CN105961160A - Organic cucumber soilless planting method - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses a soilless planting method of organic cucumbers, which belongs to the field of protected agricultural cultivation; the non-transgenic cucumber seeds which have not undergone chemical treatment are sterilized, and the organic fertilizer after straw fermentation and decomposing is used as the matrix cultivation and leachate watering in the whole process Combining the cultivation mode of different stages of cucumber management, it adopts cyclic fertilizer supply and timely recovery of liquid fertilizer; the present invention also provides an organic substrate for planting vegetables, organic liquid fertilizer and its preparation method, raw materials are straw, chicken manure, soybean meal, plant ash, marsh A variety of raw materials such as liquid and mineral fertilizers are added in an appropriate amount in a timely manner; and the characteristics of symbiotic bacteria are used to carry out early fermentation, post-decomposition and continuous suppression; continuous extraction and replenishment of leachate, and organic liquid fertilizer after collection; comprehensive nutrients and balanced fertilizer efficiency are beneficial to plants Absorption; improves the quality of cucumbers, enhances the benefits of planting cucumbers, enhances the disease resistance and pest resistance of cucumbers, achieves the purpose of high yield and high quality, and has high economic value.

Description

A kind of soilless planting method of organic cucumber

technical field

The invention discloses a soilless planting method of organic cucumbers.

Background technique

The traditional greenhouse planting technology has excessive drug residues. Due to irregular planting and long growth period, cucumbers can only be sold at low prices in farmers' markets, which cannot meet the requirements of food safety and commercial circulation, and cannot meet the needs of green consumers.

Contents of the invention

The purpose of the invention is to overcome the deficiencies of the prior art, and provide a soilless planting method for organic cucumbers, the product has better taste and mouthfeel. It consists of the following steps:

1. Preliminary preparations, 1) The organic seedling-raising matrix components for planting vegetables are straw, chicken dung, peat, perlite, etc.; the weight parts of each component dry material are: straw 50-80; chicken manure 10-30; seedling-raising matrix peat-perlite 1 : 1; various raw materials such as soybean meal, plant ash, biogas slurry and mineral fertilizer are added in an appropriate amount at 10 to 20 at the right time; when the surface of the substrate is white, add water; when the seedlings show insufficient fertility, topdress diluted organic fertilizer; 2) use symbiotic bacteria The characteristics of low-temperature fermentation in the early stage and decomposing or decomposing in the later stage; the stacking time is more than 60 days, and the temperature is kept at 25-30°C in the early stage, which is conducive to the breeding of symbiotic bacteria; in the later stage, it is kept at 60-65°C, and it is sterilized and decomposed at high temperature; 3) Decomposition The organic matter is sprayed with clear water, biogas slurry, mineral extraction leachate, etc. through circulation, and after collection, the organic fertilizer solution with comprehensive nutrients and balanced fertilizer efficiency, which is conducive to cucumber absorption; 4) The decomposed organic fertilizer is decomposed and re-fermented during the planting period, and the management period Spray clean water, biogas slurry, mineral extraction leaching solution, and collect organic liquid fertilizers with different contents; 5) Organic liquid fertilizers have comprehensive nutrients, are easy to control, have balanced fertilizer effects, and are easy to replenish, which can meet the growth needs of cucumbers in different periods.

2. Seed selection and seedling raising: 1) Select high-quality, high-yield varieties with strong stress resistance that adapt to ecological conditions; 2) Build shed seedlings: choose a place with good water sources and ventilation and drainage as the planting base, build sheds; build sheds and cover yarn in time 3) The seedlings are raised in plug trays, and the seedling substrates are straw, chicken manure, etc., peat, and perlite. The weight parts of the dry materials are: straw 80; Perlite 1:1, soybean meal, plant ash, biogas slurry and mineral fertilizers are added as 10; 4) Select high-quality, high-yield varieties with strong stress resistance that adapt to ecological conditions; Sterilize in minutes. When the water temperature drops to 25°C, soak the seeds for 4-5 hours, scrub, wash with water, remove the seeds and wrap them with a clean towel or wet cloth. Keep the germination at 25°C~28°C. After germination, use direct seeding or grafting sowing.

3. Temperature management at the seedling stage: variable temperature management in the shed, slow down before seedlings, after slowing down seedlings to before fruiting, control watering, strengthen ventilation and dampness, and maintain humidity at 60% to 70%.

4. Planting: Cultivation ponds with a distance of 1.1 meters wide, requiring a ditch width of 40 cm and a depth of 40 cm. The bottom is paved with waterproof plastic, filled with organic fertilizer 30-40 cm, and an organic fertilizer liquid recovery pool is set up; the distance between plants is 30-35 cm, double Row planting; planting in the morning on a sunny day, with a large row spacing of 80cm and a small row spacing of 30~35cm; after planting, water is poured into the small furrow; the cultivation substrate is composed of straw, chicken manure, peat, and perlite. The weight of the dry material is: straw 50 ~60, chicken manure 30, soybean meal, plant ash, biogas slurry and mineral fertilizers and other raw materials are added in an appropriate amount to 10~20; , requires a large amount of fertilizer, and the cucumber root system is shallow, and the ability to absorb fertilizer is weak. Therefore, only continuous topdressing of fertilizers can ensure the normal development of fruits and the robust growth of vegetative bodies.

5. Cultivation management: 1) The amount of nitrogen uptake by cucumbers shows a linear upward trend within 30 days after planting, and the amount of nitrogen uptake reaches the highest in the mid-growth period. When entering the reproductive growth period, the demand for phosphorus increases sharply, while the demand for nitrogen decreases slightly , cucumbers absorb potassium during the whole growth period; use organic fertilizers to decompose and re-ferment during the planting period, and increase raw materials such as soybean meal, plant ash, biogas slurry and mineral fertilizers to 20 in a timely manner; cyclically spray water, biogas slurry, minerals Leaching solution; meet the nutrient requirements of cucumber fruiting period; 2) Enter the fruiting period, greenhouse temperature management, 8:00~13:00, indoor temperature 25°C-30°C, and let the air exceed 28°C; 13:00~-17:00, 20°C~ 25°C; if it is deep winter, high-temperature melon cultivation will be implemented, and the air will be released when the indoor temperature reaches above 30°C;

6. Prevention and control of diseases and insect pests: 1) Use sunshade nets and insect nets to protect vegetables; install frequency vibration insecticidal lamps to kill insects; hang yellow sticky boards in the greenhouse to trap and kill whitefly, miner americanum, and winged aphids; It can be removed manually; 2) biological control, artificial propagation, release, and introduction of predatory natural enemies; in addition, various polyhedrosis viruses of Bacillus thuringiensis can be used to control pests and diseases; 3), when necessary, drug control can be used in coordination; it can be used to inhibit crops Soft soap for fungal diseases, plant preparations, vinegar and other substances to prevent and control fungal diseases of vegetables; rotenone, plant-derived pyrethrins, emulsified vegetable oil and diatomaceous earth can be used to kill insects; The inverted shed was cleaned, and the shed was fumigated and stewed.

The advantages of the present invention are: 1) the products adopting the planting method of the present invention have better taste and mouthfeel; 2) the melon strips are thick, straight and beautiful, uniform in thickness, light green in color, good in commodity, and the deformed melons are obviously reduced; 3) Cucumbers can be eaten fresh after growing up, with good taste, fresh, fragrant, crisp and tender, and rich in nutrition; 4) When the cucumbers reach the listing standards, they can be directly sent to restaurants or supermarkets for sale.

detailed description

The present invention will be further described by embodiment

General planting embodiment 1 is made up of following steps:

The present invention selects high-quality, high-yield varieties with strong stress resistance that adapt to local ecological conditions, such as Jinyan No. 4, Jinchun No. 3, etc., and seedlings are raised in plug trays in the shed. , the cotyledons of cucumber seedlings are flattened by the plugging method, the first true leaf of the rootstock seedlings grows to the exposed heart, and the grafting period is when the stem is 2.5mm~3mm thick; after grafting, shading and moisturizing, and removing the cover after survival. After the seedlings are slowed down, the seedbed is kept moist, and the topsoil is sprayed with water when it is dry, and the humidity is 60% to 70%. Do not water on cloudy days, and water before 10 am on sunny days. The fertilizers before and after planting are compound fertilizers and compound fertilizers, and conventional pesticides are used for pest control. The output is equivalent and the price is the market price.

Example 2 of a soilless planting method for organic cucumbers, which consists of the following steps: 1) Preliminary preparation, the organic seedling-raising matrix components are straw, chicken manure, peat, and perlite; the weight parts of the dry materials of each component are: straw 80; chicken manure 10; seedling substrate peat perlite 1:1; various raw materials such as soybean meal, plant ash, biogas slurry and mineral fertilizers are added in an appropriate amount to 10; when the surface of the substrate is white, add water; when the seedlings show insufficient fertility, Topdress diluted organic fertilizer; and use the characteristics of symbiotic bacteria to carry out low-temperature fermentation in the early stage and decomposed or suppressed fermentation in the later stage; the decomposed organic fertilizer is decomposed and re-fermented during the planting period, and sprayed with water, biogas slurry, and minerals during the management period Extract the leachate and collect organic liquid fertilizers with different contents; the organic liquid fertilizer has comprehensive nutrients, is easy to control, has a balanced fertilizer effect, and is easy to replenish, which can meet the growth needs of cucumbers in different periods; High-yield varieties; seedling raising in sheds: Seedlings are raised in plug trays, sterilized by scalding the seeds in hot water at 64.5°C for 10 minutes, soaking the seeds for 4 hours when the water temperature drops to 25°C, scrubbing with water, and wrapping the seeds in a clean towel or wet cloth after taking them out Well, keep germination at 25°C. After germination, use direct seeding or grafting to sow seeds. Grafting should use grafting. Rootstock seeds are sown in nutrient bowls, and cucumber seeds are sown in seedling trays. Rootstocks are sown 5 to 6 days earlier than cucumbers; 3 ) Temperature management at the seedling stage: variable temperature management in the greenhouse, before slowing down the seedlings, keep the room temperature at 28°C during the day and 15°C at night, and control watering after slowing down the seedlings to before fruiting; The row spacing is 40cm; the ditch is opened on the furrow surface, and the organic fertilizer is laid along the ditch for 25~30cm. ; chicken manure 30; various raw materials such as soybean meal, plant ash, biogas slurry and mineral fertilizer are added in an appropriate amount at 10~20; Collect organic liquid fertilizers with different contents; meet the growth needs of cucumbers in different periods; greenhouse temperature management; 6) pest control: use sunshade nets and insect nets to protect vegetables; install frequency vibration insecticidal lamps to kill insects; Sticky boards, trapping and killing whitefly, mineria americana, and winged aphids; artificial removal is also possible; biological control artificial reproduction, release, and introduction of predatory natural enemies; in addition, various polyhedrosis viruses of Bacillus thuringiensis can be used to prevent and control pests and diseases; drug control is necessary When using drugs to prevent and control crop fungal diseases, you can use soft soap, plant preparations, vinegar and other substances to control fungal diseases of vegetables; you can use rotenone, plant-derived pyrethrins, emulsified vegetable oil and diatomaceous earth to prevent and control fungal diseases. Insecticide; take advantage of the high temperature season in summer to clean up the shed and fumigate the shed.

Beneficial effects of the present invention: a soilless planting method of organic cucumbers proposed by the present invention meets the production standards of organic cucumbers, reduces the planting cost of organic cucumbers, improves the quality of cucumbers, enhances the benefits of cucumber planting, and makes cucumbers less resistant The ability to resist diseases and insect pests is enhanced, to achieve the purpose of high yield and high quality, and to realize the annual planting of cucumbers. Facts show that the method of the invention can obviously improve the quality of cucumber. Conforms to organic vegetable production standards. Has higher economic benefits.

The use of fertilizers before and after planting should meet the requirements specified in 5.7 of the national standard for organic products GB/T19630.1-2011; the yield is equivalent, and the price is 2 to 3 times higher than the market price.

Due to the application of the above-mentioned technical solution, Embodiment 2 of the present invention has the following advantages compared with Embodiment 1 of the prior art: the cucumber planting method of the present invention realizes the organic safety and pollution-free production of cucumbers, realizes the organic planting of anniversary cucumbers, The yield is greatly improved; the method of the invention can obviously improve the quality of the cucumber, conforms to the production standard of organic vegetables, has great economic benefits, the yield is equivalent, and the market price of the organic cucumber is 2 to 3 times higher than the common market price. Under the same output, the economic benefit will increase by 20,000 yuan.

Claims (6)

1. the invention discloses the soilless planting method of a kind of Organic cucumber, it is characterised in that the substrate of plantation Organic cucumber is fermented for primary raw material with straw, chicken manure etc.；Bean cake, plant ash, the multiple raw material timely and appropriate discovery such as biogas slurry and mineral fertilizer adds, and utilizes the feature of fungal component, carries out early stage low temperature fermentation and the later stage becomes thoroughly decomposed or system fermentation of irritating；The fertilizer become thoroughly decomposed is by decomposing planting season again and fermenting, and sprays clear water during management, and biogas slurry, mineral etc. provides leachate, collects the organic fertilizer obtaining different content；Organic fertilizer nutrient is comprehensive, easy-regulating, and fertilizer efficiency equalizes, and easily supplements, it is possible to meet Fructus Cucumidis sativi different times growth needs.

Soilless planting method the most according to claim 1, it is characterised in that build canopy nursery: select to have good water sources and the good place of ventilating drainage as planting base, build canopy；The cooling insect protected of shed cover gauze solar heat protection in time and the impact of anti-heavy rain；Using hole plate seedling growth, seedling medium composition is straw, chicken manure, the peat composed of rotten mosses, and the weight portion of perlite each composition siccative is: straw 80；Chicken manure 10, seedling medium peat composed of rotten mosses perlite 1:1, it is added to 10；Select to adapt to the high-quality of ecological condition, the high-yield variety nursery of strong stress resistance.

Soilless planting method the most according to claim 1, it is characterised in that field planting: fine day field planting in the morning, wide row space 80cm, little line-spacing 35cm, ditches in furrow face, lays fertilizer 25 ~ 30cm along ditch, cultivation matrix composition is straw, chicken manure, the peat composed of rotten mosses, the weight portion of perlite each composition siccative is: straw 50 ~ 60, chicken manure 30, bean cake, plant ash, the multiple raw material timely and appropriate discovery such as biogas slurry and mineral fertilizer is added to 10 ~ 20；After field planting, the growth of climing melon is rapid, and the growth of plant nutrition body and the growth of fruit and results are carried out simultaneously, fertilizer requirement is big, and cucumber root is shallow in addition, and absorption ability of nutrient is weak, so, the most constantly impose fertilizer, the normal development of guarantee fruit and the robust growth of trophosome.

Soilless planting method the most according to claim 1, it is characterised in that melon period management: enter the knot melon phase, greenhouse alternating temperature manages；Utilizing fertilizer to pass through planting season decompose and ferment, at management phase bean cake, plant ash, the multiple raw material timely and appropriate discovery such as biogas slurry and mineral fertilizer is added to 20；Spraying clear water, biogas slurry, mineral extracts leachate, collects the organic fertilizer obtaining different content；Organic fertilizer nutrient is comprehensive, easy-regulating, and fertilizer efficiency equalizes, and easily supplements, meets plant nutrient demand in the best fruiting period.

Soilless planting method the most according to claim 1, it is characterised in that the prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control: 1) utilize sunshade net fly net that vegetable is protected；The parasite killing such as frequency ventilating type insecticidal lamp are installed；Hanging yellow haftplatte in greenhouse, trap and kill trialeurodes vaporariorum, dive otitid in America, alatae；Also can manual removal；2) Biological control artificial propagation, release, introduce predator；It can in addition contain with Bacillus thuringiensis various polyhedrosis virus prevention and elimination of disease and pests；3) medical treatment is if desired, and tunable utilizes medical treatment.

6. can use Calx, sulfur, Bordeaux mixture preventing and treating vegetable multiple diseases；Can be with material preventing and treating vegetable fungal diseases such as the soft soap of suppression crop fungal disease, galenical, vinegar；Potassium permanganate is a kind of well antibacterial, can prevent and treat multiple diseases；Can use rotenone, the pyrethrin of plant origin with limitation, prosparol and kieselguhr carry out parasite killing；4) summer high temperature is utilized season booth to be carried out the cleaning of falling canopy, stifling stewing canopy.