CN107197758A - A kind of seeding growing seedlings method of ginkgo - Google Patents
A kind of seeding growing seedlings method of ginkgo Download PDFInfo
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- CN107197758A CN107197758A CN201710326281.3A CN201710326281A CN107197758A CN 107197758 A CN107197758 A CN 107197758A CN 201710326281 A CN201710326281 A CN 201710326281A CN 107197758 A CN107197758 A CN 107197758A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G31/00—Soilless cultivation, e.g. hydroponics
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C1/00—Apparatus, or methods of use thereof, for testing or treating seed, roots, or the like, prior to sowing or planting
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Abstract
The invention mainly relates to planting technology field, a kind of seeding growing seedlings method of ginkgo is disclosed, including：Seed preparation, seed blanching, seed immersion, presprouting of seeds, seed sowing, managing after sowing, hardening transplanting；It is simple to operate, germination time is shorten to 7 ~ 8 days, germinate within after planting 5 ~ 6 days, germination percentage is 67.3%, hence it is evident that improve plantation efficiency, income is improved 11.7%；It will be freeze-dried after ripe ginkgo nut harvesting, keep plumule vigor, increase kind skin space promotes the entrance of nutritional ingredient and moisture, beneficial to seed breaking dormancy, accelerates germination；The exosper of blanching seed is removed after being soaked in soak, soak contains Multiple components, it is possible to increase seed pH, subtracts oligospermous ginkgo acid content there is provided abundant nutritional ingredient, quickly penetrates into Interior Seed, promotes germination, improves percentage of seedgermination.
Description
Technical field
The invention mainly relates to planting technology field, more particularly to a kind of seeding growing seedlings method of ginkgo.
Background technology
Ginkgo, also known as maidenhair tree, Gong Sunshu, ginkgo growth are slower, and the life-span is extremely long, are the venerable old man or ladys in tree, with very
It is big view and admire, economy, medical value, ginkgo requires all very wide in range, anti-flue dust, fire-resistance calamity, anti-toxic gas, quilt to weather soil
It is classified as the big long-lived ornamental tree species of China four（Pine, cypress, Chinese scholartree, ginkgo）, ginkgo nut can restraining and sterilizing bacteria, disease of dispelling cough-relieving, waterlogging-resistant suppression worm,
Check with turbidity, reduce just, norcholesterol, protection cardiovascular and cerebrovascular, ginkgo increasingly obtains liking for people.
The method for culturing seedlings of ginkgo mainly has sowing, tiller, cuttage, four kinds of methods of grafting, and seed propagation is beneficial to breed new product
Kind, but seed first will be carried out prolonged sand storage by traditional seeding growing seedlings method, then carry out Steeping and budding, and germination percentage
50% or so is can only achieve, growing-seedling period is long, hence it is evident that improve planting cost, accordingly, it would be desirable to a kind of seeding and seedling raising side of ginkgo
Method.
The content of the invention
In order to make up the defect of prior art, it is an object of the invention to provide a kind of seeding growing seedlings method of ginkgo.
A kind of seeding growing seedlings method of ginkgo, comprises the following steps：
（1）Seed preparation：Ripe, the complete ginkgo fruit of selection, freeze-drying to water content is 17 ~ 19%, quickly reduces ginkgo
Moisture in fruit, keeps plumule vigor, increase kind skin space promotes the entrance of nutritional ingredient and moisture, broken not beneficial to seed
Sleep, accelerate germination, remove pericarp, obtain gingko seedses；
（2）Seed blanching：Before sowing, gingko seedses are placed in 0 ~ 2 DEG C of water and soaked 3 ~ 4 hours, taken out, by plant ash and iodine
Salt is mixed, and the weight ratio of plant ash and salt compounded of iodine is 6 ~ 7:1, it is 52 ~ 54 DEG C that heating, which stir-fries to temperature, closes burning things which may cause a fire disaster, adds immersion
Gingko seedses afterwards, stir-fry rapidly 90 ~ 100 seconds, and by low temperature and high-temperature process, and plant ash is nutritious with salt compounded of iodine, makes
Seed is heated evenly, and strengthens seed resistance, breaks seed dormancy, accelerates germination, sieving, by seed and plant ash and iodine
The mixture separation of salt, treats that the mixture temperature of plant ash and salt compounded of iodine is down to 35 ~ 37 DEG C, gingko seedses is added again, be incubated
5 ~ 6 hours are stood, blanching seed is obtained；
（3）Seed soaks：The exosper of blanching seed is removed, in the soak for being placed in 30 ~ 40 times of amounts of gingko seedses weight, normal temperature
Immersion 5 ~ 6 hours, soak contains Multiple components, it is possible to increase seed pH, and subtracting oligospermous ginkgo acid content, there is provided abundant
Nutritional ingredient, quickly penetrates into Interior Seed, promotes germination, improves percentage of seedgermination, obtains immersion seed；
（4）Presprouting of seeds：Immersion seed is placed in germinating box, the aminophylline solution that sprinkling mass concentration is 0.11 ~ 0.13% is protected
Hold ambient humidity, adjust vernalization condition, 1 ~ 4 day, temperature be 37 ~ 38 DEG C, ambient humidity is 74 ~ 76%, dark, 5 days and after,
Temperature is 31 ~ 32 DEG C, ambient humidity be 71 ~ 73%, illumination be 60 ~ 80lx there is provided abundant small molecule nutritional ingredient, promote kind
Son absorbs, and increases intraseminal moisture and nutrition, breaks seed dormancy, gradually adjusts vernalization condition, improves plumule vigor, quickly
Sprout, shorten growing-seedling period, obtain vernalization seed；
（5）Seed is sowed：Seedling medium is sterilized 30 ~ 35 minutes in 121 DEG C, loaded in seedlings nursing plate, underlayer thickness is 4 ~ 5cm,
Vernalization seed is placed in seedlings nursing plate, per 1 ~ 2, cave seed, 1.6 ~ 1.8cm of seedling medium is covered, water 20 ~ 25ml per cave, obtains
Sowing media；
（6）Managing after sowing：Sowing media is placed in seedling rearing room, 1 ~ 3 day, keep the top layer water content of sowing media for 36 ~ 38%,
Temperature is 33 ~ 34 DEG C, illumination is 70 ~ 90lx, 4 days and after, keep the top layer water content of sowing media to be for 32 ~ 34%, temperature
27 ~ 29 DEG C, illumination be 80 ~ 100lx, first it is hot and humid, promote seed in nutrition and the accumulation of moisture, promote plumule growth, then
Temperature and humidity is reduced, makes plumule sturdy, strong stress resistance is emerged neat, growing way is vigorous, is easy to unified management, saves manpower
Material resources, obtain ginkgo seedling；
（7）Hardening is transplanted：Ginkgo seedling length is treated to 5 ~ 6cm, seedling rearing room is opened daily 10 ~ 15 minutes, continuous 15 ~ 20 days, by ginkgo
Seedling is extracted, and is carried out crop field transplanting together with sowing media, must be transplanted ginkgo seedling.
The step（1）Freeze-drying, cryogenic temperature be -44 ~ -42 DEG C, dividing plate heating-up temperature be 37 ~ 38 DEG C.
The step（2）Plant ash, be to mix ginkgo leftover bits and pieces and pine tree leaf, fully obtained after burning.
The step（3）Soak, be made up of the raw material of following parts by weight：Dietary alkali 10 ~ 12, ginkgo biloba p.e
2.2 ~ 2.4, Pumex extract 1.6 ~ 1.8, all substances are mixed, and are added water, and are stirred to being completely dissolved, are made the quality of dietary alkali
Concentration is 0.4 ~ 0.6%, obtains soak.
Described ginkgo biloba p.e, is to crush ginkgo leaf, adds the water of 70 ~ 80 times of amounts of ginkgo leaf weight, and heating is boiled
After boiling, it is original 1/10 that small fire, which is decocted to volume, and filtering adds the volume fraction of 70 ~ 80 times of amounts of filter residue weight into filter residue
71 ~ 73% alcoholic solution, in 40 ~ 42 DEG C, 29 ~ 31kHz ultrasounds 20 ~ 25 minutes, filtering merges all filtrates, and drying is to aqueous
Measure as 6 ~ 8%, obtain ginkgo biloba p.e.
Described Pumex extract, is to crush bryozoatum, adds the volume fraction of 80 ~ 100 times of amounts of bryozoatum weight
For 2.1 ~ 2.3% acetum, in 43 ~ 45 DEG C, 28 ~ 30kHz ultrasounds 30 ~ 35 minutes, it is original 1/ that heating, which is boiled to volume,
20, filtering, it is 8 ~ 10% that filtrate, which is dried to water content, obtains Pumex extract.
The step（4）Aminophylline solution, also containing thiamine, pantothenic acid and sodium selenite, thiamine, pantothenic acid, sub- selenium
The weight ratio of sour sodium and aminophylline is 15 ~ 17:12~14:9~11:4 ~ 6, thiamine and pantothenic acid are added to the water, after being completely dissolved,
Sodium selenite and aminophylline are added, stirring obtains aminophylline solution to complete mixing.
The step（5）Seedling medium, be made up of the raw material of following parts by weight：Pig manure 17 ~ 19, soybean stalk 34 ~ 36,
Hot pepper crop 15 ~ 17, ginkgo leaf 12 ~ 14, rubbish from cooking 12 ~ 14, plant ash 11 ~ 13, vermiculite 11 ~ 13, perlite 7 ~ 9, activated carbon 6
~ 8, EM bacterium 3 ~ 5, by pig manure, soybean stalk, hot pepper crop, ginkgo leaf, rubbish from cooking and plant ash co-grinding, add water to raw material
Water content be 42 ~ 44%, access EM bacterium, in 27 ~ 29 DEG C of ferment at constant temperature 4 ~ 5 days, add remaining raw material, be well mixed, in 22
~ 24 DEG C are continued to ferment 3 ~ 4 days, obtain seedling medium；Described plant ash, is step（2）Used plant ash.
It is an advantage of the invention that：A kind of seeding growing seedlings method for ginkgo that the present invention is provided, it is simple to operate, make germination time
It shorten to 7 ~ 8 days, germinates within after planting 5 ~ 6 days, germination percentage is 67.3%, hence it is evident that improve plantation efficiency, improve income
11.7%；It will be freeze-dried after ripe ginkgo nut harvesting, the moisture in quick reduction ginkgo nut keeps plumule vigor, increased
Plus skin space is planted, promote the entrance of nutritional ingredient and moisture, beneficial to seed breaking dormancy, accelerate germination；By gingko seedses
The plant ash made popular with being placed in after cold water soak in salt compounded of iodine mixture with quickly stir-frying, by low temperature and high-temperature process, Er Qiecao
Wood ash is nutritious with salt compounded of iodine, is heated evenly seed, strengthens seed resistance, breaks seed dormancy, accelerates germination；Go
Exosper except blanching seed in soak after being soaked, and soak contains Multiple components, it is possible to increase seed pH, is reduced
The ginkgo acid content of seed quickly penetrates into Interior Seed there is provided abundant nutritional ingredient, promotes germination, improves seed hair
Bud rate；Immersion seed is placed in germinating box, aminophylline solution is sprayed, aminophylline solution also contains thiamine, pantothenic acid and selenous acid
Sodium promotes neutron absorption there is provided abundant small molecule nutritional ingredient, increases intraseminal moisture and nutrition, breaks seed dormancy,
Vernalization condition is gradually adjusted, plumule vigor is improved, fast-germination shortens growing-seedling period；Vernalization seed is seeded in seedling medium,
Non-soil culture is carried out, it is first hot and humid, promote nutrition and the accumulation of moisture in seed, promote plumule growth, then by temperature and wet
Degree reduces, and makes plumule sturdy, strong stress resistance, emerges neat, growing way is vigorous, is easy to unified management, uses manpower and material resources sparingly；After emerging
Hardening transplanting is carried out, strengthens the environmental suitability of ginkgo seedling, transplanting success is reached 98.3%, hence it is evident that planting cost is saved.
Embodiment
Illustrate the present invention with specific embodiment below.
Embodiment 1
A kind of seeding growing seedlings method of ginkgo, comprises the following steps：
（1）Seed preparation：Ripe, the complete ginkgo fruit of selection, freeze-drying to water content is 17 ~ 19%, quickly reduces ginkgo
Moisture in fruit, keeps plumule vigor, increase kind skin space promotes the entrance of nutritional ingredient and moisture, broken not beneficial to seed
Sleep, accelerate germination, remove pericarp, obtain gingko seedses；
（2）Seed blanching：Before sowing, gingko seedses are placed in 0 ~ 2 DEG C of water and soaked 3 hours, taken out, by plant ash and salt compounded of iodine
The weight ratio of mixing, plant ash and salt compounded of iodine is 6:1, it is 52 ~ 54 DEG C that heating, which stir-fries to temperature, closes burning things which may cause a fire disaster, adds after immersion
Gingko seedses, stir-fry rapidly 90 ~ 100 seconds, and by low temperature and high-temperature process, and plant ash is nutritious with salt compounded of iodine, makes seed
It is heated evenly, strengthens seed resistance, break seed dormancy, accelerates germination, sieving, by seed and plant ash and salt compounded of iodine
Mixture is separated, and treats that the mixture temperature of plant ash and salt compounded of iodine is down to 35 ~ 37 DEG C, gingko seedses are added again, and insulation stands 5
Hour, obtain blanching seed；
（3）Seed soaks：The exosper of blanching seed is removed, in the soak for being placed in 30 times of amounts of gingko seedses weight, normal temperature leaching
Bubble 5 hours, soak contains Multiple components, it is possible to increase seed pH, and subtracting oligospermous ginkgo acid content, there is provided abundant nutrition
Composition, quickly penetrates into Interior Seed, promotes germination, improves percentage of seedgermination, obtains immersion seed；
（4）Presprouting of seeds：Immersion seed is placed in germinating box, the aminophylline solution that sprinkling mass concentration is 0.11% keeps environment
Humidity, adjusts vernalization condition, 1 ~ 4 day, temperature was 37 DEG C, ambient humidity is 74%, dark, 5 days and after, temperature is 31 DEG C, ring
Border humidity is that 71%, illumination is that there is provided abundant small molecule nutritional ingredient, promotion neutron absorption, the intraseminal moisture of increase by 60lx
And nutrition, break seed dormancy, gradually adjust vernalization condition, improve plumule vigor, fast-germination shortens growing-seedling period, must urged
Bud seed；
（5）Seed is sowed：Seedling medium is sterilized 30 minutes in 121 DEG C, loaded in seedlings nursing plate, underlayer thickness is 4 ~ 5cm, will be urged
Bud seed is placed in seedlings nursing plate, per 1 ~ 2, cave seed, covers 1.6 ~ 1.8cm of seedling medium, and water 20 ~ 25ml per cave, must sow
Matrix；
（6）Managing after sowing：Sowing media is placed in seedling rearing room, 1 ~ 3 day, it was 36%, temperature to keep the top layer water content of sowing media
Be 70lx for 33 DEG C, illumination, 4 days and after, the top layer water content for keeping sowing media be 32%, temperature be 27 DEG C, illumination be
80lx, it is first hot and humid, promote nutrition and the accumulation of moisture in seed, promote plumule growth, then temperature and humidity is reduced, make
Plumule is sturdy, strong stress resistance, emerges neat, growing way is vigorous, is easy to unified management, uses manpower and material resources sparingly, obtain ginkgo seedling；
（7）Hardening is transplanted：Ginkgo seedling length is treated to 5 ~ 6cm, seedling rearing room is opened daily 10 minutes, continuous 15 days, ginkgo seedling is extracted,
Crop field transplanting is carried out together with sowing media, ginkgo seedling must be transplanted.
The step（1）Freeze-drying, cryogenic temperature be -44 DEG C, dividing plate heating-up temperature be 37 DEG C.
The step（2）Plant ash, be to mix ginkgo leftover bits and pieces and pine tree leaf, fully obtained after burning.
The step（3）Soak, be made up of the raw material of following parts by weight：Dietary alkali 10, ginkgo biloba p.e 2.2,
Pumex extract 1.6, all substances are mixed, and are added water, and are stirred to being completely dissolved, and the mass concentration for making dietary alkali is 0.4%,
Obtain soak.
Described ginkgo biloba p.e, is to crush ginkgo leaf, adds the water of 70 times of amounts of ginkgo leaf weight, and heating is boiled
Afterwards, it is original 1/10 that small fire, which is decocted to volume, and filtering adds the volume fraction 71% of 70 times of amounts of filter residue weight into filter residue
Alcoholic solution, in 40 DEG C, 29kHz ultrasounds 20 minutes, filtering merges all filtrates, and drying to water content is 6 ~ 8%, obtains ginkgo leaf
Extract.
Described Pumex extract, is to crush bryozoatum, and the volume fraction for adding 80 times of amounts of bryozoatum weight is
2.1% acetum, in 43 DEG C, 28kHz ultrasounds 30 minutes, it is original 1/20 that heating, which is boiled to volume, filtering, by filtrate
Drying to water content is 8 ~ 10%, obtains Pumex extract.
The step（4）Aminophylline solution, also containing thiamine, pantothenic acid and sodium selenite, thiamine, pantothenic acid, sub- selenium
The weight ratio of sour sodium and aminophylline is 15:12:9:4, thiamine and pantothenic acid are added to the water, after being completely dissolved, selenous acid is added
Sodium and aminophylline, stirring obtain aminophylline solution to complete mixing.
The step（5）Seedling medium, be made up of the raw material of following parts by weight：Pig manure 17, soybean stalk 34, hot pepper crop
15th, ginkgo leaf 12, rubbish from cooking 12, plant ash 11, vermiculite 11, perlite 7, activated carbon 6, EM bacterium 3, by pig manure, soybean stalk,
Hot pepper crop, ginkgo leaf, rubbish from cooking and plant ash co-grinding, the water content for adding water to raw material are 42 ~ 44%, access EM bacterium, in
27 DEG C of ferment at constant temperature 4 days, add remaining raw material, are well mixed, and continue to ferment 3 days in 22 DEG C, obtain seedling medium；Described grass
Wood ash, is step（2）Used plant ash.
Embodiment 2
A kind of seeding growing seedlings method of ginkgo, comprises the following steps：
（1）Seed preparation：Ripe, the complete ginkgo fruit of selection, freeze-drying to water content is 17 ~ 19%, quickly reduces ginkgo
Moisture in fruit, keeps plumule vigor, increase kind skin space promotes the entrance of nutritional ingredient and moisture, broken not beneficial to seed
Sleep, accelerate germination, remove pericarp, obtain gingko seedses；
（2）Seed blanching：Before sowing, gingko seedses are placed in 0 ~ 2 DEG C of water and soaked 3 hours, taken out, by plant ash and salt compounded of iodine
The weight ratio of mixing, plant ash and salt compounded of iodine is 6:1, it is 52 ~ 54 DEG C that heating, which stir-fries to temperature, closes burning things which may cause a fire disaster, adds after immersion
Gingko seedses, stir-fry rapidly 90 ~ 100 seconds, and by low temperature and high-temperature process, and plant ash is nutritious with salt compounded of iodine, makes seed
It is heated evenly, strengthens seed resistance, break seed dormancy, accelerates germination, sieving, by seed and plant ash and salt compounded of iodine
Mixture is separated, and treats that the mixture temperature of plant ash and salt compounded of iodine is down to 35 ~ 37 DEG C, gingko seedses are added again, and insulation stands 5
Hour, obtain blanching seed；
（3）Seed soaks：The exosper of blanching seed is removed, in the soak for being placed in 35 times of amounts of gingko seedses weight, normal temperature leaching
Bubble 5 hours, soak contains Multiple components, it is possible to increase seed pH, and subtracting oligospermous ginkgo acid content, there is provided abundant nutrition
Composition, quickly penetrates into Interior Seed, promotes germination, improves percentage of seedgermination, obtains immersion seed；
（4）Presprouting of seeds：Immersion seed is placed in germinating box, the aminophylline solution that sprinkling mass concentration is 0.12% keeps environment
Humidity, adjusts vernalization condition, 1 ~ 4 day, temperature was 37.5 DEG C, ambient humidity is 75%, dark, 5 days and after, temperature is 31.5
DEG C, ambient humidity be that 72%, illumination is 70lx there is provided abundant small molecule nutritional ingredient, promote in neutron absorption, increase seed
Moisture and nutrition, break seed dormancy, gradually adjust vernalization condition, improve plumule vigor, fast-germination, shorten nursery week
Phase, obtain vernalization seed；
（5）Seed is sowed：Seedling medium is sterilized 30 minutes in 121 DEG C, loaded in seedlings nursing plate, underlayer thickness is 4 ~ 5cm, will be urged
Bud seed is placed in seedlings nursing plate, per 1 ~ 2, cave seed, covers 1.6 ~ 1.8cm of seedling medium, and water 20 ~ 25ml per cave, must sow
Matrix；
（6）Managing after sowing：Sowing media is placed in seedling rearing room, 1 ~ 3 day, it was 37%, temperature to keep the top layer water content of sowing media
Be 80lx for 33.5 DEG C, illumination, 4 days and after, the top layer water content for keeping sowing media be 33%, temperature be 28 DEG C, illumination be
90lx, it is first hot and humid, promote nutrition and the accumulation of moisture in seed, promote plumule growth, then temperature and humidity is reduced, make
Plumule is sturdy, strong stress resistance, emerges neat, growing way is vigorous, is easy to unified management, uses manpower and material resources sparingly, obtain ginkgo seedling；
（7）Hardening is transplanted：Ginkgo seedling length is treated to 5 ~ 6cm, seedling rearing room is opened daily 12 minutes, continuous 18 days, ginkgo seedling is extracted,
Crop field transplanting is carried out together with sowing media, ginkgo seedling must be transplanted.
The step（1）Freeze-drying, cryogenic temperature be -43 DEG C, dividing plate heating-up temperature be 37 DEG C.
The step（2）Plant ash, be to mix ginkgo leftover bits and pieces and pine tree leaf, fully obtained after burning.
The step（3）Soak, be made up of the raw material of following parts by weight：Dietary alkali 11, ginkgo biloba p.e 2.3,
Pumex extract 1.7, all substances are mixed, and are added water, and are stirred to being completely dissolved, and the mass concentration for making dietary alkali is 0.5%,
Obtain soak.
Described ginkgo biloba p.e, is to crush ginkgo leaf, adds the water of 75 times of amounts of ginkgo leaf weight, and heating is boiled
Afterwards, it is original 1/10 that small fire, which is decocted to volume, and filtering adds the volume fraction 72% of 75 times of amounts of filter residue weight into filter residue
Alcoholic solution, in 41 DEG C, 30kHz ultrasounds 20 minutes, filtering merges all filtrates, and drying to water content is 6 ~ 8%, obtains ginkgo leaf
Extract.
Described Pumex extract, is to crush bryozoatum, and the volume fraction for adding 90 times of amounts of bryozoatum weight is
2.2% acetum, in 44 DEG C, 29kHz ultrasounds 30 minutes, it is original 1/20 that heating, which is boiled to volume, filtering, by filtrate
Drying to water content is 8 ~ 10%, obtains Pumex extract.
The step（4）Aminophylline solution, also containing thiamine, pantothenic acid and sodium selenite, thiamine, pantothenic acid, sub- selenium
The weight ratio of sour sodium and aminophylline is 16:13:10:5, thiamine and pantothenic acid are added to the water, after being completely dissolved, selenous acid is added
Sodium and aminophylline, stirring obtain aminophylline solution to complete mixing.
The step（5）Seedling medium, be made up of the raw material of following parts by weight：Pig manure 18, soybean stalk 35, hot pepper crop
16th, ginkgo leaf 13, rubbish from cooking 13, plant ash 12, vermiculite 12, perlite 8, activated carbon 7, EM bacterium 4, by pig manure, soybean stalk,
Hot pepper crop, ginkgo leaf, rubbish from cooking and plant ash co-grinding, the water content for adding water to raw material are 42 ~ 44%, access EM bacterium, in
28 DEG C of ferment at constant temperature 4 days, add remaining raw material, are well mixed, and continue to ferment 3 days in 23 DEG C, obtain seedling medium；Described grass
Wood ash, is step（2）Used plant ash.
Embodiment 3
A kind of seeding growing seedlings method of ginkgo, comprises the following steps：
（1）Seed preparation：Ripe, the complete ginkgo fruit of selection, freeze-drying to water content is 17 ~ 19%, quickly reduces ginkgo
Moisture in fruit, keeps plumule vigor, increase kind skin space promotes the entrance of nutritional ingredient and moisture, broken not beneficial to seed
Sleep, accelerate germination, remove pericarp, obtain gingko seedses；
（2）Seed blanching：Before sowing, gingko seedses are placed in 0 ~ 2 DEG C of water and soaked 4 hours, taken out, by plant ash and salt compounded of iodine
The weight ratio of mixing, plant ash and salt compounded of iodine is 7:1, it is 52 ~ 54 DEG C that heating, which stir-fries to temperature, closes burning things which may cause a fire disaster, adds after immersion
Gingko seedses, stir-fry rapidly 90 ~ 100 seconds, and by low temperature and high-temperature process, and plant ash is nutritious with salt compounded of iodine, makes seed
It is heated evenly, strengthens seed resistance, break seed dormancy, accelerates germination, sieving, by seed and plant ash and salt compounded of iodine
Mixture is separated, and treats that the mixture temperature of plant ash and salt compounded of iodine is down to 35 ~ 37 DEG C, gingko seedses are added again, and insulation stands 6
Hour, obtain blanching seed；
（3）Seed soaks：The exosper of blanching seed is removed, in the soak for being placed in 40 times of amounts of gingko seedses weight, normal temperature leaching
Bubble 6 hours, soak contains Multiple components, it is possible to increase seed pH, and subtracting oligospermous ginkgo acid content, there is provided abundant nutrition
Composition, quickly penetrates into Interior Seed, promotes germination, improves percentage of seedgermination, obtains immersion seed；
（4）Presprouting of seeds：Immersion seed is placed in germinating box, the aminophylline solution that sprinkling mass concentration is 0.13% keeps environment
Humidity, adjusts vernalization condition, 1 ~ 4 day, temperature was 38 DEG C, ambient humidity is 76%, dark, 5 days and after, temperature is 32 DEG C, ring
Border humidity is that 73%, illumination is that there is provided abundant small molecule nutritional ingredient, promotion neutron absorption, the intraseminal moisture of increase by 80lx
And nutrition, break seed dormancy, gradually adjust vernalization condition, improve plumule vigor, fast-germination shortens growing-seedling period, must urged
Bud seed；
（5）Seed is sowed：Seedling medium is sterilized 35 minutes in 121 DEG C, loaded in seedlings nursing plate, underlayer thickness is 4 ~ 5cm, will be urged
Bud seed is placed in seedlings nursing plate, per 1 ~ 2, cave seed, covers 1.6 ~ 1.8cm of seedling medium, and water 20 ~ 25ml per cave, must sow
Matrix；
（6）Managing after sowing：Sowing media is placed in seedling rearing room, 1 ~ 3 day, it was 38%, temperature to keep the top layer water content of sowing media
Be 90lx for 34 DEG C, illumination, 4 days and after, the top layer water content for keeping sowing media be 34%, temperature be 29 DEG C, illumination be
100lx, it is first hot and humid, promote nutrition and the accumulation of moisture in seed, promote plumule growth, then temperature and humidity is reduced,
Make plumule sturdy, strong stress resistance is emerged neat, growing way is vigorous, is easy to unified management, uses manpower and material resources sparingly, obtain ginkgo seedling；
（7）Hardening is transplanted：Ginkgo seedling length is treated to 5 ~ 6cm, seedling rearing room is opened daily 15 minutes, continuous 20 days, ginkgo seedling is extracted,
Crop field transplanting is carried out together with sowing media, ginkgo seedling must be transplanted.
The step（1）Freeze-drying, cryogenic temperature be -42 DEG C, dividing plate heating-up temperature be 38 DEG C.
The step（2）Plant ash, be to mix ginkgo leftover bits and pieces and pine tree leaf, fully obtained after burning.
The step（3）Soak, be made up of the raw material of following parts by weight：Dietary alkali 12, ginkgo biloba p.e 2.4,
Pumex extract 1.8, all substances are mixed, and are added water, and are stirred to being completely dissolved, and the mass concentration for making dietary alkali is 0.6%,
Obtain soak.
Described ginkgo biloba p.e, is to crush ginkgo leaf, adds the water of 80 times of amounts of ginkgo leaf weight, and heating is boiled
Afterwards, it is original 1/10 that small fire, which is decocted to volume, and filtering adds the volume fraction 73% of 80 times of amounts of filter residue weight into filter residue
Alcoholic solution, in 42 DEG C, 31kHz ultrasounds 25 minutes, filtering merges all filtrates, and drying to water content is 6 ~ 8%, obtains ginkgo leaf
Extract.
Described Pumex extract, is to crush bryozoatum, and the volume fraction for adding 100 times of amounts of bryozoatum weight is
2.3% acetum, in 45 DEG C, 30kHz ultrasounds 35 minutes, it is original 1/20 that heating, which is boiled to volume, filtering, by filtrate
Drying to water content is 8 ~ 10%, obtains Pumex extract.
The step（4）Aminophylline solution, also containing thiamine, pantothenic acid and sodium selenite, thiamine, pantothenic acid, sub- selenium
The weight ratio of sour sodium and aminophylline is 17:14:11:6, thiamine and pantothenic acid are added to the water, after being completely dissolved, selenous acid is added
Sodium and aminophylline, stirring obtain aminophylline solution to complete mixing.
The step（5）Seedling medium, be made up of the raw material of following parts by weight：Pig manure 19, soybean stalk 36, hot pepper crop
17th, ginkgo leaf 14, rubbish from cooking 14, plant ash 13, vermiculite 13, perlite 9, activated carbon 8, EM bacterium 5, by pig manure, soybean stalk,
Hot pepper crop, ginkgo leaf, rubbish from cooking and plant ash co-grinding, the water content for adding water to raw material are 42 ~ 44%, access EM bacterium, in
29 DEG C of ferment at constant temperature 5 days, add remaining raw material, are well mixed, and continue to ferment 4 days in 24 DEG C, obtain seedling medium；Described grass
Wood ash, is step（2）Used plant ash.
Comparative example 1
Removal step（1）In freeze-drying, remaining method, be the same as Example 1.
Comparative example 2
Removal step（2）, remaining method, be the same as Example 1.
Comparative example 3
Step（3）In soak be changed to water, remaining method, be the same as Example 1.
Comparative example 4
Removal step（3）, remaining method, be the same as Example 1.
Comparative example 5
Removal step（4）In aminophylline solution, remaining method, be the same as Example 1.
Comparative example 6
Step（4）In vernalization condition be always maintained at temperature be 37 DEG C, ambient humidity be 74%, dark, remaining method, with implementing
Example 1.
Comparative example 7
Step（5）In sowing be soil sowing, remaining method, be the same as Example 1.
Comparative example 8
Step（6）In be always maintained at sowing media top layer water content be 36%, temperature be 33 DEG C, illumination be 70lx, remaining side
Method, be the same as Example 1.
Comparative example 9
The seeding growing seedlings method of existing traditional ginkgo.
The nursery effect of embodiment and comparative example ginkgo seeding growing seedlings method：
In Anhui Province Bengbu Region, ripe, full ginkgo nut 24000 is selected, 12 groups is randomly divided into, every group 2000, divides
Not Wei embodiment group and comparative example group, each group handled according to the method for the group respectively, is carried out per 1000 seeds of group selection
Vernalization, vernalization 8 days checks the seed number that shows money or valuables one carries unintentionally, after planting 6 days, the unearthed strain number of observation germination calculated germination percentage, 10 days after transplanting,
The nursery effect of calculating survival rate, other management method all sames, embodiment and comparative example ginkgo seeding growing seedlings method is shown in Table 1.
Table 1：The nursery effect of embodiment and comparative example ginkgo seeding growing seedlings method
| Project | Seed number（Grain） | Show money or valuables one carries unintentionally number（Grain） | Germinative number（Strain） | Germination percentage（%） | Survival rate（%） |
| Embodiment 1 | 1000 | 436 | 646 | 64.6 | 97.5 |
| Embodiment 2 | 1000 | 442 | 673 | 67.3 | 98.3 |
| Embodiment 3 | 1000 | 435 | 665 | 66.5 | 97.8 |
| Comparative example 1 | 1000 | 362 | 586 | 58.6 | 93.6 |
| Comparative example 2 | 1000 | 325 | 557 | 55.7 | 92.7 |
| Comparative example 3 | 1000 | 372 | 564 | 56.4 | 92.8 |
| Comparative example 4 | 1000 | 311 | 535 | 53.5 | 91.7 |
| Comparative example 5 | 1000 | 304 | 524 | 52.4 | 91.2 |
| Comparative example 6 | 1000 | 317 | 553 | 55.3 | 94.4 |
| Comparative example 7 | 1000 | 353 | 541 | 54.1 | 92.3 |
| Comparative example 8 | 1000 | 368 | 527 | 52.7 | 93.6 |
| Comparative example 9 | 1000 | 275 | 506 | 50.6 | 89.5 |
Show from the result of table 1, the seeding growing seedlings method of the ginkgo of embodiment, the seed number that shows money or valuables one carries unintentionally of vernalization 8 days, sowing 6 days
The unearthed number of germination and the ginkgo shoot survival percent of transplanting 10 days are substantially high compared with comparative example, illustrate that the sowing of the ginkgo of the invention provided is educated
Seedling-growing method has good nursery effect.
Claims (8)
1. a kind of seeding growing seedlings method of ginkgo, it is characterised in that comprise the following steps：
（1）Seed preparation：Ripe, the complete ginkgo fruit of selection, freeze-drying to water content is 17 ~ 19%, removes pericarp, obtains
Gingko seedses；
（2）Seed blanching：Before sowing, gingko seedses are placed in 0 ~ 2 DEG C of water and soaked 3 ~ 4 hours, taken out, by plant ash and iodine
Salt is mixed, and the weight ratio of plant ash and salt compounded of iodine is 6 ~ 7:1, it is 52 ~ 54 DEG C that heating, which stir-fries to temperature, closes burning things which may cause a fire disaster, adds immersion
Gingko seedses afterwards, are stir-fried rapidly 90 ~ 100 seconds, sieving, and seed and plant ash are separated with the mixture of salt compounded of iodine, plant ash is treated
35 ~ 37 DEG C are down to the mixture temperature of salt compounded of iodine, gingko seedses are added again, insulation stands 5 ~ 6 hours, obtains blanching seed；
（3）Seed soaks：The exosper of blanching seed is removed, in the soak for being placed in 30 ~ 40 times of amounts of gingko seedses weight, normal temperature
Immersion 5 ~ 6 hours, obtains immersion seed；
（4）Presprouting of seeds：Immersion seed is placed in germinating box, the aminophylline solution that sprinkling mass concentration is 0.11 ~ 0.13% is protected
Hold ambient humidity, adjust vernalization condition, 1 ~ 4 day, temperature be 37 ~ 38 DEG C, ambient humidity is 74 ~ 76%, dark, 5 days and after,
Temperature is 31 ~ 32 DEG C, ambient humidity is that 71 ~ 73%, illumination is 60 ~ 80lx, obtains vernalization seed；
（5）Seed is sowed：Seedling medium is sterilized 30 ~ 35 minutes in 121 DEG C, loaded in seedlings nursing plate, underlayer thickness is 4 ~ 5cm,
Vernalization seed is placed in seedlings nursing plate, per 1 ~ 2, cave seed, 1.6 ~ 1.8cm of seedling medium is covered, water 20 ~ 25ml per cave, obtains
Sowing media；
（6）Managing after sowing：Sowing media is placed in seedling rearing room, 1 ~ 3 day, keep the top layer water content of sowing media for 36 ~ 38%,
Temperature is 33 ~ 34 DEG C, illumination is 70 ~ 90lx, 4 days and after, keep the top layer water content of sowing media to be for 32 ~ 34%, temperature
27 ~ 29 DEG C, illumination be 80 ~ 100lx, obtain ginkgo seedling；
（7）Hardening is transplanted：Ginkgo seedling length is treated to 5 ~ 6cm, seedling rearing room is opened daily 10 ~ 15 minutes, continuous 15 ~ 20 days, by ginkgo
Seedling is extracted, and is carried out crop field transplanting together with sowing media, must be transplanted ginkgo seedling.
2. the seeding growing seedlings method of ginkgo according to claim 1, it is characterised in that the step（1）Freeze-drying, it is cold
It is -44 ~ -42 DEG C to freeze temperature, and dividing plate heating-up temperature is 37 ~ 38 DEG C.
3. the seeding growing seedlings method of ginkgo according to claim 1, it is characterised in that the step（2）Plant ash, be by
Ginkgo leftover bits and pieces and pine tree leaf mixing, are fully obtained after burning.
4. the seeding growing seedlings method of ginkgo according to claim 1, it is characterised in that the step（3）Soak, by with
The raw material of lower parts by weight is made：Dietary alkali 10 ~ 12, ginkgo biloba p.e 2.2 ~ 2.4, Pumex extract 1.6 ~ 1.8, will be all
Material mixing, adds water, and stirs to being completely dissolved, and the mass concentration for making dietary alkali is 0.4 ~ 0.6%, obtains soak.
5. the seeding growing seedlings method of ginkgo according to claim 4, it is characterised in that described ginkgo biloba p.e, be by
Ginkgo leaf is crushed, and adds the water of 70 ~ 80 times of amounts of ginkgo leaf weight, after heating is boiled, and it is original 1/10 that small fire, which is decocted to volume,
Filtering, the alcoholic solution of the volume fraction 71 ~ 73% of 70 ~ 80 times of amounts of filter residue weight is added into filter residue, in 40 ~ 42 DEG C, 29 ~
31kHz ultrasounds 20 ~ 25 minutes, filtering merges all filtrates, and drying to water content is 6 ~ 8%, obtains ginkgo biloba p.e.
6. the seeding growing seedlings method of ginkgo according to claim 4, it is characterised in that described Pumex extract, be by
Bryozoatum is crushed, and the volume fraction for adding 80 ~ 100 times of amounts of bryozoatum weight is 2.1 ~ 2.3% acetum, in 43 ~ 45 DEG C,
28 ~ 30kHz ultrasounds 30 ~ 35 minutes, it is original 1/20 that heating, which is boiled to volume, filtering, by filtrate dry to water content be 8 ~
10%, obtain Pumex extract.
7. the seeding growing seedlings method of ginkgo according to claim 1, it is characterised in that the step（4）Aminophylline solution,
Also contain thiamine, pantothenic acid and sodium selenite, thiamine, pantothenic acid, the weight ratio of sodium selenite and aminophylline are 15 ~ 17:12~
14:9~11:4 ~ 6, thiamine and pantothenic acid are added to the water, after being completely dissolved, sodium selenite and aminophylline is added, stirs to complete
Mix, obtain aminophylline solution.
8. the seeding growing seedlings method of ginkgo according to claim 1, it is characterised in that the step（5）Seedling medium, by
The raw material of following parts by weight is made：Pig manure 17 ~ 19, soybean stalk 34 ~ 36, hot pepper crop 15 ~ 17, ginkgo leaf 12 ~ 14, rubbish from cooking
12 ~ 14, plant ash 11 ~ 13, vermiculite 11 ~ 13, perlite 7 ~ 9, activated carbon 6 ~ 8, EM bacterium 3 ~ 5, by pig manure, soybean stalk, capsicum
Seedling, ginkgo leaf, rubbish from cooking and plant ash co-grinding, the water content for adding water to raw material are 42 ~ 44%, access EM bacterium, in 27 ~
29 DEG C of ferment at constant temperature 4 ~ 5 days, add remaining raw material, are well mixed, and continue to ferment 3 ~ 4 days in 22 ~ 24 DEG C, obtain seedling medium；
Described plant ash, is step（2）Used plant ash.
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| CN107801544A (en) * | 2017-09-28 | 2018-03-16 | 甘肃省锦龙农业开发有限公司 | A kind of breeding method of ginkgo seedling |
| CN107896552A (en) * | 2017-11-11 | 2018-04-13 | 安徽太阳花牧业有限公司 | A kind of processing method for promoting gingko seeds germination |
| CN110999728A (en) * | 2019-12-25 | 2020-04-14 | 中国科学院新疆生态与地理研究所 | Method for cultivating seedlings of daylily in saline water |
| CN111587773A (en) * | 2020-05-08 | 2020-08-28 | 内蒙古自治区生物技术研究院 | Rapid soilless green seedling culture method for astragalus membranaceus |
| CN111819947A (en) * | 2020-07-17 | 2020-10-27 | 新疆林业科学院 | Germination accelerating method beneficial to dormancy breaking of sorbus tianshanensis seeds |
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