CN111587773A - Rapid soilless green seedling culture method for astragalus membranaceus - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention provides a rapid soilless green seedling raising method for astragalus, which is characterized in that astragalus seeds are subjected to high-concentration ethanol soaking, ultrasonic treatment and temperature change treatment, so that a compact cell layer and pectin substances outside the seed coats are denatured, the permeability is improved, the astragalus seeds can germinate on the same day of culture, and the germination rate can reach more than 97% in 8-12 days; meanwhile, the illumination condition is controlled in the culture process, so that the vitality of the astragalus seedling is strong, the whole seedling culture method is short in production period and high in production efficiency, and the quality of astragalus can be well maintained.

Description

Rapid soilless green seedling culture method for astragalus membranaceus

Technical Field

The invention relates to a seedling raising method for agricultural economic crops, in particular to a rapid soilless green seedling raising method for astragalus membranaceus, and belongs to the technical field of plant cultivation.

Background

Astragalus root belongs to perennial herb of leguminosae and is used as medicine by root. The astragalus root has the main pharmacological actions of tonifying qi, strengthening exterior, promoting urination, expelling toxin, discharging pus, promoting granulation and the like, is mainly used for treating short breath, collapse, palpitation, spontaneous perspiration, body weakness, edema, chronic nephritis, dehydration, chronic diarrhea, qi deficiency, deficiency of qi and blood, sinking of middle-jiao, has the effects of resisting bacteria, diminishing inflammation, reducing blood pressure, promoting urination, detoxifying and benefiting gallbladder and the like, and is a common Chinese herbal medicine. The domestic market has great demand on astragalus, and is mainly used for producing astragalus decoction pieces, Chinese patent medicines, extracts and preparations.

In recent years, the industrialized planting scale of astragalus membranaceus is enlarged year by year, but the seedling scale and the technology of astragalus membranaceus are seriously lagged, the method still stays in the traditional extensive original seedling and planting stage, and in the process of artificially cultivating astragalus membranaceus, the culture of seedling directly influences the yield and quality of the later-stage astragalus membranaceus medicinal materials. However, the germination rate of astragalus seeds in the seedling raising process is very low, and the germination rate of the astragalus seeds which are not pretreated is only about 15 percent, mainly because of a compact cell layer and pectin substances outside the seed coats, the astragalus seeds have poor permeability, and the seed buds are difficult to penetrate the shells; further, the seeds having the higher maturity have a thicker surface enamel layer, and if the seeds are not treated properly, the germination rate is hardly more than 50%. At present, astragalus seedling raising enterprises usually use a method of soaking in warm water at 60-70 ℃ for 24 hours, although the germination rate can be improved and can reach about 90% in some cases, the seedling emergence time is uneven and can reach about 90% in 30-50 days generally.

Therefore, the research on the astragalus seed germination conditions is a precondition work of the astragalus standardized cultivation, and has very important significance in the astragalus cultivation production, meanwhile, the seed germination is only the first step, the method is also very important for the seedling cultivation after the seed germination, and the survival rate of the seedlings obtained through good cultivation in a repeated process is obviously improved.

However, the traditional astragalus root seedling raising work has low production efficiency and serious variety degradation, can not effectively ensure the effective components of the astragalus root, and is easily infected by viruses and diseases in the seedling raising process, thereby seriously affecting the yield and quality of later-period cultivation. Inspired by a water culture method, a few scientific research institutions or enterprises use the water culture method to carry out the astragalus root seedling culture work at present, however, the horizontal astragalus root seedling culture work is only in the preliminary stage of research and development, the research on the water culture process is rough, the water culture process of other plants is mostly directly used, the advantage that the water culture method cannot be completely utilized is caused, the astragalus root seedling culture work is restricted by the factors such as operating conditions, seedling culture quality and the like, the production period is long, the production efficiency is low, the seedling culture quality is not high,

based on the existing problems, the rapid soilless green seedling culture method for astragalus membranaceus is developed, the method is high in astragalus membranaceus seed germination rate, strong in seedling culture vitality, short in production period and high in production efficiency, the quality of astragalus membranaceus can be well maintained, and the rapid soilless green seedling culture method has a high market application value.

Disclosure of Invention

In order to overcome the problems in the prior art, the invention aims to provide a rapid soilless green seedling culture method for astragalus, which has the advantages of high germination rate of astragalus seeds, strong seedling culture vitality, short production period, high production efficiency and better maintenance of the quality of astragalus.

In order to realize the purpose, the invention provides a rapid soilless green seedling raising method for astragalus, which comprises the following steps:

(1) taking a proper amount of astragalus seeds, adding an ethanol solution with the concentration of 60-75%, and carrying out ultrasonic treatment for 40-60 s; washing with water for 3-5 times;

(2) soaking the astragalus seeds obtained in the step (1) in ice water for 1-2h, then adding water with the temperature of 70-90 ℃ for soaking for 1-2h, and pouring off the water to leave the seeds;

(3) irradiating the astragalus seeds for 10-30 minutes by adopting a gamma ray with the radiation dose of 0.5-2 kGy;

(4) putting the astragalus seeds in the step (3) into an MS culture medium for culturing, wherein the culture temperature is 15-25 ℃, the humidity is 50-60%, and the astragalus seeds are cultured for 8-12 days for germination;

(5) putting the germinated astragalus seeds in the step (4) into a nutrient solution for dark culture seedling raising, wherein the seedling raising temperature is 15-25 ℃, and the humidity is 50-60%; continuously growing for 4-6 days;

(6) putting the germinated astragalus seeds in the step (5) into a nutrient solution for seedling raising, wherein the seedling raising temperature is 15-25 ℃, and the humidity is 50-60%; performing illumination treatment by using a full-spectrum lamp, wherein the illumination intensity is 4000-; replacing nutrient solution at intervals of 4-6 days, and continuously growing for 60-80 days to obtain radix astragali seedling.

Further, the astragalus seeds are selected from astragalus mongholicus seeds or astragalus membranaceus seeds;

further, the MS culture medium is subjected to pre-sterilization treatment, wherein the sterilization treatment is conventional pressurization and high-temperature treatment; the MS culture medium contains the following components in parts by weight per liter:

KNO3 4-6 mM，Ca(NO3)2·4H2O 4-6mM，MgSO4·7H2O 1.5-2.5mM，KH2PO4 0.8-1.2mM，H3BO3 40-48μM，MnCl2·4H2O 8-10μM，ZnSO4·7H2O 0.6-0.8μM，CuSO4·5H2O 0.2-0.4μM，Na2MoO4·2H2O 0.1-0.3μM，EDTA-Fe-Na 40-60μM；

further, in the step (4), the MS culture medium is supplied circularly, so that the content of various elements is stable;

further, in the step (4), the culture temperature is not constant, the temperature is 15-20 ℃ in the early stage of germination (1-3 days), and the temperature is increased to 21-25 ℃ in the later stage of germination.

Further, the nutrient solution in the step (4) and the nutrient solution in the step (5) have the same components, and each liter of the nutrient solution contains the following components in parts by weight:

KNO3 6-8 mM，Ca(NO3)2·4H2O 4-6mM，MgSO4·7H2O 1.5-2.5mM，KH2PO4 0.8-1.2mM，H3BO3 40-48μM，MnCl2·4H2O 8-10μM，ZnSO4·7H2O 0.6-0.8μM，CuSO4·5H2O 0.2-0.4μM，Na2MoO4·2H2O 0.1-0.3μM，CoCl2·7H2O 0.3-0.5μM，EDTA-Fe-Na 40-60μM。

the invention has the following beneficial effects:

(1) has high germination rate: according to the invention, the astragalus seeds are subjected to high-concentration ethanol soaking, ultrasonic treatment and temperature-changing treatment, so that a compact cell layer and pectin substances outside the seed coats are denatured, the permeability is improved, the astragalus seeds can germinate on the same day of culture, and the germination rate can reach more than 97% in 8-12 days;

(2) the astragalus membranaceus seedlings grow rapidly and have strong vitality: the invention promotes the growth of the hypocotyl and the root of the astragalus membranaceus seed by pre-growing the germinated astragalus membranaceus seed in a dark environment; further, illumination is applied to promote photosynthesis, so that the growth of the leaves is relatively rapid, the growth speed of the astragalus seedlings is integrally increased, the whole production period is shortened, and the vitality of the obtained astragalus seedlings is strong;

(3) has high quality: according to the invention, the MS culture medium and the composition of the nutrient solution are optimized and adjusted, so that the concentrations of various nutrient elements can be effectively controlled, and the stable quality of the astragalus seedlings is further ensured.

Detailed Description

In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the present invention is further described in detail with reference to the following embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the invention and are not intended to limit the invention. In addition, the technical features involved in the embodiments of the present invention described below may be combined with each other as long as they do not conflict with each other.

Example 1

A rapid soilless green seedling raising method for astragalus membranaceus comprises the following steps:

(1) taking a proper amount of Mongolian milkvetch seeds, adding an ethanol solution with the concentration of 60%, and carrying out ultrasonic treatment for 40 s; washing with water for 5 times;

(2) soaking the astragalus seeds obtained in the step (1) in ice water for 2 hours, then adding water with the temperature of 70 ℃ for soaking for 2 hours, and pouring the water to leave the seeds;

(3) irradiating the astragalus seeds for 10 minutes by adopting a gamma ray with the radiation dose of 1 kGy;

(4) placing the astragalus seeds in the step (3) into a sterilized MS culture medium for culturing, wherein the culture temperature is 15 ℃, the humidity is 50%, and the astragalus seeds are cultured for 8 days for germination;

the MS culture medium contains the following components in parts by weight per liter:

KNO3 6 mM，Ca(NO3)2·4H2O 4mM，MgSO4·7H2O 2.5mM，KH2PO4 1.2 mM，H3BO3 48μM，MnCl2·4H2O 10μM，ZnSO4·7H2O 0.8μM，CuSO4·5H2O 0.4μM，Na2MoO4·2H2O 0.3μM，EDTA-Fe-Na 60μM；

(5) putting the germinated astragalus seeds in the step (4) into a nutrient solution for dark culture seedling raising, wherein the seedling raising temperature is 25 ℃, and the humidity is 60%; continuously growing for 6 days;

the nutrient solution contains the following components by weight per liter:

KNO3 8 mM，Ca(NO3)2·4H2O 6mM，MgSO4·7H2O 2.5mM，KH2PO40.8 mM，H3BO3 40μM，MnCl2·4H2O 8μM，ZnSO4·7H2O 0.6μM，CuSO4·5H2O0.4μM，Na2MoO4·2H2O 0.3μM，CoCl2·7H2O 0.5μM，EDTA-Fe-Na 60μM；

(6) putting the germinated astragalus seeds in the step (5) into a nutrient solution for seedling raising, wherein the seedling raising temperature is 25 ℃, and the humidity is 50%; performing illumination treatment by using a full-spectrum lamp, wherein the illumination intensity is 4000lux, and the illumination time is 12 h; replacing the nutrient solution at intervals of 6 days, and continuously growing for 80 days to obtain astragalus membranaceus seedlings;

the nutrient solution contains the following components by weight per liter:

KNO3 8 mM，Ca(NO3)2·4H2O 6mM，MgSO4·7H2O 2.5mM，KH2PO40.8 mM，H3BO3 40μM，MnCl2·4H2O 8μM，ZnSO4·7H2O 0.6μM，CuSO4·5H2O0.4μM，Na2MoO4·2H2O 0.3μM，CoCl2·7H2O 0.5μM，EDTA-Fe-Na 60μM。

example 2

A rapid soilless green seedling raising method for astragalus membranaceus comprises the following steps:

(1) taking a proper amount of astragalus membranaceus seeds, adding an ethanol solution with the concentration of 70%, and carrying out ultrasonic treatment for 50 s; washing with water for 4 times;

(2) soaking the astragalus seeds obtained in the step (1) in ice water for 1h, then adding water with the temperature of 80 ℃ for soaking for 2h, and pouring the water to leave the seeds;

(3) irradiating the astragalus seeds for 20 minutes by adopting a gamma ray of 1kGy radiation dose;

(4) putting the astragalus seeds in the step (3) into a sterilized MS culture medium for culturing at the temperature of 20 ℃ and the humidity of 50 percent for 3 days, and then heating to 25 ℃ for continuous culture for 9 days;

the MS culture medium contains the following components in parts by weight per liter:

KNO3 5 mM，Ca(NO3)2·4H2O 6mM，MgSO4·7H2O 2.5mM，KH2PO41.2 mM，H3BO3 48μM，MnCl2·4H2O 10μM，ZnSO4·7H2O 0.8μM，CuSO4·5H2O 0.4μM，Na2MoO4·2H2O 0.3μM，EDTA-Fe-Na 60μM；

(5) putting the germinated astragalus seeds in the step (4) into a nutrient solution for dark culture seedling raising, wherein the seedling raising temperature is 20 ℃, and the humidity is 60%; the growth is continued for 4 days;

the nutrient solution contains the following components by weight per liter:

KNO3 7 mM，Ca(NO3)2·4H2O 6mM，MgSO4·7H2O 2.5mM，KH2PO40.8 mM，H3BO3 40μM，MnCl2·4H2O 8μM，ZnSO4·7H2O 0.6μM，CuSO4·5H2O0.4μM，Na2MoO4·2H2O 0.2μM，CoCl2·7H2O 0.5μM，EDTA-Fe-Na 60μM；

(6) putting the germinated astragalus seeds in the step (5) into a nutrient solution for seedling raising, wherein the seedling raising temperature is 25 ℃, and the humidity is 50%; performing illumination treatment by using a full-spectrum lamp, wherein the illumination intensity is 6000lux, and the illumination time is 10 h; replacing the nutrient solution at intervals of 5 days, and continuously growing for 80 days to obtain astragalus membranaceus seedlings;

the nutrient solution contains the following components by weight per liter:

KNO3 6 mM，Ca(NO3)2·4H2O 5mM，MgSO4·7H2O 1.5mM，KH2PO40.8 mM，H3BO3 46μM，MnCl2·4H2O 8μM，ZnSO4·7H2O 0.6μM，CuSO4·5H2O0.4μM，Na2MoO4·2H2O 0.3μM，CoCl2·7H2O 0.5μM，EDTA-Fe-Na 60μM。

example 3

A rapid soilless green seedling raising method for astragalus membranaceus comprises the following steps:

(1) taking a proper amount of Mongolian milkvetch seeds, adding an ethanol solution with the concentration of 60%, and carrying out ultrasonic treatment for 50 s; washing with water for 4 times;

(2) soaking the astragalus seeds obtained in the step (1) in ice water for 2 hours, then adding water with the temperature of 80 ℃ for soaking for 2 hours, and pouring the water to leave the seeds;

(3) irradiating the astragalus seeds for 20 minutes by adopting a gamma ray of 1kGy radiation dose;

(4) putting the astragalus seeds in the step (3) into a sterilized MS culture medium for culturing at the temperature of 15 ℃ and the humidity of 55 percent for 2 days, and then heating to 22 ℃ for continuous culture for 10 days;

the MS culture medium contains the following components in parts by weight per liter:

KNO3 5 mM，Ca(NO3)2·4H2O 6mM，MgSO4·7H2O 2.5mM，KH2PO4 1.2 mM，H3BO3 48μM，MnCl2·4H2O 10μM，ZnSO4·7H2O 0.7μM，CuSO4·5H2O 0.3μM，Na2MoO4·2H2O 0.3μM，EDTA-Fe-Na 60μM；

(5) putting the germinated astragalus seeds in the step (4) into a nutrient solution for dark culture seedling raising, wherein the seedling raising temperature is 20 ℃, and the humidity is 60%; continuously growing for 5 days;

the nutrient solution contains the following components by weight per liter:

KNO3 6mM，Ca(NO3)2·4H2O 8mM，MgSO4·7H2O 2.5mM，KH2PO40.8 mM，H3BO3 40μM，MnCl2·4H2O 8μM，ZnSO4·7H2O 0.7μM，CuSO4·5H2O0.4μM，Na2MoO4·2H2O 0.2μM，CoCl2·7H2O 0.5μM，EDTA-Fe-Na 60μM；

(6) putting the germinated astragalus seeds in the step (5) into a nutrient solution for seedling raising, wherein the seedling raising temperature is 20 ℃, and the humidity is 50%; performing illumination treatment by using a full-spectrum lamp, wherein the illumination intensity is 6000lux, and the illumination time is 11 h; replacing the nutrient solution at intervals of 5 days, and continuously growing for 80 days to obtain astragalus membranaceus seedlings;

the nutrient solution contains the following components by weight per liter:

KNO3 6 mM，Ca(NO3)2·4H2O 5mM，MgSO4·7H2O 1.5mM，KH2PO4 0.8 mM，H3BO3 46μM，MnCl2·4H2O 8μM，ZnSO4·7H2O 0.6μM，CuSO4·5H2O0.4μM，Na2MoO4·2H2O 0.3μM，CoCl2·7H2O 0.5μM，EDTA-Fe-Na 60μM。

it will be understood by those skilled in the art that the foregoing is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and is not intended to limit the invention, and that any modification, equivalent replacement, or improvement made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the scope of the present invention.

Claims (7)

1. A rapid soilless green seedling raising method for astragalus membranaceus is characterized by comprising the following steps: the method comprises the following steps:

(1) taking a proper amount of astragalus seeds, adding an ethanol solution with the concentration of 60-75%, and carrying out ultrasonic treatment for 40-60 s; washing with water for 3-5 times;

(2) soaking the astragalus seeds obtained in the step (1) in ice water for 1-2h, then adding water with the temperature of 70-90 ℃ for soaking for 1-2h, and pouring off the water to leave the seeds;

(3) irradiating the astragalus seeds for 10-30 minutes by adopting a gamma ray with the radiation dose of 0.5-2 kGy;

(4) putting the astragalus seeds in the step (3) into an MS culture medium for culturing, wherein the culture temperature is 15-25 ℃, the humidity is 50-60%, and the astragalus seeds are cultured for 8-12 days for germination;

(5) putting the germinated astragalus seeds in the step (4) into a nutrient solution for dark culture seedling raising, wherein the seedling raising temperature is 15-25 ℃, and the humidity is 50-60%; continuously growing for 4-6 days;

(6) putting the germinated astragalus seeds in the step (5) into a nutrient solution for seedling raising, wherein the seedling raising temperature is 15-25 ℃, and the humidity is 50-60%; performing illumination treatment by using a full-spectrum lamp, wherein the illumination intensity is 4000-; replacing nutrient solution at intervals of 4-6 days, and continuously growing for 60-80 days to obtain radix astragali seedling.

2. The rapid soilless green seedling raising method for astragalus membranaceus according to claim 1, which is characterized by comprising the following steps: the radix astragali seed is selected from Mongolian radix astragali seed or Astragalus membranaceus seed.

3. The rapid soilless green seedling raising method for astragalus membranaceus according to claim 1 or 2, which is characterized in that: and pre-sterilizing the MS culture medium, wherein the sterilization treatment is conventional pressurization and high-temperature treatment.

4. The rapid soilless green seedling raising method for astragalus membranaceus according to claim 3, which is characterized by comprising the following steps: the MS culture medium contains the following components in parts by weight per liter:

KNO3 4-6mM，Ca(NO3)2·4H2O 4-6mM，MgSO4·7H2O 1.5-2.5mM，KH2PO4 0.8-1.2mM，H3BO3 40-48μM，MnCl2·4H2O 8-10μM，ZnSO4·7H2O 0.6-0.8μM，CuSO4·5H2O 0.2-0.4μM，Na2MoO4·2H2O 0.1-0.3μM，EDTA-Fe-Na 40-60μM。

5. the rapid soilless green seedling raising method for astragalus membranaceus as claimed in claim 4, which is characterized in that: in the step (4), the MS culture medium is supplied circularly.

6. A rapid soilless green seedling raising method for astragalus membranaceus according to any one of claims 1-5, which is characterized in that: in the step (4), the culture temperature is not constant, the temperature is 15-20 ℃ in 1-3 days at the initial stage of germination, and the temperature is increased to 21-25 ℃ at the later stage of germination.

7. The rapid soilless green seedling raising method for astragalus membranaceus according to any one of claims 1-6, which is characterized in that: the nutrient solution in the step (4) and the nutrient solution in the step (5) have the same components, and each liter of the nutrient solution contains the following components by weight:

KNO3 6-8 mM，Ca(NO3)2·4H2O 4-6mM，MgSO4·7H2O 1.5-2.5mM，KH2PO4 0.8-1.2mM，H3BO3 40-48μM，MnCl2·4H2O 8-10μM，ZnSO4·7H2O 0.6-0.8μM，CuSO4·5H2O 0.2-0.4μM，Na2MoO4·2H2O 0.1-0.3μM，CoCl2·7H2O 0.3-0.5μM，EDTA-Fe-Na 40-60μM。