CN115250826A - Production method of selenium-rich gastrodia elata - Google Patents
Production method of selenium-rich gastrodia elata Download PDFInfo
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- CN115250826A CN115250826A CN202210908222.8A CN202210908222A CN115250826A CN 115250826 A CN115250826 A CN 115250826A CN 202210908222 A CN202210908222 A CN 202210908222A CN 115250826 A CN115250826 A CN 115250826A
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- BUGBHKTXTAQXES-UHFFFAOYSA-N Selenium Chemical compound [Se] BUGBHKTXTAQXES-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 153
- 239000011669 selenium Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 152
- 229910052711 selenium Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 152
- 241000305491 Gastrodia elata Species 0.000 title claims abstract description 57
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 19
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- 241000894006 Bacteria Species 0.000 claims abstract description 41
- 238000000855 fermentation Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 31
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 29
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- BVTBRVFYZUCAKH-UHFFFAOYSA-L disodium selenite Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-][Se]([O-])=O BVTBRVFYZUCAKH-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 39
- 229960001471 sodium selenite Drugs 0.000 claims description 39
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- 238000004659 sterilization and disinfection Methods 0.000 claims description 30
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 claims description 22
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Chemical compound O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 21
- WQZGKKKJIJFFOK-GASJEMHNSA-N Glucose Natural products OC[C@H]1OC(O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H]1O WQZGKKKJIJFFOK-GASJEMHNSA-N 0.000 claims description 20
- 239000008103 glucose Substances 0.000 claims description 20
- 229910052943 magnesium sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 20
- 235000019341 magnesium sulphate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 20
- 229910000402 monopotassium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 20
- 235000019796 monopotassium phosphate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 20
- PJNZPQUBCPKICU-UHFFFAOYSA-N phosphoric acid;potassium Chemical compound [K].OP(O)(O)=O PJNZPQUBCPKICU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 18
- 229910018143 SeO3 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 16
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 claims description 16
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- 108010080698 Peptones Proteins 0.000 claims description 15
- 244000061456 Solanum tuberosum Species 0.000 claims description 15
- 235000002595 Solanum tuberosum Nutrition 0.000 claims description 15
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- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- FGIUAXJPYTZDNR-UHFFFAOYSA-N potassium nitrate Chemical compound [K+].[O-][N+]([O-])=O FGIUAXJPYTZDNR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims description 10
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- 241000894007 species Species 0.000 claims description 10
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G18/00—Cultivation of mushrooms
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G18/00—Cultivation of mushrooms
- A01G18/20—Culture media, e.g. compost
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G18/00—Cultivation of mushrooms
- A01G18/40—Cultivation of spawn
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G31/00—Soilless cultivation, e.g. hydroponics
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- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Mycology (AREA)
- Micro-Organisms Or Cultivation Processes Thereof (AREA)
Abstract
The invention relates to the technical field of gastrodia elata cultivation, in particular to a selenium-rich gastrodia elata production method, and provides the following scheme aiming at the problem that the selenium content in the cultivated gastrodia elata is low due to the fact that the cultivation process is simple in the existing gastrodia elata cultivation technology, wherein the method comprises the following steps: s1: domesticating selenium-rich strains, and S2: fermentation culture, S3: preparation of cultivars, S4: seed dressing is carried out, and S5: the aim of the invention is to utilize the selenium-rich characteristics of armillaria mellea and germinant bacteria, add inorganic selenium into the culture medium during submerged culture of the armillaria mellea and the germinant bacteria, and obtain selenium-rich gastrodia elata after absorption and metabolism in the growth process of the armillaria mellea and the germinant bacteria, thereby bringing a new product to the healthy demand of people.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of gastrodia elata cultivation, in particular to a production method of selenium-rich gastrodia elata.
Background
Selenium is one of essential trace mineral elements for human body, and selenium deficiency is a main cause of keshan disease and Kaschin-Beck disease. China 72%The area of the Chinese medicinal preparation is a selenium-deficient area, the main symptoms of the selenium deficiency comprise keshan disease and Kaschin-Beck disease, the prevalence rate of diseases such as diabetes, hypertension syndrome, cancer, liver disease and the like can be improved, and the fact that the distribution of the selenium content is uneven threatens the health of human bodies. However, most of the selenium existing in nature is inorganic selenium, the inorganic selenium has high toxicity and is not easy to be absorbed and utilized by human and animals, the selenium source allowed to be used by the human and the animals is organic selenium, and the organic selenium is formed by combining biotransformation and amino acid. Researches show that the edible and medicinal fungi have strong enrichment and conversion capability on inorganic selenium, can convert inorganic selenium into organic selenium, and is more beneficial to absorption and utilization of organisms. With the popularization of people on selenium and immune functions, cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases and cancer prevention and anticancer cognition, the demand of selenium-rich health-care food is increasing day by day, the edible fungi have very high nutritional and economic values, and the selenium-rich culture can have the advantages of the selenium-rich edible fungi and selenium-rich elements, so the selenium-rich edible fungi have wide development prospect. It was found that Na is accompanied by2SeO3The growth rate of Armillaria mellea and germination bacteria tends to increase and decrease after the concentration increases. The growth speed of the rhizomorph and hypha is higher under low concentration, and the growth speed of the rhizomorph and hypha is inhibited under high concentration, which shows that the selenium concentration influences the growth of armillaria mellea and germinant bacteria to a certain extent and different strains are on Na2SeO3Have differences in tolerance concentration. With the increase of selenium concentration, the growth rate of Armillaria mellea and germination bacteria is increased and decreased, and the growth conditions of various strains under different concentrations are integrated, and the growth conditions of Armillaria mellea M-H are relative to Na2SeO3The tolerant concentration of the strain is 60mg/L, and the germination bacteria SHXG is on Na2SeO3Is 10mg/L.
The rhizoma Gastrodiae belongs to angiospermaceae, saprophytic herbaceous plant, has no root and green leaf, and is immersed in soil as tuber throughout the year, and the root and stem can be used as medicine. The fertilizer is mainly distributed in the areas of Shaanxi, yunnan and the like in China, and is usually grown under sparse forests, forest edges or shrub edges, and the growth mode is special. The embryo of the gastrodia elata seed is not differentiated by organs, and nutrient substances necessary for seed germination are not stored, so that the germination of the gastrodia elata seed needs germination bacteria to provide nutrient substances for the gastrodia elata seed, rhizomorph of armillaria mellea can break through epidermal cells of the tuber of the gastrodia elata and reach innermost cells, a hypha channel is established, and the nutrient substances are provided for the gastrodia elata, so that the growth and development of the gastrodia elata can grow into the tuber of the gastrodia elata only by symbiosis with the armillaria mellea and the germination bacteria. In recent years, the artificial cultivation technology is continuously developed, and the market demand can be basically met. However, with the high requirements of people on healthy life, selenium-rich gastrodia elata gradually becomes a modern research hotspot. In addition, in the existing artificial cultivation technology of the gastrodia elata, the selenium-rich gastrodia elata is cultivated by adding the organic selenium fertilizer into the culture medium mostly, and a method for carrying out cultivation tests by taking the selenium-rich armillaria mellea and the selenium-rich germinating bacteria as media is not reported, so that a new idea is provided for cultivation of the selenium-rich gastrodia elata.
However, the problem that the selenium content in the cultivated gastrodia elata is low due to the fact that the cultivation process is simple still exists in the existing gastrodia elata cultivation technology, and therefore a production method of the selenium-rich gastrodia elata is provided for solving the problem.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the problem that the selenium content in the cultivated gastrodia elata is low due to the fact that the cultivation process is simple in the existing gastrodia elata cultivation technology, and the like, and provides a production method of selenium-enriched gastrodia elata.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
a production method of selenium-rich rhizoma Gastrodiae comprises the following steps:
s1: domesticating selenium-enriched strains: domesticating selenium-enriched strains by professionals;
s2: fermentation culture: carrying out fermentation culture by professional personnel;
s3: preparing a cultivated species: preparation of cultivars by professionals;
s4: seed dressing is carried out: dressing seeds by professional personnel;
s5: and (3) cultivation: cultivating the seed-dressing selenium-rich germinating fungi by professional personnel;
preferably, in S1, the professionals domesticate the selenium-rich strains, wherein the strains are Armillaria mellea M-H and Germination SHXG, and a filter membrane with the diameter of 0.45 μ M is adopted for domesticating the selenium-rich strainsFiltering, sterilizing, adding into PDA culture medium, and screening Armillaria mellea and germinating bacteria on culture dishes with different selenium concentrations to obtain inorganic selenium tolerance concentrations, wherein a selenium concentration gradient method is adopted when screening Armillaria mellea and germinating bacteria on culture dishes with different selenium concentrations to obtain inorganic selenium tolerance concentrations, wherein the selenium concentration gradient method comprises gradually increasing Na in solid culture medium2SeO3And Na in final concentrations of 10, 20, 30, 40, 50mg/L respectively2SeO3Adding the solution into PDA culture medium, inoculating test strain on culture dish with different selenium concentration, wherein the test strain is inoculated by inoculating germinating bacteria to Na2SeO3Culturing on PDA culture medium with concentration of 10mg/L at 24 deg.C for 4-5 days, inoculating to culture dish with selenium concentration of 20mg/L, gradually acclimating inorganic selenium tolerance of germinating bacteria mycelium, and simultaneously using Na with final concentration of 20, 40, 60, 80, 100, 120, 140, 150mg/L respectively2SeO3Adding the solution into a PDA culture medium, inoculating test strains on culture dishes with different selenium concentrations, domesticating the tolerance capacity of armillaria mellea mycelium to inorganic selenium, observing and recording the change of morphological characteristics of each strain, wherein the growth conditions of hyphae and hyphae cables are measured by adopting a cross method, the growth speeds of the hyphae and the hyphae cables are recorded and calculated, the PDA culture medium needs to be sterilized by high-pressure steam after being prepared, and the hyphae cables are filtered and sterilized by a filter membrane with the diameter of 0.45 mu m until the culture medium is sterilized, and then adding sodium selenite;
preferably, in S2, fermentation culture is performed by a professional, wherein during the fermentation culture, glucose, peptone, magnesium sulfate, potassium dihydrogen phosphate, yeast powder and 60mg/L sodium selenite solution are added into the armillaria mellea liquid culture medium, the pH is natural, and glucose, peptone, magnesium sulfate, potassium dihydrogen phosphate, potato filtrate and 10mg/L sodium selenite solution are added into the germination bacteria liquid culture medium, the pH is natural, and the armillaria mellea fermentation culture medium is prepared from 20.0g/L glucose, 5.0g/L peptone, 1.0g/L potassium dihydrogen phosphate, 3.0g/L magnesium sulfate and 10.0mg/L vitamin B1200.0g/L potato, 30.0g/L yeast powder, 60mg/L sodium selenite, and has natural pH, wherein the culture is carried outUnder the conditions that 200mL of the germination bacteria fermentation medium is filled in a 500mL shake flask, the rotating speed is set to be 120r/min, the temperature is set to be 24 ℃, and meanwhile, the germination bacteria fermentation medium is cultured on a rotary shaking table for 15-20d, and the germination bacteria fermentation medium is prepared from 200.0g/L of potatoes, 20.0g/L of glucose, 50.0g/L of corn flour, 5.0g/L of monopotassium phosphate, 3.0g/L of magnesium sulfate, 5.0g/L of potassium nitrate, 10.0mg/L of vitamin B110mg/L sodium selenite and natural pH, wherein the culture condition is that 200mL is charged in a 500mL shake flask, the rotating speed is set to be 120r/min, the temperature is set to be 24 ℃, and meanwhile, the culture is carried out on a rotary shaking table for 15-20 days;
preferably, in the step S3, a professional prepares a cultivar, wherein the cultivar is prepared by soaking corncobs in a sodium selenite aqueous solution overnight, taking out the corncobs and draining the corncobs, uniformly mixing the corncobs with wheat bran when the humidity is 40%, placing the mixture into a cultivation bottle, wherein the position of the cultivation bottle is 3-5cm away from a bottle opening, soaking basswood in the sodium selenite aqueous solution overnight, taking out the basswood and draining the basswood, placing the basswood into the cultivation bottle to the position of the bottle opening of 8-10cm, adding distilled water into the cultivation bottle to keep the distilled water and the basswood basically at the same height, and simultaneously performing high-pressure steam sterilization, wherein the temperature in a high-pressure steam sterilization pot is 126 ℃ during the high-pressure steam sterilization, the sterilization time is 150min, inoculating liquid strains after the high-pressure steam sterilization is completed, and hyphae is supplemented with sterile water when the water content in the cultivation bottle is insufficient during the inoculation, and the cultivation bottle is placed in a constant temperature box at 24 ℃ for cultivation, and the hyphae grows over for standby;
preferably, in the step S4, a professional mixes seeds, wherein the seed mixing is to take out the selenium-rich germinating fungi in a full bottle from the cultivation bottle, break the selenium-rich germinating fungi into walnut-shaped seeds, stir the broken selenium-rich germinating fungi and the gastrodia elata seeds to complete seed mixing, put the mixture into a cultivation bag after stirring uniformly, wherein the cultivation bag is 17cm × 33cm, put the cultivation bag into a refrigerator at 4 ℃ to perform low-temperature stress stimulation on germination of the gastrodia elata seeds, take out the cultivation bag after 24 hours, and put the cultivation bag taken out to grow for 2-3 days at room temperature for later use;
preferably, in the step S5, the seed-dressing selenium-rich germinating fungi is cultivated by professionals, wherein the cultivation time is 5 months earlier, gastrodia elata capsules are collected and cultivated, the cultivation mode is outdoor cultivation, corncobs and basswood are required to be soaked overnight by sodium selenite aqueous solution before the cultivation night, the corncobs and the basswood are drained for use, shady and cool flat ground is found, meanwhile, a layer of corncobs with the thickness of 2-3cm is paved on the found flat ground, the seed-dressing germinating fungi cultivation bag is torn and evenly paved on the corncobs, basswood blocks are placed, cultivated armillaria mellea cultivars are placed, the armillaria mellea is placed on the section of the basswood and the scale of the basswood, finally, river sand is covered, the river sand covering standard is that the basswood can be completely covered, the sowing of the second layer is finished after the first layer is sown, the sowing of the second layer is completely the same as that of the first layer, two layers are carried out in one pit, soil loosening and fertilizing are not required in daily management, and the selenium-rich germination of the gastrodia elata month is harvested after 6-8 months.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
1. by utilizing the selenium-rich characteristics of the armillaria mellea and the germinant, inorganic selenium is added into a culture medium during the submerged culture of the armillaria mellea and the germinant, and the selenium-rich gastrodia elata is obtained after absorption and metabolism in the growth process of the armillaria mellea and the germinant, so that a new product is brought to the healthy demand of people.
The invention aims to provide a novel product for bringing health requirements of people to the health by adding inorganic selenium into a culture medium by utilizing the selenium-rich characteristics of armillaria mellea and germinant bacteria during submerged culture of the armillaria mellea and the germinant bacteria and absorbing and metabolizing the armillaria mellea and the germinant bacteria in the growth process.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a flow chart of a production method of selenium-rich gastrodia elata provided by the invention.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be described clearly and completely below, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments.
Example one
Referring to fig. 1, a production method of selenium-rich gastrodia elata comprises the following steps:
s1: domesticating selenium-enriched strains: domesticating selenium-rich strains by professional, wherein the strains are Armillaria mellea M-H and Germination SHXG, andfiltering with 0.45 μm diameter filter membrane for sterilization, adding into PDA culture medium, and screening Armillaria mellea and germinating bacteria on culture dishes with different selenium concentrations, wherein a selenium concentration gradient method is adopted for screening Armillaria mellea and germinating bacteria on culture dishes with different selenium concentrations, and Na is gradually added into solid culture medium2SeO3And Na in final concentrations of 10, 20, 30, 40, 50mg/L respectively2SeO3Adding the solution into PDA culture medium, inoculating test strain on culture dish with different selenium concentration, wherein the test strain is inoculated by inoculating germinating bacteria to Na2SeO3Culturing on PDA culture medium with concentration of 10mg/L at 24 deg.C for 5 days, transferring to culture dish with selenium concentration of 20mg/L, gradually acclimating the inorganic selenium tolerance of germinating bacteria mycelium, and simultaneously using Na with final concentration of 20, 40, 60, 80, 100, 120, 140, 150mg/L respectively2SeO3Adding the solution into a PDA culture medium, inoculating test strains on culture dishes with different selenium concentrations, domesticating the tolerance capacity of armillaria mellea mycelium to inorganic selenium, observing and recording the change of morphological characteristics of each strain, wherein the growth conditions of the mycelium and the funicular cord are measured by a cross method, the growth speeds of the mycelium and the funicular cord are recorded and calculated, the PDA culture medium needs to be sterilized by high-pressure steam after being prepared, and the PDA culture medium is filtered and sterilized by a filter membrane with the diameter of 0.45 mu m until the culture medium is sterilized, and then sodium selenite is added;
s2: fermentation culture: performing fermentation culture by professional personnel, wherein during the fermentation culture, glucose, peptone, magnesium sulfate, potassium dihydrogen phosphate, yeast powder and 60mg/L sodium selenite solution are added into a armillaria mellea liquid culture medium, the pH is natural, and the glucose, the peptone, magnesium sulfate, potassium dihydrogen phosphate, potato filtrate and 10mg/L sodium selenite solution are added into a germination bacteria liquid culture medium, the pH is natural, and the armillaria mellea fermentation culture medium is prepared from 20.0g/L glucose, 5.0g/L peptone, 1.0g/L potassium dihydrogen phosphate, 3.0g/L magnesium sulfate and 10.0mg/L vitamin B1200.0g/L potato, 30.0g/L yeast powder, 60mg/L asiaSodium selenate, and natural pH, wherein the culture condition is that 200mL is filled in a 500mL shake flask and the rotating speed is set to be 120r/min, the temperature is 24 ℃, and the germination bacteria are cultured for 18d on a rotary shaking table, and the fermentation medium of the germination bacteria is prepared from 200.0g/L potato, 20.0g/L glucose, 50.0g/L corn flour, 5.0g/L potassium dihydrogen phosphate, 3.0g/L magnesium sulfate, 5.0g/L potassium nitrate, 10.0mg/L vitamin B110mg/L sodium selenite and natural pH, wherein the culture condition is that 200mL is charged in a 500mL shake flask, the rotating speed is set to be 120r/min, the temperature is set to be 24 ℃, and meanwhile, the culture is carried out for 18d on a rotary shaking table;
s3: preparing cultivars: preparing a cultivated species by a professional, wherein the preparation of the cultivated species is to soak corncobs with a sodium selenite aqueous solution overnight, take out and drain the corncobs, mix the corncobs with wheat bran uniformly when the humidity is 40%, put the corncobs into a cultivation bottle, soak basswood with the sodium selenite aqueous solution overnight, take out and drain the corncobs, put the basswood into the cultivation bottle to a position of 9cm away from the bottle mouth, add distilled water into the cultivation bottle to keep the distilled water and the basswood basically at the same height, and simultaneously perform high-pressure steam sterilization, wherein the temperature in a high-pressure steam sterilization pot is 126 ℃ when the high-pressure steam sterilization is performed, the sterilization time is 150min, inoculate liquid strains after the high-pressure steam sterilization is completed, supplement sterile water is used when the water content in the cultivation bottle is lacked during the inoculation, place the cultivation bottle in a 24 ℃ constant temperature box for cultivation, and reserve after hyphae and strove grow over the cultivation bottle;
s4: seed dressing is carried out: the method comprises the steps of (1) mixing seeds by professionals, wherein the seed mixing is to take out a full bottle of selenium-rich germinating fungi from a cultivation bottle, break the selenium-rich germinating fungi into walnut-shaped pieces, stir the broken selenium-rich germinating fungi and gastrodia elata seeds to complete seed mixing, fill the mixture into cultivation bags after uniform stirring, the cultivation bags are 17cm multiplied by 33cm, place the filled cultivation bags in a refrigerator at 4 ℃ for low-temperature stress stimulation of germination of gastrodia elata seeds, take out the cultivation bags after 24 hours, place the taken-out cultivation bags in a room-temperature environment for 3d backup;
s5: and (3) cultivation: the method comprises the steps of cultivating seed-dressing selenium-rich germinating fungi by professionals, wherein the cultivation time is 5 months, collecting gastrodia elata capsules, starting cultivation, selecting outdoor cultivation, soaking corncobs and basswood overnight with a sodium selenite aqueous solution overnight before cultivation, draining, using, searching for shady and cool flat ground, laying a layer of corncobs with the thickness of 3cm on the found flat ground, tearing a seed-dressing germinating fungi cultivation bag evenly and flatly paving the corncobs on the corncobs, placing basswood blocks, placing cultivated armillaria mellea cultures, placing armillaria mellea cultures at the cross sections of the basswood and the squash ports of the basswood, finally covering river sands, wherein the river sand covering standard is that the basswood can be completely covered, the sowing of the second layer is completed after the first layer is completely the same as that of the second layer, the layers are arranged in one pit, loosening soil and fertilizing are not needed during daily management, and the selenium-rich gastrodia elata patient is harvested after 7 months.
Example two
Referring to fig. 1, a production method of selenium-rich gastrodia elata comprises the following steps:
s1: domesticating selenium-enriched strains: domesticating selenium-rich strains by professionals, wherein the strains are Armillaria mellea M-H and germinant SHXG, filtering and sterilizing by adopting a filter membrane with the diameter of 0.45 mu M when domesticating the selenium-rich strains, adding the strains into a PDA culture medium, screening Armillaria mellea and germinant on culture dishes with different selenium concentrations to resist inorganic selenium, screening the Armillaria mellea and germinant on culture dishes with different selenium concentrations to resist the inorganic selenium by adopting a selenium concentration gradient method, wherein the selenium concentration gradient method is to gradually increase Na in a solid culture medium2SeO3And Na in final concentrations of 10, 20, 30, 40, 50mg/L respectively2SeO3Adding the solution into PDA culture medium, inoculating test strain on culture dish with different selenium concentration, wherein the test strain is inoculated by inoculating germinating bacteria to Na2SeO3Culturing on PDA culture medium with concentration of 10mg/L at 24 deg.C for 5 days, transferring to culture dish with selenium concentration of 20mg/L, gradually acclimating the inorganic selenium tolerance of germinating bacteria mycelium, and simultaneously using Na with final concentration of 20, 40, 60, 80, 100, 120, 140, 150mg/L respectively2SeO3Adding the solution into PDA culture medium, inoculating test strains on culture dishes with different selenium concentrations, and acclimating Armillaria mellea mycelium pairsThe tolerance capacity of inorganic selenium, and observing and recording the change of morphological characteristics of each strain, wherein a cross method is adopted to determine the growth conditions of hypha and stropharia rugoso, the growth speed of the hypha and the stropharia rugoso is recorded and calculated, high-pressure steam sterilization is required after the PDA culture medium is prepared, the high-pressure steam sterilization is carried out on the high-pressure steam sterilization through a filter membrane with the diameter of 0.45 mu m, and sodium selenite is added until the culture medium is sterilized;
s2: fermentation culture: performing fermentation culture by professional personnel, wherein during the fermentation culture, glucose, peptone, magnesium sulfate, potassium dihydrogen phosphate, yeast powder and 60mg/L sodium selenite solution are added into a armillaria mellea liquid culture medium, the pH is natural, and the glucose, the peptone, magnesium sulfate, potassium dihydrogen phosphate, potato filtrate and 10mg/L sodium selenite solution are added into a germination bacteria liquid culture medium, the pH is natural, and the armillaria mellea fermentation culture medium is prepared from 20.0g/L glucose, 5.0g/L peptone, 1.0g/L potassium dihydrogen phosphate, 3.0g/L magnesium sulfate and 10.0mg/L vitamin B1200.0g/L potato, 30.0g/L yeast powder and 60mg/L sodium selenite, and the pH is natural, wherein the culture condition is that 200mL is filled in a 500mL shaking flask, the rotating speed is set to be 120r/min, the temperature is set to be 24 ℃, meanwhile, the germination bacteria fermentation medium is cultured for 20 days on a rotary shaking table, and the germination bacteria fermentation medium is prepared by 200.0g/L potato, 20.0g/L glucose, 50.0g/L corn flour, 5.0g/L monopotassium phosphate, 3.0g/L magnesium sulfate, 5.0g/L potassium nitrate, 10.0mg/L vitamin B110mg/L sodium selenite and natural pH, wherein the culture condition is that 200mL is charged in a 500mL shake flask, the rotating speed is set to be 120r/min, the temperature is set to be 24 ℃, and meanwhile, the culture is carried out for 20 days on a rotary shaking table;
s3: preparing a cultivated species: preparing a cultivated species by a professional, wherein the preparation of the cultivated species is to soak corncobs in a sodium selenite aqueous solution overnight, take out and drain the corncobs, mix the corncobs with wheat bran uniformly when the humidity is 40%, put the mixture into a cultivation bottle, keep the mixture 5cm away from a bottle opening when the cultivation bottle is put, soak basswood in the sodium selenite aqueous solution overnight, take out and drain the mixture, put the mixture into the cultivation bottle to reach a position 10cm away from the bottle opening, add distilled water into the cultivation bottle to keep the distilled water and the basswood basically at the same height, and perform high-pressure steam sterilization at the same time, wherein the temperature in a high-pressure steam sterilization pot is 126 ℃ when the high-pressure steam sterilization is performed, the sterilization time is 150min, inoculate liquid strains after the high-pressure steam sterilization is completed, supplement the water with sterile water when the water content in the cultivation bottle is insufficient when the inoculation is performed, place the cultivation bottle in a 24 ℃ constant-temperature box for cultivation, and culture is performed after hyphae and fungi ropes grow over the cultivation bottle for standby;
s4: seed dressing is carried out: the method comprises the following steps of (1) carrying out seed dressing by a professional, wherein the seed dressing is to take out a full bottle of selenium-rich germinating fungi from a cultivation bottle, break the selenium-rich germinating fungi into walnut-shaped pieces, stir the broken selenium-rich germinating fungi and gastrodia elata seeds to complete seed dressing, fill the mixture into cultivation bags after uniform stirring, wherein the cultivation bags are 17cm multiplied by 33cm, place the filled cultivation bags in a refrigerator at 4 ℃ for low-temperature stress stimulation of germination of the gastrodia elata seeds, take out the cultivation bags after 24 hours, and place the taken-out cultivation bags in a room-temperature environment for 3d backup;
s5: and (3) cultivation: the method comprises the steps of cultivating seed-dressing selenium-rich germinating fungi by professionals, wherein the cultivation time is 5 months, collecting gastrodia elata capsules, starting cultivation, selecting outdoor cultivation, soaking corncobs and basswood overnight with a sodium selenite aqueous solution overnight before cultivation, draining, using, searching for shady and cool flat ground, laying a layer of corncobs with the thickness of 3cm on the found flat ground, tearing a seed-dressing germinating fungi cultivation bag evenly and flatly paving the corncobs on the corncobs, placing basswood blocks, placing cultivated armillaria mellea cultures, placing armillaria mellea cultures at the cross sections of the basswood and the squash ports of the basswood, finally covering river sands, wherein the river sand covering standard is that the basswood can be completely covered, the sowing of the second layer is completed after the first layer is completely the same as that of the second layer, the layers are arranged in one pit, loosening soil and applying fertilizer are not needed in daily management, and the selenium-rich gastrodia elata crop is obtained after 8 months.
EXAMPLE III
Referring to fig. 1, a production method of selenium-rich gastrodia elata comprises the following steps:
s1: domesticating selenium-enriched strains: domesticating selenium-rich strain by professional, wherein the strain is Armillaria mellea M-H and Germination SHXG, filtering with filter membrane with diameter of 0.45 μ M for sterilization, adding into PDA culture medium, and culturing on culture dish with different selenium concentrationScreening the tolerance concentration of the armillaria mellea and the germinant on the inorganic selenium, wherein a selenium concentration gradient method is adopted when the tolerance concentration of the armillaria mellea and the germinant on the inorganic selenium is screened on culture dishes with different selenium concentrations, wherein the selenium concentration gradient method is to gradually increase Na in a solid culture medium2SeO3And Na in final concentrations of 10, 20, 30, 40, 50mg/L respectively2SeO3Adding the solution into PDA culture medium, inoculating test strain on culture dish with different selenium concentration, wherein the test strain is inoculated by inoculating germinating bacteria to Na2SeO3Culturing on PDA culture medium with concentration of 10mg/L at 24 deg.C for 4 days, transferring to culture dish with selenium concentration of 20mg/L, gradually acclimating the inorganic selenium tolerance of germinating bacteria mycelium, and simultaneously using Na with final concentration of 20, 40, 60, 80, 100, 120, 140, 150mg/L respectively2SeO3Adding the solution into a PDA culture medium, inoculating test strains on culture dishes with different selenium concentrations, domesticating the tolerance capacity of armillaria mellea mycelium to inorganic selenium, observing and recording the change of morphological characteristics of each strain, wherein the growth conditions of the mycelium and the funicular cord are measured by a cross method, the growth speeds of the mycelium and the funicular cord are recorded and calculated, the PDA culture medium needs to be sterilized by high-pressure steam after being prepared, and the PDA culture medium is filtered and sterilized by a filter membrane with the diameter of 0.45 mu m until the culture medium is sterilized, and then sodium selenite is added;
s2: fermentation culture: performing fermentation culture by professional personnel, wherein during the fermentation culture, glucose, peptone, magnesium sulfate, potassium dihydrogen phosphate, yeast powder and 60mg/L sodium selenite solution are added into a armillaria mellea liquid culture medium, the pH is natural, and the glucose, the peptone, magnesium sulfate, potassium dihydrogen phosphate, potato filtrate and 10mg/L sodium selenite solution are added into a germination bacteria liquid culture medium, the pH is natural, and the armillaria mellea fermentation culture medium is prepared from 20.0g/L glucose, 5.0g/L peptone, 1.0g/L potassium dihydrogen phosphate, 3.0g/L magnesium sulfate and 10.0mg/L vitamin B1200.0g/L potato, 30.0g/L yeast powder and 60mg/L sodium selenite, and has natural pH, wherein the culture condition is that 200mL is charged in a 500mL shake flask, the rotation speed is set to be 120r/min, the temperature is 24 ℃, and the culture conditions are the same as the culture conditionsCulturing on a rotary shaking table for 15 days, wherein the germination bacteria fermentation medium is prepared from 200.0g/L potato, 20.0g/L glucose, 50.0g/L corn flour, 5.0g/L potassium dihydrogen phosphate, 3.0g/L magnesium sulfate, 5.0g/L potassium nitrate, and 10.0mg/L vitamin B110mg/L sodium selenite and natural pH, wherein the culture condition is that 200mL is charged in a 500mL shake flask, the rotating speed is set to be 120r/min, the temperature is set to be 24 ℃, and meanwhile, the culture is carried out for 15 days on a rotary shaking table;
s3: preparing a cultivated species: preparing a cultivated species by a professional, wherein the preparation of the cultivated species is to soak corncobs with a sodium selenite aqueous solution overnight, take out and drain the corncobs, mix the corncobs with wheat bran uniformly when the humidity is 40%, put the corncobs into a cultivation bottle, take the corncobs out of the bottle mouth for 3cm when the corncobs are put into the cultivation bottle, soak basswood with the sodium selenite aqueous solution overnight, take the basswood out and drain the basswood, put the basswood into the cultivation bottle to the position of 8cm of the bottle mouth, add distilled water into the cultivation bottle to keep the distilled water basically as high as the basswood, and simultaneously perform high-pressure steam sterilization, wherein the temperature in a high-pressure steam sterilization pot is 126 ℃ when the high-pressure steam sterilization is performed, the sterilization time is 150min, inoculate liquid strains after the high-pressure steam sterilization is completed, and supplement is performed by sterile water when the water content in the cultivation bottle is lacked, put the cultivation bottle into a 24 ℃ constant temperature box for cultivation, and stand-by after hyphae and strongy lines are full of the cultivation bottle;
s4: seed dressing is carried out: the method comprises the following steps of (1) carrying out seed dressing by a professional, wherein the seed dressing is to take out a full bottle of selenium-rich germinating fungi from a cultivation bottle, break the selenium-rich germinating fungi into walnut-shaped pieces, stir the broken selenium-rich germinating fungi and gastrodia elata seeds to complete seed dressing, fill the mixture into cultivation bags after uniform stirring, wherein the cultivation bags are 17cm multiplied by 33cm, place the filled cultivation bags in a refrigerator at 4 ℃ for low-temperature stress stimulation of germination of the gastrodia elata seeds, take out the cultivation bags after 24 hours, and place the taken-out cultivation bags in a room-temperature environment for growing for 2d for later use;
s5: and (3) cultivation: the seed-dressing selenium-rich germinating fungus is cultivated by professionals, wherein the cultivation time is 5 months, gastrodia elata capsules begin to be cultivated after being collected, the cultivation mode is selected to be outdoor cultivation, corncobs and basswood are required to be soaked in sodium selenite aqueous solution overnight before cultivation, the sown basswood is used after draining, shady and cool flat ground is searched, meanwhile, a layer of corncobs with the thickness of 2cm is paved on the found flat ground, the seed-dressing germinating fungus cultivation bag is torn to be evenly and flatly paved on the corncobs, basswood blocks are placed, cultivated armillaria mellea cultivation seeds are placed, armillaria mellea is placed on the cross section of the basswood and the squash port of the basswood, river sand is covered finally, the river sand covering standard is that the basswood can be completely covered, sowing of the first layer is finished, sowing of the second layer is continued, the sowing of the second layer is completely the same as that of the first layer, the second layer is two layers in one pit, soil loosening and fertilization are not needed during daytime management, and the selenium-rich gastrodia elata harvest is carried out after 6 months.
The production method of the selenium-rich gastrodia elata in the first embodiment, the second embodiment and the third embodiment is tested, and the following results are obtained:
compared with the prior method, the selenium content of the selenium-rich gastrodia elata prepared in the first embodiment, the second embodiment and the third embodiment is obviously improved, and the first embodiment is the best embodiment.
The above description is only for the preferred embodiment of the present invention, but the scope of the present invention is not limited thereto, and any person skilled in the art should be considered to be within the technical scope of the present invention, and the technical solutions and the inventive concepts thereof according to the present invention should be equivalent or changed within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (8)
1. The production method of the selenium-rich gastrodia elata is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
s1: domesticating selenium-enriched strains: domesticating selenium-enriched strains by professionals;
s2: fermentation culture: carrying out fermentation culture by professional personnel;
s3: preparing a cultivated species: preparation of cultivars by professionals;
s4: seed dressing is carried out: dressing seeds by professional personnel;
s5: and (3) cultivation: the seed dressing selenium-rich germinating fungus is cultivated by professional personnel.
2. The method for producing selenium-enriched gastrodia elata as claimed in claim 1, wherein in S1, a professional carries out domestication of selenium-enriched strains, wherein the strains are Armillaria mellea M-H and Germination SHXG, and the domestication of the selenium-enriched strains is carried out by filtering and sterilizing the strains through a filter membrane with the diameter of 0.45 μ M, adding the strains into a PDA culture medium, and screening the tolerance concentrations of the Armillaria mellea and the Germination to the inorganic selenium on culture dishes with different selenium concentrations.
3. The method for producing selenium-enriched rhizoma Gastrodiae as claimed in claim 2, wherein the resistant concentration of Armillaria mellea and germinant fungi to inorganic selenium is selected by a selenium concentration gradient method on culture dishes containing different selenium concentrations, wherein the selenium concentration gradient method is implemented by gradually increasing Na in solid culture medium2SeO3And Na in final concentrations of 10, 20, 30, 40, 50mg/L respectively2SeO3Adding the solution into PDA culture medium, inoculating test strain on culture dish with different selenium concentration, wherein the test strain is inoculated by inoculating germinating bacteria to Na2SeO3Culturing on PDA culture medium with concentration of 10mg/L at 24 deg.C for 4-5 days, inoculating to culture dish with selenium concentration of 20mg/L, gradually acclimating inorganic selenium tolerance of germinating bacteria mycelium, and simultaneously using Na with final concentration of 20, 40, 60, 80, 100, 120, 140, 150mg/L respectively2SeO3Adding the solution into a PDA culture medium, inoculating test strains on culture dishes with different selenium concentrations, acclimating the tolerance of Armillaria mellea mycelia to inorganic selenium, observing and recording the change of morphological characteristics of each strain, wherein the growth conditions of mycelia and funicularis are measured by a cross method, the growth speeds of the mycelia and the funicularis are recorded and calculated, the PDA culture medium needs to be sterilized by high-pressure steam after being prepared, and is filtered and sterilized by a filter membrane with the diameter of 0.45 mu m until the culture medium is sterilized, and then sodium selenite is added.
4. The method according to claim 1, wherein in step S2, fermentation culture is performed by a professional, wherein during the fermentation culture, glucose, peptone, magnesium sulfate, potassium dihydrogen phosphate, yeast powder, and 60mg/L sodium selenite solution are added to the armillaria mellea liquid medium at a natural pH, and glucose, peptone, magnesium sulfate, potassium dihydrogen phosphate, potato filtrate, and 10mg/L sodium selenite solution are added to the germination bacteria liquid medium at a natural pH.
5. The method for producing selenium-rich rhizoma Gastrodiae as claimed in claim 4, wherein the Armillaria mellea fermentation medium is composed of 20.0g/L glucose, 5.0g/L peptone, 1.0g/L potassium dihydrogen phosphate, 3.0g/L magnesium sulfate, and 10.0mg/L vitamin B1200.0g/L potato, 30.0g/L yeast powder, 60mg/L sodium selenite, and natural pH, wherein the culture conditions are that 200mL is filled in a 500mL shake flask, the rotating speed is set to be 120r/min, the temperature is set to be 24 ℃, meanwhile, 15-20d is cultured on a rotary shaking table, and the germination bacteria fermentation medium is prepared by 200.0g/L potato, 20.0g/L glucose, 50.0g/L corn flour, 5.0g/L potassium dihydrogen phosphate, 3.0g/L magnesium sulfate, 5.0g/L potassium nitrate, 10.0mg/L vitamin B110mg/L sodium selenite and natural pH, wherein the culture conditions are that 200mL is charged in a 500mL shake flask and the rotation speed is set to be 120r/min, the temperature is 24 ℃, and meanwhile, the culture is carried out for 15-20 days on a rotary shaking table.
6. The method for producing selenium-enriched gastrodia elata as claimed in claim 1, wherein in S3, a professional prepares a cultivar by soaking corncobs in an aqueous solution of sodium selenite overnight, taking out and draining the corncobs, mixing the corncobs with wheat bran uniformly at a humidity of 40%, loading the cultivar into a cultivation bottle, which is 3-5cm away from a mouth of the cultivation bottle, soaking basswood in an aqueous solution of sodium selenite overnight, taking out and draining the basswood, loading the basswood into the cultivation bottle at a position 8-10cm away from the mouth of the cultivation bottle, adding distilled water into the cultivation bottle to keep the distilled water substantially equal to the height of the basswood, and simultaneously performing high-pressure steam sterilization, wherein the temperature in a high-pressure steam sterilization pot is 126 ℃ and the sterilization time is 150min during the high-pressure steam sterilization, inoculating liquid cultivar is performed after the high-pressure steam sterilization is completed, and the cultivation bottle is supplemented with sterile water when the water content in the cultivation bottle is insufficient during the inoculation, and the cultivation bottle is placed at a constant temperature for cultivation, and a spare box is filled with culture medium.
7. The production method of selenium-rich gastrodia elata according to claim 1, characterized in that in S4, a professional carries out seed dressing, wherein the seed dressing is to take out a full bottle of selenium-rich germinating fungi from a cultivation bottle, break the selenium-rich germinating fungi into walnut-shaped pieces, stir the broken selenium-rich germinating fungi and gastrodia elata seeds to complete seed dressing, put the mixture into a cultivation bag after uniform stirring, wherein the cultivation bag is 17cm x 33cm, put the cultivation bag into a refrigerator at 4 ℃ for low-temperature stress stimulation of germination of gastrodia elata seeds, take out the cultivation bag after 24 hours, and put the cultivation bag into a room-temperature environment for 2-3 days for later use.
8. The method for producing selenium-rich gastrodia elata as claimed in claim 1, wherein in S5, the seed-dressing selenium-rich germinating fungi are cultivated by professionals, wherein the cultivation time is 5 months, gastrodia elata capsules are collected and cultivated, the cultivation mode is selected as outdoor cultivation, corncobs and basswood are soaked overnight with a sodium selenite aqueous solution and drained for use in the night before cultivation, a shady and cool flat ground is searched, meanwhile, a layer of corncob with the thickness of 2-3cm is paved on the found flat ground, the seed-dressing germinating fungi cultivation bag is torn and evenly paved on the corncobs, basswood blocks are placed, cultivated armillaria mellea fungi are placed, the section of the basswood and a squash port of the basswood are placed, finally, sand is covered, the covering standard is that the basswood can be completely covered, the sowing of the second layer is completed after the sowing of the first layer is completed, the sowing of the second layer is completely the same as the first layer, the soil loosening is not needed in one pit, the management is not needed, the planting of the basswood in the second layer, the next layer, the basswood is fertilized, and the field is 6-8 months after the basswood is harvested.
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