CN105993613A - Method for multi-season toadstool planting in high, cold and high-altitude areas - Google Patents

Method for multi-season toadstool planting in high, cold and high-altitude areas Download PDF

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CN105993613A
CN105993613A CN201610657674.8A CN201610657674A CN105993613A CN 105993613 A CN105993613 A CN 105993613A CN 201610657674 A CN201610657674 A CN 201610657674A CN 105993613 A CN105993613 A CN 105993613A
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water
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mycelium
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常毓巍
何淑玲
马令法
杨敬军
李瑛萍
马军
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Guangxi Normal University for Nationalities
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    • A01AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01GHORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G18/00Cultivation of mushrooms

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Abstract

本发明公开了一种高寒高海拔地区羊肚菌多季种植方法,包括如下步骤:1:羊肚菌子实体的分离克隆;2:栽培种的制作;3:外援营养袋的制作;本发明方法在高寒、高海拔等自然条件恶劣地区不受自然条件限制,可周年规模化、规范化种植羊肚菌,所用材料来源广泛、便捷,能变废为宝,且循环利用生活、生产等废旧物如废纸、废纸箱、草木灰、农作物秸秆、落叶、腐熟的家禽、家畜粪便等,该技术不但出菇重复性高,产量高且稳定,而且经济、环保的日光温室羊肚菌反季节种植技术。The invention discloses a multi-season planting method of hickory chick in high-cold and high-altitude areas, comprising the following steps: 1: isolation and cloning of hickory chick fruiting bodies; 2: production of cultivated species; 3: production of foreign aid nutrition bags; the method of the invention In areas with harsh natural conditions such as high cold and high altitude, it is not restricted by natural conditions, and morels can be grown on a large-scale and standardized basis every year. Waste paper, waste cardboard boxes, plant ash, crop straw, fallen leaves, decomposed poultry, livestock manure, etc., this technology not only has high repeatability of fruiting, high and stable yield, but also economical and environmentally friendly morel off-season planting technology in solar greenhouses .

Description

一种高寒高海拔地区羊肚菌多季种植方法A kind of multi-season planting method of hickory chick in high-cold and high-altitude area

技术领域technical field

本发明属于设施农业食用菌种植技术领域,特别涉及一种高寒高海拔地区羊肚菌多季种植方法。The invention belongs to the technical field of planting edible fungi in protected agriculture, and in particular relates to a multi-season planting method for hickory chick in high-cold and high-altitude areas.

背景技术Background technique

羊肚菌(Morchella esculenta)是一种名贵食药用真菌,羊肚菌科、羊肚菌属多种真菌的总称,更是营养及药用价值都较高的真菌。野生种常于春末夏初发生,羊肚菌营养丰富,含有多种蛋白质、多糖、维生素、矿质元素及20余种氨基酸,被认定为人体营养的高级补品,成为世界上最著名的珍贵食用菌之一。而且,羊肚菌还具有较强的抗肿瘤、增强人体免疫力、补肾壮阳、预防感冒、强身健体等作用。除了食用、药用价值外,现代社会还针对其特殊营养成分开发了商业化的调味品、保健饮品、食品(氨基酸)添加剂、泡酒等一系列产品。由此可见,羊肚菌是一种开发前景广阔的珍稀食药用菌。目前国内一些高档酒店和电商市场均能见到羊肚菌食谱或精装商品销售,如淘宝网标价196元/50克干品,阿里巴巴的羊肚菌干品批发价在800~2000元/斤,其需求量相当大。而目前中国野生羊肚菌受环境恶劣变化和人为肆意采挖影响,野生羊肚菌产量急剧缩减,每年仅产约10吨,人工栽培每年生产量不超过500吨,而全球羊肚菌总需求量预计超过10万吨,因此,仅靠采集野生羊肚菌已经远远不能满足社会需求,而反季节栽培羊肚菌定能带来良好的经济收益。另外羊肚菌在食品、保健品、医药化工等多领域有着广阔的应用前景,是中国主要出口到法国等欧洲国家的食用菌产品,并且随着德、法、意、美等国家对羊肚菌的需求量增大,其价格不断攀升。但是由于羊肚菌人工栽培难度大,人工栽培研究进展缓慢,野生羊肚菌其远远不能满足国内与国际市场的需求,并且由于近年来过渡采挖野生羊肚菌,严重破坏了羊肚菌的生物多样性和森林、草地生态系统平衡。因此,羊肚菌的人工或半人工栽培技术一直是国际食用菌研究的热点,栽培试验偶有成功,但其重复性差,出菇不稳定,产量低,无法进行商业化栽培。因此,研究羊肚菌的高产质优的人工栽培则具有巨大的市场前景和经济效益、生态效益,同时对于减少野生菌类的开采,保护生态环境,具有重要的意义。Morchella esculenta (Morchella esculenta) is a kind of rare edible and medicinal fungus, the general name of various fungi of Morchellaceae and Morchella genus, and it is a fungus with high nutritional and medicinal value. Wild species often occur in late spring and early summer. Morchella is rich in nutrients and contains a variety of proteins, polysaccharides, vitamins, mineral elements and more than 20 kinds of amino acids. It is recognized as a high-level supplement for human nutrition and has become the most famous and precious food in the world one of the bacteria. Moreover, hickory chick also has strong anti-tumor effects, enhances human immunity, invigorates the kidney and strengthens yang, prevents colds, and strengthens the body. In addition to its edible and medicinal value, modern society has developed a series of products such as commercialized condiments, health drinks, food (amino acid) additives, and wine for its special nutritional components. It can be seen that morel is a rare edible and medicinal fungus with broad development prospects. At present, some high-end hotels and e-commerce markets in China can see morel recipes or hardcover products for sale. For example, the price on Taobao is 196 yuan per 50 grams of dry products, and the wholesale price of dried morel products on Alibaba is 800-2000 yuan per month. Jin, its demand is quite large. At present, the wild morels in China are affected by the harsh environment and artificial excavation. The output of wild morels has shrunk sharply, only about 10 tons per year, and the annual production of artificial cultivation is no more than 500 tons. The total demand for morels in the world The quantity is expected to exceed 100,000 tons. Therefore, only relying on collecting wild morels is far from being able to meet social needs, and off-season cultivation of morels will definitely bring good economic benefits. In addition, morel mushrooms have broad application prospects in food, health care products, pharmaceutical chemicals and other fields. They are edible fungus products mainly exported from China to France and other European countries. The demand for bacteria increases, and its price continues to rise. However, due to the difficulty in artificial cultivation of hickory chicks and the slow progress of artificial cultivation research, wild hickory chicks are far from meeting the needs of domestic and international markets, and due to the over-excavation of wild hickory chicks in recent years, the hickory chick has been seriously damaged. Biodiversity and forest and grassland ecosystem balance. Therefore, the artificial or semi-artificial cultivation technology of hickory chick has always been the focus of international edible fungus research. The cultivation experiment has been successful occasionally, but its repeatability is poor, the fruiting is unstable, and the yield is low, so it cannot be cultivated commercially. Therefore, research on the high-yield and high-quality artificial cultivation of Morchella has huge market prospects, economic benefits, and ecological benefits. At the same time, it is of great significance for reducing the exploitation of wild fungi and protecting the ecological environment.

近几年来,我国羊肚菌人工栽培的研究主要集中在菌种生产工艺,各种大田、林地、小麦、麦冬地仿生栽培技术、套种技术方面,国外则主要集中在室内工厂化栽培技术方面。在中国的四川、重庆、云南、湖北等地,基本上实现了羊肚菌的规模化、商业化生产,目前,国内外对羊肚菌(M.esculenta)、黑脉羊肚菌(M.angusticeps)、尖顶羊肚菌(M.conica)的栽培条件已进行了广泛的研究且。2014~2015年投产的羊肚菌种植面积已经达到8000多亩,亩产达到10~150kg/亩。人工栽培羊肚菌的研究探索已有近百年的历史,在1986年美国旧金山州立大学Ron Ower在1982年和1986年被授权了两个羊肚菌栽培的美国专利。在20世纪50年代刘波开展了半人工栽培方面试验研究,并且采用新鲜的天然菌丝体栽培、用新鲜和干燥子实体栽培、用纯培养的菌丝体栽培等,都能成功地长出了子实体。同时。半人工栽培方面,台湾省通过菌土接种法、子实体接种法也开展了半人工栽培试验;国外,在1898年5~6月份Baron dyvoire通过把羊肚菌的子实体块接种在菊芋(Helianthus tuberosus)苗床穴中,秋季在菊芋茎基部四周施人苹果渣,1~2周后再盖上枯枝落叶,翌年春天除去枯枝落叶的方法进行了半人工栽培试验,发现在比较潮湿的条件下,羊肚菌的菌丝体在基质中蔓延生长,其后年年都有羊肚菌子实体长出;在1892年Repin将经培养多月的羊肚菌菌丝体作菌种撒在种花地上栽培,4年后获得菌丝体,且在经碳酸钙处理至碱性的干叶组成的苗床上和从苹果残物填满的山沟中也长出羊肚菌子实体;J.Pelmas报道,用pH值<7的苹果浆或旧报纸都可种出子实体,但实验不能重复;1904~1905年Molliard苹果渣上种出了羊肚菌子实体;1909~1910Matruchat用纸浆、腐木混合物栽培羊肚菌,也获得了子实体。室外栽培方面,我国进行了大量研究。在1997朱斗锡首次报道了羊肚菌栽培方法。四川青川县在上世纪90年代也进行过羊肚菌的大田栽培实验,出菇不是很稳定。因此,寻找一种具有稳定高产量尤其是在高寒地区稳定高产的羊肚菌人工栽培技术,显得极为迫切。因此,该研究的目的在于解决在青海、西藏、甘肃甘南等高寒、高海拔地区如何更好地利用日光温室大棚进行羊肚菌的反季节栽培,以实现高寒地区羊肚菌产量高、品质好以及以此来促进高寒地区经济发展和农牧民增收、创益的目的。In recent years, the research on the artificial cultivation of hickory chick in my country has mainly focused on the production technology of strains, the bionic cultivation technology and interplanting technology of various fields, woodlands, wheat, and Ophiopogon japonicus, while foreign countries have mainly concentrated on the indoor factory cultivation technology. . In China's Sichuan, Chongqing, Yunnan, Hubei and other places, the large-scale and commercial production of Morchella has basically been realized. At present, Morchella (M. Angusticeps), morel apex (M.conica) cultivation conditions have been extensively studied and. From 2014 to 2015, the planting area of morel mushrooms put into production has reached more than 8,000 mu, and the yield per mu has reached 10-150kg/mu. The research and exploration of artificial cultivation of morels has a history of nearly one hundred years. In 1986, Ron Ower of San Francisco State University in the United States was authorized two US patents for the cultivation of morels in 1982 and 1986. In the 1950s, Liu Bo carried out experimental research on semi-artificial cultivation, and cultivated with fresh natural mycelium, cultivated with fresh and dried fruiting bodies, cultivated with purely cultured mycelium, etc., all of which can successfully grow. subentity. Simultaneously. In terms of semi-artificial cultivation, Taiwan Province has also carried out semi-artificial cultivation experiments through the bacterial soil inoculation method and the fruiting body inoculation method; abroad, Baron dyvoire inoculated the fruiting bodies of morels in Jerusalem artichoke (Helianthus In tuberosus) seedbed holes, apply apple pomace around the base of Jerusalem artichoke stems in autumn, cover with litter after 1 to 2 weeks, and remove litter in the next spring. A semi-artificial cultivation experiment was carried out, and it was found that under relatively humid conditions Under the condition, the mycelia of morels spread and grew in the matrix, and the fruiting bodies of morels grew every year thereafter; in 1892, Repin sprinkled the mycelia of morels that had been cultivated for many months on the planting flowers. Cultivated on the ground, mycelium was obtained after 4 years, and morel fruiting bodies were also grown on the seedbed composed of dry leaves treated with calcium carbonate to alkaline and in the ravine filled with apple residues; J.Pelmas reported, Fruiting bodies can be planted with apple pulp or old newspapers with a pH value <7, but the experiment cannot be repeated; morel fruiting bodies were planted on Molliard apple pomace from 1904 to 1905; 1909 to 1910 Matruchat cultivated sheep with a mixture of pulp and rotting wood Belly fungus, also acquires fruiting bodies. In terms of outdoor cultivation, a lot of research has been carried out in our country. In 1997, Zhu Douxi first reported the morel cultivation method. In the 1990s, Qingchuan County, Sichuan Province also carried out field cultivation experiments of Morchella, and the fruiting was not very stable. Therefore, it is extremely urgent to look for a kind of hickory chick artificial cultivation technology with stable high yield especially in high cold area. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to solve how to make better use of solar greenhouses for off-season cultivation of morels in Qinghai, Tibet, Gansu and Gannan and other alpine and high-altitude regions, so as to achieve high yield and good quality of morels in alpine regions As well as the purpose of promoting economic development in alpine regions and increasing income and profit of farmers and herdsmen.

1.中国专利申请CN201310113092.X,公开了一种小麦套作羊肚菌人工仿生栽培的方法,该方法包括:1)制种;2)做畦;3)接种与覆土;4)发菌管理;5)补充营养液;6)出菇管理。1. Chinese patent application CN201310113092.X discloses a method for artificial biomimetic cultivation of wheat intercropping Morchella, the method includes: 1) seed production; 2) furrowing; 3) inoculation and soil covering; 4) germ management ; 5) Supplementary nutrient solution; 6) Management of fruiting.

2.中国专利申请201310129134.9,公开了一种羊肚菌的栽培方法。2. Chinese patent application 201310129134.9 discloses a cultivation method for hickory chick.

3.中国专利申请CN201310152370.2,公开了一种粗腿羊肚菌的林下栽培方法。3. Chinese patent application CN201310152370.2 discloses a method for understory cultivation of Morchella thicklegs.

4.中国专利申请CN201210339140.2,公开了一种羊肚菌的栽培新方法。4. Chinese patent application CN201210339140.2 discloses a new method for cultivating Morchella.

5.中国专利申请CN201310115468.0公开了梯棱羊肚菌的栽培方法。5. The Chinese patent application CN201310115468.0 discloses a cultivation method of Morchella spp.

6.中国专利申请CN201310597665.0公开了利用生料栽培羊肚菌的方法。6. Chinese patent application CN201310597665.0 discloses a method for cultivating hickory chicks using raw meal.

7.中国专利申请CN200910060399.1公开了羊肚菌培养料配方及羊肚菌天然栽培方法。7. Chinese patent application CN200910060399.1 discloses morel culture material formula and morel natural cultivation method.

8.中国专利申请CN200810058482.0公开了一种尖顶羊肚菌生态栽培方法,。8. The Chinese patent application CN200810058482.0 discloses an ecological cultivation method for morel apex.

9.中国专利申请CN201310549990.X公开了一种羊肚菌培养料及其栽培技术。9. Chinese patent application CN201310549990.X discloses a hickory chick compost and its cultivation technology.

10.中国专利申请CN201010148565.6公开了一种羊肚菌的室内栽培方法及其所用温室。10. The Chinese patent application CN201010148565.6 discloses an indoor cultivation method of Morchella and the greenhouse used therein.

11.中国专利申请CN200610010962.0公开了羊肚菌扩繁方法。11. Chinese patent application CN200610010962.0 discloses a method for multiplying Morchella.

12.中国专利申请CN201010287662.3公开了羊肚菌大田商业化栽培新方法。12. Chinese patent application CN201010287662.3 discloses a new method for field commercial cultivation of Morchella.

13.据农联网(http://www.agrilink.cn)2013-03=21报道,2013年四川省农业厅联合省农科院在什邡、金堂、崇州等地,采用稻—菜—菌复合种植模式栽培羊肚菌,亩产达300~500斤,是一种羊肚菌新种植模式。13. According to the report of Agricultural Network (http://www.agrilink.cn) 2013-03=21, in 2013, the Sichuan Provincial Department of Agriculture and the Provincial Academy of Agricultural Sciences used rice-vegetable-bacteria compound in Shifang, Jintang, Chongzhou and other places. Planting Mode Cultivation of Morchella, with an yield of 300-500 catties per mu, is a new planting mode of Morchella.

14.中国专利申请CN105218252 A公开了一种羊肚菌栽培专用固体营养液覆土材料的制备方法。14. Chinese patent application CN105218252 A discloses a preparation method of a solid nutrient solution-covered soil material specially used for morel cultivation.

15.中国专利申请CN 105154342 A公开了一种羊肚菌液态菌种的培养方法。15. Chinese patent application CN 105154342 A discloses a method for cultivating morel liquid strains.

16.中国专利申请CN 105191667 A公开了羊肚菌营养配方、营养袋及其制备方法与羊肚菌培养方法。16. Chinese patent application CN 105191667 A discloses a morel mushroom nutritional formula, a nutritional bag, a preparation method thereof, and a morel mushroom cultivation method.

17.中国专利申请CN 103907471 A公开了一种麦冬无遮盖套种羊肚菌的方法。17. Chinese patent application CN 103907471 A discloses a method for interplanting Morchella radix Ophiopogon japonicus without covering.

18.中国专利申请CN 103907481 A公开了一种羊肚菌优质菌种的生产工艺。18. Chinese patent application CN 103907481 A discloses a production process of high-quality morel strains.

19.中国专利申请CN 103583232 A公开了一种羊肚菌培养料及其栽培技术。19. Chinese patent application CN 103583232 A discloses a hickory chick compost and its cultivation technology.

20.中国专利申请CN 103190292 A公开了粗腿羊肚菌的林下栽培方法。20. Chinese patent application CN 103190292 A discloses an understory cultivation method for Morchella thicklegs.

然而,上述方法均存在如下缺点:按其技术和方法在高寒高海拔地区,种植羊肚菌产量都非常低,甚至因受低温的限制而不能出菇,因此均不能在高寒地区实现周年化生产。However, the above-mentioned methods all have the following disadvantages: according to the technology and method in the alpine and high-altitude areas, the output of morels is very low, and even the mushrooms cannot be produced due to the limitation of low temperature, so the annual production cannot be realized in the alpine areas .

以上技术和方法中提到的原料在高寒地区受到极大的限制,不能循环利用废纸、废纸箱、农作物秸秆等工作、生活废弃物,需要投入大量材料费用,同时,对种植户来说,需要生产菌种的先进设备和场所,技术要求高,种植户很难操作,因此使其生产成本增高;在大规模种植仅使用遮阳网荫棚时,由于高寒高海拔地区风力大,很容易被大风掀翻,加之紫外线非常强,遮阳网易于老化,要经常更换,造成管理麻烦和成本增加,同时,在寒冷季节种植起不到保暖作用;羊肚菌采摘后,遮荫网还需要进行人工回收,回收以后的材料不能循环利用,而且费工费时,遮阳网材料残留在土壤中,还会对土壤造成进一步污染,影响下一茬羊肚菌种植。The raw materials mentioned in the above technologies and methods are greatly restricted in the alpine region, and it is impossible to recycle waste paper, waste cardboard boxes, crop straws and other work and domestic waste, which requires a large amount of material costs. At the same time, for the growers , requires advanced equipment and places for the production of strains, high technical requirements, and difficult for growers to operate, thus increasing the production cost; when only using shade net shade sheds for large-scale planting, due to the strong wind in the alpine and high altitude areas, it is easy to Overturned by strong winds, coupled with very strong ultraviolet rays, the sunshade nets are prone to aging and need to be replaced frequently, resulting in troublesome management and increased costs. At the same time, planting in cold seasons does not have the effect of keeping warm; Manual recycling, the materials after recycling cannot be recycled, and it is labor-intensive and time-consuming. The material of the sunshade net remains in the soil, which will cause further pollution to the soil and affect the planting of the next crop of morels.

综上所述,目前所采用的羊肚菌人工种植方法普遍选用的原料及配方比较复杂,尤其是象6~苄基腺嘌呤、赤霉素等药品种植户得到较困难且成本较高,同时在制种过程中需要先进、高端的设备,价格非常昂贵,同时,大面积使用后废弃的遮阳网,会导致管理困难、污染环境等问题。因此,目前迫切需要一种新的方法,以解决上述问题。To sum up, the raw materials and formulas commonly used in the artificial planting method of hickory chick adopted at present are more complicated, and it is more difficult and costly to obtain medicines such as 6-benzyl adenine and gibberellin, and at the same time The seed production process requires advanced and high-end equipment, which is very expensive. At the same time, the discarded sunshade nets after large-scale use will cause problems such as management difficulties and environmental pollution. Therefore, a new method is urgently needed to solve the above problems.

发明内容Contents of the invention

为解决上述现有技术存在的问题,本发明的目的在于提供一种高寒高海拔地区羊肚菌多季种植方法,在高寒、高海拔等自然条件恶劣地区不受自然条件限制,可周年规模化、规范化种植羊肚菌,所用材料来源广泛、便捷,能变废为宝,且循环利用生活、生产等废旧物如废纸、废纸箱、草木灰、农作物秸秆、落叶、腐熟的家禽、家畜粪便等,该技术不但出菇重复性高,产量高且稳定,而且经济、环保的日光温室羊肚菌反季节种植技术。In order to solve the problems existing in the above-mentioned prior art, the object of the present invention is to provide a multi-season planting method for hickory chick in high-cold and high-altitude areas, which is not limited by natural conditions in areas with harsh natural conditions such as high-cold and high-altitude areas, and can be scaled up every year. , Standardized cultivation of hickory chicks, the materials used are extensive and convenient, can turn waste into treasure, and recycle waste from life and production, such as waste paper, waste cardboard boxes, plant ash, crop straw, fallen leaves, decomposed poultry, livestock manure etc. This technology not only has high repeatability of fruiting, high and stable yield, but also is an economical and environmentally friendly solar greenhouse morel off-season planting technology.

为达到上述目的,本发明的技术方案为:To achieve the above object, the technical solution of the present invention is:

一种高寒高海拔地区羊肚菌多季种植方法,由如下步骤组成:A multi-season planting method for hickory chick in high-cold and high-altitude areas, comprising the following steps:

步骤1:羊肚菌子实体的分离克隆:Step 1: Isolated cloning of Morchella fruiting bodies:

培养基料在容器中分五层设置,按照质量份数,每一层具体为:第一层为25~80份羊肚菌基脚土+3~5份生石灰+72~15份腐熟牛、羊或鸡粪,第二层为85~65份农作物秸秆粉+15~35份杂木屑,第三层为10~30份小麦+85~65份农作物秸秆粉+1~3份维生素B族+4~2份草木灰,第四层为85~65份农作物秸秆粉+15~35份杂木屑,第五层为10~35份玉米芯+10~30份杂木屑+70~30份粉碎废纸+10~5份尿素,容器口塞上棉塞,在温度为125℃,压力为0.15Mpa下高压灭菌1小时,在室温下自然冷却;将野生或栽培羊肚菌子实体取麦粒大小的1~2块组织接种在上述试管第一层料上,将试管放在12~28℃下,空气湿度为60%~95%,下避光培养,接种后第2天开始长出菌丝,10~15天待试管中长满菌丝直至长出菌核后取试管底部的菌丝或菌核或有菌丝、菌核的培养基直接接种在栽培种培养料上;The culture medium is set in five layers in the container. According to the mass parts, each layer is specifically: the first layer is 25 to 80 parts of morel foot soil + 3 to 5 parts of quicklime + 72 to 15 parts of decomposed beef, Sheep or chicken manure, the second layer is 85-65 parts of crop straw powder + 15-35 parts of miscellaneous wood chips, the third layer is 10-30 parts of wheat + 85-65 parts of crop straw powder + 1-3 parts of vitamin B group + 4-2 parts of plant ash, the fourth layer is 85-65 parts of crop straw powder + 15-35 parts of miscellaneous wood chips, the fifth layer is 10-35 parts of corncobs + 10-30 parts of miscellaneous wood chips + 70-30 parts of crushed waste paper +10-5 parts of urea, put a cotton plug on the mouth of the container, autoclave at a temperature of 125°C and a pressure of 0.15Mpa for 1 hour, and cool naturally at room temperature; take wild or cultivated Morchella fruiting bodies to the size of wheat grains 1 to 2 pieces of tissue were inoculated on the first layer of the above-mentioned test tube, and the test tube was placed at 12-28 ° C, with an air humidity of 60% to 95%, and cultured in the dark, and mycelium began to grow on the second day after inoculation. After 10 to 15 days, the test tube is covered with mycelia until sclerotia grows, and then the mycelium or sclerotia at the bottom of the test tube or the culture medium with mycelium and sclerotia are directly inoculated on the cultivar compost;

步骤2:栽培种的制作Step 2: Production of cultivars

培养主料配方为10%~35%小麦+75%~30%直径0.2~0.5厘米的玉米秸秆颗粒+10%~30%草木灰+1%磷酸二氢钾+3%磷肥+1%石灰;②将浸泡24~48小时的小麦煮至里面不发白但不烂皮后捞出沥干水分,加上玉米秸秆颗粒、草木灰拌匀;③将磷酸二氢钾、磷肥和石灰完全溶解在水里拌在上述混合物里做成培养料,含水量50%~65%;④培养料封口料配方为:60%~82%羊肚菌基脚土,38%~14%草木灰,1%~3%生石灰,1%磷酸二氢钾,含水量30%~45%,pH为7.0~7.5;⑤封口料装瓶或装袋:先将培养料主料装入瓶或袋中,装瓶或装袋,再装入封口料;⑥封口灭菌:121℃~125℃,0.12Mpa~0.15Mpa高压灭菌4~2小时;⑦接种:将灭菌后的料冷却,在无菌环境中接入步骤1分离得到的菌丝或菌核连同培养料取黄豆粒大小接种在封口料上并压紧与料充分接触,一支20mm×200mm试管视菌丝和菌核长势可以接30~55瓶或袋,其中最下层接15~25瓶或袋,第二层接10~20瓶,第一层接5瓶~10瓶;⑧培养:在温度为10~28℃下避光培养,空气湿度为55%~90%,接种后第2~4天开始长出菌丝,10~20天菌丝满瓶或满袋直至长出菌核即为栽培种;The main material formula for cultivation is 10%-35% wheat + 75%-30% corn stalk particles with a diameter of 0.2-0.5 cm + 10%-30% plant ash + 1% potassium dihydrogen phosphate + 3% phosphate fertilizer + 1% lime; ② Cook the wheat soaked for 24 to 48 hours until the inside is not whitish but the skin is not rotten, then remove and drain the water, add corn stalks and plant ash and mix well; ③ Completely dissolve potassium dihydrogen phosphate, phosphate fertilizer and lime in the water Mix it with the above mixture to make compost, with a water content of 50% to 65%; ④The formula of the compost sealing material is: 60% to 82% morel fungus foot soil, 38% to 14% plant ash, 1% to 3% Quicklime, 1% potassium dihydrogen phosphate, water content 30% to 45%, pH 7.0 to 7.5; , and then put in the sealing material; ⑥Sealing sterilization: 121℃~125℃, 0.12Mpa~0.15Mpa autoclave for 4~2 hours; 1. The isolated hyphae or sclerotium together with the culture material are inoculated on the sealing material with the size of soybean grains and pressed tightly to fully contact with the material. A 20mm×200mm test tube can be connected to 30-55 bottles or bags depending on the growth of mycelium and sclerotia. , wherein the bottom layer is connected with 15-25 bottles or bags, the second layer is connected with 10-20 bottles, and the first layer is connected with 5-10 bottles; % to 90%, mycelium begins to grow on the 2nd to 4th day after inoculation, and the mycelium is full of bottles or bags in 10 to 20 days until sclerotia grows, which is the cultivated species;

步骤3:外援营养袋的制作Step 3: Making the foreign aid nutrition bag

(1)外援营养袋养料配方:60%~85%废纸、35%~10%尿素、1%磷酸二氢钾、0.5%硫酸镁、0.5%硫酸锌,3%石膏;(1) Nutrient formula for foreign aid nutrition bags: 60%-85% waste paper, 35%-10% urea, 1% potassium dihydrogen phosphate, 0.5% magnesium sulfate, 0.5% zinc sulfate, 3% gypsum;

步骤4:日光温室棚种植,周年均可种植,此步骤包括:Step 4: Planting in a solar greenhouse, which can be planted every year. This step includes:

(1)整地及播种:①施基肥:施有机肥和油菜饼粉作为基肥,②土壤灭菌:将厢内土壤翻松,整平,先用石灰进行全面的消毒,石灰用量为250kg/亩~350kg/亩,浇一次透水后,晾晒2-5天,再撒一层1厘米厚的草木灰和一层5厘米厚的中砂,喷洒浓度为0.5%氯氰菊酯及50%的辛硫磷混合水溶液杀虫;③温室棚灭菌:土壤消毒后再将地深翻一次后密闭大棚用高锰酸钾和甲醛进行熏蒸灭菌3天,然后通风处理2天;④起厢:平整后的种植土地表面开设厢面,厢面宽度为80~120cm,再在厢面四周开设厢灌水沟,灌水沟的宽度15~30cm,灌水沟的深度为15~20cm,然后将栽培种撒播在厢面上,该技术要求大播种量,分春、秋、冬三季播种;(1) Soil preparation and seeding: ① Base fertilizer application: apply organic fertilizer and rapeseed meal as base fertilizer, ② Soil sterilization: loosen and level the soil in the box, and first use lime for comprehensive disinfection. The amount of lime is 250kg/mu ~350kg/mu, after watering once, let it dry for 2-5 days, then sprinkle a layer of plant ash with a thickness of 1 cm and a layer of medium sand with a thickness of 5 cm, and spray a mixed aqueous solution of 0.5% cypermethrin and 50% phoxim Insecticide; ③Greenhouse Sterilization: After the soil is sterilized, turn the ground once, and then seal the greenhouse with potassium permanganate and formaldehyde for 3 days of fumigation and sterilization, and then ventilate for 2 days; Set up a car surface on the surface, the width of the car surface is 80-120cm, and then set up a car irrigation ditch around the car surface, the width of the irrigation ditch is 15-30cm, and the depth of the irrigation ditch is 15-20cm, and then the cultivated seeds are spread on the car surface. This technology requires a large amount of sowing, sowing in spring, autumn and winter;

(2)消毒:采用75%的酒精对菌种取用器具、盛放盆、接种人员双手等进行消毒后,接种人员通过取用器具将羊肚菌菌种置于盛放器具中;(2) Disinfection: After using 75% alcohol to disinfect the strain taking utensils, holding basins, hands of the inoculation personnel, etc., the inoculation personnel place the morel strains in the holding utensils by taking the utensils;

(3)拌种:将甘油三酯和磷酸二氢钾(1~3:1)与水混合制成拌种溶液,将栽培种拌匀,拌种溶液的用量为栽培质量的25%—35%,因为羊肚菌在营养生长阶段必须储存足够的营养,而甘油三酯可以作为营养物质储存在菌丝里以满足羊肚菌生殖生长的需要,因此,延长了生殖生长时期,减少了病虫害的发生,出菇稳定,大大地提高了种植产量;该技术是本发明的核心技术之三;(3) Seed dressing: Mix triglyceride and potassium dihydrogen phosphate (1-3:1) with water to make a seed dressing solution, mix the cultivated species well, and the amount of seed dressing solution is 25%-35% of the cultivation quality. %, because morels must store sufficient nutrients during the vegetative growth stage, and triglycerides can be stored in the mycelia as nutrients to meet the needs of morels' reproductive growth, thus prolonging the reproductive growth period and reducing pests and diseases Occurrence of fruiting, stable fruiting, greatly improved the planting yield; this technology is three of the core technology of the present invention;

(4)播种:在厢面上先用1%磷酸二氢钾+1%赤霉素+0.5%硫酸镁+0.5%硫酸锌+10%草木灰的混合营养液洒湿整个厢面,再直接在厢面上进行撒播,后覆盖2~4cm的土,再将厢内土壤进行4~6小时的喷灌,直至使土壤湿度达到95%,再在厢面上覆盖一层(2~3cm厚)的作物秸秆,以利于保湿;目的是通过进行第一次的水刺激使正在生长的菌丝进入生殖生长;如果第一季在2月初播种,菌丝营养生长在2、3和4月,子实体生殖生长在5月中旬至6月初,25~40天生长周期结束,在整个生长阶段,在高寒地区棚内温度不会低于羊肚菌生活史的最低生长温度,子实体生长1个月左右结束了整个生活史,第一季出菇产量约为100~150kg/亩;接着夏季在6月初进行第二季播种,菌丝营养生长在6、7和8月,8月中旬至9月初开始出菇,这个季节,在高寒地区温度也不会超过其生活史的最高生长温度,子实体生长30~50天完成了整个生活史,第二季出菇产量约为150~kg/亩,接着10月份初进行第三季播种,菌丝营养生长在10、11、12和1月,由于早晚温差较大,一天中棚内凌晨3:00~5:00温度为最低~5℃~3℃,菌丝生长期延长,子实体生殖生长在第二年的1月底至2月初,这个季节,在高寒高海拔地区温室棚温度也不会低于其生活史的最底生长温度,子实体生长40~55天完成了整个生活史,第二季出菇产量170~200kg/亩;因此,可以实现一年三季的周年生产,且由于,高寒高海拔地区几乎没有高于30℃的季节,出菇会延长至30~40天,而在温度较高地区羊肚菌子实体出菇仅为10~15天;加大播种量是提高产量的关键之一,另外用营养液喷洒厢面可以为菌丝生长提供必要的无机盐、激素等物质,另外羊肚菌连作更能丰富土壤的微生物区系,从而比单作大大地提高了产量;(4) Sowing: Sprinkle the whole car surface with a mixed nutrient solution of 1% potassium dihydrogen phosphate + 1% gibberellin + 0.5% magnesium sulfate + 0.5% zinc sulfate + 10% plant ash on the car surface, and then directly on the car surface Sow on the surface of the compartment, and then cover with 2-4cm of soil, then spray the soil in the compartment for 4-6 hours until the soil humidity reaches 95%, and then cover the surface of the compartment with a layer (2-3cm thick) of Crop stalks to facilitate moisture retention; the purpose is to make the growing mycelium enter reproductive growth by performing the first water stimulation; if the first season is sown in early February, the mycelium will grow vegetatively in February, March and April, and the fruiting body Reproductive growth is from mid-May to early June, and the 25-40-day growth cycle ends. During the whole growth stage, the temperature in the shed in the alpine area will not be lower than the lowest growth temperature of the life history of morels, and the fruiting bodies will grow for about 1 month. After the whole life cycle is over, the fruiting output in the first season is about 100-150kg/mu; then the second season is sown in early June in summer, and the vegetative growth of mycelia occurs in June, July and August, and starts from mid-August to early September Fruiting, in this season, the temperature in the alpine region will not exceed the maximum growth temperature of its life history. The fruiting bodies grow for 30-50 days to complete the entire life history. The output of mushrooms in the second season is about 150-kg/mu, and then The third season is sown at the beginning of October, and mycelia grow vegetatively in October, November, December and January. Due to the large temperature difference between morning and evening, the temperature in the shed is the lowest at 3:00-5:00 in the morning of the day ~ 5°C ~ 3°C , the mycelial growth period is extended, and the fruiting body reproduces and grows from the end of January to the beginning of February of the second year. The entire life cycle is completed in 40-55 days, and the output of mushrooms in the second season is 170-200kg/mu; therefore, the annual production of three seasons in a year can be realized, and because there are almost no seasons higher than 30°C in the alpine and high-altitude areas, the output Mushrooms will be extended to 30-40 days, but in higher temperature areas, the fruiting body of Morchella is only 10-15 days; increasing the amount of sowing is one of the keys to increase production, and spraying the car surface with nutrient solution can provide bacteria Silk growth provides necessary inorganic salts, hormones and other substances. In addition, the continuous cropping of morels can enrich the microbial flora of the soil, thus greatly increasing the yield compared with single cropping;

(5)投放外援营养袋(5) Drop foreign aid nutrition bags

在步骤4羊肚菌播种后第:7~10天,在养料袋上扎孔,将养料袋开孔的一侧平放于土壤表面,压至与所有孔均与土壤充分接触,如果将孔暴露在空气中,就会引起营养袋内的养料感染杂菌而霉变,外援营养袋之间的距离为25cm~45cm,行距30cm~50cm;On the 7th to 10th day after step 4 hickory chick sowing, pierce holes on the nutrient bag, place the side of the nutrient bag opening on the soil surface, and press until all the holes are in full contact with the soil. Exposure to the air will cause the nutrients in the nutrition bags to be infected with bacteria and become moldy. The distance between the foreign aid nutrition bags is 25cm-45cm, and the row spacing is 30cm-50cm;

(6)菌丝生长阶段管理(6) Mycelia growth stage management

在步骤5羊肚菌播种后,因土壤水分蒸发而导致土壤发白时,就要进行土地灌水沟漫灌和厢面喷灌处理,进行灌溉时,水里加上甘油三酯0.5mL/L、磷酸二氢钾0.05mL/L和细胞分裂素0.05mL/L,以提供菌丝生长的营养,同时,保持厢面土壤湿度50%~70%,空气湿度70%~95%,温度12~22℃;After the morels are sown in step 5, when the soil turns white due to the evaporation of soil water, it is necessary to carry out flood irrigation of land irrigation ditch and sprinkler irrigation on the compartment surface. Potassium hydrogen 0.05mL/L and cytokinin 0.05mL/L to provide nutrients for the growth of mycelium, and at the same time, keep the soil humidity of the compartment floor at 50% to 70%, the air humidity at 70% to 95%, and the temperature at 12 to 22°C;

(7)拿掉外援营养袋:营养袋投放7~40天,标准营养袋内长满菌丝,且菌丝非常密集后拿掉,拿掉外源营养袋菌丝进入生殖生长的诱因之一,后进行第一次补水2L/m2,后每隔7天补一次水进行水刺激,直到原基出现,补水时向水中加入磷酸二氢钾0.05mL/L和细胞分裂素0.05mL/L,水刺激的速度为250~1000mL/小时﹒平方米,每次12小时到40小时,在水刺激前土壤要相对的干燥,水刺激后的土壤含水量50%~65%,空气湿度85%~90%,温度12~22℃;(7) Remove the foreign aid nutrition bag: put the nutrition bag for 7 to 40 days, the standard nutrition bag is covered with mycelium, and the mycelium is very dense, then remove it, one of the incentives for the mycelium to enter reproductive growth after removing the external source nutrition bag , after the first replenishment of water 2L/m 2 , then replenish water every 7 days for water stimulation until the primordium appears, add potassium dihydrogen phosphate 0.05mL/L and cytokinin 0.05mL/L to the water during replenishment , the speed of water stimulation is 250~1000mL/hour. Square meters, 12 hours to 40 hours each time, the soil should be relatively dry before water stimulation, the soil water content after water stimulation is 50% to 65%, the air humidity is 85% to 90%, and the temperature is 12 to 22°C;

(8)羊肚菌出菇管理(8) Morel fruiting management

羊肚菌菌丝分化形成原基到具有菌柄和菌盖的幼小子实体后,进入羊肚菌出菇阶段,原基出现到长到3cm期间是一个关键的时期这段时间,厢面土壤湿度控制在田间持水量的50%~60%,空气湿度控制在85%~90%,温度12~22℃,条件稍有不适,原基就会大量死亡;After the mycelium of morels differentiates to form a primordium to a small fruiting body with a stipe and a cap, it enters the mushrooming stage of morels. The period from the appearance of the primordia to the growth of 3cm is a critical period. During this period, the soil on the compartment surface The humidity is controlled at 50% to 60% of the field water holding capacity, the air humidity is controlled at 85% to 90%, and the temperature is 12 to 22°C. If the conditions are slightly uncomfortable, a large number of primordia will die;

(9)采收(9) Harvesting

子实体生长5~10天后,颜色由灰色变成灰黄时,子实体表面开始有少量白色孢子粉出现时达到成熟标准及时进行采收,成熟一个采收一个,每天早晨、中午、下午各采摘1次;采摘时,用木制刀具从菌柄基部与土壤的交接处,整齐切断,不要用手直接从土壤上拔起,以免损伤周围的幼小原基和未成熟的子实体。After the fruit body grows for 5 to 10 days, when the color changes from gray to grayish yellow, a small amount of white spore powder appears on the surface of the fruit body, and when it reaches the maturity standard, harvest in time. Pick one mature one, and pick each in the morning, noon, and afternoon. 1 time; when picking, use a wooden knife to cut off neatly from the junction of the base of the stipe and the soil, and do not pull it directly from the soil by hand, so as not to damage the surrounding young primordia and immature fruiting bodies.

进一步的,所述步骤一中,第一层装量为试管容积15%,含水量为50~75%,第二层装量为试管容积25%,含水量为55~70%,第三层装量为试管容积15%,含水量为40~55%,第四层装量为试管容积25%,含水量为35~50%,第五层装量为试管容积20%,含水量为55~80%,试管口留出5%的空间以利于管内空气流通。Further, in said step 1, the filling capacity of the first layer is 15% of the test tube volume, and the water content is 50-75%, the filling capacity of the second layer is 25% of the test tube volume, and the water content is 55-70%, and the third layer The filling capacity is 15% of the test tube volume, and the water content is 40-55%. The fourth layer is 25% of the test tube volume, and the water content is 35-50%. ~80%, leave 5% space at the mouth of the test tube to facilitate the air circulation in the tube.

进一步的,所述步骤二中,培养料主料装量标准为不大于3/5,再装入封口料,封口料装量标准为不少于1/5,装料不能太实,料中间插上一支木条,且瓶或袋要留出1/5的空间,以确保料的通气性。Further, in the step 2, the standard of the main material of the culture material is no more than 3/5, and then the sealing material is loaded, the standard of the sealing material is not less than 1/5, the filling should not be too heavy, and the middle of the material Insert a wooden strip, and leave 1/5 of the space in the bottle or bag to ensure the ventilation of the material.

进一步的,所述步骤三中,将各原料混合后用水拌匀,含水量为45%~60%,即得外援营养袋养料,将养料依次进行装袋、封口,不需要高压灭菌,即得养料袋。Further, in the step 3, after mixing the raw materials, mix well with water, and the water content is 45% to 60%, that is, the foreign aid nutrition bag nutrition is obtained, and the nutrition is bagged and sealed in sequence without autoclaving, that is, Get a food bag.

进一步的,所述步骤四中,有机肥的使用量为800~1200kg/亩,油菜饼粉的使用量为120~130kg/亩。Further, in the step 4, the amount of organic fertilizer used is 800-1200 kg/mu, and the amount of rapeseed cake powder used is 120-130 kg/mu.

进一步的,所述步骤四中,拿掉外援营养袋后进行第一次补水,补水量为2L/m2,后每隔7天补一次水进行水刺激,直到原基出现。Further, in the step 4, after removing the foreign aid nutrition bag, the first water replenishment is performed, and the amount of water replenishment is 2L/m 2 , and then water is replenished every 7 days for water stimulation until the primordia appear.

进一步的,所述步骤四中,补水时向水中加入磷酸二氢钾0.05mL/L和细胞分裂素0.05mL/L,水刺激的速度为250~1000mL/小时﹒平方米,每次12小时到40小时,在水刺激前土壤要相对的干燥,水刺激后的土壤含水量50%~65%,空气湿度85%~90%,温度12~22℃。Further, in step 4, 0.05 mL/L of potassium dihydrogen phosphate and 0.05 mL/L of cytokinin are added to the water when replenishing water, and the water stimulation rate is 250-1000 mL/hour. Square meters, 12 hours to 40 hours each time, the soil should be relatively dry before water stimulation, after water stimulation, the soil moisture content is 50% to 65%, the air humidity is 85% to 90%, and the temperature is 12 to 22°C.

相对于现有技术,本发明的有益效果为:Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are:

①本发明野生(或栽培)种的子实体的分离克隆技术采用了五层特殊而不同的原料配方,因为菌丝经过五层不同培养料的生长已经达到了纯化和复壮的目的,可以直接用来生产栽培种,省去了母种和原种的制作,大大地缩短了制种周期。②在栽培种制作时原料主要以羊肚菌基脚土、草木灰,腐熟牛(或羊、鸡)粪、农作秸秆粉、玉米芯、麸皮为主,所用材料来源非常便捷、广泛、廉价,投入少,大大地降低了成本,但提高了产量。③在营养袋养料配方中以碎纸和尿素为主所用所用材料来源同样非常便捷、广泛、廉价,投入少,大大地降低了成本,而且循坏利用了生活、工作废品,也保护了生态环境。④在整地时进行了施基肥、土壤灭菌、温室棚灭菌三个环节,因此,在种植期间没有病虫害发生,且提高了产量。⑤拌种时采用甘油三酯和磷酸二氢钾的混合液作为拌种液,因为甘油三酯可以作为营养物质储存在菌丝里以满足羊肚菌生殖生长的需要,因此,延长了生殖生长时期,并且减少了病虫害的发生,提高了种植产量。⑥播种前用营养液喷洒厢面可以为菌丝生长提供必要的无机盐、激素等物质,播种后将厢面土壤进行4~6小时的喷灌,目的是通过进行第一次的水刺激使正在生长的菌丝进入生殖生长,从而提前出菇,可以缩短种植周期,再在厢面上覆盖一层(2~3cm厚)的作物秸秆,以利于保湿间接地提高了产量。⑦羊肚菌连作更能丰富土壤的微生物区系,从而比单作大大地提高了产量。⑧投放外援营养袋的最佳时间为羊肚菌播种后第7~10天。⑨拿掉外援营养袋最适时间为16天,因为此时营养袋内已经长满了密集的菌丝,此时拿掉外源营养可以诱导羊肚菌较早地进入生殖生长,同时进行第一次补水2L/m2,后每隔7天补一次水进行水刺激,直到原基出现,补水时向水中加入磷酸二氢钾0.05mL/L和细胞分裂素0.05mL/L,水刺激的速度为250~1000mL/小时﹒平方米2,每次12小时到40小时,在水刺激前土壤要相对的干燥,水刺激后的土壤含水量50%~65%,空气湿度85%~90%,温度12~22℃。⑩菌丝生长阶段进行灌溉时,水里加上甘油三酯0.5mL/L、磷酸二氢钾0.05mL/L和细胞分裂素0.05mL/L,以提供菌丝生长的营养,原基长到3cm关键的时期时,厢面土壤湿度控制在田间持水量的50%~60%,空气湿度控制在85%~90%,温度12~22℃,最适温度18℃,条件稍有不适,原基就会大量死亡。1. The separation and cloning technology of the fruiting bodies of the wild (or cultivated) species of the present invention has adopted five layers of special and different raw material formulations, because the mycelium has reached the purpose of purification and rejuvenation through the growth of five layers of different culture materials, it can be directly used To produce cultivated species, save the production of mother species and original species, greatly shortening the seed production cycle. ②In the production of cultivated species, the raw materials are mainly morel foot soil, plant ash, decomposed cow (or sheep, chicken) manure, agricultural straw powder, corn cob, and bran. The sources of materials used are very convenient, extensive and cheap , less investment, greatly reducing the cost, but increasing the output. ③ Shredded paper and urea are the main materials used in the nutritional bag nutrition formula. The sources of materials used are also very convenient, extensive, and cheap, with less investment, which greatly reduces the cost, and recycles waste from life and work, and also protects the ecological environment. . ④Three links of basal fertilizer application, soil sterilization, and greenhouse sterilization were carried out during site preparation, so no pests and diseases occurred during the planting period, and the yield was increased. ⑤The mixture of triglyceride and potassium dihydrogen phosphate is used as the seed dressing solution during seed dressing, because triglyceride can be stored in the mycelium as a nutrient to meet the needs of the reproductive growth of morels, thus prolonging the reproductive growth Period, and reduce the occurrence of diseases and insect pests, improve planting yield. ⑥Spraying the compartment surface with nutrient solution before sowing can provide necessary inorganic salts, hormones and other substances for the growth of mycelium. After sowing, spray the soil on the compartment surface for 4 to 6 hours. The growing mycelium enters into the reproductive growth, so as to produce mushrooms in advance, which can shorten the planting period, and then cover a layer of crop straw (2-3cm thick) on the box surface to facilitate moisture retention and indirectly increase the yield. ⑦ Continuous cropping of morels can enrich the microbial flora of the soil, thereby greatly increasing the yield compared with single cropping. ⑧ The best time to put in foreign aid nutrition bags is the 7th to 10th day after morel sowing. ⑨The optimal time to remove the foreign aid nutrition bag is 16 days, because the nutrition bag is already full of dense hyphae at this time, and removing the external source of nutrition at this time can induce morels to enter reproductive growth earlier, and at the same time carry out the first Replenish 2L/m 2 of water once, and then replenish water every 7 days for water stimulation until the primordia appear. The speed is 250~1000mL/hour. Square meter 2, 12 hours to 40 hours each time, the soil should be relatively dry before water stimulation, the soil water content after water stimulation is 50% to 65%, the air humidity is 85% to 90%, and the temperature is 12 to 22°C. ⑩When irrigating during the mycelial growth stage, add triglyceride 0.5mL/L, potassium dihydrogen phosphate 0.05mL/L and cytokinin 0.05mL/L to the water to provide nutrients for mycelial growth, and the primordium grows to 3cm During the critical period, the soil humidity of the box surface is controlled at 50% to 60% of the field water holding capacity, the air humidity is controlled at 85% to 90%, the temperature is 12 to 22°C, the optimum temperature is 18°C, and the conditions are slightly uncomfortable. will die in large numbers.

综上所述,本发明的有益效果:1)在高寒高海拔地区周年生产羊肚菌,且年产量高达422kg~520kg/亩。2)子实体朵形端正、大小均匀、菌冒周长平均2.5cm~4.0cm,菌冒长2.0~3.5cm,菌柄周长0.5~1.5cm,菌柄长1~2cm,菌冒肉质肥厚,品质俱佳率可高达92%。In summary, the beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows: 1) morels are produced every year in high-cold and high-altitude areas, and the annual output is as high as 422kg-520kg/mu. 2) The flower shape of the fruit body is correct, the size is uniform, the average circumference of the cape is 2.5cm-4.0cm, the length of the cape is 2.0-3.5cm, the circumference of the stipe is 0.5-1.5cm, the length of the stipe is 1-2cm, and the meat of the cape is thick , the rate of excellent quality can be as high as 92%.

3)充分循环利用了生活、工作废品及下脚料,降低了种植成本,提高了产量,保护和修复了生态环境。3) The living and working waste and leftovers are fully recycled, the planting cost is reduced, the output is increased, and the ecological environment is protected and restored.

同时,本发明在制种程序上省去了技术要求最高的母种的制作,且野生种克隆,制作原种、栽培种、栽培料及外援营养袋时选择生活中常见的废纸、废纸箱、玉米芯、小麦、玉米秸秆、麸皮、落叶、鸡粪、牛粪等廉价培养料,充分循环利用了当地的生产、生活下脚及料废弃物等既管理简单易操作,有生态环保、投资小且大大提高了羊肚菌的产量。At the same time, the present invention omits the production of the mother species with the highest technical requirements in the seed production procedure, and wild species are cloned, and common waste paper and waste paper boxes in life are selected when making original seeds, cultivated species, cultivated materials and foreign aid nutrition bags. , corncobs, wheat, corn stalks, bran, fallen leaves, chicken manure, cow manure and other cheap culture materials, fully recycle the local production, domestic waste and material waste, etc. The management is simple and easy to operate, and there is ecological environmental protection and investment. Small and greatly increases the yield of morels.

具体实施方式detailed description

下面结合具体实施方式对本发明技术方案做进一步详细描述:The technical scheme of the present invention is described in further detail below in conjunction with specific embodiments:

一种高寒高海拔地区羊肚菌多季种植方法,由如下步骤组成:A multi-season planting method for hickory chick in high-cold and high-altitude areas, comprising the following steps:

步骤1:野生(或栽培)种的子实体的分离克隆Step 1: Isolated cloning of fruiting bodies of wild (or cultivated) species

所用器材及技术要点:(1)各种规格的试管:10mm×l00mm、12mm×l00mm、15mm×l50mm、18mm×180mm、20mm×200mm;(2)原料:羊肚菌基脚土、腐熟牛(或羊、鸡)粪、小麦、农作秸秆粉、磷肥、白糖、玉米芯、麸皮、粉碎废纸、尿素、维生素B1;(3)技术要点:试管第一层为25~80份羊肚菌基脚土+3~5份生石灰+72~15份腐熟牛、羊或鸡粪,第二层为85~65份农作物秸秆粉+15~35份杂木屑,第三层为10~30份小麦+85~65份农作物秸秆粉+1~3份维生素B族+4~2份草木灰,第四层为85~65份农作物秸秆粉+15~35份杂木屑,第五层为10~35份玉米芯+10~30份杂木屑+70~30份粉碎废纸+10~5份尿素,第一层装量为试管容积15%,含水量为50~75%,第二层装量为试管容积25%,含水量为55~70%,第三层装量为试管容积15%,含水量为40~55%,第四层装量为试管容积25%,含水量为35~50%,第五层装量为试管容积20%,含水量为55~80%,试管口留出5%的空间以利于管内空气流通。容器口塞上棉塞,在温度为125℃,压力为0.15Mpa下高压灭菌1小时,在室温下自然冷却;将野生或栽培羊肚菌子实体取麦粒大小的1~2块组织接种在上述试管第一层料上,将试管放在12~28℃下,空气湿度为60%~95%,下避光培养,接种后第2天开始长出菌丝,10~15天待试管中长满菌丝直至长出菌核后取试管底部的菌丝或菌核或有菌丝、菌核的培养基直接接种在栽培种培养料上;因为菌丝经过三层不同培养料的生长已经达到了纯化和复壮的目的,可以直接用来生产栽培种,省去了母种和原种的制作,大大地缩短了制种周期。Equipment and technical points used: (1) Test tubes of various specifications: 10mm×l00mm, 12mm×l00mm, 15mm×l50mm, 18mm×180mm, 20mm×200mm; (2) Raw materials: Morchella foot soil, decomposed beef ( (or sheep, chicken) manure, wheat, agricultural straw powder, phosphate fertilizer, sugar, corn cob, bran, crushed waste paper, urea, vitamin B1; (3) Technical points: the first layer of the test tube is 25-80 parts of morel Mycobacteria-based foot soil + 3-5 parts of quicklime + 72-15 parts of decomposed cow, sheep or chicken manure, the second layer is 85-65 parts of crop straw powder + 15-35 parts of miscellaneous wood chips, and the third layer is 10-30 parts Wheat + 85-65 parts of crop straw powder + 1-3 parts of vitamin B group + 4-2 parts of plant ash, the fourth layer is 85-65 parts of crop straw powder + 15-35 parts of miscellaneous wood chips, the fifth layer is 10-35 parts 10-30 parts of corn cob + 10-30 parts of miscellaneous sawdust + 70-30 parts of crushed waste paper + 10-5 parts of urea. The volume of the test tube is 25%, the water content is 55-70%, the third layer is 15% of the test tube volume, the water content is 40-55%, the fourth layer is 25% of the test tube volume, and the water content is 35-50% , the filling capacity of the fifth layer is 20% of the test tube volume, the water content is 55-80%, and 5% of the space is reserved at the test tube mouth to facilitate the air circulation in the tube. Put a cotton plug on the mouth of the container, autoclave at a temperature of 125°C and a pressure of 0.15Mpa for 1 hour, and cool naturally at room temperature; inoculate 1 to 2 pieces of tissue of the size of a grain of wheat grain from wild or cultivated Morchella sporocarpus Put the test tube on the first layer of material of the above-mentioned test tube at 12-28 ° C, with an air humidity of 60% to 95%, and cultivate it in the dark, and mycelia will begin to grow on the second day after inoculation, and it will be placed in the test tube after 10-15 days. Take the mycelium or sclerotia at the bottom of the test tube or the medium with mycelium and sclerotia directly inoculated on the cultivar compost until the mycelium grows until the sclerotia grows; The purpose of purification and rejuvenation has been achieved, and it can be directly used to produce cultivated species, which saves the production of mother species and original species, and greatly shortens the seed production cycle.

第一层羊肚菌基脚土含量小于25%时因组织块长时间脱水而变干,导致不能发菌;腐熟牛、羊或鸡粪含量低于15%时菌丝菌丝不扭结,生长缓慢,甚至停止生长;生石灰含量低于3%时料容易霉变,甚至分离失败。第三层为10%~30%小麦;第三层小麦含量10%、维生素B族低于1%和草木灰含量低于2%时在此层菌丝也不会发生扭结,仅有很少量的菌丝才能进入第四层。第五层粉碎废纸含量低于30%和尿素含量低于5%时,菌丝生长缓慢,也不形成菌核,造成产量降低,玉米芯含量低于10%时,培养料通气性较差,容易霉变。When the foot soil content of the first layer of Morchella fungus is less than 25%, the tissue block will dry out due to long-term dehydration, resulting in no fungus; when the content of decomposed cow, sheep or chicken manure is less than 15%, the mycelia will not kink and grow. Slow, or even stop growing; when the quicklime content is less than 3%, the material is prone to mildew, and even the separation fails. The third layer is 10%-30% wheat; when the third layer contains 10% wheat, less than 1% of vitamin B family and less than 2% of plant ash, the hyphae in this layer will not kink, only a small amount The hyphae can enter the fourth layer. When the content of crushed waste paper in the fifth layer is lower than 30% and the content of urea is lower than 5%, the growth of mycelium is slow and no sclerotia is formed, resulting in a decrease in yield. When the content of corncob is lower than 10%, the aeration of the compost is poor , easy to mildew.

步骤2:栽培种的制作Step 2: Production of cultivars

所用器材及技术要点:(1)450~750mL的菌种瓶或聚丙烯菌种袋或洗净的废弃的罐头瓶、输液瓶;(2)原料:羊肚菌基脚土、草木灰,腐熟牛(或羊、鸡)粪、农作秸秆粉、磷肥、白糖、玉米芯、麸皮、尿素;(3)技术要点:①培养主料料配方为10%~35%小麦+75%~30%直径0.2~0.5厘米的玉米秸秆颗粒+10%~30%草木灰+1%磷酸二氢钾+3%磷肥+1%石灰。小麦含量和草木灰含量低于10%时发菌很慢,菌丝也不扭结,形成的菌核较少,甚至不形成菌核,造成出菇少,产量低。小麦含量含量高于30%时,菌丝生长的营养过剩,造成资源浪费,同时提高了生产成本,玉米秸秆颗粒低于10%时,原料的通气性较差,料的霉变率增高。②将浸泡24~48小时的小麦煮至里面不发白但不烂皮后捞出沥干水分,加上玉米秸秆颗粒、杂木屑、麸皮拌匀。③将磷酸二氢钾、磷肥和石灰完全溶解在水里拌在上述混合物里做成培养料,含水量50%~65%,pH为自然。④培养料封口料配方为:60%~82%羊肚菌基脚土,38%~14%草木灰,1%~3%生石灰,1%磷酸二氢钾,含水量30%~45%,pH为7.0~7.5;羊肚菌基脚土含量低于60%和草木灰含量低于14%,发菌迟且慢,料的保水性能差,水分蒸发快,不利于菌核形成。生石灰含量低于1%时,封口料易生线虫,高于3%,料的pH值将高于7.5,碱性太强,不利于菌丝生长。⑤封口料装瓶或装袋:先将培养料主料装入瓶或袋中,装瓶或装袋,装量标准为3/5,再装入封口料,装量标准为1/5,装料不能太实,料中间插上一支木条,以确保料的通气性。⑥封口灭菌:121℃~125℃,0.12Mpa~0.15Mpa高压灭菌2~4小时。⑦接种:将灭菌后的料冷却,在无菌环境中接入步骤1分离得到的菌丝或菌核,一支试管可以接30~55瓶或袋,其中最下层接15~25瓶或袋,第二层接10~20瓶,第一层接5瓶~10瓶。⑧培养:在温度为10~28℃下避光培养,最适温度为18~20℃,空气湿度为55%~90%,最适湿度为65%~75%,接种后第2-4天开始长出菌丝,10~20天菌丝瓶或满袋直至长出菌核即为栽培种。Equipment and technical points used: (1) 450-750mL strain bottle or polypropylene strain bag or washed discarded cans and infusion bottles; (2) Raw materials: Morchella foot soil, plant ash, decomposed beef (or sheep, chicken) manure, farm straw powder, phosphate fertilizer, sugar, corn cob, bran, urea; (3) Technical points: ① The main material formula for cultivation is 10% to 35% wheat + 75% to 30% Corn stalk particles with a diameter of 0.2 to 0.5 cm + 10% to 30% plant ash + 1% potassium dihydrogen phosphate + 3% phosphate fertilizer + 1% lime. When the content of wheat and plant ash is lower than 10%, the fungus grows very slowly, the hyphae are not kinked, and the sclerotium formed is less, or even no sclerotium is formed, resulting in less fruiting and low yield. When the wheat content is higher than 30%, the mycelia will grow with excessive nutrition, resulting in waste of resources and increasing the production cost. When the corn stalk particles are lower than 10%, the ventilation of the raw material is poor, and the mildew rate of the material increases. ②Boil the wheat soaked for 24-48 hours until the inside is not whitish but the skin is not rotten, then remove and drain the water, add corn stalk particles, miscellaneous wood chips, and bran and mix well. ③ Completely dissolve potassium dihydrogen phosphate, phosphate fertilizer and lime in water and mix them in the above mixture to make compost, with a water content of 50% to 65% and a natural pH. ④The formula of culture material sealing material is: 60%~82% Morchella foot soil, 38%~14% plant ash, 1%~3% quicklime, 1% potassium dihydrogen phosphate, water content 30%~45%, pH 7.0 to 7.5; morel foot soil content is less than 60% and plant ash content is less than 14%, germination is slow and slow, the water retention performance of the material is poor, and water evaporates quickly, which is not conducive to the formation of sclerotia. When the quicklime content is less than 1%, the sealing material is prone to nematodes, and if it is higher than 3%, the pH value of the material will be higher than 7.5, and the alkalinity is too strong, which is not conducive to the growth of mycelium. ⑤ Bottling or bagging of the sealing material: first put the main material of the culture material into a bottle or bag, bottle or bag, the filling standard is 3/5, and then put the sealing material, the filling standard is 1/5, The material should not be too heavy, and a wooden strip is inserted in the middle of the material to ensure the air permeability of the material. ⑥Sterilization by sealing: 121℃~125℃, 0.12Mpa~0.15Mpa autoclave for 2~4 hours. ⑦Inoculation: cool the sterilized material, insert the hyphae or sclerotia separated in step 1 in a sterile environment, one test tube can be connected to 30-55 bottles or bags, and the bottom layer can be connected to 15-25 bottles or bags, the second layer is connected with 10-20 bottles, and the first layer is connected with 5-10 bottles. ⑧Cultivation: Cultivate in the dark at a temperature of 10-28°C, the optimum temperature is 18-20°C, the air humidity is 55%-90%, and the optimum humidity is 65%-75%. The 2-4 days after inoculation Mycelium begins to grow, and the mycelium bottle or bag is full in 10 to 20 days until the sclerotium grows, which is the cultivated species.

步骤3:外援营养袋的制作Step 3: Making the foreign aid nutrition bag

(1)外援营养袋养料配方:60%~85%废纸、35%~10%尿素、1%磷酸二氢钾、0.5%硫酸镁、0.5%硫酸锌,3%石膏;废纸含量低于60%和尿素含量低于10%时,菌丝进入营养袋的时间延长,延长了拿掉外援营养带的时间,从而延长了菌丝的营养生长期,推后了生殖生长时间,因此,出菇较晚,使羊肚菌的生长周期延长,不能实现一年三季的生产,间接地降低了产量。(2)将各原料混合后用水拌匀,含水量为45%~60%,即得外援营养袋养料,将养料依次进行装袋、封口,不需要高压灭菌,即得养料袋。营养袋养料材料来源便捷、广泛、廉价,对设备要求不高,投入少,大大地降低了成本,技术简单。(1) Nutrient formula for foreign aid nutrition bags: 60% to 85% waste paper, 35% to 10% urea, 1% potassium dihydrogen phosphate, 0.5% magnesium sulfate, 0.5% zinc sulfate, 3% gypsum; waste paper content is less than When the urea content is less than 60% and the urea content is lower than 10%, the time for the mycelia to enter the nutrition bag is prolonged, and the time for removing the external aid nutrient belt is prolonged, thereby prolonging the vegetative growth period of the mycelia and delaying the reproductive growth time. Mushrooms are late, which prolongs the growth cycle of morels, and cannot realize the production of three seasons a year, which indirectly reduces the output. (2) After mixing the raw materials, mix well with water, and the water content is 45% to 60%, to obtain the nourishment bag for foreign aid. The nourishment bag is packed and sealed in sequence without autoclaving, and the nourishment bag is obtained. The source of nourishment materials in the nutrition bag is convenient, wide and cheap, and the requirements for equipment are not high, and the investment is small, which greatly reduces the cost and the technology is simple.

步骤4:日光温室棚(有通风、灌溉设备)种植,周年均可种植,此步骤包括以下过程:(棚内还可以用种植层架进行立体种植,立体种植技术正在研发中)Step 4: Planting in a solar greenhouse (with ventilation and irrigation equipment), which can be planted every year. This step includes the following process: (Planting shelves can also be used for three-dimensional planting in the shed, and the three-dimensional planting technology is under development)

(1)整地及播种:①施基肥:施有机肥和油菜饼粉作为基肥,有机肥的使用量为800~1200kg/亩,油菜饼粉的使用量为120~130kg/亩;②土壤灭菌:将厢内土壤翻松,整平,先用石灰进行全面的消毒,石灰用量为250kg/亩~350kg/亩,浇一次透水后,晾晒2-5天,再撒一层1厘米厚的草木灰和一层5厘米厚的中砂,喷洒0.5%氯氰菊酯及50%辛硫磷混合水溶液杀虫;③温室棚灭菌:土壤消毒后再将地深翻一次后密闭大棚用高锰酸钾和甲醛进行熏蒸灭菌3天,然后通风处理2天;④起厢:平整后的种植土地表面开设厢面,厢面宽度为80~120cm,再在厢面四周开设厢灌水沟,灌水沟的宽度15~30cm,灌水沟的深度为15~20cm,然后将栽培种撒播在厢面上,该技术要求大播种量,分春、秋、冬三季播种。(1) Soil preparation and sowing: ① Base fertilizer application: apply organic fertilizer and rapeseed meal as base fertilizer, the amount of organic fertilizer used is 800-1200kg/mu, and the amount of rapeseed meal used is 120-130kg/mu; ②Soil sterilization : Loosen and level the soil in the cabin, first use lime for comprehensive disinfection, the amount of lime is 250kg/mu-350kg/mu, after watering once, let it dry for 2-5 days, and then sprinkle a layer of plant ash 1 cm thick And a layer of medium sand with a thickness of 5 cm, spray 0.5% cypermethrin and 50% phoxim mixed aqueous solution to kill insects; ③Greenhouse sterilization: After the soil is sterilized, turn the ground deeply once, then seal the greenhouse with potassium permanganate and formaldehyde Carry out fumigation and sterilization for 3 days, and then ventilate for 2 days; ④ Carriage: set up a car surface on the leveled planting land surface, the width of the car surface is 80-120cm, and then set up car irrigation ditch around the car surface, the width of the irrigation ditch is 15 cm. ~30cm, the depth of the irrigation ditch is 15~20cm, and then the cultivated seeds are sown on the box surface. This technology requires a large amount of sowing, sowing in spring, autumn and winter.

(2)消毒:采用75%的酒精对菌种取用器具、盛放盆、接种人员手等进行消毒后,接种人员通过取用器具将羊肚菌菌种置于盛放器具中。(2) Disinfection: After using 75% alcohol to disinfect the strain taking utensils, holding pots, hands of the inoculation personnel, etc., the inoculation personnel put the morel strains in the holding utensils through the taking utensils.

(3)拌种:将甘油三酯和磷酸二氢钾(1~3:1)与水混合制成拌种溶液,将栽培种拌匀,拌种溶液的用量为栽培质量的25%—35%,因为羊肚菌在营养生长阶段必须储存足够的营养,而甘油三酯可以作为营养物质储存在菌丝里以满足羊肚菌生殖生长的需要,因此,延长了生殖生长时期,减少了病虫害的发生,出菇稳定,大大地提高了种植产量。该技术是本发明的核心技术之三。(3) Seed dressing: Mix triglyceride and potassium dihydrogen phosphate (1-3:1) with water to make a seed dressing solution, mix the cultivated species well, and the amount of seed dressing solution is 25%-35% of the cultivation quality. %, because morels must store sufficient nutrients during the vegetative growth stage, and triglycerides can be stored in the mycelia as nutrients to meet the needs of morels' reproductive growth, thus prolonging the reproductive growth period and reducing pests and diseases The occurrence of fruiting and stable fruiting have greatly improved the planting yield. This technology is the third of the core technology of the present invention.

(4)播种:在厢面上先用1%磷酸二氢钾+1%赤霉素+0.5%硫酸镁+0.5%硫酸锌+10%草木灰的混合营养液洒适整个厢面,喷洒此营养液,能有效打破菌丝的休眠,同时提供菌丝营养生长所需的各种盐。再直接在厢面上进行撒播,后覆盖2~4cm的土,再将厢土壤进行4~6小时的喷灌,直至使土壤湿度达到95%,再在厢面上覆盖一层(2~3cm厚)的作物秸秆,以利于保湿。目的是通过进行第一次的水刺激使正在生长的菌丝进入生殖生长。如果第一季在2月初播种,菌丝营养生长在2、3和4月,子实体生殖生长在5月中旬至6月初,25~40天生长周期结束,在整个生长阶段,在高寒地区棚内温度不会低于羊肚菌生活史的最低生长温度,子实体生长1个月左右结束了整个生活史,第一季出菇产量约为100~150kg/亩。接着夏季在6月初进行第二季播种,菌丝营养生长在6、7和8月,8月中旬至9月初开始出菇,这个季节,在高寒地区温度也不会超过其生活史的最高生长温度,子实体生长30~50天完成了整个生活史,第二季出菇产量约为150~kg/亩,接着10月份初进行第三季播种,菌丝营养生长在10、11、12和1月,由于早晚温差较大,一天中棚内凌晨3:00~5:00温度为最低~5℃~3℃,菌丝生长期延长,子实体生殖生长在第二年的1月底至2月初,这个季节,在高寒高海拔地区温室棚温度也不会低于其生活史的最底生长温度,子实体生长40~55完成了整个生活史,第二季出菇产量170~200kg/亩。因此,可以实现一年三季的周年生产,且由于,高寒高海拔地区几乎没有高于30℃的季节,出菇会延长至30~40天,而在温度较高地区羊肚菌子实体出菇仅有10~15天。加大播种量是提高产量的关键之一,另外用营养液喷洒厢面可以为菌丝生长提供必要的无机盐、激素等物质,另外羊肚菌连作更能丰富土壤的微生物区系,从而比单作大大地提高了产量。(4) Sowing: Sprinkle the entire car surface with a mixed nutrient solution of 1% potassium dihydrogen phosphate + 1% gibberellin + 0.5% magnesium sulfate + 0.5% zinc sulfate + 10% plant ash on the car surface, and spray this nutrient Liquid, can effectively break the dormancy of mycelium, and at the same time provide various salts required for vegetative growth of mycelium. Then spread directly on the surface of the box, and then cover with 2-4cm of soil, then spray the soil of the box for 4-6 hours until the soil humidity reaches 95%, and then cover the surface of the box with a layer (2-3cm thick) ) crop stalks to facilitate moisture retention. The aim is to bring the growing hyphae into reproductive growth by performing the first water stimulation. If the first season is sown in early February, the mycelia will grow vegetatively in February, March and April, and the fruiting bodies will grow from mid-May to early June. The 25-40-day growth cycle ends. The internal temperature will not be lower than the lowest growth temperature in the life history of Morchella. The fruiting bodies will grow for about one month to complete the whole life history. The output of mushrooms in the first season is about 100-150kg/mu. Then in summer, the second season is sown in early June. Mycelia grow vegetatively in June, July and August, and mushrooms begin to emerge from mid-August to early September. In this season, the temperature in alpine areas will not exceed the highest growth in its life history. Temperature, the fruiting body grows for 30-50 days to complete the entire life cycle, the fruiting output in the second season is about 150-kg/mu, and then the third season is sown in early October, and the mycelium grows vegetatively at 10, 11, 12 and In January, due to the large temperature difference between morning and evening, the temperature in the shed is the lowest at 3:00 to 5:00 in the morning in a day ~ 5°C ~ 3°C, the growth period of mycelia is prolonged, and the fruiting body reproduces and grows from the end of January to February of the second year. At the beginning of the month, in this season, the temperature of the greenhouse in the alpine and high-altitude areas will not be lower than the bottom growth temperature of its life history. The fruiting body grows 40-55 to complete the entire life history, and the output of mushrooms in the second season is 170-200kg/mu . Therefore, annual production in three seasons a year can be realized, and since there is almost no season higher than 30°C in high-cold and high-altitude areas, the fruiting will be extended to 30-40 days, while in areas with higher temperatures, the fruiting bodies of Morchella only There are 10 to 15 days. Increasing the sowing rate is one of the keys to increasing the yield. In addition, spraying the compartment surface with nutrient solution can provide necessary inorganic salts, hormones and other substances for the growth of mycelia. Monoculture greatly increases yields.

(5)投放外援营养袋(5) Drop foreign aid nutrition bags

在步骤4羊肚菌播种后第:7~10天,在养料袋上扎孔,将养料袋开孔的一侧平放于土壤表面,压至与所有孔均与土壤充分接触,如果将孔暴露在空气中,就会引起营养袋内的养料感染杂菌而霉变,外援营养袋之间的距离为25cm~45cm,行距30cm~50cm。On the 7th to 10th day after step 4 hickory chick sowing, pierce holes on the nutrient bag, place the side of the nutrient bag opening on the soil surface, and press until all the holes are in full contact with the soil. Exposure to the air will cause the nutrients in the nutrition bags to be infected with bacteria and become mildewed. The distance between the foreign aid nutrition bags is 25cm-45cm, and the row spacing is 30cm-50cm.

(6)菌丝生长阶段管理(6) Mycelia growth stage management

在步骤5羊肚菌播种后,因土壤水分蒸发而导致土壤发白时,就要进行土地灌水沟漫灌和厢面喷灌处理,进行灌溉时,水里加上甘油三酯0.5mL/L、磷酸二氢钾0.05mL/L和细胞分裂素0.05mL/L,以提供菌丝生长的营养,同时,保持厢面土壤湿度50%~70%,最适土壤湿度65%,空气湿度70%~95%,最适空气湿度75%,温度12~22℃,最适温度20℃。After the morels are sown in step 5, when the soil turns white due to the evaporation of soil water, it is necessary to carry out flood irrigation of land irrigation ditch and sprinkler irrigation on the compartment surface. Potassium hydrogen 0.05mL/L and cytokinin 0.05mL/L to provide nutrients for the growth of mycelium, and at the same time, keep the soil humidity of the compartment at 50% to 70%, the optimum soil humidity is 65%, and the air humidity is 70% to 95%. , the optimum air humidity is 75%, the temperature is 12-22°C, and the optimum temperature is 20°C.

(7)拿掉外援营养袋:营养袋投放7~40天,标准营养袋内长满菌丝,且菌丝非常密集后拿掉外源营养袋;拿掉外源营养袋菌丝进入生殖生长的诱因之一,后进行第一次补水2L/m2,后每隔7天补一次水进行水刺激,直到原基出现,补水时向水中加入磷酸二氢钾0.05mL/L和细胞分裂素0.05mL/L,水刺激的速度为250~1000mL/小时﹒平方米,每次12小时到40小时,在水刺激前土壤要相对的干燥,水刺激后的土壤含水量50%~65%,空气湿度85%~90%,温度12~22℃;(7) Remove the foreign aid nutrition bag: put the nutrition bag for 7 to 40 days, the standard nutrition bag is covered with mycelium, and the mycelium is very dense, then remove the external source nutrition bag; remove the external source nutrition bag mycelia to enter reproductive growth One of the incentives, after the first replenishment of water 2L/m 2 , then replenish water every 7 days for water stimulation until the primordia appear, add potassium dihydrogen phosphate 0.05mL/L and cytokinin to the water during replenishment 0.05mL/L, the speed of water stimulation is 250~1000mL/hour. Square meters, 12 hours to 40 hours each time, the soil should be relatively dry before water stimulation, the soil water content after water stimulation is 50% to 65%, the air humidity is 85% to 90%, and the temperature is 12 to 22°C;

(8)羊肚菌出菇管理(8) Morel fruiting management

羊肚菌菌丝分化形成原基到具有菌柄和菌盖的幼小子实体后,进入羊肚菌出菇阶段,原基出现到长到3cm期间是一个关键的时期这段时间,厢面土壤湿度控制在田间持水量的50%~60%,空气湿度控制在85%~90%,温度12~22℃,条件稍有不适,原基就会大量死亡;After the mycelium of morels differentiates to form a primordium to a small fruiting body with a stipe and a cap, it enters the mushrooming stage of morels. The period from the appearance of the primordia to the growth of 3cm is a critical period. During this period, the soil on the compartment surface The humidity is controlled at 50% to 60% of the field water holding capacity, the air humidity is controlled at 85% to 90%, and the temperature is 12 to 22°C. If the conditions are slightly uncomfortable, a large number of primordia will die;

(9)采收(9) Harvesting

子实体生长5~10天后,颜色由灰色变成灰黄时,子实体表面开始有少量白色孢子粉出现时达到成熟标准及时进行采收,成熟一个采收一个,每天早晨、中午、下午个采摘1次。采摘时,用木制刀具从菌柄基部与土壤的交接处,整齐切断,不要用手直接从土壤上拔起,以免损伤周围的幼小原基和未成熟的子实体。After the fruit body grows for 5 to 10 days, when the color changes from gray to grayish yellow, a small amount of white spore powder appears on the surface of the fruit body, and when it reaches the maturity standard, harvest in time. Pick one mature one, and pick one at a time every morning, noon, and afternoon. 1 time. When picking, use a wooden knife to cut off neatly from the junction of the base of the stipe and the soil, and do not pull it directly from the soil by hand, so as not to damage the surrounding young primordia and immature fruiting bodies.

实施例1Example 1

实施地点:甘肃省合作市甘肃民族师范学院高原真菌科研教学实习基地,海拔3090米,年均气温1.7℃,无绝对无霜期。Implementation location: Gansu Normal University for Nationalities Plateau fungal research and teaching practice base in Hezuo City, Gansu Province, with an altitude of 3,090 meters, an annual average temperature of 1.7°C, and no absolute frost-free period.

2013年4月15日在高寒高海拔的合作市土壤刚刚解冻后在甘肃民族师范学院高原真菌科研教学实习基地用遮阳网荫棚常规法种植3个阴棚,每个棚面积600m2,到8月份在每个棚里见到不到10个子实体,且子实体小。接着在9月15日用同样的荫棚进行二季试种,直到2014年4月20日至5月20日,3个阴棚共长出了40个子实体。2013年3月15日同时在日光温室棚内进行种植技术改进试验,取得了意想不到的技术效果,2013年~至今,经过4年每年3季的重复试验,试验结果能够重复并获得了成功。On April 15, 2013, the soil in Hezuo City, which was in the cold and high altitude, had just thawed, and at the plateau fungal research and teaching practice base of Gansu Normal University for Nationalities, three shade sheds were planted with the conventional method of sunshade net shade shed, each with an area of 600m 2 , to 8 See less than 10 fruiting bodies in each shed in the month, and the fruiting bodies are small. Then on September 15, the same shade shed was used for the second season trial planting. From April 20 to May 20, 2014, 40 fruiting bodies were grown in 3 shade sheds. On March 15, 2013, the planting technology improvement test was carried out in the solar greenhouse at the same time, and unexpected technical results were obtained. From 2013 to now, after repeated tests for 4 years and 3 seasons every year, the test results can be repeated and achieved success.

实施例2Example 2

实施地点:甘肃省卓尼县某乡某村,平均海拔2000-2920米之间,年均气温4.6℃,年降水量584毫米,日光温室棚种植总数为18棚,面积为18亩。种植实施时间:2014年3月10日~2016年3月20日。Implementation location: a village in a township in Zhuoni County, Gansu Province, with an average altitude of 2000-2920 meters, an average annual temperature of 4.6°C, and an annual rainfall of 584 mm. The total number of solar greenhouses planted is 18, with an area of 18 mu. Planting implementation time: March 10, 2014 to March 20, 2016.

具体实施过程如下。The specific implementation process is as follows.

步骤1:野生(或栽培)种的子实体的分离克隆Step 1: Isolated cloning of fruiting bodies of wild (or cultivated) species

(1)所用试管:15mm×l50mm(2)原料:羊肚菌基脚土、腐熟牛(或羊、鸡)粪、小麦、农作秸秆粉、磷肥、白糖、玉米芯、麸皮、粉碎废纸、尿素、维生素B;(3)技术要点:试管第一层为80份羊肚菌基脚土+5份生石灰+15份腐熟牛、羊或鸡粪,第二层为65份农作物秸秆粉+35份杂木屑,第三层为30份小麦+65份农作物秸秆粉+3份维生素B族+2份草木灰,第四层为65份农作物秸秆粉+35份杂木屑,第五层为35份玉米芯+30份杂木屑+30份粉碎废纸+5份尿素,试管塞上棉塞,在121℃高压锅内灭菌1小时,在室温下自然冷却。将野生或栽培羊肚菌子实体组织块随采随接种在潮湿的土上,此方法达到了简单的开放式操作,不受周围环境条件的限制和约束。将试管放在20℃下,空气湿度为75%,最适湿度为80%下避光培养,接种后第2天开始长出菌丝,13天待试管中长满菌丝并长出菌核后取有菌丝、菌核的培养基直接接种在栽培种培养料上。(1) Test tube used: 15mm×l50mm (2) Raw materials: Morchella foot soil, decomposed cow (or sheep, chicken) manure, wheat, farm straw powder, phosphate fertilizer, sugar, corn cob, bran, crushed waste Paper, urea, vitamin B; (3) Technical points: the first layer of the test tube is 80 parts of morel fungus foot soil + 5 parts of quicklime + 15 parts of decomposed cow, sheep or chicken manure, and the second layer is 65 parts of crop straw powder +35 miscellaneous wood chips, the third layer is 30 parts of wheat + 65 parts of crop straw powder + 3 parts of vitamin B group + 2 parts of plant ash, the fourth layer is 65 parts of crop straw powder + 35 parts of miscellaneous wood chips, the fifth layer is 35 1 part of corncob + 30 parts of miscellaneous sawdust + 30 parts of crushed waste paper + 5 parts of urea, put a cotton plug on the test tube, sterilize in a pressure cooker at 121 °C for 1 hour, and cool naturally at room temperature. The wild or cultivated hickory chick fruit body tissue blocks are inoculated on the wet soil as they are harvested. This method achieves simple open operation and is not restricted and restricted by surrounding environmental conditions. Place the test tube at 20°C, the air humidity is 75%, and the optimum humidity is 80%. Culture in the dark, mycelium begins to grow on the second day after inoculation, and after 13 days, the test tube is covered with mycelium and sclerotia Afterwards, the culture medium with hyphae and sclerotia is directly inoculated on the cultivar compost.

步骤2:栽培种的制作Step 2: Production of cultivars

(1)选用450mL的洗净的废弃的罐头瓶、输液瓶;(2)原料:羊肚菌基脚土、草木灰,腐熟牛(或羊、鸡)粪、农作秸秆粉、磷肥、白糖、玉米芯、麸皮、尿素;(3)技术要点:①培养主料料配方为35%小麦+30%直径0.5厘米的玉米秸秆颗粒+30%草木灰+1%磷酸二氢钾+3%磷肥+1%石灰。②将浸泡48小时的小麦煮至里面不发白但不烂皮后捞出沥干水分,加上玉米秸秆颗粒、杂木屑、麸皮拌匀。③将磷酸二氢钾、磷肥和石灰完全溶解在水里拌在上述混合物里做成培养料,含水量50%,pH为自然。④培养料封口料配方为:82%羊肚菌基脚土,14%草木灰,3%生石灰,1%磷酸二氢钾,含水力量40%,pH为自然。⑤封口料装瓶或装袋:先将培养料主料装入瓶或袋中,装瓶或装袋,装量标准为3/5,再装入封口料,装量标准为1/5,装料不能太实,料中间插上一支木条,以确保料的通气性。⑥封口灭菌:121℃高压灭菌3小时。⑦接种:将灭菌后的料冷却,在无菌环境中于接入步骤1分离得到的菌丝或菌核,一支试管可以接35瓶,其中最下层接15瓶或袋,第二层接10瓶,第一层接5瓶。⑧培养:在温度为18℃,空气湿度为55%,最适湿度为75%,接种后第2天开始长出菌丝,13天菌丝瓶且长出菌核即为栽培种。(1) Choose 450mL washed and discarded canned bottles and infusion bottles; (2) Raw materials: Morel foot soil, plant ash, decomposed cow (or sheep, chicken) manure, agricultural straw powder, phosphate fertilizer, sugar, Corn cob, bran, urea; (3) Technical points: ① The formula of the main material for cultivation is 35% wheat + 30% corn stalk particles with a diameter of 0.5 cm + 30% plant ash + 1% potassium dihydrogen phosphate + 3% phosphate fertilizer + 1% lime. ②Boil the wheat soaked for 48 hours until the inside is not whitish but the skin is not rotten, then remove and drain the water, add corn stalk particles, miscellaneous wood chips, and bran and mix well. ③ Completely dissolve potassium dihydrogen phosphate, phosphate fertilizer and lime in water and mix them in the above mixture to make compost, with a water content of 50% and a natural pH. ④ The formula of the culture material sealing material is: 82% Morchella foot soil, 14% plant ash, 3% quicklime, 1% potassium dihydrogen phosphate, water content 40%, pH is natural. ⑤ Bottling or bagging of the sealing material: first put the main material of the culture material into a bottle or bag, bottle or bag, the filling standard is 3/5, and then put the sealing material, the filling standard is 1/5, The material should not be too heavy, and a wooden strip is inserted in the middle of the material to ensure the air permeability of the material. ⑥Sterilization by sealing: Autoclave at 121°C for 3 hours. ⑦Inoculation: cool the sterilized material, and insert the mycelia or sclerotia separated in step 1 in a sterile environment. One test tube can be connected to 35 bottles, of which the bottom layer is connected to 15 bottles or bags, and the second layer is Receive 10 bottles, and the first layer receives 5 bottles. ⑧Cultivation: At a temperature of 18°C, an air humidity of 55%, and an optimum humidity of 75%, mycelium begins to grow on the second day after inoculation, and the mycelium bottle grows sclerotium after 13 days, which is the cultivar.

步骤3:外援营养袋的制作Step 3: Making the foreign aid nutrition bag

(1)外援营养袋养料配方:85%废纸、10%尿素、1%磷酸二氢钾、0.5%硫酸镁、0.5%硫酸锌,3%石膏;(2)将各原料混合后用水拌匀,含水量为45%,即得外援营养袋养料,将养料依次进行装袋、封口,不需要高压灭菌,即得养料袋。(1) Nutrient formula for foreign aid nutrition bags: 85% waste paper, 10% urea, 1% potassium dihydrogen phosphate, 0.5% magnesium sulfate, 0.5% zinc sulfate, 3% gypsum; (2) Mix all raw materials with water and mix well , and the water content is 45%, that is, the foreign aid nutrition bag nourishment is obtained, and the nourishment is bagged and sealed successively, without autoclaving, and the nourishment bag is obtained.

步骤4:有通风、灌溉设备日光温室棚种植,此步骤包括以下过程:Step 4: Planting in a solar greenhouse with ventilation and irrigation equipment, this step includes the following processes:

(1)整地及播种:①施基肥:施有机肥和油菜饼粉作为基肥,有机肥的使用量为800kg/亩,油菜饼粉的使用量为120kg/亩;②土壤灭菌:将厢内土壤翻松,整平,先用石灰进行全面的消毒,石灰用量为250kg/亩,浇一次透水后,晾晒2天,再撒一层1厘米厚的草木灰和一层5厘米厚的中砂,喷洒0.5%氯氰菊酯及50%辛硫磷混合水溶液杀虫;③温室棚灭菌:土壤消毒后再将地深翻一次后密闭大棚用高锰酸钾和甲醛进行熏蒸灭菌3天,然后通风处理2天;④起厢:平整后的种植土地表面开设厢面,厢面宽度为80cm,再在厢面四周开设厢灌水沟,灌水沟的宽度15~30cm,灌水沟的深度为15cm,然后将栽培种撒播在厢面上。菌种量为1瓶/m2(1) Soil preparation and seeding: ① Base fertilizer application: apply organic fertilizer and rapeseed meal as base fertilizer, the amount of organic fertilizer used is 800kg/mu, and the amount of rapeseed meal used is 120kg/mu; ②Soil sterilization: put the The soil should be loosened and leveled, and then thoroughly disinfected with lime. The amount of lime used is 250kg/acre. After watering once, let it dry for 2 days, and then sprinkle a layer of 1 cm thick plant ash and a layer of 5 cm thick medium sand. Spray 0.5% cypermethrin and 50% phoxim mixed aqueous solution to kill insects; ③Greenhouse sterilization: After the soil is sterilized, turn the ground deep once, then seal the greenhouse with potassium permanganate and formaldehyde for fumigation and sterilization for 3 days, and then ventilate 2 days; ④ Lifting the box: set up a box surface on the leveled planting land surface, the width of the box surface is 80cm, and then set up a box irrigation ditch around the box surface. The width of the irrigation ditch is 15-30cm, and the depth of the irrigation ditch is 15cm. Cultivated seeds are spread on the compartment surface. The amount of bacteria is 1 bottle/m 2 .

(2)消毒:采用75%的酒精对菌种取用器具、盛放盆、接种人员手等进行消毒后,接种人员通过取用器具将羊肚菌菌种置于盛放器具中。(2) Disinfection: After using 75% alcohol to disinfect the strain taking utensils, holding pots, hands of the inoculation personnel, etc., the inoculation personnel put the morel strains in the holding utensils through the taking utensils.

(3)拌种:将甘油三酯和磷酸二氢钾(1:1)与水混合制成拌种溶液,将栽培种拌匀,拌种溶液的用量为栽培质量的25%。(3) Seed dressing: Mix triglyceride and potassium dihydrogen phosphate (1:1) with water to make a seed dressing solution, mix the cultivated species well, and the amount of the seed dressing solution is 25% of the cultivation quality.

(4)播种:在厢面上先用1%磷酸二氢钾+1%赤霉素+0.5%硫酸镁+0.5%硫酸锌+10%草木灰的混合营养液洒适整个厢面,再直接在厢面上进行撒播,后覆盖2cm的土,再将厢土壤进行4小时的喷灌,直至使土壤湿度达到95%,再在厢面上覆盖一层(2cm厚)的作物秸秆。第一季在2月8日播种,菌丝营养生长在2、3和4月,5月2日开始出菇,6月15日,生长周期基本结束,在整个生长阶段,在高寒地区棚内最低温度控制在3~12℃,最高温度控制在14℃~26℃,子实体生长近40天左右结束了整个生活史,第一季出菇产量124kg/亩~135kg/亩。接着夏季在6月10日进行第二季播种,菌丝营养生长在6、7和8月,9月1日开始出菇,这个季节,在高寒地区棚内最高温度控制在12℃~24℃,子实体生长48天完成了整个生活史,第二季出菇产量139kg/亩~148kg/亩,接着10月15日进行第三季播种,菌丝营养生长在10、11、12,由于早晚温差较大,一天中棚内凌晨3:00~5:00温度为最低-5℃~3℃,菌丝生长期延长,子实体生殖生长在第二年的1月24日,子实体生长55天完成了整个生活史,第三季出菇产量155kg/亩~172kg/亩。年总产量大约为419kg/亩~445kg/亩因此,实现了一年三季的周年生产。(4) Sowing: Sprinkle the mixed nutrient solution of 1% potassium dihydrogen phosphate + 1% gibberellin + 0.5% magnesium sulfate + 0.5% zinc sulfate + 10% plant ash on the entire compartment surface, and then directly on the compartment surface. Carry out sowing on the box surface, and then cover with 2cm of soil, then sprinkle the box soil for 4 hours until the soil humidity reaches 95%, and then cover the box surface with a layer (2cm thick) of crop straw. The first season was sown on February 8, the mycelia grew vegetatively in February, March and April, and the fruiting began on May 2, and the growth cycle basically ended on June 15. During the entire growth stage, in the alpine shed The lowest temperature is controlled at 3-12°C, and the highest temperature is controlled at 14°C-26°C. The fruiting body grows for about 40 days and ends the entire life cycle. The yield of mushrooms in the first season is 124kg/mu-135kg/mu. Then in summer, the second season is sown on June 10. Mycelium grows vegetatively in June, July and August, and mushrooms begin on September 1. In this season, the maximum temperature in the shed in the alpine area is controlled at 12°C to 24°C , the fruiting body grows for 48 days to complete the entire life cycle, and the fruiting yield in the second season is 139kg/mu to 148kg/mu, and then the third season is sown on October 15, and the mycelia grow vegetatively at 10, 11, 12. The temperature difference is large, and the temperature in the shed is the lowest at 3:00 to 5:00 in the morning in one day -5°C to 3°C. The growth period of mycelia is prolonged, and the fruiting body reproduces and grows on January 24 of the second year, and the fruiting body grows 55 The entire life cycle is completed in one day, and the yield of mushrooms in the third season is 155kg/mu to 172kg/mu. The total annual output is about 419kg/mu to 445kg/mu. Therefore, the annual production of three seasons a year has been realized.

(5)投放外援营养袋(5) Drop foreign aid nutrition bags

在步骤4羊肚菌播种后第:7天,在养料袋上扎孔,将养料袋开孔的一侧平放于土壤表面,压至与所有孔均与土壤充分接触,如果将孔暴露在空气中,就会引起营养袋内的养料感染杂菌而霉变,外援营养袋之间的距离为25cm,行距30cm。On the 7th day after step 4 hickory chick sowing, prick holes on the nutrient bag, put the side of the nutrient bag perforated flat on the soil surface, press to fully contact with the soil with all holes, if the hole is exposed to In the air, it will cause the nutrients in the nutrition bags to be infected with bacteria and become moldy. The distance between the nutrition bags for foreign aid is 25cm, and the row spacing is 30cm.

(6)菌丝生长阶段管理(6) Mycelia growth stage management

菌种播种后,只要出现土壤发白,就进行土地灌水沟漫灌和厢面喷灌处理,进行灌溉时,水里加上甘油三酯0.5mL/L、磷酸二氢钾0.05mL/L和细胞分裂素0.05mL/L,以提供菌丝生长的营养,同时,保持厢面土壤湿度50%%,最适土壤湿度65%,空气湿度70%,最适空气湿度75%,温度16℃,最适温度20℃。After the strains are sown, as long as the soil turns white, the land irrigation ditch flood irrigation and the box surface sprinkler irrigation are carried out. When irrigation is carried out, triglyceride 0.5mL/L, potassium dihydrogen phosphate 0.05mL/L and cytokinin are added to the water. 0.05mL/L, to provide nutrition for mycelium growth, at the same time, keep the soil humidity of the car floor at 50%, the optimum soil humidity is 65%, the air humidity is 70%, the optimum air humidity is 75%, the temperature is 16°C, the optimum temperature 20°C.

(7)拿掉外援营养袋:营养袋投放25天,当营养袋内长满菌丝后拿掉,拿掉外源营养袋并进行第一次补水2L/m2,后每隔7天补一次水进行水刺激,直到原基出现,补水时向水中加入磷酸二氢钾0.05mL/L和细胞分裂素0.05mL/L,水刺激的速度为250mL/小时﹒平方米2,每次12小时,在水刺激前土壤要相对的干燥,水刺激后的土壤含水量50%%,空气湿度85%,温度16℃。(7) Remove the foreign aid nutrition bag: put the nutrition bag for 25 days, remove it when the nutrition bag is full of mycelium, remove the external source nutrition bag and perform the first replenishment of water 2L/m 2 , and replenish every 7 days Water stimulation is carried out once with water until the primordium appears. When replenishing water, add potassium dihydrogen phosphate 0.05mL/L and cytokinin 0.05mL/L to the water, and the speed of water stimulation is 250mL/hour. Square meter 2, 12 hours each time, the soil should be relatively dry before water stimulation, the soil water content after water stimulation is 50%, the air humidity is 85%, and the temperature is 16°C.

(8)羊肚菌出菇管理(8) Morel fruiting management

羊肚菌菌丝分化形成原基到具有菌柄和菌盖的幼小子实体后,进入羊肚菌出菇阶段,原基出现到长到3cm期间是一个关键的时期这段时间,厢面土壤湿度控制在田间持水量的50%,空气湿度控制在85%,温度15~22℃,没有出现原基大量死亡的现象。After the mycelium of morels differentiates to form a primordium to a small fruiting body with a stipe and a cap, it enters the mushrooming stage of morels. The period from the appearance of the primordia to the growth of 3cm is a critical period. During this period, the soil on the compartment surface The humidity is controlled at 50% of the field water holding capacity, the air humidity is controlled at 85%, and the temperature is 15-22°C. There is no phenomenon of mass death of primordia.

(9)采收(9) Harvesting

子实体生长5~10天后,颜色由灰色变成灰黄时,子实体表面开始有少量白色孢子粉出现时达到成熟标准及时进行采收,成熟一个采收一个,每天早晨、中午、下午个采摘1次。采摘时,用木制刀具从菌柄基部与土壤的交接处,整齐切断,不要用手直接从土壤上拔起,以免损伤周围的幼小原基和未成熟的子实体。分别在2014年6月18日、10月13日、2月20日对棚内子实体发生数量依次进行调查,调查结果表明,18个棚每个棚每季子实体的数量为分别为34~45个/m2、38~58个/m2、44~70个/m2,周年子实体的数量为124~171个/m2,单个成熟子实体的重量为2.25~20.42g,平均按照4.0g/个计算,每个棚每个棚的年产量均为330.83kg/亩~456.22kg/亩,每个棚平均年产量为438.5kg/亩。After the fruit body grows for 5 to 10 days, when the color changes from gray to grayish yellow, a small amount of white spore powder appears on the surface of the fruit body, and when it reaches the maturity standard, harvest in time. Pick one mature one, and pick one at a time every morning, noon, and afternoon. 1 time. When picking, use a wooden knife to cut off neatly from the junction of the base of the stipe and the soil, and do not pull it directly from the soil by hand, so as not to damage the surrounding young primordia and immature fruiting bodies. On June 18, October 13, and February 20, 2014, the number of fruiting bodies in the sheds was investigated sequentially. The survey results showed that the number of fruiting bodies in each of the 18 sheds per season was 34 to 45. /m 2 , 38-58/m 2 , 44-70/m 2 , the number of annual fruiting bodies is 124-171/m 2 , the weight of a single mature fruiting body is 2.25-20.42g, and the average weight is 4.0g Calculated per unit, the annual output of each shed is 330.83kg/mu to 456.22kg/mu, and the average annual output of each shed is 438.5kg/mu.

实施例3Example 3

实施地点:青海省乐都县某乡某村20个棚,总面积为19.3亩。Implementation site: 20 sheds in a village in a township in Ledu County, Qinghai Province, with a total area of 19.3 mu.

种植实施时间:2015年4月24日~2016年5月22日。Planting implementation time: April 24, 2015 to May 22, 2016.

(1)各种规格的试管:20mm×200mm;(2)原料:羊肚菌基脚土、腐熟牛(或羊、鸡)粪、小麦、农作秸秆粉、磷肥、白糖、玉米芯、麸皮、粉碎废纸、尿素、维生素B;(3)技术要点:试管培养基料在容器中分五层设置,按照质量份数,每一层具体为:第一层为50份羊肚菌基脚土+4份生石灰+46份腐熟牛、羊或鸡粪,第二层为75份农作物秸秆粉+25份杂木屑,第三层为20份小麦+75份农作物秸秆粉+2份维生素B族+3份草木灰,第四层为75份农作物秸秆粉+25份杂木屑,第五层为25份玉米芯+20份杂木屑+48份粉碎废纸+7份尿素,第一层装量为试管容积15%,含水量为50~75%,第二层装量为试管容积25%,含水量为55~70%,第三层装量为试管容积15%,含水量为40~55%,第四层装量为试管容积25%,含水量为35~50%,第五层装量为试管容积20%,含水量为55~80%,试管口留出5%的空间以利于管内空气流通,试管塞上棉塞,在125℃下的高压锅内灭菌1小时,在室温下自然冷却。将野生或栽培羊肚菌子实体组织块随采随接种在潮湿的土上,将试管放在温度为16~20℃下,空气湿度为60%~95%,下避光培养,接种后第2天开始长出菌丝,10~15天试管中长满菌丝或长出菌核后可取试管有菌丝、菌核的培养基直接接种在栽培种培养料上。(1) Test tubes of various specifications: 20mm×200mm; (2) Raw materials: Morel foot soil, decomposed cow (or sheep, chicken) manure, wheat, farm straw powder, phosphate fertilizer, sugar, corn cob, bran Leather, shredded waste paper, urea, vitamin B; (3) technical points: the test tube culture material is arranged in five layers in the container, according to the mass parts, each layer is specifically: the first layer is 50 parts of Morchella base Foot soil + 4 parts of quicklime + 46 parts of decomposed cow, sheep or chicken manure, the second layer is 75 parts of crop straw powder + 25 parts of miscellaneous wood chips, the third layer is 20 parts of wheat + 75 parts of crop straw powder + 2 parts of vitamin B Family + 3 parts of plant ash, the fourth layer is 75 parts of crop straw powder + 25 parts of miscellaneous wood chips, the fifth layer is 25 parts of corncobs + 20 parts of miscellaneous wood chips + 48 parts of crushed waste paper + 7 parts of urea, the loading capacity of the first layer The volume of the test tube is 15%, and the water content is 50-75%. The second layer is 25% of the test tube volume, and the water content is 55-70%. %, the fourth layer is 25% of the test tube volume, and the water content is 35-50%. The fifth layer is 20% of the test tube volume, and the water content is 55-80%. The air in the tube circulates, the test tube is plugged with a cotton plug, sterilized in a pressure cooker at 125°C for 1 hour, and cooled naturally at room temperature. Inoculate wild or cultivated hickory chick sporocarp tissue blocks on damp soil as they are harvested, place the test tube at a temperature of 16-20°C and an air humidity of 60%-95%, and cultivate it in the dark. After 10 to 15 days, the test tube is covered with mycelium or sclerotia, and the culture medium with mycelium and sclerotia in the test tube can be directly inoculated on the cultivar culture medium.

所用器材及技术要点:(1)750mL的菌种瓶(2)原料:羊肚菌基脚土、草木灰,腐熟牛(或羊、鸡)粪、农作秸秆粉、磷肥、白糖、玉米芯、麸皮、尿素;(3)技术要点:①培养主料料配方为20%小麦+35%直径0.5厘米的玉米秸秆颗粒+20%草木灰+20%麸皮+1%磷酸二氢钾+3%磷肥+1%石灰。②将浸泡36小时的小麦煮至里面不发白但不烂皮后捞出沥干水分,加上玉米秸秆颗粒、杂木屑、麸皮拌匀。③将磷酸二氢钾、磷肥和石灰完全溶解在水里拌在上述混合物里做成培养料,含水量65%,pH为自然。④培养料封口料配方为:85%羊肚菌基脚土,15%草木灰,1%生石灰,1%糖,含水力量30%~45%,pH为自然。⑤封口料装瓶或装袋:先将培养料主料装入瓶或袋中,装瓶或装袋,装量标准为3/5,再装入封口料,装量标准为1/5,装料不能太实,料中间插上一支木条,以确保料的通气性。⑥封口灭菌:121℃高压灭菌2小时。⑦接种:将灭菌后的料冷却,在无菌环境中接入步骤1分离得到的菌丝或菌核,一支试管接30~40瓶,其中最下层接15~20瓶,第二层接10~15瓶,第一层接5瓶~10瓶。⑧培养:在温度为10~28℃下避光培养,空气湿度为55%~65%,接种后第36小时开始长出菌丝,10~20天菌丝瓶并长出菌核即为栽培种。Equipment and technical points used: (1) 750mL strain bottle (2) Raw materials: Morchella foot soil, plant ash, decomposed cow (or sheep, chicken) manure, crop straw powder, phosphate fertilizer, sugar, corncob, Bran, urea; (3) Technical points: ① The main ingredient for cultivation is 20% wheat + 35% corn stalk particles with a diameter of 0.5 cm + 20% plant ash + 20% bran + 1% potassium dihydrogen phosphate + 3% Phosphate + 1% lime. ②Boil the wheat soaked for 36 hours until the inside is not whitish but the skin is not rotten, then remove and drain the water, add corn stalk particles, miscellaneous wood chips, and bran and mix well. ③ Completely dissolve potassium dihydrogen phosphate, phosphate fertilizer and lime in water and mix them in the above mixture to make a compost, with a water content of 65% and a natural pH. ④ The formula of culture material sealing material is: 85% Morchella foot soil, 15% plant ash, 1% quicklime, 1% sugar, water content 30%-45%, pH is natural. ⑤ Bottling or bagging of the sealing material: first put the main material of the culture material into a bottle or bag, bottle or bag, the filling standard is 3/5, and then put the sealing material, the filling standard is 1/5, The material should not be too heavy, and a wooden strip is inserted in the middle of the material to ensure the air permeability of the material. ⑥Sterilization by sealing: Autoclave at 121°C for 2 hours. ⑦Inoculation: Cool the sterilized material, insert the hyphae or sclerotia separated in step 1 in a sterile environment, and connect 30-40 bottles to one test tube, of which 15-20 bottles are connected to the bottom layer, and the second layer 10-15 bottles are connected, and 5-10 bottles are connected on the first floor. ⑧Cultivation: Cultivate in the dark at a temperature of 10-28°C, and the air humidity is 55%-65%. Mycelium begins to grow 36 hours after inoculation, and 10-20 days after the mycelium bottle grows sclerotia, it is cultivation kind.

步骤3:外援营养袋的制作Step 3: Making the foreign aid nutrition bag

(1)外援营养袋养料配方:85%废纸、10%尿素、1%磷酸二氢钾、0.5%硫酸镁、0.5%硫酸锌,3%石膏(2)将各原料混合后用水拌匀,含水量为60%,即得外援营养袋养料,将养料依次进行装袋、封口,不需要高压灭菌,即得养料袋。(1) Nutrient formula of foreign aid nutrition bag: 85% waste paper, 10% urea, 1% potassium dihydrogen phosphate, 0.5% magnesium sulfate, 0.5% zinc sulfate, 3% gypsum (2) Mix all raw materials with water and mix well, If the water content is 60%, then the foreign aid nutrition bag nourishment is obtained, and the nourishment is bagged and sealed in sequence without autoclaving, and the nourishment bag is obtained.

步骤4:日光温室棚(有通风、灌溉设备)种植,周年均可种植,此步骤包括以下过程:(棚内还可以用种植层架进行立体种植,立体种植技术正在研发中)Step 4: Planting in a solar greenhouse (with ventilation and irrigation equipment), which can be planted every year. This step includes the following process: (Planting shelves can also be used for three-dimensional planting in the shed, and the three-dimensional planting technology is under development)

(1)整地及播种:①施基肥:施有机肥和油菜饼粉作为基肥,有机肥的使用量为1200kg/亩,油菜饼粉的使用量为130kg/亩;②土壤灭菌:将厢内土壤翻松,整平,先用石灰进行全面的消毒,石灰用量为350kg/亩,浇一次透水后,晾晒4天,再撒一层1厘米厚的草木灰和一层5厘米厚的中砂,喷洒0.5%氯氰菊酯及50%辛硫磷混合水溶液杀虫;③温室棚灭菌:土壤消毒后再将地深翻一次后密闭大棚用高锰酸钾和甲醛进行熏蒸灭菌3天,然后通风处理2天;④起厢:平整后的种植土地表面开设厢面,厢面宽度为120cm,再在厢面四周开设厢灌水沟,灌水沟的宽度30cm,灌水沟的深度为20cm,然后将栽培种撒播在厢面上。菌种量为2瓶/m2(1) Soil preparation and seeding: ① Base fertilizer application: Apply organic fertilizer and rapeseed meal as base fertilizer, the amount of organic fertilizer used is 1200kg/mu, and the amount of rapeseed meal used is 130kg/mu; ② Soil sterilization: put the The soil should be loosened and leveled, and then thoroughly disinfected with lime. The amount of lime used is 350kg/mu. After watering once, let it dry for 4 days, and then sprinkle a layer of 1 cm thick plant ash and a layer of 5 cm thick medium sand. Spray 0.5% cypermethrin and 50% phoxim mixed aqueous solution to kill insects; ③Greenhouse sterilization: After the soil is sterilized, turn the ground deep once, then seal the greenhouse with potassium permanganate and formaldehyde for fumigation and sterilization for 3 days, and then ventilate 2 days; 4. take up the compartment: the planting land surface after leveling off opens compartment surface, and the compartment surface width is 120cm, then opens compartment irrigation ditch around the compartment surface, the width 30cm of irrigation ditch, the depth of irrigation ditch is 20cm, then cultivated species Spread on the deck. The amount of bacteria is 2 bottles/m 2 .

(2)消毒:采用75%的酒精对菌种取用器具、盛放盆、接种人员手等进行消毒后,接种人员通过取用器具将羊肚菌菌种置于盛放器具中。(2) Disinfection: After using 75% alcohol to disinfect the strain taking utensils, holding pots, hands of the inoculation personnel, etc., the inoculation personnel put the morel strains in the holding utensils through the taking utensils.

(3)拌种:将甘油三酯和磷酸二氢钾(1~3)与水混合制成拌种溶液,将栽培种拌匀,拌种溶液的用量为栽培质量的35%。(3) Seed dressing: mix triglyceride and potassium dihydrogen phosphate (1-3) with water to make a seed dressing solution, mix the cultivars well, and the amount of the seed dressing solution is 35% of the cultivation quality.

(4)播种:在厢面上先用1%磷酸二氢钾+1%赤霉素+0.5%硫酸镁+0.5%硫酸锌+10%草木灰的混合营养液洒适整个厢面,再直接在厢面上进行撒播,后覆盖2~4cm的土,再将厢土壤进行6小时的喷灌,直至使土壤湿度达到95%,再在厢面上覆盖一层(3cm厚)的作物秸秆,以利于保湿。目的是通过进行第一次的水刺激使正在生长的菌丝进入生殖生长。如果第一季在4月24播种,菌丝营养生长在5、6和7月,子实体生殖生长在6月18日~7月10日,8月20日左右,生长周期结束,第一季出菇产量138~155kg/亩。接着夏季在9月10日进行第二季播种,菌丝营养生长在10、11和12月,在10日19日开始出菇,12月5日子实体完成了整个生活史,第二季出菇产量161~180kg/亩,接着12月20日进行第三季播种,菌丝营养生长在2015年1、2和3月,由于早晚温差较大,一天中棚内凌晨3:00~5:00温度为最低~4℃~4℃,菌丝生长期延长,3月6日开始出菇,4月26日完成了整个生活史,出菇期高达55天,第三季出菇产量172~200kg/亩。因此,也实现了一年三季的周年生产,年总产量大约为472kg/亩~535kg/亩,因此,实现了一年三季的周年生产,并获得了高产。(4) Sowing: Sprinkle the mixed nutrient solution of 1% potassium dihydrogen phosphate + 1% gibberellin + 0.5% magnesium sulfate + 0.5% zinc sulfate + 10% plant ash on the entire compartment surface, and then directly on the compartment surface. Carry out sowing on the box surface, and then cover 2-4cm of soil, then spray the box soil for 6 hours until the soil humidity reaches 95%, and then cover the box surface with a layer (3cm thick) of crop straw to facilitate Moisturize. The aim is to bring the growing hyphae into reproductive growth by performing the first water stimulation. If the first season is sown on April 24, the mycelia will grow vegetatively in May, June and July, and the fruiting bodies will grow from June 18 to July 10, and around August 20, the growth cycle ends, and the first season The yield of mushroom is 138~155kg/mu. Then in summer, the second season of sowing is carried out on September 10. Mycelia grow vegetatively in October, November and December, and mushrooms begin on the 10th and 19th. On December 5, the entity completes the entire life cycle, and the second season produces The yield is 161-180kg/mu, and the third season will be sown on December 20. The mycelium will grow vegetatively in January, February and March 2015. Due to the large temperature difference between morning and evening, it is 3:00-5:00 in the morning in the shed. The temperature is the lowest ~ 4°C ~ 4°C, the growth period of the mycelia is extended, the mushrooms start on March 6th, and the whole life cycle is completed on April 26th, the fruiting period is as high as 55 days, and the output of mushrooms in the third season is 172 ~ 200kg /mu. Therefore, the annual production of three seasons a year has also been realized, and the total annual output is about 472kg/mu to 535kg/mu. Therefore, the annual production of three seasons a year has been realized and high yield has been achieved.

(5)投放外援营养袋(5) Drop foreign aid nutrition bags

在步骤4羊肚菌播种后第:10天,在养料袋上扎孔,将养料袋开孔的一侧平放于土壤表面,压至与所有孔均与土壤充分接触,如果将孔暴露在空气中,就会引起营养袋内的养料感染杂菌而霉变,外援营养袋之间的距离为45cm,行距50cm。On the 10th day after step 4 hickory chick sowing, prick holes on the nutrient bag, put the side of the nutrient bag perforated flat on the soil surface, press to fully contact with the soil with all holes, if the hole is exposed to In the air, it will cause the nutrients in the nutrition bags to be infected with bacteria and become moldy. The distance between the foreign aid nutrition bags is 45cm, and the row spacing is 50cm.

(6)菌丝生长阶段管理(6) Mycelia growth stage management

在步骤5羊肚菌播种后,只要出现土壤发白,就要进行土地灌水沟漫灌和厢面喷灌处理,进行灌溉时,水里加上甘油三酯0.5mL/L、磷酸二氢钾0.05mL/L和细胞分裂素0.05mL/L,以提供菌丝生长的营养,同时,保持厢面土壤湿度50%~70%,空气湿度70%~95%,温度12~22℃。After morels are sown in step 5, as long as the soil turns white, it is necessary to carry out land irrigation ditch flood irrigation and compartment surface sprinkler irrigation. L and cytokinin 0.05mL/L, in order to provide nutrition for mycelial growth, at the same time, keep the soil humidity of the compartment floor at 50% to 70%, the air humidity at 70% to 95%, and the temperature at 12 to 22°C.

(7)拿掉外援营养袋:营养袋投放40天,标准营养袋内长满菌丝,且菌丝非常密集后拿掉,拿掉外源营养袋菌丝进入生殖生长的诱因之一,后进行第一次补水2L/m2,后每隔7天补一次水进行水刺激,直到原基出现,补水时向水中加入磷酸二氢钾0.05mL/L和细胞分裂素0.05mL/L,水刺激的速度为250~1000mL/小时﹒平方米2,每次20小时,在水刺激前土壤要相对的干燥,水刺激后的土壤含水量50%~65%,空气湿度85%~90%,温度12~22℃。(8)羊肚菌出菇管理(7) Remove the foreign aid nutrition bag: the nutrition bag has been put in for 40 days. The standard nutrition bag is covered with mycelia, and the mycelium is very dense, and then removed. The removal of the external source nutrition bag is one of the incentives for the mycelium to enter reproductive growth. The first water replenishment was 2L/m 2 , and water was stimulated every 7 days until primordia appeared. When replenishing water, potassium dihydrogen phosphate 0.05mL/L and cytokinin 0.05mL/L were added to the water. The stimulation rate is 250-1000mL/hour. 2 square meters, 20 hours each time, the soil should be relatively dry before water stimulation, after water stimulation, the soil moisture content is 50%-65%, the air humidity is 85%-90%, and the temperature is 12-22°C. (8) Morel fruiting management

羊肚菌菌丝分化形成原基到具有菌柄和菌盖的幼小子实体后,进入羊肚菌出菇阶段,原基出现到长到3cm期间是一个关键的时期这段时间,厢面土壤湿度控制在田间持水量的50%~60%,空气湿度控制在85%~90%,温度12~22℃,没有出现原基大量死亡。After the mycelium of morels differentiates to form a primordium to a small fruiting body with a stipe and a cap, it enters the mushrooming stage of morels. The period from the appearance of the primordia to the growth of 3cm is a critical period. During this period, the soil on the compartment surface The humidity is controlled at 50% to 60% of the field water holding capacity, the air humidity is controlled at 85% to 90%, and the temperature is 12 to 22°C. There is no massive death of primordia.

(9)采收(9) Harvesting

子实体生长5~10天后,颜色由灰色变成灰黄时,子实体表面开始有少量白色孢子粉出现时达到成熟标准及时进行采收,成熟一个采收一个,每天早晨、中午、下午个采摘1次。采摘时,用木制刀具从菌柄基部与土壤的交接处,整齐切断,不要用手直接从土壤上拔起,以免损伤周围的幼小原基和未成熟的子实体。After the fruit body grows for 5 to 10 days, when the color changes from gray to grayish yellow, a small amount of white spore powder appears on the surface of the fruit body, and when it reaches the maturity standard, harvest in time. Pick one mature one, and pick one at a time every morning, noon, and afternoon. 1 time. When picking, use a wooden knife to cut off neatly from the junction of the base of the stipe and the soil, and do not pull it directly from the soil by hand, so as not to damage the surrounding young primordia and immature fruiting bodies.

分别在2015年8月23日、12月8日、4月28日对棚内子实体发生数量依次进行调查,调查结果表明,18个棚每个棚每季子实体的总数量为分别为35~50个/m2、44~60个/m2、50~72个/m2,周年子实体的数量为129~182个/m2,单个成熟子实体的重量为2.75~17.66g,平均按照4.0g/个计算,每个棚的年产量约为344.17kg/亩~485.58kg/亩,每个棚平均年产量约为468.8kg/亩。因此,实现了一年三季的周年生产,并获得了高产。On August 23, December 8, and April 28, 2015, the number of fruiting bodies in the sheds was investigated sequentially. The survey results showed that the total number of fruiting bodies in each of the 18 sheds per season was 35 to 50. pieces/m 2 , 44-60 pieces/m 2 , 50-72 pieces/m 2 , the number of annual fruiting bodies is 129-182 pieces/m 2 , the weight of a single mature fruiting body is 2.75-17.66g, and the average weight is 4.0 Calculated in g/unit, the annual output of each shed is about 344.17kg/mu to 485.58kg/mu, and the average annual output of each shed is about 468.8kg/mu. Therefore, the annual production of three seasons in a year has been realized, and a high yield has been obtained.

实施例4,其他同实施例3Embodiment 4, other are the same as embodiment 3

步骤1中,培养基料在容器中分五层设置,按照质量份数,每一层具体为:第一层为25份羊肚菌基脚土+3份生石灰+72份腐熟牛、羊或鸡粪,第二层为85份农作物秸秆粉+15份杂木屑,第三层为10份小麦+85份农作物秸秆粉+1份维生素B族+4份草木灰,第四层为85份农作物秸秆粉+15份杂木屑,第五层为10份玉米芯+10份杂木屑+70份粉碎废纸+10份尿素;In step 1, the culture material is arranged in five layers in the container. According to the mass parts, each layer is specifically: the first layer is 25 parts of hickory chick foot soil + 3 parts of quicklime + 72 parts of decomposed cattle, sheep or Chicken manure, the second layer is 85 parts of crop straw powder + 15 parts of miscellaneous wood chips, the third layer is 10 parts of wheat + 85 parts of crop straw powder + 1 part of vitamin B group + 4 parts of plant ash, and the fourth layer is 85 parts of crop straw Flour + 15 parts of wood chips, the fifth layer is 10 parts of corncobs + 10 parts of wood chips + 70 parts of crushed waste paper + 10 parts of urea;

分别在2015年8月23日、12月8日、4月28日对棚内子实体发生数量依次进行调查,调查结果表明,18个棚每个棚每季子实体的总数量为分别为30~40个/m2、40~50个/m2、40~60个/m2,周年子实体的数量为100~153个/m2,单个成熟子实体的重量为2.75~17.66g,产量相比实施例3略有降低,但仍能达到一年三季的高产。On August 23, December 8, and April 28, 2015, the number of fruiting bodies in the sheds was investigated sequentially. The survey results showed that the total number of fruiting bodies in each of the 18 sheds per season was 30-40. pieces/m 2 , 40-50 pieces/m 2 , 40-60 pieces/m 2 , the number of annual fruiting bodies is 100-153 pieces/m 2 , and the weight of a single mature fruiting body is 2.75-17.66g. Compared with Embodiment 3 is slightly reduced, but still can reach the high yield of three seasons a year.

实施例5,其他同实施例3Embodiment 5, other are the same as embodiment 3

步骤一中,试管第一层为20份羊肚菌基脚土+2份生石灰+12份腐熟牛、羊或鸡粪,第二层为85~65份农作物秸秆粉+15~35份杂木屑,第三层为8份小麦+85~65份农作物秸秆粉+0.5份维生素B族+1份草木灰,第四层为85~65份农作物秸秆粉+15~35份杂木屑,第五层为10~35份玉米芯+10~30份杂木屑+70~30份粉碎废纸+10~5份尿素,第一层装量为试管容积15%,含水量为50~75%,第二层装量为试管容积25%,含水量为55~70%,第三层装量为试管容积15%,含水量为40~55%,第四层装量为试管容积25%,含水量为35~50%,第五层装量为试管容积20%,含水量为55~80%,试管口留出5%的空间以利于管内空气流通。In step 1, the first layer of the test tube is 20 parts of Morchella foot soil + 2 parts of quicklime + 12 parts of decomposed cow, sheep or chicken manure, and the second layer is 85-65 parts of crop straw powder + 15-35 parts of miscellaneous wood chips , the third layer is 8 parts of wheat + 85-65 parts of crop straw powder + 0.5 part of vitamin B group + 1 part of plant ash, the fourth layer is 85-65 parts of crop straw powder + 15-35 parts of miscellaneous wood chips, and the fifth layer is 10-35 parts of corn cob + 10-30 parts of miscellaneous sawdust + 70-30 parts of crushed waste paper + 10-5 parts of urea, the first layer is 15% of the test tube volume, and the water content is 50-75%, the second layer The filling capacity is 25% of the test tube volume, and the water content is 55-70%. The third layer is 15% of the test tube volume, and the water content is 40-55%. ~50%, the filling capacity of the fifth layer is 20% of the test tube volume, the water content is 55~80%, and 5% of the space is reserved at the test tube mouth to facilitate the air circulation in the tube.

第一层羊肚菌基脚土含量小于25%时因组织块长时间脱水而变干,导致不能发菌;腐熟牛、羊或鸡粪含量低于15%时菌丝菌丝不扭结,生长缓慢,甚至停止生长;生石灰含量低于3%时料容易霉变,甚至分离失败。第三层为10%~30%小麦;第三层小麦含量10%、维生素B族低于1%和草木灰含量低于2%时在此层菌丝也不会发生扭结,仅有很少量的菌丝才能进入第四层。第五层粉碎废纸含量低于30%和尿素含量低于5%时,菌丝生长缓慢,也不形成菌核,造成产量降低,玉米芯含量低于10%时,培养料通气性较差,容易霉变。When the foot soil content of the first layer of Morchella fungus is less than 25%, the tissue block will dry out due to long-term dehydration, resulting in no fungus; when the content of decomposed cow, sheep or chicken manure is less than 15%, the mycelia will not kink and grow. Slow, or even stop growing; when the quicklime content is less than 3%, the material is prone to mildew, and even the separation fails. The third layer is 10%-30% wheat; when the third layer contains 10% wheat, less than 1% of vitamin B family and less than 2% of plant ash, the hyphae in this layer will not kink, only a small amount The hyphae can enter the fourth layer. When the content of crushed waste paper in the fifth layer is lower than 30% and the content of urea is lower than 5%, the growth of mycelium is slow and no sclerotia is formed, resulting in a decrease in yield. When the content of corncob is lower than 10%, the aeration of the compost is poor , easy to mildew.

步骤二中,培养主料料配方为8%小麦+79%直径0.2~0.5厘米的玉米秸秆颗粒+8%草木灰+1%磷酸二氢钾+3%磷肥+1%石灰。小麦含量和草木灰含量低于10%时发菌很慢,菌丝也不扭结,形成的菌核较少,甚至不形成菌核,造成出菇少,产量低。小麦含量含量高于30%时,菌丝生长的营养过剩,造成资源浪费,同时提高了生产成本,玉米秸秆颗粒低于10%时,原料的通气性较差,料的霉变率增高。In the second step, the main ingredient for cultivation is 8% wheat + 79% corn stalk particles with a diameter of 0.2-0.5 cm + 8% plant ash + 1% potassium dihydrogen phosphate + 3% phosphate fertilizer + 1% lime. When the content of wheat and plant ash is lower than 10%, the fungus grows very slowly, the hyphae are not kinked, and the sclerotium formed is less, or even no sclerotium is formed, resulting in less fruiting and low yield. When the wheat content is higher than 30%, the mycelia will grow with excessive nutrition, resulting in waste of resources and increasing the production cost. When the corn stalk particles are lower than 10%, the ventilation of the raw material is poor, and the mildew rate of the material increases.

培养料封口料配方为:55%羊肚菌基脚土,43.5%草木灰,0.5%生石灰,1%磷酸二氢钾,含水量30%~45%,pH为7.0~7.5;羊肚菌基脚土含量低于60%和草木灰含量低于14%,发菌迟且慢,料的保水性能差,水分蒸发快,不利于菌核形成。生石灰含量低于1%时,封口料易生线虫,高于3%,料的pH值将高于7.5,碱性太强,不利于菌丝生长。The formula of the culture material sealing material is: 55% Morchella foot soil, 43.5% plant ash, 0.5% quicklime, 1% potassium dihydrogen phosphate, water content 30%-45%, pH 7.0-7.5; Morchella foot If the soil content is less than 60% and the plant ash content is less than 14%, the bacteria will develop slowly, the water retention performance of the material is poor, and the water evaporates quickly, which is not conducive to the formation of sclerotia. When the quicklime content is less than 1%, the sealing material is prone to nematodes, and if it is higher than 3%, the pH value of the material will be higher than 7.5, and the alkalinity is too strong, which is not conducive to the growth of mycelium.

步骤3:外援营养袋的制作Step 3: Making the foreign aid nutrition bag

(1)外援营养袋养料配方:56%废纸、39%尿素、1%磷酸二氢钾、0.5%硫酸镁、0.5%硫酸锌,3%石膏;废纸含量低于60%和尿素含量低于10%时,菌丝进入营养袋的时间延长,延长了拿掉外援营养带的时间,从而延长了菌丝的营养生长期,推后了生殖生长时间,因此,出菇较晚,使羊肚菌的生长周期延长,不能实现一年三季的生产,间接地降低了产量。(1) Nutrient formula for foreign aid nutrition bags: 56% waste paper, 39% urea, 1% potassium dihydrogen phosphate, 0.5% magnesium sulfate, 0.5% zinc sulfate, 3% gypsum; waste paper content is less than 60% and urea content is low At 10%, the time for mycelium to enter the nutrition bag is prolonged, and the time for removing the external aid nutrient belt is prolonged, thereby prolonging the vegetative growth period of mycelium and delaying the reproductive growth time. Therefore, the fruiting is later, which makes the sheep The growth cycle of the belly mushroom is prolonged, and the production of three seasons a year cannot be realized, which indirectly reduces the yield.

因培养条件不达标,在高寒高海拔的合作市土壤刚刚解冻后在甘肃民族师范学院高原真菌科研教学实习基地用遮阳网荫棚种植3个阴棚,每个棚面积600m2,到8月份在每个棚里见到不到20个子实体,且子实体小。效果差异明显。Because the cultivation conditions were not up to standard, three shade sheds were planted with shade nets in the plateau fungal research and teaching practice base of Gansu Normal University for Nationalities after the soil had just thawed in the high-cold and high-altitude Hezuo city, each with an area of 600m 2 . See less than 20 fruiting bodies in each shed, and fruiting bodies are small. The difference in effect is obvious.

以上所述,仅为本发明的具体实施方式,但本发明的保护范围并不局限于此,任何不经过创造性劳动想到的变化或替换,都应涵盖在本发明的保护范围之内。因此,本发明的保护范围应该以权利要求书所限定的保护范围为准。The above is only a specific implementation of the present invention, but the scope of protection of the present invention is not limited thereto, and any changes or replacements that do not come to mind through creative work shall be covered within the scope of protection of the present invention. Therefore, the protection scope of the present invention should be determined by the protection scope defined in the claims.

Claims (7)

1.一种高寒高海拔地区羊肚菌多季种植方法,其特征在于,由如下步骤组成:1. a multi-season planting method for hickory chick in high-cold high-altitude area, is characterized in that, is made up of following steps: 步骤1:羊肚菌子实体的分离克隆:Step 1: Isolated cloning of Morchella fruiting bodies: 培养基料在容器中分五层设置,按照质量份数,每一层具体为:第一层为25~80份羊肚菌基脚土+3~5份生石灰+72~15份腐熟牛、羊或鸡粪,第二层为85~65份农作物秸秆粉+15~35份杂木屑,第三层为10~30份小麦+85~65份农作物秸秆粉+1~3份维生素B族+4~2份草木灰,第四层为85~65份农作物秸秆粉+15~35份杂木屑,第五层为10~35份玉米芯+10~30份杂木屑+70~30份粉碎废纸+10~5份尿素,容器口塞上棉塞,在温度为125℃,压力为0.15Mpa下高压灭菌1小时,在室温下自然冷却;将野生或栽培羊肚菌子实体取麦粒大小的1~2块组织接种在上述试管第一层料上,将试管放在12~28℃下,空气湿度为60%~95%,下避光培养,接种后第2天开始长出菌丝,10~15天待试管中长满菌丝直至长出菌核后取试管底部的菌丝或菌核或有菌丝、菌核的培养基直接接种在栽培种培养料上;The culture medium is set in five layers in the container. According to the mass parts, each layer is specifically: the first layer is 25 to 80 parts of morel foot soil + 3 to 5 parts of quicklime + 72 to 15 parts of decomposed beef, Sheep or chicken manure, the second layer is 85-65 parts of crop straw powder + 15-35 parts of miscellaneous wood chips, the third layer is 10-30 parts of wheat + 85-65 parts of crop straw powder + 1-3 parts of vitamin B group + 4-2 parts of plant ash, the fourth layer is 85-65 parts of crop straw powder + 15-35 parts of miscellaneous wood chips, the fifth layer is 10-35 parts of corncobs + 10-30 parts of miscellaneous wood chips + 70-30 parts of crushed waste paper +10-5 parts of urea, put a cotton plug on the mouth of the container, autoclave at a temperature of 125°C and a pressure of 0.15Mpa for 1 hour, and cool naturally at room temperature; take wild or cultivated Morchella fruiting bodies to the size of wheat grains 1 to 2 pieces of tissue were inoculated on the first layer of the above-mentioned test tube, and the test tube was placed at 12-28 ° C, with an air humidity of 60% to 95%, and cultured in the dark, and mycelium began to grow on the second day after inoculation. After 10 to 15 days, the test tube is covered with mycelia until sclerotia grows, and then the mycelium or sclerotia at the bottom of the test tube or the culture medium with mycelium and sclerotia are directly inoculated on the cultivar compost; 步骤2:栽培种的制作Step 2: Production of cultivars 培养主料配方为10%~35%小麦+75%~30%直径0.2~0.5厘米的玉米秸秆颗粒+10%~30%草木灰+1%磷酸二氢钾+3%磷肥+1%石灰;②将浸泡24~48小时的小麦煮至里面不发白但不烂皮后捞出沥干水分,加上玉米秸秆颗粒、草木灰拌匀;③将磷酸二氢钾、磷肥和石灰完全溶解在水里拌在上述混合物里做成培养料,含水量50%~65%;④培养料封口料配方为:60%~82%羊肚菌基脚土,38%~14%草木灰,1%~3%生石灰,1%磷酸二氢钾,含水量30%~45%,pH为7.0~7.5;⑤封口料装瓶或装袋:先将培养料主料装入瓶或袋中,装瓶或装袋,再装入封口料;⑥封口灭菌:121℃~125℃,0.12Mpa~0.15Mpa高压灭菌4~2小时;⑦接种:将灭菌后的料冷却,在无菌环境中接入步骤1分离得到的菌丝或菌核连同培养料取黄豆粒大小接种在封口料上并压紧与料充分接触,一支20mm×200mm试管视菌丝和菌核长势可以接30~55瓶或袋,其中最下层接15~25瓶或袋,第二层接10~20瓶,第一层接5瓶~10瓶;⑧培养:在温度为10~28℃下避光培养,空气湿度为55%~90%,接种后第2~4天开始长出菌丝,10~20天菌丝满瓶或满袋直至长出菌核即为栽培种;The main material formula for cultivation is 10%-35% wheat + 75%-30% corn stalk particles with a diameter of 0.2-0.5 cm + 10%-30% plant ash + 1% potassium dihydrogen phosphate + 3% phosphate fertilizer + 1% lime; ② Cook the wheat soaked for 24 to 48 hours until the inside is not whitish but the skin is not rotten, then remove and drain the water, add corn stalks and plant ash and mix well; ③ Completely dissolve potassium dihydrogen phosphate, phosphate fertilizer and lime in the water Mix it with the above mixture to make compost, with a water content of 50% to 65%; ④The formula of the compost sealing material is: 60% to 82% morel fungus foot soil, 38% to 14% plant ash, 1% to 3% Quicklime, 1% potassium dihydrogen phosphate, water content 30% to 45%, pH 7.0 to 7.5; , and then put in the sealing material; ⑥Sealing sterilization: 121℃~125℃, 0.12Mpa~0.15Mpa autoclave for 4~2 hours; 1. The isolated hyphae or sclerotium together with the culture material are inoculated on the sealing material with the size of soybean grains and pressed tightly to fully contact with the material. A 20mm×200mm test tube can be connected to 30-55 bottles or bags depending on the growth of mycelium and sclerotia. , wherein the bottom layer is connected with 15-25 bottles or bags, the second layer is connected with 10-20 bottles, and the first layer is connected with 5-10 bottles; % to 90%, mycelium begins to grow on the 2nd to 4th day after inoculation, and the mycelium is full of bottles or bags in 10 to 20 days until sclerotia grows, which is the cultivated species; 步骤3:外援营养袋的制作Step 3: Making the foreign aid nutrition bag (1)外援营养袋养料配方:废纸、尿素、磷酸二氢钾、硫酸镁、硫酸锌,石膏;(1) Nutrient formula for foreign aid nutrition bags: waste paper, urea, potassium dihydrogen phosphate, magnesium sulfate, zinc sulfate, gypsum; 步骤4:日光温室棚种植,周年均可种植,此步骤包括:Step 4: Planting in a solar greenhouse, which can be planted every year. This step includes: (1)整地及播种:①施基肥:施有机肥和油菜饼粉作为基肥,②土壤灭菌:将厢内土壤翻松,整平,先用石灰进行全面的消毒,石灰用量为250kg/亩~350kg/亩,浇一次透水后,晾晒2-5天,再撒一层1厘米厚的草木灰和一层5厘米厚的中砂,喷洒浓度为0.5%氯氰菊酯及50%的辛硫磷混合水溶液杀虫;③温室棚灭菌:土壤消毒后再将地深翻一次后密闭大棚用高锰酸钾和甲醛进行熏蒸灭菌3天,然后通风处理2天;④起厢:平整后的种植土地表面开设厢面,厢面宽度为80~120cm,再在厢面四周开设厢灌水沟,灌水沟的宽度15~30cm,灌水沟的深度为15~20cm,然后将栽培种撒播在厢面上,该技术要求大播种量,分春、秋、冬三季播种;(1) Soil preparation and seeding: ① Base fertilizer application: apply organic fertilizer and rapeseed meal as base fertilizer, ② Soil sterilization: loosen and level the soil in the box, and first use lime for comprehensive disinfection. The amount of lime is 250kg/mu ~350kg/mu, after watering once, let it dry for 2-5 days, then sprinkle a layer of plant ash with a thickness of 1 cm and a layer of medium sand with a thickness of 5 cm, and spray a mixed aqueous solution of 0.5% cypermethrin and 50% phoxim Insecticide; ③Greenhouse Sterilization: After the soil is sterilized, turn the ground once, and then seal the greenhouse with potassium permanganate and formaldehyde for 3 days of fumigation and sterilization, and then ventilate for 2 days; Set up a car surface on the surface, the width of the car surface is 80-120cm, and then set up a car irrigation ditch around the car surface, the width of the irrigation ditch is 15-30cm, and the depth of the irrigation ditch is 15-20cm, and then the cultivated seeds are spread on the car surface. This technology requires a large amount of sowing, sowing in spring, autumn and winter; (2)消毒:采用75%的酒精对菌种取用器具、盛放盆、接种人员双手等进行消毒后,接种人员通过取用器具将羊肚菌菌种置于盛放器具中;(2) Disinfection: After using 75% alcohol to disinfect the strain taking utensils, holding basins, hands of the inoculation personnel, etc., the inoculation personnel place the morel strains in the holding utensils by taking the utensils; (3)拌种:将甘油三酯和磷酸二氢钾与水以1~3:1:5的体积比混合制成拌种溶液,将栽培种拌匀,拌种溶液的用量为栽培质量的25%~35%,因为羊肚菌在营养生长阶段必须储存足够的营养,而甘油三酯可以作为营养物质储存在菌丝里以满足羊肚菌生殖生长的需要,因此,延长了生殖生长时期,减少了病虫害的发生,出菇稳定,大大地提高了种植产量;该技术是本发明的核心技术之三;(3) Seed dressing: Mix triglyceride, potassium dihydrogen phosphate and water at a volume ratio of 1 to 3:1:5 to make a seed dressing solution, mix the cultivated species well, and the amount of the seed dressing solution is the cultivation quality. 25% to 35%, because morels must store sufficient nutrients during the vegetative growth stage, and triglycerides can be stored in the mycelium as nutrients to meet the needs of morels' reproductive growth, thus prolonging the reproductive growth period , reducing the occurrence of pests and diseases, stable fruiting, greatly improving the planting yield; this technology is the third core technology of the present invention; (4)播种:在厢面上先用1%磷酸二氢钾+1%赤霉素+0.5%硫酸镁+0.5%硫酸锌+10%草木灰的混合营养液洒湿整个厢面,再直接在厢面上进行撒播,后覆盖2~4cm的土,再将厢内土壤进行4~6小时的喷灌,直至使土壤湿度达到95%,再在厢面上覆盖一层(2~3cm厚)的作物秸秆,以利于保湿;目的是通过进行第一次的水刺激使正在生长的菌丝进入生殖生长;如果第一季在2月初播种,菌丝营养生长在2、3和4月,子实体生殖生长在5月中旬至6月初,25~40天生长周期结束,在整个生长阶段,在高寒地区棚内温度不会低于羊肚菌生活史的最低生长温度,子实体生长1个月左右结束了整个生活史,第一季出菇产量约为100~150kg/亩;接着夏季在6月初进行第二季播种,菌丝营养生长在6、7和8月,8月中旬至9月初开始出菇,这个季节,在高寒地区温度也不会超过其生活史的最高生长温度,子实体生长30~50天完成了整个生活史,第二季出菇产量约为150~kg/亩,接着10月份初进行第三季播种,菌丝营养生长在10、11、12和1月,由于早晚温差较大,一天中棚内凌晨3:00~5:00温度为最低~5℃~3℃,菌丝生长期延长,子实体生殖生长在第二年的1月底至2月初,这个季节,在高寒高海拔地区温室棚温度也不会低于其生活史的最底生长温度,子实体生长40~55天完成了整个生活史,第二季出菇产量170~200kg/亩;因此,可以实现一年三季的周年生产,且由于,高寒高海拔地区几乎没有高于30℃的季节,出菇会延长至30~40天,而在温度较高地区羊肚菌子实体出菇仅为10~15天;加大播种量是提高产量的关键之一,另外用营养液喷洒厢面可以为菌丝生长提供必要的无机盐、激素等物质,另外羊肚菌连作更能丰富土壤的微生物区系,从而比单作大大地提高了产量;(4) Sowing: Sprinkle the whole car surface with a mixed nutrient solution of 1% potassium dihydrogen phosphate + 1% gibberellin + 0.5% magnesium sulfate + 0.5% zinc sulfate + 10% plant ash on the car surface, and then directly on the car surface Sow on the surface of the compartment, and then cover with 2-4cm of soil, then spray the soil in the compartment for 4-6 hours until the soil humidity reaches 95%, and then cover the surface of the compartment with a layer (2-3cm thick) of Crop stalks to facilitate moisture retention; the purpose is to make the growing mycelium enter reproductive growth by performing the first water stimulation; if the first season is sown in early February, the mycelium will grow vegetatively in February, March and April, and the fruiting body Reproductive growth is from mid-May to early June, and the 25-40-day growth cycle ends. During the whole growth stage, the temperature in the shed in the alpine area will not be lower than the lowest growth temperature of the life history of morels, and the fruiting bodies will grow for about 1 month. After the whole life cycle is over, the fruiting output in the first season is about 100-150kg/mu; then the second season is sown in early June in summer, and the vegetative growth of mycelia occurs in June, July and August, and starts from mid-August to early September Fruiting, in this season, the temperature in the alpine region will not exceed the maximum growth temperature of its life history. The fruiting bodies grow for 30-50 days to complete the entire life history. The output of mushrooms in the second season is about 150-kg/mu, and then The third season is sown at the beginning of October, and mycelia grow vegetatively in October, November, December and January. Due to the large temperature difference between morning and evening, the temperature in the shed is the lowest at 3:00-5:00 in the morning of the day ~ 5°C ~ 3°C , the mycelial growth period is extended, and the fruiting body reproduces and grows from the end of January to the beginning of February of the second year. The entire life cycle is completed in 40-55 days, and the output of mushrooms in the second season is 170-200kg/mu; therefore, the annual production of three seasons in a year can be realized, and because there are almost no seasons higher than 30°C in the alpine and high-altitude areas, the output Mushrooms will be extended to 30-40 days, but in higher temperature areas, the fruiting body of Morchella is only 10-15 days; increasing the amount of sowing is one of the keys to increase production, and spraying the car surface with nutrient solution can provide bacteria Silk growth provides necessary inorganic salts, hormones and other substances. In addition, the continuous cropping of morels can enrich the microbial flora of the soil, thus greatly increasing the yield compared with single cropping; (5)投放外援营养袋(5) Drop foreign aid nutrition bags 在步骤4羊肚菌播种后第:7~10天,在养料袋上扎孔,将养料袋开孔的一侧平放于土壤表面,压至与所有孔均与土壤充分接触,如果将孔暴露在空气中,就会引起营养袋内的养料感染杂菌而霉变,外援营养袋之间的距离为25cm~45cm,行距30cm~50cm;On the 7th to 10th day after step 4 hickory chick sowing, pierce holes on the nutrient bag, place the side of the nutrient bag opening on the soil surface, and press until all the holes are in full contact with the soil. Exposure to the air will cause the nutrients in the nutrition bags to be infected with bacteria and become moldy. The distance between the foreign aid nutrition bags is 25cm-45cm, and the row spacing is 30cm-50cm; (6)菌丝生长阶段管理(6) Mycelia growth stage management 在步骤5羊肚菌播种后,因土壤水分蒸发而导致土壤发白时,就要进行土地灌水沟漫灌和厢面喷灌处理,进行灌溉时,水里加上甘油三酯0.5mL/L、磷酸二氢钾0.05mL/L和细胞分裂素0.05mL/L,以提供菌丝生长的营养,同时,保持厢面土壤湿度50%~70%,空气湿度70%~95%,温度12~22℃;After the morels are sown in step 5, when the soil turns white due to the evaporation of soil water, it is necessary to carry out flood irrigation of land irrigation ditch and sprinkler irrigation on the compartment surface. Potassium hydrogen 0.05mL/L and cytokinin 0.05mL/L to provide nutrients for the growth of mycelium, and at the same time, keep the soil humidity of the compartment floor at 50% to 70%, the air humidity at 70% to 95%, and the temperature at 12 to 22°C; (7)拿掉外援营养袋:营养袋投放7~40天,标准营养袋内长满菌丝,且菌丝非常密集后拿掉,拿掉外源营养袋菌丝进入生殖生长的诱因之一,后进行补水,在水刺激前土壤要相对的干燥,水刺激后的土壤含水量50%~65%,空气湿度85%~90%,温度12~22℃;(7) Remove the foreign aid nutrition bag: put the nutrition bag for 7 to 40 days, the standard nutrition bag is covered with mycelium, and the mycelium is very dense, then remove it, one of the incentives for the mycelium to enter reproductive growth after removing the external source nutrition bag After water stimulation, the soil should be relatively dry before water stimulation. After water stimulation, the soil moisture content is 50% to 65%, the air humidity is 85% to 90%, and the temperature is 12 to 22°C; (8)羊肚菌出菇管理(8) Morel fruiting management 羊肚菌菌丝分化形成原基到具有菌柄和菌盖的幼小子实体后,进入羊肚菌出菇阶段,原基出现到长到3cm期间是一个关键的时期这段时间,厢面土壤湿度控制在田间持水量的50%~60%,空气湿度控制在85%~90%,温度12~22℃,条件稍有不适,原基就会大量死亡;After the mycelium of morels differentiates to form a primordium to a small fruiting body with a stipe and a cap, it enters the mushrooming stage of morels. The period from the appearance of the primordia to the growth of 3cm is a critical period. During this period, the soil on the compartment surface The humidity is controlled at 50% to 60% of the field water holding capacity, the air humidity is controlled at 85% to 90%, and the temperature is 12 to 22°C. If the conditions are slightly uncomfortable, a large number of primordia will die; (9)采收(9) Harvesting 子实体生长5~10天后,颜色由灰色变成灰黄时,子实体表面开始有少量白色孢子粉出现时达到成熟标准及时进行采收,成熟一个采收一个,每天早晨、中午、下午各采摘1次;采摘时,用木制刀具从菌柄基部与土壤的交接处,整齐切断,不要用手直接从土壤上拔起,以免损伤周围的幼小原基和未成熟的子实体。After the fruit body grows for 5 to 10 days, when the color changes from gray to grayish yellow, a small amount of white spore powder appears on the surface of the fruit body, and when it reaches the maturity standard, harvest in time. Pick one mature one, and pick each in the morning, noon, and afternoon. 1 time; when picking, use a wooden knife to cut off neatly from the junction of the base of the stipe and the soil, and do not pull it directly from the soil by hand, so as not to damage the surrounding young primordia and immature fruiting bodies. 2.根据权利要求1所述的一种高寒高海拔地区羊肚菌多季种植方法,其特征在于,所述步骤一中,第一层装量为试管容积15%,含水量为50~75%,第二层装量为试管容积25%,含水量为55~70%,第三层装量为试管容积15%,含水量为40~55%,第四层装量为试管容积25%,含水量为35~50%,第五层装量为试管容积20%,含水量为55~80%,试管口留出5%的空间以利于管内空气流通。2. The multi-season planting method of hickory chick in high-cold and high-altitude regions according to claim 1, characterized in that, in said step 1, the loading capacity of the first layer is 15% of the test tube volume, and the water content is 50-75% %, the second layer is 25% of the test tube volume, and the water content is 55-70%, the third layer is 15% of the test tube volume, and the water content is 40-55%, and the fourth layer is 25% of the test tube volume , the water content is 35-50%, the fifth layer is 20% of the test tube volume, the water content is 55-80%, and 5% of the space is reserved at the test tube mouth to facilitate the air circulation in the tube. 3.根据权利要求1所述的一种高寒高海拔地区羊肚菌多季种植方法,其特征在于,所述步骤二中,培养料主料装量标准为不大于3/5,再装入封口料,封口料装量标准为不少于1/5,装料不能太实,料中间插上一支木条,且瓶或袋要留出1/5的空间,以确保料的通气性。3. A method for planting hickory chicks in multiple seasons in high-cold and high-altitude regions according to claim 1, characterized in that, in said step 2, the loading standard of the main material of the compost is no more than 3/5, and then the Sealing material, the filling standard of the sealing material is not less than 1/5, the filling should not be too heavy, a wooden strip is inserted in the middle of the material, and 1/5 of the space should be left in the bottle or bag to ensure the ventilation of the material . 4.根据权利要求1所述的一种高寒高海拔地区羊肚菌多季种植方法,其特征在于,所述步骤三中,将各原料混合后用水拌匀,含水量为45%~60%,即得外援营养袋养料,将养料依次进行装袋、封口,不需要高压灭菌,即得养料袋。4. The multi-season planting method of hickory chick in high-cold and high-altitude regions according to claim 1, characterized in that, in the third step, the raw materials are mixed and mixed with water, and the water content is 45% to 60%. , that is, the foreign aid nutrition bag nutrition is obtained, and the nutrition is bagged and sealed in sequence, without autoclaving, to obtain the nutrition bag. 5.根据权利要求1所述的一种高寒高海拔地区羊肚菌多季种植方法,其特征在于,所述步骤四中,有机肥的使用量为800~1200kg/亩,油菜饼粉的使用量为120~130kg/亩。5. The multi-season planting method of hickory chick in high-cold and high-altitude areas according to claim 1, characterized in that, in said step 4, the amount of organic fertilizer used is 800-1200 kg/mu, and the use of rapeseed meal The amount is 120-130kg/mu. 6.根据权利要求1所述的一种高寒高海拔地区羊肚菌多季种植方法,其特征在于,所述步骤四中,拿掉外援营养袋后进行第一次补水,补水量为2L/m2,后每隔7天补一次水进行水刺激,直到原基出现。6. The multi-season planting method of hickory chick in high-cold and high-altitude areas according to claim 1, characterized in that, in the step 4, the first water replenishment is carried out after the foreign aid nutrition bag is removed, and the water replenishment amount is 2L/ m 2 , after that, water was added every 7 days for water stimulation until the primordia appeared. 7.根据权利要求6所述的一种高寒高海拔地区羊肚菌多季种植方法,其特征在于,所述步骤四中,补水时向水中加入磷酸二氢钾0.05mL/L和细胞分裂素0.05mL/L,水刺激的速度为250~1000mL/小时﹒平方米,每次12小时到40小时,在水刺激前土壤要相对的干燥,水刺激后的土壤含水量50%~65%,空气湿度85%~90%,温度12~22℃。7. The method for planting hickory chick in multiple seasons in high-cold and high-altitude areas according to claim 6, characterized in that, in step 4, potassium dihydrogen phosphate 0.05mL/L and cytokinin are added to the water when replenishing water 0.05mL/L, the speed of water stimulation is 250~1000mL/hour. Square meters, 12 hours to 40 hours each time, the soil should be relatively dry before water stimulation, after water stimulation, the soil moisture content is 50% to 65%, the air humidity is 85% to 90%, and the temperature is 12 to 22°C.
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CN112021064A (en) * 2019-06-04 2020-12-04 青海卓辰农业科技发展有限公司 Method suitable for planting morchella in summer in plateau area
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CN110249916A (en) * 2019-07-26 2019-09-20 黑龙江省科学院微生物研究所 A kind of hickory chick plastic house culture method of severe cold area
CN110419386A (en) * 2019-08-21 2019-11-08 青海卓辰农业科技发展有限公司 Highlands hickory chick annual cultivation
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CN113170702A (en) * 2020-08-18 2021-07-27 山西大同大学 A kind of Morchella multi-season planting method and application thereof
CN112266290A (en) * 2020-09-15 2021-01-26 上海健康医学院 Nutrient pack for cultivation of Morchella and preparation method thereof
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CN113330985A (en) * 2021-07-02 2021-09-03 任宝国 Artificial cultivation method of morchella in northeast region
CN114747422A (en) * 2022-04-06 2022-07-15 赵金亮 High-yield and rapid fruiting method of northern morchella
CN115067150A (en) * 2022-08-08 2022-09-20 吉林省农业科学院 Morchella interplanting method
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CN116530361A (en) * 2023-07-03 2023-08-04 内蒙古绿新园林绿化有限责任公司 A kind of morel winter and spring facility greenhouse planting production method
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