CN105684818B - The Forest Tree Genetic Breeding method of southerm yew - Google Patents
The Forest Tree Genetic Breeding method of southerm yew Download PDFInfo
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- CN105684818B CN105684818B CN201610094132.4A CN201610094132A CN105684818B CN 105684818 B CN105684818 B CN 105684818B CN 201610094132 A CN201610094132 A CN 201610094132A CN 105684818 B CN105684818 B CN 105684818B
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- southerm yew
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- zymotic fluid
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Classifications
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G17/00—Cultivation of hops, vines, fruit trees, or like trees
- A01G17/005—Cultivation methods
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G9/00—Cultivation in receptacles, forcing-frames or greenhouses; Edging for beds, lawn or the like
- A01G9/02—Receptacles, e.g. flower-pots or boxes; Glasses for cultivating flowers
- A01G9/029—Receptacles for seedlings
- A01G9/0299—Handling or transporting of soil blocks or seedlings
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01H—NEW PLANTS OR NON-TRANSGENIC PROCESSES FOR OBTAINING THEM; PLANT REPRODUCTION BY TISSUE CULTURE TECHNIQUES
- A01H1/00—Processes for modifying genotypes ; Plants characterised by associated natural traits
- A01H1/02—Methods or apparatus for hybridisation; Artificial pollination ; Fertility
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05B—PHOSPHATIC FERTILISERS
- C05B7/00—Fertilisers based essentially on alkali or ammonium orthophosphates
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of Forest Tree Genetic Breeding methods of southerm yew, include the following steps：Pollen collection, pollination, fertilising, fruiting, sand storage, sowing, transplanting.The method of the present invention solves the problems, such as that the asynchronous breeding that causes to pollinate of Taxus plant inter-species florescence is difficult, simple and easy to do, and a large amount of production practices are carried out by the way of spraying.The present invention has a extensive future for the deep development of southerm yew platymiscium resource and extensively using having important and far-reaching meaning.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the Forest Tree Genetic Breeding methods of plant, and in particular to the Forest Tree Genetic Breeding side of southerm yew
Method belongs to the technical field of xylophyta breed breeding.
Background technology
Forest Tree Genetic Breeding refers generally to following research：Forest genetics, forest-tree various trait is in group, individual, thin
Born of the same parents and the hereditary variation rule on molecular level and evolutionary mechanism, for the genetic improvement of the preservation of the forest reserves, operation and forest
It provides fundamental basis.Woody energy, the strategy and program of forest tree improvement formulate breeding system, introduce a fine variety, is selection and use, miscellaneous
Hand over breeding（Including yield, quality, resistance and adaptability breeding etc.）Theoretical and method and high quality tree species breeding approach and side
Method.Forestry biomass technology loses forest using biotechnologys such as genetic engineering, cell engineering, Fermentation Engineering and enzyme engineerings
It passes improvement or high quality tree species is efficiently bred.Forest Tree Genetic Breeding all has the exploitation of plant variety and utilization and extention
Very important meaning.
Southerm yew, aiphyllium, bark light gray, lobe strip thin slice；Perula top is blunt or slightly sharp, fall off or
Part is harbored in sprig base portion.Leaf 2 arranges, close sickle-shaped, 1.5~4.5 centimetres long, agalasisa brilliance matter protrusion on the middle arteries band of the back side,
Or have fragmentary distribution sometimes, or the middle arteries both sides neighbouring with stomatal band have 1 to several mamillary cutin protrusions, color and stomatal band
Difference, light green, edge-band width and it is apparent.Seed falls oval or column long avette, 7~8 millimeters long, usually upper wider, raw
In red meat cup-shaped aril.Seed can extract oil；Bark contains tannin；Timber is for effect material.There is cultivation in Nanjing and Shanghai
Training；It, also can cuttage with seminal propagation.It is distributed in each provinces and regions and Henan and Shaanxi on the south the Yangtze river basin.Country-level emphasis is protected
Protect wild plant.Southerm yew is Subtropical China one of to warm temperate zone endemic element, is often distributed in broad-leaf forest.Resistance to shade
Seeds, like the weather of warm and moist, are usually grown at the more humidity of foot of the hill innerland.Naturally 1000 meters of height above sea level or 1500 are grown in
In the abundant acid soil of rice mountain valley below, small stream side, gentle slope humus, it is desirable that the higher yellow earth of fertility, yellowish soil are neutral
Soil, calcium soil can also be grown.It is drought-resistant barren, intolerant to low-lying ponding.It is stronger to climatic adaptation power, year 11~16 DEG C of samming, most
Reachable -11 DEG C of low extreme value.With stronger rudiment ability, common rudiment sprig on trunk, but grow slower.It is seldom ill
Insect pest, long lifespan.Southerm yew is country-level Top-rated protected wild plants, is Valuable Rare Trees.Point in Guizhou Province
Though cloth area is relatively wide, this kind population quantity in its distributed area is rare, if not being protected, there is the danger in state of gradually endangering.
Southerm yew belongs to birds feeding band more and propagates, therefore disperses very much, is fragmentary.In beautiful color since material is good, destruction is even more serious,
Currently above all stopping the destruction to existing resource, while reinforcing breeding process, be cited as flower garden ornamental tree species, expands cultivation,
Achieve the purpose that preserve species.
Chinese yew genus plants, dioecism, male cone are singly born in axil, and the ovule list of female cone is born in the life of floral axis upper side
The top of short axle, base portion have discoid aril, aril cup-shaped red.This category seeds are shallow rooted plant, and main root is unknown
Aobvious, lateral root prosperity, shade tolerance is strong, and resistance to trimming is resisted cold, resistance to pest and disease damage, and slow-growing in wildwood, distribution is scattered about like the stars, wild tree
Wood is increasingly reduced, and is generally acknowledged in the world endangered natural rare plants for anticancer.Due to Chinese yew genus plants it is not of the same race it
Between male flower florescence it is different, and the male and female plant florescence of Chinese yew of the same race is asynchronous, causes pollination difficult, has seriously affected Chinese yew
The crossbreeding process of platymiscium.
Invention content
The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a kind of Forest Tree Genetic Breedings of southerm yew, solve Taxus
The plant inter-species florescence asynchronous problem for leading to pollination breeding difficulty.
In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides the Forest Tree Genetic Breeding methods of southerm yew, including walk as follows
Suddenly：
（1）Pollen collection：In 2 months, Taxus x media is acquired（Taxus × media）Staminiferous plant pollen, it is natural
Dry, after rejecting impurity, it is spare to be respectively placed in the 4 DEG C of refrigerations of EP pipes, and keeps drying；
（2）Pollination：To March, southerm yew female plant enters the guttation phase, takes out the pollen of storage, it is small to be placed at room temperature for one
When make its restore room temperature；According to pollen：Ultra-pure water=1:1000 weight ratio is configured to pollen liquid, by Taxus x media
Pollen pollination southerm yew female plant, is sprayed female plant, was sprayed once using watering can every four days, pollinated 3 times altogether；Single plant processing can
Pollen smearing guttation phase female flower is stained with using sterilized cotton swabs to pollinate；All pollination plant carry out plant division isolation to prevent after pollination
The interference of foreign pollen.
（3）Fertilising：After pollination, fertilising is 1 according to nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium ratio:3:1, spray 3 foliar fertilizers；
（4）Fruiting：Spray nutritious liquor after fruiting, nutrient composition are：N200mg/L, P33mg/L, K66mg/L, phosphate fertilizer
With NH4H2PO4Form is added, and potash fertilizer is with KNO3Form is added, nitrogenous fertilizer divided by NH4H2PO4And KNO3Form outer, not foot is added
Divide and uses（NH4）2SO4 Supplement.
Ensure plant nutrition supply；After seed maturity, different male parent pollination breeding kinds are acquired from maternal plant respectively
Son obtains purebred and cenospecies seed；
（5）Sand storage：By the seed soaked in cold water 6 days of acquisition, it is primary to change water daily, and the surface of the seed moisture dries in the air after seed soaking
It is dry, low temperature sand storage, by sand：Seed is 4:1 weight ratio carries out；
（6）Sowing：Spring, after the Seed sterilization of sand storage, with 280mg/L GA3+20mg/L 6-BA +30mg/L KT+
8mg/L ABT impregnate seed 24 hours, rear to sow, and obtain in vitro cuttings；
（7）Transplanting：It by vitro cuttings hardening 10~15 days, is then taken out, the culture medium of root is cleaned, by its root
Portion is immersed in 30min in complex microorganism preparations, promotes the growth of new root；
The complex microorganism preparations include the raw material of following weight proportion：Candida fermented liquid：Lichens gemma bar
Fermented liquid：Cellumomonas flavigena zymotic fluid：Bacillus foecalis alkaligenes zymotic fluid：Gibberellin：Activated carbon：Dipotassium hydrogen phosphate=4：2：
2：3：1：2：1；
The candidiasis is candidiasis（Candida utilis）ATCC No.22023;
The bacillus licheniformis is bacillus licheniformis（Bacilluslicheniformis）CGMCC NO.2276；
(referring to CN101215537A);
The Cellumomonas flavigena is Cellumomonas flavigena（cellulomonas flavigena）ATCC
No.482；
The Bacillus foecalis alkaligenes is Bacillus foecalis alkaligenes（Alcaligenes faecalis）ATCC 31555；
The preparation method of the complex microorganism preparations is：First by candidiasis, bacillus licheniformis, production yellowish fiber
Monad, Bacillus foecalis alkaligenes activate in a conventional manner respectively, then cultivate into bacterium solution viable count and reach 108A/gram acquisition
Zymotic fluid, by above-mentioned zymotic fluid according to mass ratio 4：2：2：3 mixing, according to weight proportion addition activated carbon, gibberellin and phosphorus
Sour hydrogen dipotassium to obtain the final product.
Survival rate reaches 97.3% after transplanting 30 days.
Cross breeding method of the present invention has the following advantages：
1, hybrid strain：
Plant hybridization breeding field, most important difference are that the different selections for each parent being directed to, selection are different
Parent must just carry out multiplicating experiment to the breeding method of specific cross combination, different original interspecific hybridization abortions are very
Height after hybridization, although there is higher fruit rate, also has seed, does not have embryo after detection inside seed inside fruit.Southern red bean
The China fir speed of growth is fast, content of taxol is low；The Taxus x media speed of growth is slow, and content of taxol is high.Chinese yew is that different flower is awarded
Powder plant.Southerm yew is hybridized with Taxus x media, obtains filial generation, it is made to have parents' advantage concurrently, it can be effective
It solves the problems, such as taxol pharmaceutical raw material shortage, and obtains the F1 generation seed germination rate of cross combination, fertile rate highest；
2, it is first pre-processed with cold water before lamination, since stratification is a slow water absorption course, is also simultaneously
One process for slowly converting and slowly germinateing, Seed sprouting is related to seed moisture proportion, and only seed-bearing moisture content is close
Or just start to sprout when reaching saturated aqueous rate, and reach containing when starting lamination with seed saturated aqueous rate required time
Water rate is related, and moisture content is lower before lamination, and water suction is slower, and the time for reaching saturated aqueous rate is longer, suitable for the time of vernalization
It also can be longer；Inventor is found through experiments that, seed is carried out soaked in cold water 6 days before lamination, and it is primary to change water daily, will after seed soaking
The surface of the seed moisture dries, low temperature sand storage, by sand：Seed is 4:1 weight ratio carries out, and after such pretreatment, can make
It obtains lamination and just reaches within two months or so saturation state, shorten germination time, and the pretreatment can increase field germination rate.
3, hormone kind and concentration play the role of highly significant to the growth and development of seed, due to Chinese yew genus plants seed
Difficulty is sprouted, the application is had found by many experiments, with 280mg/L GA3+20mg/L 6-BA +30mg/L KT+8mg/L
ABT impregnates seed 24 hours, rear to sow, and can significantly improve the germination percentage of hybrid seed, single factor experiment the result shows that, use
After the hormone impregnates, percentage of seedgermination improves 36.3%, and substantially reduces sprout time.
When 4, transplanting, the moderate concentration of gibberellin stimulates the stretching, extension of root cell vigorous, collocation candidiasis, lichens
Bacillus, Cellumomonas flavigena, Bacillus foecalis alkaligenes form a good microecosystem, rationally match between each strain
5, symbiosis is coordinated, and mutually antagonism, microorganism secretion root system regulator and ablastins can not take good care of the rotten mould root-rot of seedlings root infection
Disease, phytophthora root rot, bacillary root rot and the sprout term diseases such as base rot disease and damping-off, samping off, to effectively control seedling
Rotten phenomenon of dead seedling of phase, dipotassium hydrogen phosphate continually supply nutrition to root system, maintain the strong robust seedling impetus of seedling, greatly improve
The adaptability of plant improves entire survival rate.
Specific implementation mode
Embodiment 1
A kind of cross breeding method of Chinese yew, includes the following steps：
（1）Pollen collection：Determine southerm yew（Taxus wallichiana var. mairei）With the sub- red bean in graceful ground
China fir（Taxus × media）Male and female plant, and investigate the specific time at florescence.As a result, it has been found that the first flower of southerm yew male flower
Phase, the early flowering season of female flower was almost the same than early 10 days or more of Taxus x media；The guttation phase 2 of two kinds of Chinese yew female flower single flowers
It, left and right for 2 weeks of whole strain female flower guttation phase.Late Febuary acquires the pollen of the staminiferous plant of Taxus x media, spontaneously dries, picks
Except to be placed on the 4 DEG C of refrigerations of EP pipes spare for impurity, and keep drying.
（2）Pollination：From March 1, female flower guttation situation on southerm yew and Taxus x media female plant is observed, it is spontaneous
Existing female flower enters the guttation phase and starts the second day pollen for taking out storage, is placed at room temperature for one hour and makes its and restore room temperature；According to flower
Powder：Ultra-pure water=1：1000 proportional arrangement is at pollen liquid, by Taxus x media pollen pollination southerm yew female plant, spray
Female plant is applied, was sprayed once using watering can every four days, is pollinated 3 times altogether；Single plant processing can be used sterilized cotton swabs be stained with pollen smearing spit
Water phase female flower is pollinated；All pollination plant carry out plant division isolation to prevent the interference of foreign pollen after pollination.
（3）Fertilising：After pollination, fertilising is 1 according to nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium ratio:3:1, spray 3 foliar fertilizers；
（4）Fruiting：Spray nutritious liquor after fruiting, nutrient composition are：N200mg/L, P33mg/L, K66mg/L, phosphate fertilizer
With NH4H2PO4Form is added, and potash fertilizer is with KNO3Form is added, nitrogenous fertilizer divided by NH4H2PO4And KNO3Form outer, not foot is added
Divide and uses（NH4）2SO4 Supplement.
Ensure plant nutrition supply；After seed maturity, hybrid seed is acquired
5）Sand storage：By the seed soaked in cold water 6 days of acquisition, it is primary to change water daily, dries the surface of the seed moisture after seed soaking,
Low temperature sand storage, by sand：Seed is 4:1 weight ratio carries out；
（6）Sowing：Spring, after the Seed sterilization of sand storage, with 280mg/L GA3+20mg/L 6-BA +30mg/L KT+
8mg/L ABT impregnate seed 24 hours, rear to sow, and obtain in vitro cuttings；
（7）Transplanting：It by vitro cuttings hardening 10~15 days, is then taken out, the culture medium of root is cleaned, by its root
Portion is immersed in 30min in complex microorganism preparations, promotes the growth of southerm yew plant new root；
The complex microorganism preparations include the raw material of following weight proportion：Candida fermented liquid：Lichens gemma bar
Fermented liquid：Cellumomonas flavigena zymotic fluid：Bacillus foecalis alkaligenes zymotic fluid：Gibberellin：Activated carbon：Dipotassium hydrogen phosphate=4：2：
2：3：1：2：1；
The candidiasis is candidiasis（Candida utilis）ATCC No.22023;
The bacillus licheniformis is bacillus licheniformis（Bacilluslicheniformis）CGMCC NO.2276；
(referring to CN101215537A);
The Cellumomonas flavigena is Cellumomonas flavigena（cellulomonas flavigena）ATCC
No.482；
The Bacillus foecalis alkaligenes is Bacillus foecalis alkaligenes（Alcaligenes faecalis）ATCC 31555；
The preparation method of the complex microorganism preparations is：First by candidiasis, bacillus licheniformis, production yellowish fiber
Monad, Bacillus foecalis alkaligenes activate in a conventional manner respectively, then cultivate into bacterium solution viable count and reach 108A/gram acquisition
Zymotic fluid, by above-mentioned zymotic fluid according to mass ratio 4：2：2：3 mixing, according to weight proportion addition activated carbon, gibberellin and phosphorus
Sour hydrogen dipotassium to obtain the final product.
Survival rate reaches 97.3% after transplanting 30 days, and all to survive plant equal winter cold-resistant；
The southerm yew plant obtained through the method for the present invention, growing way is strong, disease-resistant, can pass the winter safely, effectively solves
The vacancy of Chinese yew market resource, has broad application prospects.
According to the Chinese yew that the method for the present invention is cultivated, growth cycle is fast, and branches and leaves can be harvested at 2 years or so for carrying
Take taxol.
Although above the present invention is described in detail with a general description of the specific embodiments,
On the basis of the present invention, it can be made some modifications or improvements, or the seeds except case study on implementation implement this method, this is to this
It is obvious for field technology personnel.Therefore, these modifications made without departing from theon the basis of the spirit of the present invention, change
Into or range expansion, belong to the scope of protection of present invention.
Claims (3)
1. the Forest Tree Genetic Breeding method of southerm yew, described method includes following steps：
（1）Acquire pollen：The pollen of the staminiferous plant of Taxus x media is acquired, is spontaneously dried, after rejecting impurity, is placed in 4 DEG C of EP pipes
It refrigerates spare, and keeps drying；
（2）Pollination：Take out step（1）The pollen of preparation, being placed at room temperature for one hour makes it restore room temperature；According to pollen：Ultra-pure water=
1：1000 weight ratio is configured to pollen liquid, by Taxus x media pollen pollination southerm yew female plant, every four angels
It is sprayed once with watering can, is pollinated 3 times altogether；
（3）Fertilising：After pollination, the weight ratio according to nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium is 1:3:1, spray 3 foliar fertilizers；
（4）Fruiting：Spray nutritious liquor after fruiting, nutrient composition are：N200mg/L, P33mg/L, K66mg/L, phosphate fertilizer with
NH4H2PO4Form is added, and potash fertilizer is with KNO3Form is added, nitrogenous fertilizer divided by NH4H2PO4And KNO3Form outer, insufficient section is added
With（NH4）2SO4 Supplement；After seed maturity, seed is acquired；
（5）Sand storage：By the seed soaked in cold water 6 days of acquisition, it is primary to change water daily, dries the surface of the seed moisture after seed soaking, low
Warm sand storage, by sand：Seed is 4:1 weight ratio carries out；
（6）Sowing：Spring, after the Seed sterilization of sand storage, with 280mg/L GA3+20mg/L 6-BA +30mg/L KT+8mg/L
ABT impregnates seed 24 hours, rear to sow, and obtains in vitro cuttings；
（7）Transplanting：It by vitro cuttings hardening 10~15 days, is then taken out, cleans the culture medium of root, its root is soaked
Bubble 30min in complex microorganism preparations, promotes the growth of southerm yew plant new root；
The complex microorganism preparations include the raw material of following weight proportion：Candida fermented liquid：Bacillus licheniformis sends out
Zymotic fluid：Cellumomonas flavigena zymotic fluid：Bacillus foecalis alkaligenes zymotic fluid：Gibberellin：Activated carbon：Dipotassium hydrogen phosphate=4：2：2：3：
1：2：1；
The candidiasis is candidiasis（Candida utilis）ATCC No.22023;
The bacillus licheniformis is bacillus licheniformis（Bacilluslicheniformis）CGMCC NO.2276；
The Cellumomonas flavigena is Cellumomonas flavigena（cellulomonas flavigena）ATCC No.482；
The Bacillus foecalis alkaligenes is Bacillus foecalis alkaligenes（Alcaligenes faecalis）ATCC 31555.
2. according to the method described in claim 1, it is characterized in that, the preparation method of the complex microorganism preparations is：First
Candidiasis, bacillus licheniformis, Cellumomonas flavigena, Bacillus foecalis alkaligenes are activated in a conventional manner respectively, then
Culture to viable count in bacterium solution reaches 108A/gram acquisition zymotic fluid, by above-mentioned zymotic fluid, activated carbon, gibberellin and phosphoric acid hydrogen two
Potassium is mixed according to weight proportion to obtain the final product.
3. method as claimed in claim 1 or 2 is used for the application of southerm yew breeding.
Priority Applications (1)
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| CN100384317C (en) * | 2005-10-28 | 2008-04-30 | 林敏� | Method for planting southerm yew |
| CN103798000A (en) * | 2012-11-09 | 2014-05-21 | 李忠久 | Taxus mairei planting method |
| CN103477974B (en) * | 2013-10-09 | 2016-01-13 | 四川地珍生物生态科技有限公司 | A kind of method promoting Taxus x media to bear fruit |
| CN103563638A (en) * | 2013-11-15 | 2014-02-12 | 黄山市黟县环宇农业科技有限责任公司 | Taxus chinensis var mairei artificial propagation technology |
| CN104663349B (en) * | 2015-02-13 | 2017-03-01 | 李宁宇 | A kind of Taxus baccata is in the implantation methods in Zhejiang Province, China area |
| CN104620934B (en) * | 2015-03-04 | 2017-04-05 | 金埔园林股份有限公司 | A kind of tree transplanted method of Luan Shu |
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