chick in high-cold and high-altitude areas, comprising the following steps: 1: isolation and cloning of hickory chick fruiting bodies; 2: production of cultivated species; 3: production of foreign aid nutrition bags; the method of the invention In areas with harsh natural conditions such as high cold and high altitude, it is not restricted by natural conditions, and morels can be grown on a large-scale and standardized basis every year. Waste paper, waste cardboard boxes, plant ash, crop straw, fallen leaves, decomposed poultry, livestock manure, etc., this technology not only has high repeatability of fruiting, high and stable yield, but also economical and environmentally friendly morel off-season planting technology in solar greenhouses .

Description

A kind of multi-season planting method of hickory chick in high-cold and high-altitude area

technical field

The invention belongs to the technical field of planting edible fungi in protected agriculture, and in particular relates to a multi-season planting method for hickory chick in high-cold and high-altitude areas.

Background technique

Morchella esculenta (Morchella esculenta) is a kind of rare edible and medicinal fungus, the general name of various fungi of Morchellaceae and Morchella genus, and it is a fungus with high nutritional and medicinal value. Wild species often occur in late spring and early summer. Morchella is rich in nutrients and contains a variety of proteins, polysaccharides, vitamins, mineral elements and more than 20 kinds of amino acids. It is recognized as a high-level supplement for human nutrition and has become the most famous and precious food in the world one of the bacteria. Moreover, hickory chick also has strong anti-tumor effects, enhances human immunity, invigorates the kidney and strengthens yang, prevents colds, and strengthens the body. In addition to its edible and medicinal value, modern society has developed a series of products such as commercialized condiments, health drinks, food (amino acid) additives, and wine for its special nutritional components. It can be seen that morel is a rare edible and medicinal fungus with broad development prospects. At present, some high-end hotels and e-commerce markets in China can see morel recipes or hardcover products for sale. For example, the price on Taobao is 196 yuan per 50 grams of dry products, and the wholesale price of dried morel products on Alibaba is 800-2000 yuan per month. Jin, its demand is quite large. At present, the wild morels in China are affected by the harsh environment and artificial excavation. The output of wild morels has shrunk sharply, only about 10 tons per year, and the annual production of artificial cultivation is no more than 500 tons. The total demand for morels in the world The quantity is expected to exceed 100,000 tons. Therefore, only relying on collecting wild morels is far from being able to meet social needs, and off-season cultivation of morels will definitely bring good economic benefits. In addition, morel mushrooms have broad application prospects in food, health care products, pharmaceutical chemicals and other fields. They are edible fungus products mainly exported from China to France and other European countries. The demand for bacteria increases, and its price continues to rise. However, due to the difficulty in artificial cultivation of hickory chicks and the slow progress of artificial cultivation research, wild hickory chicks are far from meeting the needs of domestic and international markets, and due to the over-excavation of wild hickory chicks in recent years, the hickory chick has been seriously damaged. Biodiversity and forest and grassland ecosystem balance. Therefore, the artificial or semi-artificial cultivation technology of hickory chick has always been the focus of international edible fungus research. The cultivation experiment has been successful occasionally, but its repeatability is poor, the fruiting is unstable, and the yield is low, so it cannot be cultivated commercially. Therefore, research on the high-yield and high-quality artificial cultivation of Morchella has huge market prospects, economic benefits, and ecological benefits. At the same time, it is of great significance for reducing the exploitation of wild fungi and protecting the ecological environment.

In recent years, the research on the artificial cultivation of hickory chick in my country has mainly focused on the production technology of strains, the bionic cultivation technology and interplanting technology of various fields, woodlands, wheat, and Ophiopogon japonicus, while foreign countries have mainly concentrated on the indoor factory cultivation technology. . In China's Sichuan, Chongqing, Yunnan, Hubei and other places, the large-scale and commercial production of Morchella has basically been realized. At present, Morchella (M. Angusticeps), morel apex (M.conica) cultivation conditions have been extensively studied and. From 2014 to 2015, the planting area of morel mushrooms put into production has reached more than 8,000 mu, and the yield per mu has reached 10-150kg/mu. The research and exploration of artificial cultivation of morels has a history of nearly one hundred years. In 1986, Ron Ower of San Francisco State University in the United States was authorized two US patents for the cultivation of morels in 1982 and 1986. In the 1950s, Liu Bo carried out experimental research on semi-artificial cultivation, and cultivated with fresh natural mycelium, cultivated with fresh and dried fruiting bodies, cultivated with purely cultured mycelium, etc., all of which can successfully grow. subentity. Simultaneously. In terms of semi-artificial cultivation, Taiwan Province has also carried out semi-artificial cultivation experiments through the bacterial soil inoculation method and the fruiting body inoculation method; abroad, Baron dyvoire inoculated the fruiting bodies of morels in Jerusalem artichoke (Helianthus In tuberosus) seedbed holes, apply apple pomace around the base of Jerusalem artichoke stems in autumn, cover with litter after 1 to 2 weeks, and remove litter in the next spring. A semi-artificial cultivation experiment was carried out, and it was found that under relatively humid conditions Under the condition, the mycelia of morels spread and grew in the matrix, and the fruiting bodies of morels grew every year thereafter; in 1892, Repin sprinkled the mycelia of morels that had been cultivated for many months on the planting flowers. Cultivated on the ground, mycelium was obtained after 4 years, and morel fruiting bodies were also grown on the seedbed composed of dry leaves treated with calcium carbonate to alkaline and in the ravine filled with apple residues; J.Pelmas reported, Fruiting bodies can be planted with apple pulp or old newspapers with a pH value <7, but the experiment cannot be repeated; morel fruiting bodies were planted on Molliard apple pomace from 1904 to 1905; 1909 to 1910 Matruchat cultivated sheep with a mixture of pulp and rotting wood Belly fungus, also acquires fruiting bodies. In terms of outdoor cultivation, a lot of research has been carried out in our country. In 1997, Zhu Douxi first reported the morel cultivation method. In the 1990s, Qingchuan County, Sichuan Province also carried out field cultivation experiments of Morchella, and the fruiting was not very stable. Therefore, it is extremely urgent to look for a kind of hickory chick artificial cultivation technology with stable high yield especially in high cold area. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to solve how to make better use of solar greenhouses for off-season cultivation of morels in Qinghai, Tibet, Gansu and Gannan and other alpine and high-altitude regions, so as to achieve high yield and good quality of morels in alpine regions As well as the purpose of promoting economic development in alpine regions and increasing income and profit of farmers and herdsmen.

1. Chinese patent application CN201310113092.X discloses a method for artificial biomimetic cultivation of wheat intercropping Morchella, the method includes: 1) seed production; 2) furrowing; 3) inoculation and soil covering; 4) germ management ; 5) Supplementary nutrient solution; 6) Management of fruiting.

2. Chinese patent application 201310129134.9 discloses a cultivation method for hickory chick.

3. Chinese patent application CN201310152370.2 discloses a method for understory cultivation of Morchella thicklegs.

4. Chinese patent application CN201210339140.2 discloses a new method for cultivating Morchella.

5. The Chinese patent application CN201310115468.0 discloses a cultivation method of Morchella spp.

6. Chinese patent application CN201310597665.0 discloses a method for cultivating hickory chicks using raw meal.

7. Chinese patent application CN200910060399.1 discloses morel culture material formula and morel natural cultivation method.

8. The Chinese patent application CN200810058482.0 discloses an ecological cultivation method for morel apex.

9. Chinese patent application CN201310549990.X discloses a hickory chick compost and its cultivation technology.

10. The Chinese patent application CN201010148565.6 discloses an indoor cultivation method of Morchella and the greenhouse used therein.

11. Chinese patent application CN200610010962.0 discloses a method for multiplying Morchella.

12. Chinese patent application CN201010287662.3 discloses a new method for field commercial cultivation of Morchella.

13. According to the report of Agricultural Network (http://www.agrilink.cn) 2013-03＝21, in 2013, the Sichuan Provincial Department of Agriculture and the Provincial Academy of Agricultural Sciences used rice-vegetable-bacteria compound in Shifang, Jintang, Chongzhou and other places. Planting Mode Cultivation of Morchella, with an yield of 300-500 catties per mu, is a new planting mode of Morchella.

14. Chinese patent application CN105218252 A discloses a preparation method of a solid nutrient solution-covered soil material specially used for morel cultivation.

15. Chinese patent application CN 105154342 A discloses a method for cultivating morel liquid strains.

16. Chinese patent application CN 105191667 A discloses a morel mushroom nutritional formula, a nutritional bag, a preparation method thereof, and a morel mushroom cultivation method.

17. Chinese patent application CN 103907471 A discloses a method for interplanting Morchella radix Ophiopogon japonicus without covering.

18. Chinese patent application CN 103907481 A discloses a production process of high-quality morel strains.

19. Chinese patent application CN 103583232 A discloses a hickory chick compost and its cultivation technology.

20. Chinese patent application CN 103190292 A discloses an understory cultivation method for Morchella thicklegs.

However, the above-mentioned methods all have the following disadvantages: according to the technology and method in the alpine and high-altitude areas, the output of morels is very low, and even the mushrooms cannot be produced due to the limitation of low temperature, so the annual production cannot be realized in the alpine areas .

The raw materials mentioned in the above technologies and methods are greatly restricted in the alpine region, and it is impossible to recycle waste paper, waste cardboard boxes, crop straws and other work and domestic waste, which requires a large amount of material costs. At the same time, for the growers , requires advanced equipment and places for the production of strains, high technical requirements, and difficult for growers to operate, thus increasing the production cost; when only using shade net shade sheds for large-scale planting, due to the strong wind in the alpine and high altitude areas, it is easy to Overturned by strong winds, coupled with very strong ultraviolet rays, the sunshade nets are prone to aging and need to be replaced frequently, resulting in troublesome management and increased costs. At the same time, planting in cold seasons does not have the effect of keeping warm; Manual recycling, the materials after recycling cannot be recycled, and it is labor-intensive and time-consuming. The material of the sunshade net remains in the soil, which will cause further pollution to the soil and affect the planting of the next crop of morels.

To sum up, the raw materials and formulas commonly used in the artificial planting method of hickory chick adopted at present are more complicated, and it is more difficult and costly to obtain medicines such as 6-benzyl adenine and gibberellin, and at the same time The seed production process requires advanced and high-end equipment, which is very expensive. At the same time, the discarded sunshade nets after large-scale use will cause problems such as management difficulties and environmental pollution. Therefore, a new method is urgently needed to solve the above problems.

Contents of the invention

In order to solve the problems existing in the above-mentioned prior art, the object of the present invention is to provide a multi-season planting method for hickory chick in high-cold and high-altitude areas, which is not limited by natural conditions in areas with harsh natural conditions such as high-cold and high-altitude areas, and can be scaled up every year. , Standardized cultivation of hickory chicks, the materials used are extensive and convenient, can turn waste into treasure, and recycle waste from life and production, such as waste paper, waste cardboard boxes, plant ash, crop straw, fallen leaves, decomposed poultry, livestock manure etc. This technology not only has high repeatability of fruiting, high and stable yield, but also is an economical and environmentally friendly solar greenhouse morel off-season planting technology.

To achieve the above object, the technical solution of the present invention is:

A multi-season planting method for hickory chick in high-cold and high-altitude areas, comprising the following steps:

Step 1: Isolated cloning of Morchella fruiting bodies:

The culture medium is set in five layers in the container. According to the mass parts, each layer is specifically: the first layer is 25 to 80 parts of morel foot soil + 3 to 5 parts of quicklime + 72 to 15 parts of decomposed beef, Sheep or chicken manure, the second layer is 85-65 parts of crop straw powder + 15-35 parts of miscellaneous wood chips, the third layer is 10-30 parts of wheat + 85-65 parts of crop straw powder + 1-3 parts of vitamin B group + 4-2 parts of plant ash, the fourth layer is 85-65 parts of crop straw powder + 15-35 parts of miscellaneous wood chips, the fifth layer is 10-35 parts of corncobs + 10-30 parts of miscellaneous wood chips + 70-30 parts of crushed waste paper +10-5 parts of urea, put a cotton plug on the mouth of the container, autoclave at a temperature of 125°C and a pressure of 0.15Mpa for 1 hour, and cool naturally at room temperature; take wild or cultivated Morchella fruiting bodies to the size of wheat grains 1 to 2 pieces of tissue were inoculated on the first layer of the above-mentioned test tube, and the test tube was placed at 12-28 ° C, with an air humidity of 60% to 95%, and cultured in the dark, and mycelium began to grow on the second day after inoculation. After 10 to 15 days, the test tube is covered with mycelia until sclerotia grows, and then the mycelium or sclerotia at the bottom of the test tube or the culture medium with mycelium and sclerotia are directly inoculated on the cultivar compost;

Step 2: Production of cultivars

The main material formula for cultivation is 10%-35% wheat + 75%-30% corn stalk particles with a diameter of 0.2-0.5 cm + 10%-30% plant ash + 1% potassium dihydrogen phosphate + 3% phosphate fertilizer + 1% lime; ② Cook the wheat soaked for 24 to 48 hours until the inside is not whitish but the skin is not rotten, then remove and drain the water, add corn stalks and plant ash and mix well; ③ Completely dissolve potassium dihydrogen phosphate, phosphate fertilizer and lime in the water Mix it with the above mixture to make compost, with a water content of 50% to 65%; ④The formula of the compost sealing material is: 60% to 82% morel fungus foot soil, 38% to 14% plant ash, 1% to 3% Quicklime, 1% potassium dihydrogen phosphate, water content 30% to 45%, pH 7.0 to 7.5; , and then put in the sealing material; ⑥Sealing sterilization: 121℃～125℃, 0.12Mpa～0.15Mpa autoclave for 4～2 hours; 1. The isolated hyphae or sclerotium together with the culture material are inoculated on the sealing material with the size of soybean grains and pressed tightly to fully contact with the material. A 20mm×200mm test tube can be connected to 30-55 bottles or bags depending on the growth of mycelium and sclerotia. , wherein the bottom layer is connected with 15-25 bottles or bags, the second layer is connected with 10-20 bottles, and the first layer is connected with 5-10 bottles; % to 90%, mycelium begins to grow on the 2nd to 4th day after inoculation, and the mycelium is full of bottles or bags in 10 to 20 days until sclerotia grows, which is the cultivated species;

Step 3: Making the foreign aid nutrition bag

(1) Nutrient formula for foreign aid nutrition bags: 60%-85% waste paper, 35%-10% urea, 1% potassium dihydrogen phosphate, 0.5% magnesium sulfate, 0.5% zinc sulfate, 3% gypsum;

Step 4: Planting in a solar greenhouse, which can be planted every year. This step includes:

(1) Soil preparation and seeding: ① Base fertilizer application: apply organic fertilizer and rapeseed meal as base fertilizer, ② Soil sterilization: loosen and level the soil in the box, and first use lime for comprehensive disinfection. The amount of lime is 250kg/mu ～350kg/mu, after watering once, let it dry for 2-5 days, then sprinkle a layer of plant ash with a thickness of 1 cm and a layer of medium sand with a thickness of 5 cm, and spray a mixed aqueous solution of 0.5% cypermethrin and 50% phoxim Insecticide; ③Greenhouse Sterilization: After the soil is sterilized, turn the ground once, and then seal the greenhouse with potassium permanganate and formaldehyde for 3 days of fumigation and sterilization, and then ventilate for 2 days; Set up a car surface on the surface, the width of the car surface is 80-120cm, and then set up a car irrigation ditch around the car surface, the width of the irrigation ditch is 15-30cm, and the depth of the irrigation ditch is 15-20cm, and then the cultivated seeds are spread on the car surface. This technology requires a large amount of sowing, sowing in spring, autumn and winter;

(2) Disinfection: After using 75% alcohol to disinfect the strain taking utensils, holding basins, hands of the inoculation personnel, etc., the inoculation personnel place the morel strains in the holding utensils by taking the utensils;

(3) Seed dressing: Mix triglyceride and potassium dihydrogen phosphate (1-3:1) with water to make a seed dressing solution, mix the cultivated species well, and the amount of seed dressing solution is 25%-35% of the cultivation quality. %, because morels must store sufficient nutrients during the vegetative growth stage, and triglycerides can be stored in the mycelia as nutrients to meet the needs of morels' reproductive growth, thus prolonging the reproductive growth period and reducing pests and diseases Occurrence of fruiting, stable fruiting, greatly improved the planting yield; this technology is three of the core technology of the present invention;

(4) Sowing: Sprinkle the whole car surface with a mixed nutrient solution of 1% potassium dihydrogen phosphate + 1% gibberellin + 0.5% magnesium sulfate + 0.5% zinc sulfate + 10% plant ash on the car surface, and then directly on the car surface Sow on the surface of the compartment, and then cover with 2-4cm of soil, then spray the soil in the compartment for 4-6 hours until the soil humidity reaches 95%, and then cover the surface of the compartment with a layer (2-3cm thick) of Crop stalks to facilitate moisture retention; the purpose is to make the growing mycelium enter reproductive growth by performing the first water stimulation; if the first season is sown in early February, the mycelium will grow vegetatively in February, March and April, and the fruiting body Reproductive growth is from mid-May to early June, and the 25-40-day growth cycle ends. During the whole growth stage, the temperature in the shed in the alpine area will not be lower than the lowest growth temperature of the life history of morels, and the fruiting bodies will grow for about 1 month. After the whole life cycle is over, the fruiting output in the first season is about 100-150kg/mu; then the second season is sown in early June in summer, and the vegetative growth of mycelia occurs in June, July and August, and starts from mid-August to early September Fruiting, in this season, the temperature in the alpine region will not exceed the maximum growth temperature of its life history. The fruiting bodies grow for 30-50 days to complete the entire life history. The output of mushrooms in the second season is about 150-kg/mu, and then The third season is sown at the beginning of October, and mycelia grow vegetatively in October, November, December and January. Due to the large temperature difference between morning and evening, the temperature in the shed is the lowest at 3:00-5:00 in the morning of the day ~ 5°C ~ 3°C , the mycelial growth period is extended, and the fruiting body reproduces and grows from the end of January to the beginning of February of the second year. The entire life cycle is completed in 40-55 days, and the output of mushrooms in the second season is 170-200kg/mu; therefore, the annual production of three seasons in a year can be realized, and because there are almost no seasons higher than 30°C in the alpine and high-altitude areas, the output Mushrooms will be extended to 30-40 days, but in higher temperature areas, the fruiting body of Morchella is only 10-15 days; increasing the amount of sowing is one of the keys to increase production, and spraying the car surface with nutrient solution can provide bacteria Silk growth provides necessary inorganic salts, hormones and other substances. In addition, the continuous cropping of morels can enrich the microbial flora of the soil, thus greatly increasing the yield compared with single cropping;

(5) Drop foreign aid nutrition bags

On the 7th to 10th day after step 4 hickory chick sowing, pierce holes on the nutrient bag, place the side of the nutrient bag opening on the soil surface, and press until all the holes are in full contact with the soil. Exposure to the air will cause the nutrients in the nutrition bags to be infected with bacteria and become moldy. The distance between the foreign aid nutrition bags is 25cm-45cm, and the row spacing is 30cm-50cm;

(6) Mycelia growth stage management

After the morels are sown in step 5, when the soil turns white due to the evaporation of soil water, it is necessary to carry out flood irrigation of land irrigation ditch and sprinkler irrigation on the compartment surface. Potassium hydrogen 0.05mL/L and cytokinin 0.05mL/L to provide nutrients for the growth of mycelium, and at the same time, keep the soil humidity of the compartment floor at 50% to 70%, the air humidity at 70% to 95%, and the temperature at 12 to 22°C;

(7) Remove the foreign aid nutrition bag: put the nutrition bag for 7 to 40 days, the standard nutrition bag is covered with mycelium, and the mycelium is very dense, then remove it, one of the incentives for the mycelium to enter reproductive growth after removing the external source nutrition bag , after the first replenishment of water 2L/m ² , then replenish water every 7 days for water stimulation until the primordium appears, add potassium dihydrogen phosphate 0.05mL/L and cytokinin 0.05mL/L to the water during replenishment , the speed of water stimulation is 250～1000mL/hour. Square meters, 12 hours to 40 hours each time, the soil should be relatively dry before water stimulation, the soil water content after water stimulation is 50% to 65%, the air humidity is 85% to 90%, and the temperature is 12 to 22°C;

(8) Morel fruiting management

After the mycelium of morels differentiates to form a primordium to a small fruiting body with a stipe and a cap, it enters the mushrooming stage of morels. The period from the appearance of the primordia to the growth of 3cm is a critical period. During this period, the soil on the compartment surface The humidity is controlled at 50% to 60% of the field water holding capacity, the air humidity is controlled at 85% to 90%, and the temperature is 12 to 22°C. If the conditions are slightly uncomfortable, a large number of primordia will die;

(9) Harvesting

After the fruit body grows for 5 to 10 days, when the color changes from gray to grayish yellow, a small amount of white spore powder appears on the surface of the fruit body, and when it reaches the maturity standard, harvest in time. Pick one mature one, and pick each in the morning, noon, and afternoon. 1 time; when picking, use a wooden knife to cut off neatly from the junction of the base of the stipe and the soil, and do not pull it directly from the soil by hand, so as not to damage the surrounding young primordia and immature fruiting bodies.

Further, in said step 1, the filling capacity of the first layer is 15% of the test tube volume, and the water content is 50-75%, the filling capacity of the second layer is 25% of the test tube volume, and the water content is 55-70%, and the third layer The filling capacity is 15% of the test tube volume, and the water content is 40-55%. The fourth layer is 25% of the test tube volume, and the water content is 35-50%. ~80%, leave 5% space at the mouth of the test tube to facilitate the air circulation in the tube.

Further, in the step 2, the standard of the main material of the culture material is no more than 3/5, and then the sealing material is loaded, the standard of the sealing material is not less than 1/5, the filling should not be too heavy, and the middle of the material Insert a wooden strip, and leave 1/5 of the space in the bottle or bag to ensure the ventilation of the material.

Further, in the step 3, after mixing the raw materials, mix well with water, and the water content is 45% to 60%, that is, the foreign aid nutrition bag nutrition is obtained, and the nutrition is bagged and sealed in sequence without autoclaving, that is, Get a food bag.

Further, in the step 4, the amount of organic fertilizer used is 800-1200 kg/mu, and the amount of rapeseed cake powder used is 120-130 kg/mu.

Further, in the step 4, after removing the foreign aid nutrition bag, the first water replenishment is performed, and the amount of water replenishment is 2L/m ² , and then water is replenished every 7 days for water stimulation until the primordia appear.

Further, in step 4, 0.05 mL/L of potassium dihydrogen phosphate and 0.05 mL/L of cytokinin are added to the water when replenishing water, and the water stimulation rate is 250-1000 mL/hour. Square meters, 12 hours to 40 hours each time, the soil should be relatively dry before water stimulation, after water stimulation, the soil moisture content is 50% to 65%, the air humidity is 85% to 90%, and the temperature is 12 to 22°C.

Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are:

1. The separation and cloning technology of the fruiting bodies of the wild (or cultivated) species of the present invention has adopted five layers of special and different raw material formulations, because the mycelium has reached the purpose of purification and rejuvenation through the growth of five layers of different culture materials, it can be directly used To produce cultivated species, save the production of mother species and original species, greatly shortening the seed production cycle. ②In the production of cultivated species, the raw materials are mainly morel foot soil, plant ash, decomposed cow (or sheep, chicken) manure, agricultural straw powder, corn cob, and bran. The sources of materials used are very convenient, extensive and cheap , less investment, greatly reducing the cost, but increasing the output. ③ Shredded paper and urea are the main materials used in the nutritional bag nutrition formula. The sources of materials used are also very convenient, extensive, and cheap, with less investment, which greatly reduces the cost, and recycles waste from life and work, and also protects the ecological environment. . ④Three links of basal fertilizer application, soil sterilization, and greenhouse sterilization were carried out during site preparation, so no pests and diseases occurred during the planting period, and the yield was increased. ⑤The mixture of triglyceride and potassium dihydrogen phosphate is used as the seed dressing solution during seed dressing, because triglyceride can be stored in the mycelium as a nutrient to meet the needs of the reproductive growth of morels, thus prolonging the reproductive growth Period, and reduce the occurrence of diseases and insect pests, improve planting yield. ⑥Spraying the compartment surface with nutrient solution before sowing can provide necessary inorganic salts, hormones and other substances for the growth of mycelium. After sowing, spray the soil on the compartment surface for 4 to 6 hours. The growing mycelium enters into the reproductive growth, so as to produce mushrooms in advance, which can shorten the planting period, and then cover a layer of crop straw (2-3cm thick) on the box surface to facilitate moisture retention and indirectly increase the yield. ⑦ Continuous cropping of morels can enrich the microbial flora of the soil, thereby greatly increasing the yield compared with single cropping. ⑧ The best time to put in foreign aid nutrition bags is the 7th to 10th day after morel sowing. ⑨The optimal time to remove the foreign aid nutrition bag is 16 days, because the nutrition bag is already full of dense hyphae at this time, and removing the external source of nutrition at this time can induce morels to enter reproductive growth earlier, and at the same time carry out the first Replenish 2L/m ² of water once, and then replenish water every 7 days for water stimulation until the primordia appear. The speed is 250～1000mL/hour. Square meter 2, 12 hours to 40 hours each time, the soil should be relatively dry before water stimulation, the soil water content after water stimulation is 50% to 65%, the air humidity is 85% to 90%, and the temperature is 12 to 22°C. ⑩When irrigating during the mycelial growth stage, add triglyceride 0.5mL/L, potassium dihydrogen phosphate 0.05mL/L and cytokinin 0.05mL/L to the water to provide nutrients for mycelial growth, and the primordium grows to 3cm During the critical period, the soil humidity of the box surface is controlled at 50% to 60% of the field water holding capacity, the air humidity is controlled at 85% to 90%, the temperature is 12 to 22°C, the optimum temperature is 18°C, and the conditions are slightly uncomfortable. will die in large numbers.

In summary, the beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows: 1) morels are produced every year in high-cold and high-altitude areas, and the annual output is as high as 422kg-520kg/mu. 2) The flower shape of the fruit body is correct, the size is uniform, the average circumference of the cape is 2.5cm-4.0cm, the length of the cape is 2.0-3.5cm, the circumference of the stipe is 0.5-1.5cm, the length of the stipe is 1-2cm, and the meat of the cape is thick , the rate of excellent quality can be as high as 92%.

3) The living and working waste and leftovers are fully recycled, the planting cost is reduced, the output is increased, and the ecological environment is protected and restored.

At the same time, the present invention omits the production of the mother species with the highest technical requirements in the seed production procedure, and wild species are cloned, and common waste paper and waste paper boxes in life are selected when making original seeds, cultivated species, cultivated materials and foreign aid nutrition bags. , corncobs, wheat, corn stalks, bran, fallen leaves, chicken manure, cow manure and other cheap culture materials, fully recycle the local production, domestic waste and material waste, etc. The management is simple and easy to operate, and there is ecological environmental protection and investment. Small and greatly increases the yield of morels.

detailed description

The technical scheme of the present invention is described in further detail below in conjunction with specific embodiments:

A multi-season planting method for hickory chick in high-cold and high-altitude areas, comprising the following steps:

Step 1: Isolated cloning of fruiting bodies of wild (or cultivated) species

Equipment and technical points used: (1) Test tubes of various specifications: 10mm×l00mm, 12mm×l00mm, 15mm×l50mm, 18mm×180mm, 20mm×200mm; (2) Raw materials: Morchella foot soil, decomposed beef ( (or sheep, chicken) manure, wheat, agricultural straw powder, phosphate fertilizer, sugar, corn cob, bran, crushed waste paper, urea, vitamin B1; (3) Technical points: the first layer of the test tube is 25-80 parts of morel Mycobacteria-based foot soil + 3-5 parts of quicklime + 72-15 parts of decomposed cow, sheep or chicken manure, the second layer is 85-65 parts of crop straw powder + 15-35 parts of miscellaneous wood chips, and the third layer is 10-30 parts Wheat + 85-65 parts of crop straw powder + 1-3 parts of vitamin B group + 4-2 parts of plant ash, the fourth layer is 85-65 parts of crop straw powder + 15-35 parts of miscellaneous wood chips, the fifth layer is 10-35 parts 10-30 parts of corn cob + 10-30 parts of miscellaneous sawdust + 70-30 parts of crushed waste paper + 10-5 parts of urea. The volume of the test tube is 25%, the water content is 55-70%, the third layer is 15% of the test tube volume, the water content is 40-55%, the fourth layer is 25% of the test tube volume, and the water content is 35-50% , the filling capacity of the fifth layer is 20% of the test tube volume, the water content is 55-80%, and 5% of the space is reserved at the test tube mouth to facilitate the air circulation in the tube. Put a cotton plug on the mouth of the container, autoclave at a temperature of 125°C and a pressure of 0.15Mpa for 1 hour, and cool naturally at room temperature; inoculate 1 to 2 pieces of tissue of the size of a grain of wheat grain from wild or cultivated Morchella sporocarpus Put the test tube on the first layer of material of the above-mentioned test tube at 12-28 ° C, with an air humidity of 60% to 95%, and cultivate it in the dark, and mycelia will begin to grow on the second day after inoculation, and it will be placed in the test tube after 10-15 days. Take the mycelium or sclerotia at the bottom of the test tube or the medium with mycelium and sclerotia directly inoculated on the cultivar compost until the mycelium grows until the sclerotia grows; The purpose of purification and rejuvenation has been achieved, and it can be directly used to produce cultivated species, which saves the production of mother species and original species, and greatly shortens the seed production cycle.

When the foot soil content of the first layer of Morchella fungus is less than 25%, the tissue block will dry out due to long-term dehydration, resulting in no fungus; when the content of decomposed cow, sheep or chicken manure is less than 15%, the mycelia will not kink and grow. Slow, or even stop growing; when the quicklime content is less than 3%, the material is prone to mildew, and even the separation fails. The third layer is 10%-30% wheat; when the third layer contains 10% wheat, less than 1% of vitamin B family and less than 2% of plant ash, the hyphae in this layer will not kink, only a small amount The hyphae can enter the fourth layer. When the content of crushed waste paper in the fifth layer is lower than 30% and the content of urea is lower than 5%, the growth of mycelium is slow and no sclerotia is formed, resulting in a decrease in yield. When the content of corncob is lower than 10%, the aeration of the compost is poor , easy to mildew.

Step 2: Production of cultivars

Equipment and technical points used: (1) 450-750mL strain bottle or polypropylene strain bag or washed discarded cans and infusion bottles; (2) Raw materials: Morchella foot soil, plant ash, decomposed beef (or sheep, chicken) manure, farm straw powder, phosphate fertilizer, sugar, corn cob, bran, urea; (3) Technical points: ① The main material formula for cultivation is 10% to 35% wheat + 75% to 30% Corn stalk particles with a diameter of 0.2 to 0.5 cm + 10% to 30% plant ash + 1% potassium dihydrogen phosphate + 3% phosphate fertilizer + 1% lime. When the content of wheat and plant ash is lower than 10%, the fungus grows very slowly, the hyphae are not kinked, and the sclerotium formed is less, or even no sclerotium is formed, resulting in less fruiting and low yield. When the wheat content is higher than 30%, the mycelia will grow with excessive nutrition, resulting in waste of resources and increasing the production cost. When the corn stalk particles are lower than 10%, the ventilation of the raw material is poor, and the mildew rate of the material increases. ②Boil the wheat soaked for 24-48 hours until the inside is not whitish but the skin is not rotten, then remove and drain the water, add corn stalk particles, miscellaneous wood chips, and bran and mix well. ③ Completely dissolve potassium dihydrogen phosphate, phosphate fertilizer and lime in water and mix them in the above mixture to make compost, with a water content of 50% to 65% and a natural pH. ④The formula of culture material sealing material is: 60%~82% Morchella foot soil, 38%~14% plant ash, 1%~3% quicklime, 1% potassium dihydrogen phosphate, water content 30%~45%, pH 7.0 to 7.5; morel foot soil content is less than 60% and plant ash content is less than 14%, germination is slow and slow, the water retention performance of the material is poor, and water evaporates quickly, which is not conducive to the formation of sclerotia. When the quicklime content is less than 1%, the sealing material is prone to nematodes, and if it is higher than 3%, the pH value of the material will be higher than 7.5, and the alkalinity is too strong, which is not conducive to the growth of mycelium. ⑤ Bottling or bagging of the sealing material: first put the main material of the culture material into a bottle or bag, bottle or bag, the filling standard is 3/5, and then put the sealing material, the filling standard is 1/5, The material should not be too heavy, and a wooden strip is inserted in the middle of the material to ensure the air permeability of the material. ⑥Sterilization by sealing: 121℃～125℃, 0.12Mpa～0.15Mpa autoclave for 2～4 hours. ⑦Inoculation: cool the sterilized material, insert the hyphae or sclerotia separated in step 1 in a sterile environment, one test tube can be connected to 30-55 bottles or bags, and the bottom layer can be connected to 15-25 bottles or bags, the second layer is connected with 10-20 bottles, and the first layer is connected with 5-10 bottles. ⑧Cultivation: Cultivate in the dark at a temperature of 10-28°C, the optimum temperature is 18-20°C, the air humidity is 55%-90%, and the optimum humidity is 65%-75%. The 2-4 days after inoculation Mycelium begins to grow, and the mycelium bottle or bag is full in 10 to 20 days until the sclerotium grows, which is the cultivated species.

Step 3: Making the foreign aid nutrition bag

(1) Nutrient formula for foreign aid nutrition bags: 60% to 85% waste paper, 35% to 10% urea, 1% potassium dihydrogen phosphate, 0.5% magnesium sulfate, 0.5% zinc sulfate, 3% gypsum; waste paper content is less than When the urea content is less than 60% and the urea content is lower than 10%, the time for the mycelia to enter the nutrition bag is prolonged, and the time for removing the external aid nutrient belt is prolonged, thereby prolonging the vegetative growth period of the mycelia and delaying the reproductive growth time. Mushrooms are late, which prolongs the growth cycle of morels, and cannot realize the production of three seasons a year, which indirectly reduces the output. (2) After mixing the raw materials, mix well with water, and the water content is 45% to 60%, to obtain the nourishment bag for foreign aid. The nourishment bag is packed and sealed in sequence without autoclaving, and the nourishment bag is obtained. The source of nourishment materials in the nutrition bag is convenient, wide and cheap, and the requirements for equipment are not high, and the investment is small, which greatly reduces the cost and the technology is simple.

Step 4: Planting in a solar greenhouse (with ventilation and irrigation equipment), which can be planted every year. This step includes the following process: (Planting shelves can also be used for three-dimensional planting in the shed, and the three-dimensional planting technology is under development)

(1) Soil preparation and sowing: ① Base fertilizer application: apply organic fertilizer and rapeseed meal as base fertilizer, the amount of organic fertilizer used is 800-1200kg/mu, and the amount of rapeseed meal used is 120-130kg/mu; ②Soil sterilization : Loosen and level the soil in the cabin, first use lime for comprehensive disinfection, the amount of lime is 250kg/mu-350kg/mu, after watering once, let it dry for 2-5 days, and then sprinkle a layer of plant ash 1 cm thick And a layer of medium sand with a thickness of 5 cm, spray 0.5% cypermethrin and 50% phoxim mixed aqueous solution to kill insects; ③Greenhouse sterilization: After the soil is sterilized, turn the ground deeply once, then seal the greenhouse with potassium permanganate and formaldehyde Carry out fumigation and sterilization for 3 days, and then ventilate for 2 days; ④ Carriage: set up a car surface on the leveled planting land surface, the width of the car surface is 80-120cm, and then set up car irrigation ditch around the car surface, the width of the irrigation ditch is 15 cm. ~30cm, the depth of the irrigation ditch is 15~20cm, and then the cultivated seeds are sown on the box surface. This technology requires a large amount of sowing, sowing in spring, autumn and winter.

(2) Disinfection: After using 75% alcohol to disinfect the strain taking utensils, holding pots, hands of the inoculation personnel, etc., the inoculation personnel put the morel strains in the holding utensils through the taking utensils.

(3) Seed dressing: Mix triglyceride and potassium dihydrogen phosphate (1-3:1) with water to make a seed dressing solution, mix the cultivated species well, and the amount of seed dressing solution is 25%-35% of the cultivation quality. %, because morels must store sufficient nutrients during the vegetative growth stage, and triglycerides can be stored in the mycelia as nutrients to meet the needs of morels' reproductive growth, thus prolonging the reproductive growth period and reducing pests and diseases The occurrence of fruiting and stable fruiting have greatly improved the planting yield. This technology is the third of the core technology of the present invention.

(4) Sowing: Sprinkle the entire car surface with a mixed nutrient solution of 1% potassium dihydrogen phosphate + 1% gibberellin + 0.5% magnesium sulfate + 0.5% zinc sulfate + 10% plant ash on the car surface, and spray this nutrient Liquid, can effectively break the dormancy of mycelium, and at the same time provide various salts required for vegetative growth of mycelium. Then spread directly on the surface of the box, and then cover with 2-4cm of soil, then spray the soil of the box for 4-6 hours until the soil humidity reaches 95%, and then cover the surface of the box with a layer (2-3cm thick) ) crop stalks to facilitate moisture retention. The aim is to bring the growing hyphae into reproductive growth by performing the first water stimulation. If the first season is sown in early February, the mycelia will grow vegetatively in February, March and April, and the fruiting bodies will grow from mid-May to early June. The 25-40-day growth cycle ends. The internal temperature will not be lower than the lowest growth temperature in the life history of Morchella. The fruiting bodies will grow for about one month to complete the whole life history. The output of mushrooms in the first season is about 100-150kg/mu. Then in summer, the second season is sown in early June. Mycelia grow vegetatively in June, July and August, and mushrooms begin to emerge from mid-August to early September. In this season, the temperature in alpine areas will not exceed the highest growth in its life history. Temperature, the fruiting body grows for 30-50 days to complete the entire life cycle, the fruiting output in the second season is about 150-kg/mu, and then the third season is sown in early October, and the mycelium grows vegetatively at 10, 11, 12 and In January, due to the large temperature difference between morning and evening, the temperature in the shed is the lowest at 3:00 to 5:00 in the morning in a day ~ 5°C ~ 3°C, the growth period of mycelia is prolonged, and the fruiting body reproduces and grows from the end of January to February of the second year. At the beginning of the month, in this season, the temperature of the greenhouse in the alpine and high-altitude areas will not be lower than the bottom growth temperature of its life history. The fruiting body grows 40-55 to complete the entire life history, and the output of mushrooms in the second season is 170-200kg/mu . Therefore, annual production in three seasons a year can be realized, and since there is almost no season higher than 30°C in high-cold and high-altitude areas, the fruiting will be extended to 30-40 days, while in areas with higher temperatures, the fruiting bodies of Morchella only There are 10 to 15 days. Increasing the sowing rate is one of the keys to increasing the yield. In addition, spraying the compartment surface with nutrient solution can provide necessary inorganic salts, hormones and other substances for the growth of mycelia. Monoculture greatly increases yields.

(5) Drop foreign aid nutrition bags

On the 7th to 10th day after step 4 hickory chick sowing, pierce holes on the nutrient bag, place the side of the nutrient bag opening on the soil surface, and press until all the holes are in full contact with the soil. Exposure to the air will cause the nutrients in the nutrition bags to be infected with bacteria and become mildewed. The distance between the foreign aid nutrition bags is 25cm-45cm, and the row spacing is 30cm-50cm.

(6) Mycelia growth stage management

After the morels are sown in step 5, when the soil turns white due to the evaporation of soil water, it is necessary to carry out flood irrigation of land irrigation ditch and sprinkler irrigation on the compartment surface. Potassium hydrogen 0.05mL/L and cytokinin 0.05mL/L to provide nutrients for the growth of mycelium, and at the same time, keep the soil humidity of the compartment at 50% to 70%, the optimum soil humidity is 65%, and the air humidity is 70% to 95%. , the optimum air humidity is 75%, the temperature is 12-22°C, and the optimum temperature is 20°C.

(7) Remove the foreign aid nutrition bag: put the nutrition bag for 7 to 40 days, the standard nutrition bag is covered with mycelium, and the mycelium is very dense, then remove the external source nutrition bag; remove the external source nutrition bag mycelia to enter reproductive growth One of the incentives, after the first replenishment of water 2L/m ² , then replenish water every 7 days for water stimulation until the primordia appear, add potassium dihydrogen phosphate 0.05mL/L and cytokinin to the water during replenishment 0.05mL/L, the speed of water stimulation is 250～1000mL/hour. Square meters, 12 hours to 40 hours each time, the soil should be relatively dry before water stimulation, the soil water content after water stimulation is 50% to 65%, the air humidity is 85% to 90%, and the temperature is 12 to 22°C;

(8) Morel fruiting management

After the mycelium of morels differentiates to form a primordium to a small fruiting body with a stipe and a cap, it enters the mushrooming stage of morels. The period from the appearance of the primordia to the growth of 3cm is a critical period. During this period, the soil on the compartment surface The humidity is controlled at 50% to 60% of the field water holding capacity, the air humidity is controlled at 85% to 90%, and the temperature is 12 to 22°C. If the conditions are slightly uncomfortable, a large number of primordia will die;

(9) Harvesting

After the fruit body grows for 5 to 10 days, when the color changes from gray to grayish yellow, a small amount of white spore powder appears on the surface of the fruit body, and when it reaches the maturity standard, harvest in time. Pick one mature one, and pick one at a time every morning, noon, and afternoon. 1 time. When picking, use a wooden knife to cut off neatly from the junction of the base of the stipe and the soil, and do not pull it directly from the soil by hand, so as not to damage the surrounding young primordia and immature fruiting bodies.

Example 1

Implementation location: Gansu Normal University for Nationalities Plateau fungal research and teaching practice base in Hezuo City, Gansu Province, with an altitude of 3,090 meters, an annual average temperature of 1.7°C, and no absolute frost-free period.

On April 15, 2013, the soil in Hezuo City, which was in the cold and high altitude, had just thawed, and at the plateau fungal research and teaching practice base of Gansu Normal University for Nationalities, three shade sheds were planted with the conventional method of sunshade net shade shed, each with an area of 600m ² , to 8 See less than 10 fruiting bodies in each shed in the month, and the fruiting bodies are small. Then on September 15, the same shade shed was used for the second season trial planting. From April 20 to May 20, 2014, 40 fruiting bodies were grown in 3 shade sheds. On March 15, 2013, the planting technology improvement test was carried out in the solar greenhouse at the same time, and unexpected technical results were obtained. From 2013 to now, after repeated tests for 4 years and 3 seasons every year, the test results can be repeated and achieved success.

Example 2

Implementation location: a village in a township in Zhuoni County, Gansu Province, with an average altitude of 2000-2920 meters, an average annual temperature of 4.6°C, and an annual rainfall of 584 mm. The total number of solar greenhouses planted is 18, with an area of 18 mu. Planting implementation time: March 10, 2014 to March 20, 2016.

The specific implementation process is as follows.

Step 1: Isolated cloning of fruiting bodies of wild (or cultivated) species

(1) Test tube used: 15mm×l50mm (2) Raw materials: Morchella foot soil, decomposed cow (or sheep, chicken) manure, wheat, farm straw powder, phosphate fertilizer, sugar, corn cob, bran, crushed waste Paper, urea, vitamin B; (3) Technical points: the first layer of the test tube is 80 parts of morel fungus foot soil + 5 parts of quicklime + 15 parts of decomposed cow, sheep or chicken manure, and the second layer is 65 parts of crop straw powder +35 miscellaneous wood chips, the third layer is 30 parts of wheat + 65 parts of crop straw powder + 3 parts of vitamin B group + 2 parts of plant ash, the fourth layer is 65 parts of crop straw powder + 35 parts of miscellaneous wood chips, the fifth layer is 35 1 part of corncob + 30 parts of miscellaneous sawdust + 30 parts of crushed waste paper + 5 parts of urea, put a cotton plug on the test tube, sterilize in a pressure cooker at 121 °C for 1 hour, and cool naturally at room temperature. The wild or cultivated hickory chick fruit body tissue blocks are inoculated on the wet soil as they are harvested. This method achieves simple open operation and is not restricted and restricted by surrounding environmental conditions. Place the test tube at 20°C, the air humidity is 75%, and the optimum humidity is 80%. Culture in the dark, mycelium begins to grow on the second day after inoculation, and after 13 days, the test tube is covered with mycelium and sclerotia Afterwards, the culture medium with hyphae and sclerotia is directly inoculated on the cultivar compost.

Step 2: Production of cultivars

(1) Choose 450mL washed and discarded canned bottles and infusion bottles; (2) Raw materials: Morel foot soil, plant ash, decomposed cow (or sheep, chicken) manure, agricultural straw powder, phosphate fertilizer, sugar, Corn cob, bran, urea; (3) Technical points: ① The formula of the main material for cultivation is 35% wheat + 30% corn stalk particles with a diameter of 0.5 cm + 30% plant ash + 1% potassium dihydrogen phosphate + 3% phosphate fertilizer + 1% lime. ②Boil the wheat soaked for 48 hours until the inside is not whitish but the skin is not rotten, then remove and drain the water, add corn stalk particles, miscellaneous wood chips, and bran and mix well. ③ Completely dissolve potassium dihydrogen phosphate, phosphate fertilizer and lime in water and mix them in the above mixture to make compost, with a water content of 50% and a natural pH. ④ The formula of the culture material sealing material is: 82% Morchella foot soil, 14% plant ash, 3% quicklime, 1% potassium dihydrogen phosphate, water content 40%, pH is natural. ⑤ Bottling or bagging of the sealing material: first put the main material of the culture material into a bottle or bag, bottle or bag, the filling standard is 3/5, and then put the sealing material, the filling standard is 1/5, The material should not be too heavy, and a wooden strip is inserted in the middle of the material to ensure the air permeability of the material. ⑥Sterilization by sealing: Autoclave at 121°C for 3 hours. ⑦Inoculation: cool the sterilized material, and insert the mycelia or sclerotia separated in step 1 in a sterile environment. One test tube can be connected to 35 bottles, of which the bottom layer is connected to 15 bottles or bags, and the second layer is Receive 10 bottles, and the first layer receives 5 bottles. ⑧Cultivation: At a temperature of 18°C, an air humidity of 55%, and an optimum humidity of 75%, mycelium begins to grow on the second day after inoculation, and the mycelium bottle grows sclerotium after 13 days, which is the cultivar.

Step 3: Making the foreign aid nutrition bag

(1) Nutrient formula for foreign aid nutrition bags: 85% waste paper, 10% urea, 1% potassium dihydrogen phosphate, 0.5% magnesium sulfate, 0.5% zinc sulfate, 3% gypsum; (2) Mix all raw materials with water and mix well , and the water content is 45%, that is, the foreign aid nutrition bag nourishment is obtained, and the nourishment is bagged and sealed successively, without autoclaving, and the nourishment bag is obtained.

Step 4: Planting in a solar greenhouse with ventilation and irrigation equipment, this step includes the following processes:

(1) Soil preparation and seeding: ① Base fertilizer application: apply organic fertilizer and rapeseed meal as base fertilizer, the amount of organic fertilizer used is 800kg/mu, and the amount of rapeseed meal used is 120kg/mu; ②Soil sterilization: put the The soil should be loosened and leveled, and then thoroughly disinfected with lime. The amount of lime used is 250kg/acre. After watering once, let it dry for 2 days, and then sprinkle a layer of 1 cm thick plant ash and a layer of 5 cm thick medium sand. Spray 0.5% cypermethrin and 50% phoxim mixed aqueous solution to kill insects; ③Greenhouse sterilization: After the soil is sterilized, turn the ground deep once, then seal the greenhouse with potassium permanganate and formaldehyde for fumigation and sterilization for 3 days, and then ventilate 2 days; ④ Lifting the box: set up a box surface on the leveled planting land surface, the width of the box surface is 80cm, and then set up a box irrigation ditch around the box surface. The width of the irrigation ditch is 15-30cm, and the depth of the irrigation ditch is 15cm. Cultivated seeds are spread on the compartment surface. The amount of bacteria is 1 bottle/m ² .

(2) Disinfection: After using 75% alcohol to disinfect the strain taking utensils, holding pots, hands of the inoculation personnel, etc., the inoculation personnel put the morel strains in the holding utensils through the taking utensils.

(3) Seed dressing: Mix triglyceride and potassium dihydrogen phosphate (1:1) with water to make a seed dressing solution, mix the cultivated species well, and the amount of the seed dressing solution is 25% of the cultivation quality.

(4) Sowing: Sprinkle the mixed nutrient solution of 1% potassium dihydrogen phosphate + 1% gibberellin + 0.5% magnesium sulfate + 0.5% zinc sulfate + 10% plant ash on the entire compartment surface, and then directly on the compartment surface. Carry out sowing on the box surface, and then cover with 2cm of soil, then sprinkle the box soil for 4 hours until the soil humidity reaches 95%, and then cover the box surface with a layer (2cm thick) of crop straw. The first season was sown on February 8, the mycelia grew vegetatively in February, March and April, and the fruiting began on May 2, and the growth cycle basically ended on June 15. During the entire growth stage, in the alpine shed The lowest temperature is controlled at 3-12°C, and the highest temperature is controlled at 14°C-26°C. The fruiting body grows for about 40 days and ends the entire life cycle. The yield of mushrooms in the first season is 124kg/mu-135kg/mu. Then in summer, the second season is sown on June 10. Mycelium grows vegetatively in June, July and August, and mushrooms begin on September 1. In this season, the maximum temperature in the shed in the alpine area is controlled at 12°C to 24°C , the fruiting body grows for 48 days to complete the entire life cycle, and the fruiting yield in the second season is 139kg/mu to 148kg/mu, and then the third season is sown on October 15, and the mycelia grow vegetatively at 10, 11, 12. The temperature difference is large, and the temperature in the shed is the lowest at 3:00 to 5:00 in the morning in one day -5°C to 3°C. The growth period of mycelia is prolonged, and the fruiting body reproduces and grows on January 24 of the second year, and the fruiting body grows 55 The entire life cycle is completed in one day, and the yield of mushrooms in the third season is 155kg/mu to 172kg/mu. The total annual output is about 419kg/mu to 445kg/mu. Therefore, the annual production of three seasons a year has been realized.

(5) Drop foreign aid nutrition bags

On the 7th day after step 4 hickory chick sowing, prick holes on the nutrient bag, put the side of the nutrient bag perforated flat on the soil surface, press to fully contact with the soil with all holes, if the hole is exposed to In the air, it will cause the nutrients in the nutrition bags to be infected with bacteria and become moldy. The distance between the nutrition bags for foreign aid is 25cm, and the row spacing is 30cm.

(6) Mycelia growth stage management

After the strains are sown, as long as the soil turns white, the land irrigation ditch flood irrigation and the box surface sprinkler irrigation are carried out. When irrigation is carried out, triglyceride 0.5mL/L, potassium dihydrogen phosphate 0.05mL/L and cytokinin are added to the water. 0.05mL/L, to provide nutrition for mycelium growth, at the same time, keep the soil humidity of the car floor at 50%, the optimum soil humidity is 65%, the air humidity is 70%, the optimum air humidity is 75%, the temperature is 16°C, the optimum temperature 20°C.

(7) Remove the foreign aid nutrition bag: put the nutrition bag for 25 days, remove it when the nutrition bag is full of mycelium, remove the external source nutrition bag and perform the first replenishment of water 2L/m ² , and replenish every 7 days Water stimulation is carried out once with water until the primordium appears. When replenishing water, add potassium dihydrogen phosphate 0.05mL/L and cytokinin 0.05mL/L to the water, and the speed of water stimulation is 250mL/hour. Square meter 2, 12 hours each time, the soil should be relatively dry before water stimulation, the soil water content after water stimulation is 50%, the air humidity is 85%, and the temperature is 16°C.

(8) Morel fruiting management

After the mycelium of morels differentiates to form a primordium to a small fruiting body with a stipe and a cap, it enters the mushrooming stage of morels. The period from the appearance of the primordia to the growth of 3cm is a critical period. During this period, the soil on the compartment surface The humidity is controlled at 50% of the field water holding capacity, the air humidity is controlled at 85%, and the temperature is 15-22°C. There is no phenomenon of mass death of primordia.

(9) Harvesting

After the fruit body grows for 5 to 10 days, when the color changes from gray to grayish yellow, a small amount of white spore powder appears on the surface of the fruit body, and when it reaches the maturity standard, harvest in time. Pick one mature one, and pick one at a time every morning, noon, and afternoon. 1 time. When picking, use a wooden knife to cut off neatly from the junction of the base of the stipe and the soil, and do not pull it directly from the soil by hand, so as not to damage the surrounding young primordia and immature fruiting bodies. On June 18, October 13, and February 20, 2014, the number of fruiting bodies in the sheds was investigated sequentially. The survey results showed that the number of fruiting bodies in each of the 18 sheds per season was 34 to 45. /m ² , 38-58/m ² , 44-70/m ² , the number of annual fruiting bodies is 124-171/m ² , the weight of a single mature fruiting body is 2.25-20.42g, and the average weight is 4.0g Calculated per unit, the annual output of each shed is 330.83kg/mu to 456.22kg/mu, and the average annual output of each shed is 438.5kg/mu.

Example 3

Implementation site: 20 sheds in a village in a township in Ledu County, Qinghai Province, with a total area of 19.3 mu.

Planting implementation time: April 24, 2015 to May 22, 2016.

(1) Test tubes of various specifications: 20mm×200mm; (2) Raw materials: Morel foot soil, decomposed cow (or sheep, chicken) manure, wheat, farm straw powder, phosphate fertilizer, sugar, corn cob, bran Leather, shredded waste paper, urea, vitamin B; (3) technical points: the test tube culture material is arranged in five layers in the container, according to the mass parts, each layer is specifically: the first layer is 50 parts of Morchella base Foot soil + 4 parts of quicklime + 46 parts of decomposed cow, sheep or chicken manure, the second layer is 75 parts of crop straw powder + 25 parts of miscellaneous wood chips, the third layer is 20 parts of wheat + 75 parts of crop straw powder + 2 parts of vitamin B Family + 3 parts of plant ash, the fourth layer is 75 parts of crop straw powder + 25 parts of miscellaneous wood chips, the fifth layer is 25 parts of corncobs + 20 parts of miscellaneous wood chips + 48 parts of crushed waste paper + 7 parts of urea, the loading capacity of the first layer The volume of the test tube is 15%, and the water content is 50-75%. The second layer is 25% of the test tube volume, and the water content is 55-70%. %, the fourth layer is 25% of the test tube volume, and the water content is 35-50%. The fifth layer is 20% of the test tube volume, and the water content is 55-80%. The air in the tube circulates, the test tube is plugged with a cotton plug, sterilized in a pressure cooker at 125°C for 1 hour, and cooled naturally at room temperature. Inoculate wild or cultivated hickory chick sporocarp tissue blocks on damp soil as they are harvested, place the test tube at a temperature of 16-20°C and an air humidity of 60%-95%, and cultivate it in the dark. After 10 to 15 days, the test tube is covered with mycelium or sclerotia, and the culture medium with mycelium and sclerotia in the test tube can be directly inoculated on the cultivar culture medium.

Equipment and technical points used: (1) 750mL strain bottle (2) Raw materials: Morchella foot soil, plant ash, decomposed cow (or sheep, chicken) manure, crop straw powder, phosphate fertilizer, sugar, corncob, Bran, urea; (3) Technical points: ① The main ingredient for cultivation is 20% wheat + 35% corn stalk particles with a diameter of 0.5 cm + 20% plant ash + 20% bran + 1% potassium dihydrogen phosphate + 3% Phosphate + 1% lime. ②Boil the wheat soaked for 36 hours until the inside is not whitish but the skin is not rotten, then remove and drain the water, add corn stalk particles, miscellaneous wood chips, and bran and mix well. ③ Completely dissolve potassium dihydrogen phosphate, phosphate fertilizer and lime in water and mix them in the above mixture to make a compost, with a water content of 65% and a natural pH. ④ The formula of culture material sealing material is: 85% Morchella foot soil, 15% plant ash, 1% quicklime, 1% sugar, water content 30%-45%, pH is natural. ⑤ Bottling or bagging of the sealing material: first put the main material of the culture material into a bottle or bag, bottle or bag, the filling standard is 3/5, and then put the sealing material, the filling standard is 1/5, The material should not be too heavy, and a wooden strip is inserted in the middle of the material to ensure the air permeability of the material. ⑥Sterilization by sealing: Autoclave at 121°C for 2 hours. ⑦Inoculation: Cool the sterilized material, insert the hyphae or sclerotia separated in step 1 in a sterile environment, and connect 30-40 bottles to one test tube, of which 15-20 bottles are connected to the bottom layer, and the second layer 10-15 bottles are connected, and 5-10 bottles are connected on the first floor. ⑧Cultivation: Cultivate in the dark at a temperature of 10-28°C, and the air humidity is 55%-65%. Mycelium begins to grow 36 hours after inoculation, and 10-20 days after the mycelium bottle grows sclerotia, it is cultivation kind.

Step 3: Making the foreign aid nutrition bag

(1) Nutrient formula of foreign aid nutrition bag: 85% waste paper, 10% urea, 1% potassium dihydrogen phosphate, 0.5% magnesium sulfate, 0.5% zinc sulfate, 3% gypsum (2) Mix all raw materials with water and mix well, If the water content is 60%, then the foreign aid nutrition bag nourishment is obtained, and the nourishment is bagged and sealed in sequence without autoclaving, and the nourishment bag is obtained.

Step 4: Planting in a solar greenhouse (with ventilation and irrigation equipment), which can be planted every year. This step includes the following process: (Planting shelves can also be used for three-dimensional planting in the shed, and the three-dimensional planting technology is under development)

(1) Soil preparation and seeding: ① Base fertilizer application: Apply organic fertilizer and rapeseed meal as base fertilizer, the amount of organic fertilizer used is 1200kg/mu, and the amount of rapeseed meal used is 130kg/mu; ② Soil sterilization: put the The soil should be loosened and leveled, and then thoroughly disinfected with lime. The amount of lime used is 350kg/mu. After watering once, let it dry for 4 days, and then sprinkle a layer of 1 cm thick plant ash and a layer of 5 cm thick medium sand. Spray 0.5% cypermethrin and 50% phoxim mixed aqueous solution to kill insects; ③Greenhouse sterilization: After the soil is sterilized, turn the ground deep once, then seal the greenhouse with potassium permanganate and formaldehyde for fumigation and sterilization for 3 days, and then ventilate 2 days; 4. take up the compartment: the planting land surface after leveling off opens compartment surface, and the compartment surface width is 120cm, then opens compartment irrigation ditch around the compartment surface, the width 30cm of irrigation ditch, the depth of irrigation ditch is 20cm, then cultivated species Spread on the deck. The amount of bacteria is 2 bottles/m ² .

(2) Disinfection: After using 75% alcohol to disinfect the strain taking utensils, holding pots, hands of the inoculation personnel, etc., the inoculation personnel put the morel strains in the holding utensils through the taking utensils.

(3) Seed dressing: mix triglyceride and potassium dihydrogen phosphate (1-3) with water to make a seed dressing solution, mix the cultivars well, and the amount of the seed dressing solution is 35% of the cultivation quality.

(4) Sowing: Sprinkle the mixed nutrient solution of 1% potassium dihydrogen phosphate + 1% gibberellin + 0.5% magnesium sulfate + 0.5% zinc sulfate + 10% plant ash on the entire compartment surface, and then directly on the compartment surface. Carry out sowing on the box surface, and then cover 2-4cm of soil, then spray the box soil for 6 hours until the soil humidity reaches 95%, and then cover the box surface with a layer (3cm thick) of crop straw to facilitate Moisturize. The aim is to bring the growing hyphae into reproductive growth by performing the first water stimulation. If the first season is sown on April 24, the mycelia will grow vegetatively in May, June and July, and the fruiting bodies will grow from June 18 to July 10, and around August 20, the growth cycle ends, and the first season The yield of mushroom is 138～155kg/mu. Then in summer, the second season of sowing is carried out on September 10. Mycelia grow vegetatively in October, November and December, and mushrooms begin on the 10th and 19th. On December 5, the entity completes the entire life cycle, and the second season produces The yield is 161-180kg/mu, and the third season will be sown on December 20. The mycelium will grow vegetatively in January, February and March 2015. Due to the large temperature difference between morning and evening, it is 3:00-5:00 in the morning in the shed. The temperature is the lowest ~ 4°C ~ 4°C, the growth period of the mycelia is extended, the mushrooms start on March 6th, and the whole life cycle is completed on April 26th, the fruiting period is as high as 55 days, and the output of mushrooms in the third season is 172 ~ 200kg /mu. Therefore, the annual production of three seasons a year has also been realized, and the total annual output is about 472kg/mu to 535kg/mu. Therefore, the annual production of three seasons a year has been realized and high yield has been achieved.

(5) Drop foreign aid nutrition bags

On the 10th day after step 4 hickory chick sowing, prick holes on the nutrient bag, put the side of the nutrient bag perforated flat on the soil surface, press to fully contact with the soil with all holes, if the hole is exposed to In the air, it will cause the nutrients in the nutrition bags to be infected with bacteria and become moldy. The distance between the foreign aid nutrition bags is 45cm, and the row spacing is 50cm.

(6) Mycelia growth stage management

After morels are sown in step 5, as long as the soil turns white, it is necessary to carry out land irrigation ditch flood irrigation and compartment surface sprinkler irrigation. L and cytokinin 0.05mL/L, in order to provide nutrition for mycelial growth, at the same time, keep the soil humidity of the compartment floor at 50% to 70%, the air humidity at 70% to 95%, and the temperature at 12 to 22°C.

(7) Remove the foreign aid nutrition bag: the nutrition bag has been put in for 40 days. The standard nutrition bag is covered with mycelia, and the mycelium is very dense, and then removed. The removal of the external source nutrition bag is one of the incentives for the mycelium to enter reproductive growth. The first water replenishment was 2L/m ² , and water was stimulated every 7 days until primordia appeared. When replenishing water, potassium dihydrogen phosphate 0.05mL/L and cytokinin 0.05mL/L were added to the water. The stimulation rate is 250-1000mL/hour. 2 square meters, 20 hours each time, the soil should be relatively dry before water stimulation, after water stimulation, the soil moisture content is 50%-65%, the air humidity is 85%-90%, and the temperature is 12-22°C. (8) Morel fruiting management

After the mycelium of morels differentiates to form a primordium to a small fruiting body with a stipe and a cap, it enters the mushrooming stage of morels. The period from the appearance of the primordia to the growth of 3cm is a critical period. During this period, the soil on the compartment surface The humidity is controlled at 50% to 60% of the field water holding capacity, the air humidity is controlled at 85% to 90%, and the temperature is 12 to 22°C. There is no massive death of primordia.

(9) Harvesting

After the fruit body grows for 5 to 10 days, when the color changes from gray to grayish yellow, a small amount of white spore powder appears on the surface of the fruit body, and when it reaches the maturity standard, harvest in time. Pick one mature one, and pick one at a time every morning, noon, and afternoon. 1 time. When picking, use a wooden knife to cut off neatly from the junction of the base of the stipe and the soil, and do not pull it directly from the soil by hand, so as not to damage the surrounding young primordia and immature fruiting bodies.

On August 23, December 8, and April 28, 2015, the number of fruiting bodies in the sheds was investigated sequentially. The survey results showed that the total number of fruiting bodies in each of the 18 sheds per season was 35 to 50. pieces/m ² , 44-60 pieces/m ² , 50-72 pieces/m ² , the number of annual fruiting bodies is 129-182 pieces/m ² , the weight of a single mature fruiting body is 2.75-17.66g, and the average weight is 4.0 Calculated in g/unit, the annual output of each shed is about 344.17kg/mu to 485.58kg/mu, and the average annual output of each shed is about 468.8kg/mu. Therefore, the annual production of three seasons in a year has been realized, and a high yield has been obtained.

Embodiment 4, other are the same as embodiment 3

In step 1, the culture material is arranged in five layers in the container. According to the mass parts, each layer is specifically: the first layer is 25 parts of hickory chick foot soil + 3 parts of quicklime + 72 parts of decomposed cattle, sheep or Chicken manure, the second layer is 85 parts of crop straw powder + 15 parts of miscellaneous wood chips, the third layer is 10 parts of wheat + 85 parts of crop straw powder + 1 part of vitamin B group + 4 parts of plant ash, and the fourth layer is 85 parts of crop straw Flour + 15 parts of wood chips, the fifth layer is 10 parts of corncobs + 10 parts of wood chips + 70 parts of crushed waste paper + 10 parts of urea;

On August 23, December 8, and April 28, 2015, the number of fruiting bodies in the sheds was investigated sequentially. The survey results showed that the total number of fruiting bodies in each of the 18 sheds per season was 30-40. pieces/m ² , 40-50 pieces/m ² , 40-60 pieces/m ² , the number of annual fruiting bodies is 100-153 pieces/m ² , and the weight of a single mature fruiting body is 2.75-17.66g. Compared with Embodiment 3 is slightly reduced, but still can reach the high yield of three seasons a year.

Embodiment 5, other are the same as embodiment 3

In step 1, the first layer of the test tube is 20 parts of Morchella foot soil + 2 parts of quicklime + 12 parts of decomposed cow, sheep or chicken manure, and the second layer is 85-65 parts of crop straw powder + 15-35 parts of miscellaneous wood chips , the third layer is 8 parts of wheat + 85-65 parts of crop straw powder + 0.5 part of vitamin B group + 1 part of plant ash, the fourth layer is 85-65 parts of crop straw powder + 15-35 parts of miscellaneous wood chips, and the fifth layer is 10-35 parts of corn cob + 10-30 parts of miscellaneous sawdust + 70-30 parts of crushed waste paper + 10-5 parts of urea, the first layer is 15% of the test tube volume, and the water content is 50-75%, the second layer The filling capacity is 25% of the test tube volume, and the water content is 55-70%. The third layer is 15% of the test tube volume, and the water content is 40-55%. ～50%, the filling capacity of the fifth layer is 20% of the test tube volume, the water content is 55～80%, and 5% of the space is reserved at the test tube mouth to facilitate the air circulation in the tube.

When the foot soil content of the first layer of Morchella fungus is less than 25%, the tissue block will dry out due to long-term dehydration, resulting in no fungus; when the content of decomposed cow, sheep or chicken manure is less than 15%, the mycelia will not kink and grow. Slow, or even stop growing; when the quicklime content is less than 3%, the material is prone to mildew, and even the separation fails. The third layer is 10%-30% wheat; when the third layer contains 10% wheat, less than 1% of vitamin B family and less than 2% of plant ash, the hyphae in this layer will not kink, only a small amount The hyphae can enter the fourth layer. When the content of crushed waste paper in the fifth layer is lower than 30% and the content of urea is lower than 5%, the growth of mycelium is slow and no sclerotia is formed, resulting in a decrease in yield. When the content of corncob is lower than 10%, the aeration of the compost is poor , easy to mildew.

In the second step, the main ingredient for cultivation is 8% wheat + 79% corn stalk particles with a diameter of 0.2-0.5 cm + 8% plant ash + 1% potassium dihydrogen phosphate + 3% phosphate fertilizer + 1% lime. When the content of wheat and plant ash is lower than 10%, the fungus grows very slowly, the hyphae are not kinked, and the sclerotium formed is less, or even no sclerotium is formed, resulting in less fruiting and low yield. When the wheat content is higher than 30%, the mycelia will grow with excessive nutrition, resulting in waste of resources and increasing the production cost. When the corn stalk particles are lower than 10%, the ventilation of the raw material is poor, and the mildew rate of the material increases.

The formula of the culture material sealing material is: 55% Morchella foot soil, 43.5% plant ash, 0.5% quicklime, 1% potassium dihydrogen phosphate, water content 30%-45%, pH 7.0-7.5; Morchella foot If the soil content is less than 60% and the plant ash content is less than 14%, the bacteria will develop slowly, the water retention performance of the material is poor, and the water evaporates quickly, which is not conducive to the formation of sclerotia. When the quicklime content is less than 1%, the sealing material is prone to nematodes, and if it is higher than 3%, the pH value of the material will be higher than 7.5, and the alkalinity is too strong, which is not conducive to the growth of mycelium.

Step 3: Making the foreign aid nutrition bag

(1) Nutrient formula for foreign aid nutrition bags: 56% waste paper, 39% urea, 1% potassium dihydrogen phosphate, 0.5% magnesium sulfate, 0.5% zinc sulfate, 3% gypsum; waste paper content is less than 60% and urea content is low At 10%, the time for mycelium to enter the nutrition bag is prolonged, and the time for removing the external aid nutrient belt is prolonged, thereby prolonging the vegetative growth period of mycelium and delaying the reproductive growth time. Therefore, the fruiting is later, which makes the sheep The growth cycle of the belly mushroom is prolonged, and the production of three seasons a year cannot be realized, which indirectly reduces the yield.

Because the cultivation conditions were not up to standard, three shade sheds were planted with shade nets in the plateau fungal research and teaching practice base of Gansu Normal University for Nationalities after the soil had just thawed in the high-cold and high-altitude Hezuo city, each with an area of 600m ² . See less than 20 fruiting bodies in each shed, and fruiting bodies are small. The difference in effect is obvious.

The above is only a specific implementation of the present invention, but the scope of protection of the present invention is not limited thereto, and any changes or replacements that do not come to mind through creative work shall be covered within the scope of protection of the present invention. Therefore, the protection scope of the present invention should be determined by the protection scope defined in the claims.

Claims (7)

1. a multi-season planting method for hickory chick in high-cold high-altitude area, is characterized in that, is made up of following steps: Step 1: Isolated cloning of Morchella fruiting bodies: The culture medium is set in five layers in the container. According to the mass parts, each layer is specifically: the first layer is 25 to 80 parts of morel foot soil + 3 to 5 parts of quicklime + 72 to 15 parts of decomposed beef, Sheep or chicken manure, the second layer is 85-65 parts of crop straw powder + 15-35 parts of miscellaneous wood chips, the third layer is 10-30 parts of wheat + 85-65 parts of crop straw powder + 1-3 parts of vitamin B group + 4-2 parts of plant ash, the fourth layer is 85-65 parts of crop straw powder + 15-35 parts of miscellaneous wood chips, the fifth layer is 10-35 parts of corncobs + 10-30 parts of miscellaneous wood chips + 70-30 parts of crushed waste paper +10-5 parts of urea, put a cotton plug on the mouth of the container, autoclave at a temperature of 125°C and a pressure of 0.15Mpa for 1 hour, and cool naturally at room temperature; take wild or cultivated Morchella fruiting bodies to the size of wheat grains 1 to 2 pieces of tissue were inoculated on the first layer of the above-mentioned test tube, and the test tube was placed at 12-28 ° C, with an air humidity of 60% to 95%, and cultured in the dark, and mycelium began to grow on the second day after inoculation. After 10 to 15 days, the test tube is covered with mycelia until sclerotia grows, and then the mycelium or sclerotia at the bottom of the test tube or the culture medium with mycelium and sclerotia are directly inoculated on the cultivar compost; Step 2: Production of cultivars The main material formula for cultivation is 10%-35% wheat + 75%-30% corn stalk particles with a diameter of 0.2-0.5 cm + 10%-30% plant ash + 1% potassium dihydrogen phosphate + 3% phosphate fertilizer + 1% lime; ② Cook the wheat soaked for 24 to 48 hours until the inside is not whitish but the skin is not rotten, then remove and drain the water, add corn stalks and plant ash and mix well; ③ Completely dissolve potassium dihydrogen phosphate, phosphate fertilizer and lime in the water Mix it with the above mixture to make compost, with a water content of 50% to 65%; ④The formula of the compost sealing material is: 60% to 82% morel fungus foot soil, 38% to 14% plant ash, 1% to 3% Quicklime, 1% potassium dihydrogen phosphate, water content 30% to 45%, pH 7.0 to 7.5; , and then put in the sealing material; ⑥Sealing sterilization: 121℃～125℃, 0.12Mpa～0.15Mpa autoclave for 4～2 hours; 1. The isolated hyphae or sclerotium together with the culture material are inoculated on the sealing material with the size of soybean grains and pressed tightly to fully contact with the material. A 20mm×200mm test tube can be connected to 30-55 bottles or bags depending on the growth of mycelium and sclerotia. , wherein the bottom layer is connected with 15-25 bottles or bags, the second layer is connected with 10-20 bottles, and the first layer is connected with 5-10 bottles; % to 90%, mycelium begins to grow on the 2nd to 4th day after inoculation, and the mycelium is full of bottles or bags in 10 to 20 days until sclerotia grows, which is the cultivated species; Step 3: Making the foreign aid nutrition bag (1) Nutrient formula for foreign aid nutrition bags: waste paper, urea, potassium dihydrogen phosphate, magnesium sulfate, zinc sulfate, gypsum; Step 4: Planting in a solar greenhouse, which can be planted every year. This step includes: (1) Soil preparation and seeding: ① Base fertilizer application: apply organic fertilizer and rapeseed meal as base fertilizer, ② Soil sterilization: loosen and level the soil in the box, and first use lime for comprehensive disinfection. The amount of lime is 250kg/mu ～350kg/mu, after watering once, let it dry for 2-5 days, then sprinkle a layer of plant ash with a thickness of 1 cm and a layer of medium sand with a thickness of 5 cm, and spray a mixed aqueous solution of 0.5% cypermethrin and 50% phoxim Insecticide; ③Greenhouse Sterilization: After the soil is sterilized, turn the ground once, and then seal the greenhouse with potassium permanganate and formaldehyde for 3 days of fumigation and sterilization, and then ventilate for 2 days; Set up a car surface on the surface, the width of the car surface is 80-120cm, and then set up a car irrigation ditch around the car surface, the width of the irrigation ditch is 15-30cm, and the depth of the irrigation ditch is 15-20cm, and then the cultivated seeds are spread on the car surface. This technology requires a large amount of sowing, sowing in spring, autumn and winter; (2) Disinfection: After using 75% alcohol to disinfect the strain taking utensils, holding basins, hands of the inoculation personnel, etc., the inoculation personnel place the morel strains in the holding utensils by taking the utensils; (3) Seed dressing: Mix triglyceride, potassium dihydrogen phosphate and water at a volume ratio of 1 to 3:1:5 to make a seed dressing solution, mix the cultivated species well, and the amount of the seed dressing solution is the cultivation quality. 25% to 35%, because morels must store sufficient nutrients during the vegetative growth stage, and triglycerides can be stored in the mycelium as nutrients to meet the needs of morels' reproductive growth, thus prolonging the reproductive growth period , reducing the occurrence of pests and diseases, stable fruiting, greatly improving the planting yield; this technology is the third core technology of the present invention; (4) Sowing: Sprinkle the whole car surface with a mixed nutrient solution of 1% potassium dihydrogen phosphate + 1% gibberellin + 0.5% magnesium sulfate + 0.5% zinc sulfate + 10% plant ash on the car surface, and then directly on the car surface Sow on the surface of the compartment, and then cover with 2-4cm of soil, then spray the soil in the compartment for 4-6 hours until the soil humidity reaches 95%, and then cover the surface of the compartment with a layer (2-3cm thick) of Crop stalks to facilitate moisture retention; the purpose is to make the growing mycelium enter reproductive growth by performing the first water stimulation; if the first season is sown in early February, the mycelium will grow vegetatively in February, March and April, and the fruiting body Reproductive growth is from mid-May to early June, and the 25-40-day growth cycle ends. During the whole growth stage, the temperature in the shed in the alpine area will not be lower than the lowest growth temperature of the life history of morels, and the fruiting bodies will grow for about 1 month. After the whole life cycle is over, the fruiting output in the first season is about 100-150kg/mu; then the second season is sown in early June in summer, and the vegetative growth of mycelia occurs in June, July and August, and starts from mid-August to early September Fruiting, in this season, the temperature in the alpine region will not exceed the maximum growth temperature of its life history. The fruiting bodies grow for 30-50 days to complete the entire life history. The output of mushrooms in the second season is about 150-kg/mu, and then The third season is sown at the beginning of October, and mycelia grow vegetatively in October, November, December and January. Due to the large temperature difference between morning and evening, the temperature in the shed is the lowest at 3:00-5:00 in the morning of the day ~ 5°C ~ 3°C , the mycelial growth period is extended, and the fruiting body reproduces and grows from the end of January to the beginning of February of the second year. The entire life cycle is completed in 40-55 days, and the output of mushrooms in the second season is 170-200kg/mu; therefore, the annual production of three seasons in a year can be realized, and because there are almost no seasons higher than 30°C in the alpine and high-altitude areas, the output Mushrooms will be extended to 30-40 days, but in higher temperature areas, the fruiting body of Morchella is only 10-15 days; increasing the amount of sowing is one of the keys to increase production, and spraying the car surface with nutrient solution can provide bacteria Silk growth provides necessary inorganic salts, hormones and other substances. In addition, the continuous cropping of morels can enrich the microbial flora of the soil, thus greatly increasing the yield compared with single cropping; (5) Drop foreign aid nutrition bags On the 7th to 10th day after step 4 hickory chick sowing, pierce holes on the nutrient bag, place the side of the nutrient bag opening on the soil surface, and press until all the holes are in full contact with the soil. Exposure to the air will cause the nutrients in the nutrition bags to be infected with bacteria and become moldy. The distance between the foreign aid nutrition bags is 25cm-45cm, and the row spacing is 30cm-50cm; (6) Mycelia growth stage management After the morels are sown in step 5, when the soil turns white due to the evaporation of soil water, it is necessary to carry out flood irrigation of land irrigation ditch and sprinkler irrigation on the compartment surface. Potassium hydrogen 0.05mL/L and cytokinin 0.05mL/L to provide nutrients for the growth of mycelium, and at the same time, keep the soil humidity of the compartment floor at 50% to 70%, the air humidity at 70% to 95%, and the temperature at 12 to 22°C; (7) Remove the foreign aid nutrition bag: put the nutrition bag for 7 to 40 days, the standard nutrition bag is covered with mycelium, and the mycelium is very dense, then remove it, one of the incentives for the mycelium to enter reproductive growth after removing the external source nutrition bag After water stimulation, the soil should be relatively dry before water stimulation. After water stimulation, the soil moisture content is 50% to 65%, the air humidity is 85% to 90%, and the temperature is 12 to 22°C; (8) Morel fruiting management After the mycelium of morels differentiates to form a primordium to a small fruiting body with a stipe and a cap, it enters the mushrooming stage of morels. The period from the appearance of the primordia to the growth of 3cm is a critical period. During this period, the soil on the compartment surface The humidity is controlled at 50% to 60% of the field water holding capacity, the air humidity is controlled at 85% to 90%, and the temperature is 12 to 22°C. If the conditions are slightly uncomfortable, a large number of primordia will die; (9) Harvesting After the fruit body grows for 5 to 10 days, when the color changes from gray to grayish yellow, a small amount of white spore powder appears on the surface of the fruit body, and when it reaches the maturity standard, harvest in time. Pick one mature one, and pick each in the morning, noon, and afternoon. 1 time; when picking, use a wooden knife to cut off neatly from the junction of the base of the stipe and the soil, and do not pull it directly from the soil by hand, so as not to damage the surrounding young primordia and immature fruiting bodies. 2. The multi-season planting method of hickory chick in high-cold and high-altitude regions according to claim 1, characterized in that, in said step 1, the loading capacity of the first layer is 15% of the test tube volume, and the water content is 50-75% %, the second layer is 25% of the test tube volume, and the water content is 55-70%, the third layer is 15% of the test tube volume, and the water content is 40-55%, and the fourth layer is 25% of the test tube volume , the water content is 35-50%, the fifth layer is 20% of the test tube volume, the water content is 55-80%, and 5% of the space is reserved at the test tube mouth to facilitate the air circulation in the tube. 3. A method for planting hickory chicks in multiple seasons in high-cold and high-altitude regions according to claim 1, characterized in that, in said step 2, the loading standard of the main material of the compost is no more than 3/5, and then the Sealing material, the filling standard of the sealing material is not less than 1/5, the filling should not be too heavy, a wooden strip is inserted in the middle of the material, and 1/5 of the space should be left in the bottle or bag to ensure the ventilation of the material . 4. The multi-season planting method of hickory chick in high-cold and high-altitude regions according to claim 1, characterized in that, in the third step, the raw materials are mixed and mixed with water, and the water content is 45% to 60%. , that is, the foreign aid nutrition bag nutrition is obtained, and the nutrition is bagged and sealed in sequence, without autoclaving, to obtain the nutrition bag. 5. The multi-season planting method of hickory chick in high-cold and high-altitude areas according to claim 1, characterized in that, in said step 4, the amount of organic fertilizer used is 800-1200 kg/mu, and the use of rapeseed meal The amount is 120-130kg/mu. 6. The multi-season planting method of hickory chick in high-cold and high-altitude areas according to claim 1, characterized in that, in the step 4, the first water replenishment is carried out after the foreign aid nutrition bag is removed, and the water replenishment amount is 2L/ m ² , after that, water was added every 7 days for water stimulation until the primordia appeared. 7. The method for planting hickory chick in multiple seasons in high-cold and high-altitude areas according to claim 6, characterized in that, in step 4, potassium dihydrogen phosphate 0.05mL/L and cytokinin are added to the water when replenishing water 0.05mL/L, the speed of water stimulation is 250～1000mL/hour. Square meters, 12 hours to 40 hours each time, the soil should be relatively dry before water stimulation, after water stimulation, the soil moisture content is 50% to 65%, the air humidity is 85% to 90%, and the temperature is 12 to 22°C.