CN109526298A - A kind of passion fruit method for treating seeds and its seed propagation method - Google Patents
A kind of passion fruit method for treating seeds and its seed propagation method Download PDFInfo
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- CN109526298A CN109526298A CN201811537520.0A CN201811537520A CN109526298A CN 109526298 A CN109526298 A CN 109526298A CN 201811537520 A CN201811537520 A CN 201811537520A CN 109526298 A CN109526298 A CN 109526298A
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- seed
- perlite
- pulp
- passion fruit
- fruit
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C1/00—Apparatus, or methods of use thereof, for testing or treating seed, roots, or the like, prior to sowing or planting
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
- A01G22/05—Fruit crops, e.g. strawberries, tomatoes or cucumbers
Abstract
The present invention relates to the technical fields of berry plantation, and more particularly, to a kind of passion fruit method for treating seeds and its seed propagation method comprising following steps: S1 adds perlite into the passion fruit seed for being coated with pulp；S2 by S1 seed and perlite mix after rub；After the pulp separation of the surface of the seed plus water rinses.The perlite quality that the present invention uses is harder, the pulp that the removal that can sufficiently rub with passion fruit seed is coated on passion fruit seed；Perlite quality is very light, can be suspended in the water surface in water, pour into clear water and rinsed, and at this moment pulp, perlite, the perlite for being stained with pulp and the seed not being kept completely separate are bubbled through the water column, and is sunken to the bottom under the seed nature that pulp is completely segregated；Perlite is white, and passion fruit seed is black, and the seed with pulp is easy to be found, falls shutter grate after not floating seed on the water surface, and the seed separated with pulp can be obtained, and is separated very convenient.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the technical fields of berry plantation, more particularly, to a kind of passion fruit method for treating seeds and its sowing
Propagation method.
Background technique
Passion fruit also known as passion fruit, are the herbaceous species plants of Passifloraceae Passiflora, the fruit juice color of passion fruit, perfume (or spice),
Taste, nutrition are splendid, rich in the 160 multiple beneficial ingredient such as 17 kinds of amino acid needed by human and multivitamin, microelement, fit
Symphysis produces fruit juice, jelly, fruit dew, the products such as jam, have eliminate it is tired, refresh oneself sober up, blood fat-reducing blood pressure-decreasing, anti-inflammatory nti-freckle, skin care
The mystery effect such as beauty treatment.
Contain 165 kinds of fruit aromas such as pineapple, banana, strawberry, apple, smoked plum, mango in passion fruit, contains in fruit
Aromatic substance more than 132 kinds or more, fruit juice nutrient are abundant, and fragrant odour is fragrance fruit world-famous, have " fruit juice it
The good reputation of king ".
Therefore now also increasing to the demand of passion fruit, more and more people want plantation passion fruit, and passion fruit can
To carry out seedling planting with seed seed propagation and cutting propagation, seed is easy to save, and transport is also more convenient, and people are also desirable to
The method that better seed seed propagation can be found.
Chinese invention application CN104025961A discloses a kind of passion fruit method for culturing seedlings, including following operating procedure: choosing
The selection of kind: in fructescence, fruit is selected from maternal plant, and the seed in fruit is taken out；The arrangement in nursery: by nursery
Interior sundries is cleaned out, and soil is managed furrow, and apply fertilizer on furrow, by Soil tillage after fertilising 3-5 days；The processing of seed:
Seed is impregnated 2-3 days with clear water, and is hand-laundered in soaking process and purifies outer covering of the seed colloid, washing number by rubbing with the hands is 3-5 times；
Land used hawk phoxim stirs seed in 30-50 minutes before sowing；Sowing: the seed handled well is sprinkling upon on furrow；Build shade
Canopy: after planting, cool canopy is built on nursery.
Above-mentioned technical proposal designs and has planned the step of nursery and seed selection, and stirs seed by land used hawk phoxim and increase
Strong disease resistance.
" passionflower seedling-raising technique " is delivered on " Yunnan heat makees science and technology " within Li Xuerun et al. 1999, seed selection is disclosed herein
To select that full maturity, fruit is big, juice is more, thin skin, disease-free from excellent maternal plant in fructescence (late October late August -)
The fruit of worm takes out seed and cleans and dry, does nursery material；The processing of seed, seed are soaked in water 2-3 days, are washed by rubbing with the hands with water de-
Net outer covering of the seed colloid.
But have pulp coating outside passion fruit seed, and be coated on the lubrication of the pulp on seed, it is rubbed repeatedly with hand merely
It rubs with the hands, the cleaning of the pulp on most of seed could be separated by taking a long time rubbing.
" passion fruit excellent variety and corresponding cultivation techniques " are delivered on " southern china fruit tree " within Zhou Hongling et al. 2015,
Seminal propagation is disclosed herein to be fermented 3-4 days with water logging or be put into togerther shake in bottle with rough sand, broken in the seed coat with sand paper wiping to mention
High germination speed.
Rough sand increase friction, which is added, in seed can accelerate the separation of seed and pulp, but there is also certain deficiencies.First
The size of the grains of sand is screened, and the grains of sand that partial size is greater than seed cannot use, even if otherwise pulp separates, seed and sand
The separation of son is again problematic, and the pulp being adhered on sand can also be sunk to the bottom, therefore there are also problems for the separation of seed and pulp.
Also passion fruit kind is coated using gauze and is rubbed by someone, but pulp will soon be adhered on gauze, make gauze
Become smooth, frictional force is inadequate, and the cleaning of the pulp on most of seed could be separated by still taking a long time rubbing.
Summary of the invention
The purpose of the present invention one is to provide a kind of passion fruit method for treating seeds, can be more quickly by the fruit on seed
Meat cleaning separates, and greatly improves work efficiency.
Foregoing invention purpose one of the invention has the technical scheme that a kind of passion fruit seed treatment
Method, comprising the following steps:
S1 adds perlite into the passion fruit seed for being coated with pulp；
S2 by S1 seed and perlite mix after rub；After the pulp separation of the surface of the seed plus water rinses.
By using above-mentioned technical proposal, perlite quality is harder, and surface is more rougher than the grains of sand, can be with passion fruit seed
Sufficiently friction removes the pulp being coated on passion fruit seed；Perlite quality is very light, can be suspended in the water surface in water,
Enter in clear water and rinsed, at this moment pulp, perlite, the perlite for being stained with pulp and the seed not being kept completely separate float on water
Face, pulp are sunken to the bottom under isolated seed nature；Perlite is white, and passion fruit seed is black, the kind with pulp
Son is easy to be found, and continuing with property can rub, fall shutter grate after not floating seed on the water surface, can be obtained with
The seed of pulp separation, separation is very convenient, substantially increases separative efficiency, it is not easy to miss unwashed seed, cleaning effect
Fruit is more preferable, and seed does not allow easy infection germ, is conducive to improve germination percentage and guarantees healthy growth after germination；For some shrivelled
Seed or underproof seed can also keep afloat after removing pulp, also carry out preliminary screening, be conducive to improve the later period
Germination percentage.
Perlite is frangible, and bulky grain is easy to be broken into little particle during rubbing, does not have to consider particle size, can save
The screening link of early period, further improves treatment effeciency, will not damage passion fruit seed.
The present invention is further arranged to: seed being placed on sieve in S2, the aperture of sieve is the 0.8- of seed particle size
0.9。
By using above-mentioned technical proposal, seed is placed on sieve, takes out seed from water convenient for the later period, into one
Step improves treatment effeciency；Furthermore during rubbing seed with perlite, some possible perlites will become tiny powder,
These powder may sink to the bottom, and the separation of perlite and seed is convenient in the setting of sieve.
The present invention is further arranged to: being added perlite after all concentrating required seed in S1 and is rubbed together；S2
In plus water rinsing it is primary after can add not used perlite and rubbed, and carry out rinsing until pulp separation on seed
Completely.
By using above-mentioned technical proposal, first all passion fruits are opened and take out seed, after in all subsets
The pulp of the surface of the seed is removed again, the later period can also concentrate and be rinsed, and it is more efficient, also more save perlite and water resource.
Separating effect is more preferable during perlite is continually superimposed rubbing seed on a small quantity, and the later period rinses also more clean.
The purpose of the present invention two is to provide a kind of seed propagation method, and early period can be more quickly by the pulp on seed
Cleaning separates, and type of seeding is simple, greatly improves work efficiency.
Foregoing invention purpose two of the invention has the technical scheme that seed propagation method, including
Following steps:
Step 1: the seed clear water that passion fruit method for treating seeds obtains described in any one of above scheme is impregnated 2-3 days,
Change water 1 time daily, rub seed when changing water every time, be subject to the surface of the seed colloid removal it is clean；
Step 2: seed obtained in step 1 is sowed, then the sowing soil of one layer of 1.5-2cm thickness is covered, and keep soil
Earth moistens.
By using above-mentioned technical proposal, passion fruit seed can make the colloid of seed coat during Steeping and budding
It decomposes, after cleaning repeatedly, gets rid of the colloid on seed surface layer, seed is easier to germinate, and is also not easy mouldy lesion；When changing water
The more clean of the colloid removal of rubbing the surface of the seed is mixed with perlite.
Passion fruit seed particle size is larger, and kind skin is thicker and very hard, and seed needs enough moisture in broken shell,
If earthing is too thin, it is inadequate to will lead to surface soil humidity, and kind shell is easy dry, and hardness increases, and cotyledon is difficult broken out.Simultaneously because
Humidity is inadequate, is wrapped in one outside cotyledon layer of endotesta and is also easy to hair shaft, causes cotyledon that cannot put on display in time, forms deformity
Bud.
The present invention is further arranged to: seed selects the seed of the fruit of physiological maturity, and the coat color of fruit is shallow
Yellow.
By using above-mentioned technical proposal, it is found through experiment that, select the seed in the fruit of physiological maturity to be sowed,
Germinating energy is more preferable, and germination percentage is also higher.The fruit of physiological maturity at least shifts to an earlier date 7 days relative to the fruit in commodity maturity period, into
And can early pick, planting early enough, be conducive to the maintenance cost for saving fruit, later period germinating energy is more preferable, is conducive to concentrate nursery, has
Conducive to the sowing maintenance cost and cost of land for saving the later period, very positive effect is produced from the angle of agricultural production,
With very big commercial value.
The present invention is further arranged to: being rubbed after perlite mixing is added into seed when changing water in step 1.
By using above-mentioned technical proposal, perlite rough surface is rubbed together with seed, convenient for improving cleaning efficiency,
The colloid of the surface of the seed removes also cleaner.In addition, passion fruit seed particle size is larger, kind skin is thicker, repeatedly with perlite
Rubbing, can be such that passion fruit kind skin becomes thinner, it is easier to which broken shell is conducive to sprouting for later period seed, and germination is faster.
The present invention is further arranged to: environment temperature is maintained at 20-40 DEG C during be seeded into germination.
It being found through overtesting, environment temperature and humidity are very big on the influence of the germination of passion fruit, and temperature is relatively high,
When humidity compares larger, the more conducively germination of passion fruit seed.
The present invention is further arranged to: temperature is maintained at 25-30 DEG C during be seeded into seed germination and seedling raise.
It by using above-mentioned technical proposal, is found through overtesting, environment temperature is at 25-30 DEG C relative to environment temperature 20-
The time of bud can save half at the beginning of 25 DEG C, substantially reduce the germination period, also be conducive to improve germination quality.
The present invention is further arranged to: will be broadcast seed-bearing soil and be covered with film.
By using above-mentioned technical proposal, film, which is covered on, is more conducive to keep the wet of soil on soil, and then is seed
Sufficient moisture is provided, is conducive to shorten germinating time；Also it can prevent from reducing a part of pest, it is easier to protect passion fruit bud.
The present invention is further arranged to: seed is broadcast in seedlings nursing plate, the seedlings nursing plate for covering film is placed in sunny
Place.
So that the soil moisture is kept relatively high using luminous energy by using above-mentioned technical proposal, then cooperates the water conservation of film
Performance forms the environment of high temperature and humidity, can accelerate germination progress, shortens the germination period, improves germination quality, also makes full use of
Luminous energy, is conducive to energy saving.Although passion fruit seed does not like sunlight, since surface is covered with soil, sunlight irradiation
Will not influence the germination of passion fruit seed, cotyledon needs to carry out photosynthesis after germination, after bying sunlight can faster itself
It supplements the nutrients, the health conducive to passion fruit bud is grown up strong and sturdy.
The present invention is further arranged to: a kind of obtained seed of step being put into climatic chamber, seed coat cracking
It is sowed again afterwards.
By using above-mentioned technical proposal, climatic chamber can provide the condition of constant temperature and humidity for seed, be conducive into
One step shortens the germination period, improves germination quality.
In conclusion advantageous effects of the invention are as follows:
1. perlite quality is harder, surface is more rougher than the grains of sand, and the removal that can sufficiently rub with passion fruit seed is coated on hundred perfume
Pulp on fruit seed；Perlite quality is very light, can be suspended in the water surface in water, pour into clear water and rinsed, at this moment
Pulp, perlite, the perlite for being stained with pulp and the seed not being kept completely separate are bubbled through the water column, pulp by isolated seed from
The bottom is sunken under so；Perlite is white, and passion fruit seed is black, and the seed with pulp is easy to be found, can continue
It is targetedly rubbed, shutter grate is fallen and (outwelled the water on upper layer and solid) after not floating seed on the water surface, can be obtained
To the seed separated with pulp, separation is very convenient, substantially increases separative efficiency, it is not easy to miss unwashed seed, clearly
It is more preferable to wash effect, seed does not allow easy infection germ, is conducive to improve germination percentage and guarantees healthy growth after germination；For some dry
Flat seed or underproof seed can also keep afloat after removing pulp, preliminary screening also carried out, after being conducive to raising
The germination percentage of phase.Perlite is frangible, and bulky grain is easy to be broken into little particle during rubbing, does not have to consider particle size, can be with
The screening link for saving early period, further improves treatment effeciency, will not damage passion fruit seed.
2. it is found through experiment that the seed in the fruit of physiological maturity is selected to be sowed, germinating energy is more preferable, germination percentage
It is higher.The fruit of physiological maturity at least shifts to an earlier date 7 days relative to the fruit in commodity maturity period, and then can early pick, planting early enough,
Be conducive to save the maintenance cost of fruit, later period germinating energy is more preferable, is conducive to concentrate nursery, is conducive to the sowing dimension for saving the later period
Cost and cost of land are protected, very positive effect is produced from the angle of agricultural production, there is very big commercial value.This
This conclusion of application and the conclusion of Traditional Textbooks be it is inconsistent, the introduction in Traditional Textbooks is that selection is sufficiently mature
Seed, the i.e. seed of the fruit in selection later period in commodity maturity period.
3. during Steeping and budding the colloid of seed coat can decompose passion fruit seed, after cleaning repeatedly, go
The colloid on seed surface layer is removed, seed is easier to germinate, and is also not easy mouldy lesion；Rubbing kind is mixed with perlite when changing water
The colloid in sublist face removes more clean.
4. passion fruit seed particle size is larger, kind skin is thicker and very hard, and seed needs enough water in broken shell
Point, if earthing is too thin, it is inadequate to will lead to surface soil humidity, and kind shell is easy dry, and hardness increases, and cotyledon is difficult broken out.Simultaneously
It since humidity is inadequate, is wrapped in one outside cotyledon layer of endotesta and is also easy to hair shaft, cause cotyledon that cannot put on display in time, formed
Lopsided bud.
5. finding through overtesting, environment temperature and humidity are very big on the influence of the germination of passion fruit, and temperature is relatively
Height, when humidity compares larger, the more conducively germination of passion fruit seed.Environment temperature is at 25-30 DEG C relative to environment temperature 20-
The time of bud can save half at the beginning of 25 DEG C, substantially reduce the germination period, also be conducive to improve germination quality.
6. the seedlings nursing plate for covering film is placed in sun-drenched place, using luminous energy, the ratio for keeping the soil moisture
It is higher, then cooperate the water retention property of film, the environment of high temperature and humidity is formed, germination progress can be accelerated, shortens the germination period, mentions
High germination quality, also takes full advantage of luminous energy, is conducive to energy saving.Although passion fruit seed does not like sunlight, due to table
Face is covered with soil, and sunlight irradiates the germination that will not influence passion fruit seed, and cotyledon needs to carry out photosynthesis after germination, positive
It can faster itself supplement the nutrients after light irradiation, the health conducive to passion fruit bud is grown up strong and sturdy.
7. climatic chamber can provide the condition of constant temperature and humidity for seed, is conducive to further shorten the germination period, mention
High germination quality.
8. seed propagation method through the invention, the time for cultivating passion fruit is shorter, and germination percentage and germinating energy are all
More preferably, emergence rate can be preferably improved, loss is reduced, shortens growing-seedling period, the time of seed propagation can also be saved.Later period
Maturation time it is also relatively uniform, convenient for unified harvesting.
Specific embodiment
Passion fruit maturity is roughly divided into following three periods, growth period, physiological maturity and commodity maturity period.Wherein at
Ripe phase fruit color changes according to maturity difference.Physiological maturity be from bloom pollination after 65-70 days, fruit appearance by
Green becomes light yellow；Probably 3-5 days, fruit appearance color burn entered the commodity maturity period by physiological maturity；Such as yellow hundred
The color of fragrant fruit is further deepened, and becomes more yellow；Purple passion fruit becomes light red from light yellow, becomes after 3-5 days, then gradually
For purple；Aubergine passion fruit becomes light red from light yellow, after 3-5 days, then gradually becomes aubergine.
Germination percentage: refer to that test germination number accounts for the percentage of test seed sum.Germination percentage is detection seed quality
One of important indicator usually calculates sowing quantity according to this in agricultural production.
Germinating energy: refer to test seed speed of germination and uniformity, expression way be calculate seed since germination to
The percentage of chitting piece number point test seed sum in germination peak period.Its numerical value is bigger, and germinating energy is stronger.It is also inspection
Survey one of the important indicator of seed quality.
Crop seeds, germination percentage is high, germinating energy is strong, implies fast and neat, robust seedling of emerging；If germination percentage is high, germination
Gesture is weak, implies that uneven emergence, weak seedling are more.
Gibberellin is the Plant Hormone being widely present.Chemical structure belongs to Diterpenes acid, by four ring skeletons derivative
?.Gibberellin can promote germination, plant growth and bloom ahead of time.
The pulp of seed and colloid are cleaned out before sowing, otherwise pulp and colloid rot later under seed kind
Seed can be allowed to interfere germ, also easily snake, seriously affects the germination percentage of seed, even if can germinate, is infected by germ
After germination, germ spore can be propagated, and then will affect the seedling on periphery, cause large area morbidity or dead.It will before sowing
Seed is handled with some fungicide, can play certain relaxation effect, but these fungicide have certain efficacy time,
Etc. drug effects cross, the pulp on seed will continue to rot, and can still infect seed, therefore have to before sowing by the pulp of seed
It is cleaned out with colloid.
Seed still floats on the surface after removing pulp, illustrates that its is light-weight, and insatiable hunger is real, it is likely to unsound.Perhaps
There are some seeds seemed with health and is no different shape, but the inside has been damaged in fact, as long as light pressure will be broken.These are not
The seed of health, if plantation reluctantly, it is more likely that cannot not only germinate growth, and the kind of other health rotten can be also influenced in mud
Son.Therefore, Yao Tiqian removes, and could promote the success rate of germination.
A kind of passion fruit method for treating seeds, comprising the following steps: S1 adds perlite into the seed for be coated with pulp；
S2 by S1 seed and perlite mix after rub；After the pulp separation of the surface of the seed plus water rinses.Realize pulp
It is more rapidly efficiently separated with seed, and perlite and seed also can be easily separated very much.
The vermiculite similar with perlite can be used for cleaning, but vermiculite type is relatively more, and dilation difference ratio
It is larger, need to screen that dilatancy is good can just keep afloat；In addition vermiculite hardness is low, and opposite perlite is easier to crush, surface
Roughness is inadequate, and pulp relative usage perlite is not easy to fall off during rubbing, and separating effect is more less better than perlite；Leech
Stone has that color is smaller relative to the difference degree of perlite and passion fruit seed, therefore preferred perlite.
Active carbon is many kinds of, some can also swim in the water surface, and rough surface also can be used in cleaning, but living
Property charcoal be black, as passion fruit seed color, with active carbon rub seed, after adding water, active carbon, the activity with pulp
Charcoal, the seed with pulp all swim in the water surface, and pulp and active carbon are black, therefore are difficult to distinguish active carbon and seed,
It is difficult to judge whether that all seeds all separate completely, otherwise Some seeds loss, if gone for one by one, cleaning may be had
Efficiency substantially reduces, therefore still preferred perlite.
Preferably, seed is placed on sieve in S2, the aperture of sieve is the 0.8-0.9 of seed particle size.Seed is put
It sets on sieve, takes out seed from water convenient for the later period, further increase treatment effeciency.
It is rubbed together preferably, adding perlite after all concentrating required seed in S1, is conducive to raising processing
Efficiency.Can add in S2 plus after water rinsing is primary unused is that perlite is rubbed, and carries out rinsing until on seed
Pulp rinsed clean, cleaning it is more clean.
Preferably, first selecting the fruit of physiological maturity in S1, the coat color of fruit is light yellow.Select physiological maturity
Seed in the fruit of phase is sowed, and germinating energy is more preferable, and germination percentage is also higher.
Seed propagation method, comprising the following steps:
Step 1: the seed clear water that passion fruit method for treating seeds obtains described in any one of above scheme is impregnated 2-3 days,
Change water 1 time daily, rub seed when changing water every time, be subject to the surface of the seed colloid removal it is clean；
Step 2: seed obtained in step 1 is sowed, then the sowing soil of one layer of 1.5-2cm thickness is covered, and keep soil
Earth moistens.
Preferably, being rubbed after perlite mixing is added into seed when changing water in step 1.
Preferably, environment temperature is maintained at 20-40 DEG C during be seeded into germination.Further, from being seeded into
Environment temperature is maintained at 25-30 DEG C during germination, preferably, the environment temperature during be seeded into germination
It is maintained at 35-40 DEG C.
Seed-bearing soil will be broadcast to be covered with film, seed is broadcast in seedlings nursing plate, and the seedlings nursing plate for covering film is placed in
Sun-drenched place.
Preferably, a kind of obtained seed of step is put into climatic chamber, sowed again after seed coat cracking.
Preferably, the main formula of cultivation matrix is plain boiled water tongue fur peat, it also include perlite, and plain boiled water tongue fur peat and pearl
The weight ratio of rock is 4:1.
Below in conjunction with table and embodiment, invention is further described in detail.
Embodiment 1
A kind of passion fruit method for treating seeds, comprising the following steps:
S1 selection enters the fruit in physiological maturity 2 days from growth period, and the coat color of fruit is light yellow.Open passion fruit
Required seed is all concentrated, perlite is added into the seed for be coated with pulp by fruit；
S2 by S1 seed and perlite mix after rub；After the pulp separation of the surface of the seed plus water rinses.It will in S2
Seed is placed on sieve, and the aperture of sieve is the 0.8-0.9 of seed particle size.It can add and be not used after adding water rinsing primary
Perlite rubbed, and carry out rinsing until the pulp separation on seed is clean.
Seed propagation method, comprising the following steps:
Step 1: the seed clear water that passion fruit method for treating seeds obtains in above scheme is impregnated 2 days, it is every in soaking process
It is changed water 1 time, rubs seed when changing water every time, be subject to the surface of the seed colloid removal it is clean；
It is uniformly seeded in matrix Step 2: seed obtained in step 1 is used and broadcasts sowing mode, then covers one layer of 1.5-
The sowing soil of 1.6cm thickness, and the wet of soil is kept, environment temperature is maintained at 20-25 DEG C.
Wherein sowing media uses plain boiled water tongue fur peat: perlite=4:1 weight ratio is prepared.Plain boiled water tongue fur mud in the present embodiment
Charcoal uses the TS1 cultivation medium of Lithuania's import, and wherein pH value is 5.8, also adds containing for fertilizer comprising addition fertilizer in cultivation medium
Amount is 1.0kg/m3, the weight ratio for adding N P and K in fertilizer is 14:10:18, and cultivation medium moisture content is 9.7%, conductivity
Value is 0.9dS/m.Plain boiled water tongue fur peat good water-retaining property, perlite good permeability, such water-retaining property and gas permeability are all fine, germinating energy
Good, germination is neat.And above-mentioned sowing media is more loose, and the later period is also very convenient to kind of transplantation of seedlings.
Such as pectic substance does not remove completely in step 1, again can also steep one day morely, not have to subsequent germination percentage and germinating energy
It has a significant effect.
" passionflower seedling-raising technique " is delivered on " Yunnan heat makees science and technology " within Li Xuerun et al. 1999, seed is disclosed herein
Vernalization is uniformly sprinkling upon seed on vernalization seedbed, covers the thin river sand of one layer of 1-2cm, then the grass of one layer of 5cm of lid, sufficiently irrigates
Water, because surface covers grass, grass and seedling are difficult to separate, therefore the article pointed out and will remove burring and modeling in Seed sprouting
Expect cloth wall, but the water retention property of thin river sand is very poor, seed is easy to water shortage, and kind shell is easy to do, and hardness increases, and cotyledon is difficult brokenly
Out, that is, allowing to brokenly go out, be also easily created lopsided bud, irrigation amount same as the application, lopsided bud ratio is higher by very much,
15% or more, if to increase irrigation times, one side waste water resource also considerably increases maintenance cost, is unfavorable for pushing away
Extensively.Therefore discomfort shares river sand, more unsuitable covering grass.
Comparative example 1
Seed propagation method, embodiment 2 difference from example 1 is that, the seed of rinsed clean is 200mg/L with concentration
Gibberellin processing, impregnate 2 days, changed daily in soaking process water 1 time, rub seed when changing water every time；Finally cleaned with clear water
It is sowed again afterwards.
Embodiment 2
Seed propagation method, embodiment 2 difference from example 1 is that, seed selection from physiological maturity enters commodity
The seed of maturity period 3-5 days fruits, fruit are light red.
Comparative example 2
Seed propagation method, comparative example 2 and comparative example 1 the difference is that, seed selection enters commodity from physiological maturity
The seed of maturity period 3-5 days fruits, fruit are light red.
Embodiment 3
Seed propagation method, embodiment 3 difference from example 1 is that, seed select commodity maturity period fruit seed,
Specially passion fruit from light red become aubergine after 3-5 days fruit seed, fruit is aubergine.
Comparative example 3
Seed propagation method, comparative example 3 and comparative example 1 the difference is that, seed selects the seed of commodity maturity period fruit,
Specially passion fruit from light red become aubergine after 3-5 days fruit seed, fruit is aubergine.
Remarks: embodiment 1-3 and comparative example 1-3 sows 200 seeds respectively, and keeps other conditions identical.
Since gibberellin is generally possible to promote germination, in actual production, people also commonly use gibberellin processing kind
Son to promote germination, therefore used herein equally handled Some seeds with gibberellin and obtains comparative example 1-3.
Can being clearly seen that embodiment 1 from upper table, just 7 days germination number relative contrast examples 1 are few after bud, but
It is just 21 days and just 30 days after bud 14 days after bud, after first bud, germinative number is all significantly more than comparative example 1, and embodiment 1 is just after bud
30 days germination percentages are also significantly larger than the first bud rate of comparative example 1.Therefore it may be concluded that the physiological maturity handled by gibberellin
The seed of phase fruit cannot not only promote germination, will affect the germination of seed instead, keep speed of germination slack-off, therefore use
The seed of physiological maturity fruit should not be handled with gibberellin.
Similarly the germination of comparative example 2 and documents 2 is it can be found that the light red fruit handled for gibberellin
Real seed, inner gibberellin processing in 14 days, which has, after first bud promotes germination, but just 21 days and just 30 after bud after bud
It statistics indicate that, reduced by the germination speed that gibberellin is handled, and germination percentage also reduces, therefore light red fruit
Real seed should not also be handled with gibberellin.
The germination of embodiment 3 and documents 3 in upper table is it can be found that the aubergine fruit handled for gibberellin
Seed, by gibberellin handle germination speed faster, germination percentage is also higher, therefore the seed of aubergine fruit is suitable
Preferably handled with gibberellin.
Embodiment 1,2,3 is compared, it can be found that the germination speed of light yellow fruit is greater than light red fruit
Germination speed be greater than the germination speed of aubergine fruit, 30 days germination percentages are also light yellow fruit after first bud
The seed that seed is greater than light red fruit is greater than the seed of aubergine fruit；Therefore it can be concluded that, the light yellow fruit of physiological maturity
Real percentage of seedgermination and germinating energy is above the percentage of seedgermination and germinating energy of the light red fruit in commodity maturity period, commodity at
The percentage of seedgermination and germinating energy of the aubergine fruit of ripe phase are minimum, so, choose lurid fruit acquisition germination effect
Fruit is best.The conclusion of above-mentioned conclusion and Traditional Textbooks be it is inconsistent, the introduction in Traditional Textbooks is that selection is sufficiently mature
Seed, i.e., selection the later period in commodity maturity period fruit seed.
Above-mentioned experiment be by wash seeds it is clean after sow immediately, the present invention has also made another group of parallel laboratory test, will
Seed carries out after-ripening, i.e., by the seed of the light yellow fruit of physiological maturity, the seed of the light red fruit in commodity maturity period and quotient
The wash seeds of the aubergine fruit in product maturity period are completely put into refrigerator and refrigerate one month for 4 DEG C, then every kind is taken out out of refrigerator
The seed of color is divided into two groups, and one group is put in indoor clear water and impregnates 8 days, and keeps changing water daily, another group be put in it is indoor
The gibberellin that concentration is 200mg/L impregnates 48 hours, and keeps changing Gibberellins solution daily, uses clear water after being cleaned later with clear water
Continue to sow the seed after after-ripening after impregnating 6 days, the experimental condition and embodiment 1-3 and comparative example 1-3 of sowing are homogeneous
Together the experiment has found that seed germinating time through after-ripening and now adopt the seed germinating time now broadcast and do not have significant change, Er Qiejing
The growing state of the seed of after-ripening, it is identical as the conclusion of upper table, as a result it is still the seed hair of the light yellow fruit of physiological maturity
Bud rate and germinating energy are above the percentage of seedgermination and germinating energy of the light red fruit in commodity maturity period, the commodity maturity period it is purplish red
The percentage of seedgermination and germinating energy of color fruit are minimum；And the seed of the light yellow fruit of physiological maturity should not be at gibberellin
Reason.The conclusion of the application is demonstrated again.
The present invention also studies the thickness of the sowing soil covered when sowing, chooses the light yellow fruit of physiological maturity
Seed be covered on that seed sowing soil thickness is different, and specific thickness see the table below in identical environment and irrigation amount:
| Thickness of earth covering/cm | Tooth deformity ratio/% | 30 days germination percentage/% of first bud | The survival rate of the seedling to sprout after 2 months | |
| Embodiment 1 | 1.5-1.6 | < 1% | 94.5 | > 96% |
| Embodiment 4 | 1.9-2.0 | < 1% | 94.5 | > 96% |
| Comparative example 4 | 0.8-1.0 | > 5% | 94.5 | < 90% |
| Comparative example 5 | 2.5-2.6 | < 1% | <90.0 | > 96% |
Remarks: each embodiment or comparative example select 200 seeds, and first bud rate is the ratio after sprouting 30 days.
After tested and combine the number of upper table it has been found that in identical environment and irrigation amount, when soil cladding thickness
When for 0.8-1.2cm, surface soil humidity is inadequate, and kind shell is more dry, and hardness increases, and the exospers of many seeds can cladding tightly
Cotyledon, cotyledon are difficult brokenly to go out, and form more lopsided bud, and then lopsided bud growth light so also will affect later period passion fruit plant
Growth and passion fruit fruit quality, heavy then lopsided bud can slowly die, the survival rate after seriously affecting germination；Work as soil
When earth cladding thickness is 1.5-2cm, surface soil humidity is good, and kind shell meeting nature falls off, and exosper cladding cotyledon seldom occurs
The ratio of situation, tooth deformity is lower than 1%；When soil cladding thickness is greater than 2cm, soil moisture content successively increases from top to bottom,
Dissolved oxygen amount gradually decreases, and gas permeability also worse and worse, after seed water suction, carries out the vital movement of a series of complex, seed needs
It breathes, obtains energy, just can guarantee being normally carried out for vital movement, when soil is blocked up, oxygen needed for seed is insufficient, just
It will affect the germination percentage of seed.
The present invention also studies passion fruit germination environment temperature, chooses the light yellow fruit of physiological maturity
Seed, being covered on seed sowing soil thickness is 1.5-1.6cm, and irrigation amount is identical.
Remarks: each embodiment selects 200 seeds.Embodiment 7 is to cover film in nursery panel surface, and by nursery
Disk is placed on sun-drenched place.Embodiment 8 is that seed is put into climatic chamber, and adjusting temperature is 40 DEG C, and humidity is
90%, it after crack occurs in seed, then plants in seedlings nursing plate, seedlings nursing plate surface coating, and seedlings nursing plate is placed on sunlight and is filled
The place of foot, night carry out certain temperature-compensating.
As can be seen from the above table, passion fruit germination is slow, and the temperature times that bud occurs different just are also different, environment temperature
Degree will appear just bud for about 4 weeks when being 20-25 DEG C, since the seed sprout time period is too long, bud at the beginning of with batch seed and last bud
Interval time can be up to one month or more；Environment temperature will appear just bud, time opposite shortening for about 2 weeks when being 25-30 DEG C
Half, also faster, germinating energy is more preferable later period speed of germination；When environment temperature is maintained at 30-35 DEG C, it will appear within 8-10 days just
Bud, time further shorten, and germinating energy is also more preferable；When environment temperature is maintained at 35-40 DEG C, germination can shorter, 4-6
It just will appear just bud, and germinating energy is also more preferable, and have sufficient sunlight irradiation in embodiment 7, immediately can be with after germination
Carry out photosynthesis, seedling early growth it is also more preferable；Embodiment 8, seed is put into climatic chamber, and adjusting temperature is 40 DEG C,
Humidity is that will appear within 90%, 3-4 days just bud, and germination percentage and germinating energy are all very good.
Embodiment 9
Seed propagation method, embodiment 9 and embodiment 6 the difference is that, be not added with perlite in sowing soil.Using implementation
After planting just 30 days germination percentages of bud are 93.7% to the seed propagation method of example 9, are declined relative to embodiment 7, because broadcasting
The gas permeability decline of kind soil, oxygen needed for seed breathing are inadequate.
Embodiment 10
Seed propagation method, embodiment 10 and embodiment 6 the difference is that, plain boiled water tongue fur peat and perlite in sowing soil
Weight ratio is 2:1, and using the seed propagation method of embodiment 10, after planting just 30 days germination percentages of bud are 94.1%, wherein lopsided
Bud increases by 1%, is declined relative to embodiment 7, because of the water-retaining property decline of sowing soil, under same water, seed can
The moisture of absorption is reduced, and first bud mutation is slow, and lopsided bud easy to form.
Comparative example 6
Seed propagation method, comparative example 6 and embodiment 6 the difference is that, sowing soil replaces with thin river sand, using comparative example
After planting just 30 days germination percentages of bud are lower than 80% to 6 seed propagation method, and wherein the ratio of lopsided bud is greater than 20%, two months
Lopsided bud almost all is died afterwards.
Comparative example 7
Seed propagation method, comparative example 7 and embodiment 7 the difference is that, the seed for being coated with pulp is rubbed with coarse sand,
Cleaned again with clear water and choose clean seed, if using and embodiment 7 similarly rub, clean, select clean seed when
Between, then obtained seed at least has dropped 50%；The seed kind that pulp is not kept completely separate by we below is being sowed in soil,
His condition is same as Example 7, the survival rate of the seedling to sprout after 10 days germination percentages are lower than 75%, 2 months after first bud less than 50%,
And the survival rate of the seedling to sprout after 2 months in embodiment 7 is greater than 95%, therefore should be apparent that seed cleans up early period
Importance.
Environment temperature above is mainly reached by room temperature, season when only testing and time difference, this
Have that half a year is more the sowing time of each group embodiment and comparative example of applicant, is more bonded actual conditions, obtained conclusion in this way
It is more acurrate, convenient for promoting.
The embodiment of present embodiment is presently preferred embodiments of the present invention, not limits protection of the invention according to this
Range, therefore: the equivalence changes that all structures under this invention, shape, principle are done, should all be covered by protection scope of the present invention it
It is interior.
Claims (10)
1. a kind of passion fruit method for treating seeds, characterized in that the following steps are included:
S1 adds perlite into the passion fruit seed for being coated with pulp；
S2 by S1 seed and perlite mix after rub；After the pulp separation of the surface of the seed plus water rinses.
2. passion fruit method for treating seeds according to claim 1, characterized in that seed is placed on sieve in S2,
The aperture of sieve is the 0.8-0.9 of seed particle size.
3. passion fruit method for treating seeds according to claim 1, characterized in that all concentrate required seed in S1
After add perlite and rub together；In S2 plus original perlite can be added after water rinsing is primary to be rubbed, and
Rinsing is carried out until the pulp separation on seed is clean.
4. seed propagation method, characterized in that the following steps are included:
Step 1: the seed clear water that passion fruit method for treating seeds obtains described in any one of claim 1-3 is impregnated 2-3
It, changes water 1 time daily, rubs seed when changing water every time, be subject to the surface of the seed colloid removal it is clean；
Step 2: seed obtained in step 1 is sowed, then the sowing soil of one layer of 1.5-2cm thickness is covered, and keep soil
Earth moistens.
5. passion fruit method for treating seeds according to claim 1, characterized in that the fruit of seed selection physiological maturity
Seed, the coat color of fruit is light yellow.
6. seed propagation method according to claim 4, characterized in that pearl is added into seed when changing water in step 1
It is rubbed after rock mixing.
7. seed propagation method according to claim 4, characterized in that temperature is protected during be seeded into germination
It holds at 20-40 DEG C.
8. seed propagation method according to claim 4, characterized in that seed-bearing soil will be broadcast and covered with film.
9. seed propagation method according to claim 8, characterized in that seed is broadcast in seedlings nursing plate, and film will be covered
Seedlings nursing plate is placed in sun-drenched place.
10. seed propagation method according to claim 4, characterized in that a kind of obtained seed of step is put into constant temperature
In constant humidity cabinet, sowed again after seed coat cracking.
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| CN110291865A (en) * | 2019-07-04 | 2019-10-01 | 福建省福果农业综合开发有限公司 | A kind of passion fruit nursery seed soaking equipment and its seed-soaking method |
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