CN102919018A - Cultivation method for high-quality oil-tea large seedlings - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention discloses a cultivation method for high-quality oil-tea large seedlings and relates to the technical field of plant seedling cultivation. A cultivation process includes preparation of seed development soil, sowing, preparation of large seedling cultivation soil, transplanting, grafting and management. Cultivated oil-tea large seedlings have the advantages that the survival rate of the transplanting is high, the production period is short, the yield is high, the quality is good, and the like; and simultaneously, batch cultivation is facilitated. The cultivation method can be used for cultivating oil-tea large seedlings and large seedlings of other plants.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the botanical seedling culturing technical field, particularly a kind of breeding method of high-quality oil tea seedlings.
Background technology
Oil tea is the distinctive economic crops of China, is also one of the whole world four large woody oleiferous plants crops.At present, the camellia oleifera lam of China is mostly low production forest, needs a large amount of high-quality saplings to improve the oil tea low production forest.Breeding of existing oil tea seedling, mostly adopt the mode of grafting, and the time is short, cultivates easy.But, because seedling stage is short, the seedling bar is short and small, after transplanting, exist that survival rate is low, growth waits deficiency slowly.
Summary of the invention
The object of the present invention is to provide that a kind of transplanting survival rate is high, the output cycle is short, be easy to cultivate in batches and output is high, the breeding method of the oil tea seedling of quality better.
For solving the problems of the technologies described above, the technical solution used in the present invention is the breeding method of a kind of high-quality oil tea seedlings of invention, and its cultivating process is as follows:
(i), the preparation of seed development soil: get by weight following raw material:
Mellow soil 40-50 mineral salt 1-2 rice-straw ash 20-30
River sand 10-15 peroxidase 0.1-1.0
Wood chip 10-15 polyphenol oxidase 0.01-0.5, standby;
A, standby rice-straw ash, wood chip are crossed to the 60-120 mesh sieve, river sand is crossed the 20-60 mesh sieve, becomes standby rice-straw ash, standby wood chip and standby river sand;
B, by the standby river sand of standby rice-straw ash, standby wood chip, 10-15% weight, the mellow soil of 20-35% weight, mix, become seed development soil;
C, the mellow soil of remaining 65-80% weight, peroxidase, polyphenol oxidase and mineral salt are mixed, become standby soil;
(ii), sowing:
D, reserved Seed of Camellia oleifera is put into to the limewash that concentration is 10-35%, soak 2-6h, then clean with clear water, dry or dry in the shade, become standby seed;
E, standby seed is pressed to 1-5kg/m
2Amount, evenly be sprinkled in seed development soil, more evenly cover the standby river sand of remaining 85-90% weight, then, standby soil in covering, compacting;
F, treat that plumule elevates above the soil, while growing to 5-15cm, can be transplanted;
When G, lifting, the maintenance root length is 2-5.4cm, and the earth weight of the adhesive tape 10-15 that is seedling weight doubly, becomes seedling to be transplanted, standby;
(iii), the preparation of big seedling cultivation soil: get by weight following raw material:
Microorganism species 0.5-2.0 organic acid 1.0-2.6 mellow soil 30-60
The Chinese medicine dreg powder 10-25 soil property fine sand 5-10 discarded object 3-10 of farmers'
Calcium 0.01-0.04 iron 0.05-0.1 selenium 0.01-0.03 phosphorus 0.06-0.1
Copper 0.02-0.12 potassium 0.01-0.06 zinc 0.02-0.08, standby;
H, the Chinese medicine dreg powder by standby, farmers''s discarded object, microorganism species mix, and become mixed material, are layered on the soil of waiting for the plantation seedlings, and thickness is 4-16cm; Then, more standby soil property fine sand is evenly spread to the surface that is layered on mixed material, thickness is 1-5cm, and water irrigates, and keeps 10-26 days, becomes big seedling cultivation soil;
I, the mellow soil by standby, calcium, iron, selenium, phosphorus, copper, potassium, zinc, organic acid mix, and become standby blinding;
(iv), transplant:
J, standby seedling to be transplanted is implanted in big seedling cultivation soil, the degree of depth of implantation is 2-8cm, and spacing is 0.1-0.5m, and line-spacing is 0.5-0.8m, then covers standby blinding, compacting, and the water pouring, the consumption of water is 0.1-1.2kg/m
2Then, cover the film booth, keeping the temperature in canopy is 15-45 ℃, and humidity is 40-70, keeps 1-3 month, treats that growth of seedling situation is stable, then throws off the film booth, becomes the preliminary election sapling, standby;
K, to the preliminary election sapling, once, the soil of loose surface layer, be sprinkled into farmyard manure for, fertilising loose every 15-30 days, fertilizing amount is the 0.1-0.8kg/ strain; When the preliminary election sapling is cultivated 1-2, become sapling to be grafted;
(v), grafting: L, scion are chosen: in existing camellia oleifera lam as a result, selecting the gradient is 30
°Left and right, the annual tea oil tree branch that heliotropism is good, the fruit grain is full, oil productivity is high, as scionwood;
M, stock are chosen: in the preliminary election sapling, select growth situation good, without damage by disease and insect, highly be 20-60cm, leading thread more than 3.5cm, have the preliminary election sapling that 1-3 cuts cotyledon, as stock, set;
N, cut fringe: on scionwood, choose the full position of terminal bud, under its petiole, 2-3.5cm cuts at place disconnectedly, cuts the long 0.5-3.5cm of section, becomes scion;
O, cut anvil: above the cotyledon petiole on the stock tree, 2-4cm place indulges face and cuts disconnectedly, and length is 1-2.5cm, and the degree of depth is 0.5-2.0cm, becomes the anvil mouth;
The binding of P, embedding fringe: scion is embedded to the anvil mouth, aim at and form layer, appearance is with earth around interface one circle, and thickness is 0.5-1.5cm, then film covers earth around a circle, then, with the thin aluminum top cover, clutches, and becomes the grafting sapling;
(vi), management:
After Q, grafting, at grafting sapling place, build the shed of 1.5-3.0m, cover film, then add a cover sunshade net, the maintenance light transmittance is 40-60%, and the temperature in canopy is 20-40 ℃, and humidity is 30-70%; Simultaneously, every 5-10 days, water, apply fertilizer once, and in time weeding, except sprouting and the interface nursing; After 1-3 month, can throw off booth, after the 1-2 that grows, become branded oil tea seedlings.
From sapling to be grafted, choose cold-resistant, antiviral, growth situation is good, highly be the sapling of 0.5-1.5m, directly carry out mountain planting; After 1-3, according to result quantities, the height of tree or diameter, preferably the seed of this tree, as the seed of preparation, repeats above-mentioned steps, can cultivate the oil tea seedlings of high-quality.
Described mineral salt are one or more in sulphate, phosphate, carbonate, when surpassing when a kind of, the ratio of each component is single-candidate or other ratio.
Described microorganism species is a kind of in careless bacillus, Klebsiella, enterobacter cloacae, saccharomycete, potassium solubilizing bacteria, Xanthomonas campestris, nitrogen-fixing rhizobia, phosphate solubilizing bacteria or two or more or all, when adopting two or more or all the time, the proportioning of each component is single-candidate, or other ratio.
Described organic acid is one or more in fatty acid, malic acid, oxalic acid, when surpassing when a kind of, the ratio of each component is single-candidate or other ratio.
Described Chinese medicine dreg powder is one or more dregs of a decoction after extracting in mulberry leaf, centella, Echinacea, the Radix Astragali, glossy ganoderma, the root of herbaceous peony, Momordica grosvenori, and crushed after being dried forms; When surpassing when a kind of, the ratio of each component is single-candidate or other ratio.
Described farmers' discarded object is one or more in ight soil, discarded stalk, pericarp, when surpassing when a kind of, the ratio of each component is single-candidate or other ratio.
The breeding method of high-quality oil tea seedlings of the present invention, adopt the mode of two-section growing seedlings, from the preparation of the soil of growing seedlings, start with, make respectively the seed development soil and the big seedling cultivation soil that are applicable to Seed of Camellia oleifera seedling and the growth of oil tea seedlings, and allow Seed of Camellia oleifera seedling and oil tea transplanted seedling growing in seed development soil and big seedling cultivation soil respectively.Seed development soil be take mellow soil, rice-straw ash, river sand and wood chip as main, and soil property is soft, ventilative, is suitable for seed development; The peroxidase added, can remove in soil the material harmful to the seed seedling; The polyphenol oxidase added, can activate the biologically active in Seed of Camellia oleifera seedling body; Thereby, make the Seed of Camellia oleifera seedling in seed development soil, grown up healthy and sound, and obtained strong constitution.Big seedling cultivation soil be take mellow soil, farmers''s discarded object, organic acid and Chinese medicine dreg powder as main, and fertile soil, be equipped with the soil property fine sand, increases its gas permeability; Be aided with microorganism species, farmers''s discarded object and Chinese medicine dreg powder can be resolved into to organic matter, and can decompose phosphorus, potassium element in soil, culture fertility; The calcium, iron, selenium, phosphorus, copper, potassium and the zinc element that add, for the growth of oil tea seedlings provides middle trace element; Therefore, the oil tea seedlings of cultivating, its transplanting survival rate is higher; Simultaneously, because the oil tea seedlings are longer vegetative period, thereby can try in the 2nd year really after transplanting, therefore the output cycle is shorter; In addition, breeding method is fairly simple, and is all in outdoor production, so, be easy to cultivate in batches.
Apply the breeding method of high-quality oil tea seedlings of the present invention, the oil tea seedlings of cultivation, once Lingling District and the Lengshuitan District at Yongzhou City, Hubei Province carried out the plantation comparative trial, and following table is the experimental control data:
(annotate: in upper table, the test camellia oleifera lam in same district is substantially approaching with the land occupation condition that contrasts camellia oleifera lam, soil, liquid manure, blockclimate etc., seedling is same kind, the oil tea seedlings of test camellia oleifera lam adopt method of the present invention to cultivate, the oil tea seedlings of contrast camellia oleifera lam adopt conventional method to cultivate, and the construction of camellia oleifera lam adopts identical conventional method).
As can be seen from the above table, apply the oil tea seedlings that the breeding method of high-quality oil tea seedlings of the present invention is cultivated, the output after plantation is apparently higher than the oil tea seedlings that adopt conventional method to cultivate.
In addition, each tests camellia oleifera lam and contrasts the tea oil that camellia oleifera lam produces with each, and its Main Ingredients and Appearance content sees the following form:
Containing also finding out scale, apply the oil tea seedlings that the breeding method of high-quality oil tea seedlings of the present invention is cultivated from above-mentioned Main Ingredients and Appearance, the tea oil produced after plantation, its useful composition is apparently higher than the oil tea seedlings that adopt conventional method to cultivate.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with embodiment, the present invention is described further.Following explanation is the mode exemplified, but protection scope of the present invention is not limited to this.
Embodiment mono-:
The breeding method of the high-quality oil tea seedlings of the present embodiment, its cultivating process is as follows:
(i), the preparation of seed development soil: get by weight following raw material:
25 parts of 1.5 parts of rice-straw ashes of 45 parts of mineral salt of mellow soil
0.5 part of 12 parts of peroxidase of river sand
0.2 part of 12 parts of polyphenol oxidase of wood chip, standby;
Mineral salt used are to be mixed by the calcium sulphate of single-candidate, calcium phosphate and calcium carbonate.
A, standby rice-straw ash, wood chip are crossed to 90 mesh sieves, river sand is crossed 40 mesh sieves, becomes standby rice-straw ash, standby wood chip and standby river sand;
B, by the standby river sand of standby rice-straw ash, standby wood chip, 1.5 parts of weight, the mellow soil of 13.5 parts of weight, mix, become seed development soil;
C, the mellow soil of remaining 31.5 parts of weight, peroxidase, polyphenol oxidase and mineral salt are mixed, become standby soil;
(ii), sowing: the sowing time was typically chosen in before and after May;
D, from reserved Seed of Camellia oleifera, filter out particle large, full, without going rotten and without the Seed of Camellia oleifera of damage by disease and insect, put into the limewash that concentration is 25%, soak 4h, with clear water, clean again, on outdoor smooth ground, surround the upper thick sand of 6cm of pad in Mian，Wang railway carriage or compartment, the wide railway carriage or compartment of 1.5m with bamboo pole or fragment of brick, press 4kg/m
2Amount seed evenly is sprinkled into above sand, temperature, 20 ℃ of left and right, is dried; Or, in the above-mentioned same procedure of indoor employing, dried in the shade, become standby seed;
E, the soil that is first seedling culture by work done in the manner of a certain author, carry out whole ground, loose, and depth of turning soil is 10cm, the kind seedbed that to be made into long 10m, wide 1.6m, spacing after 6-15 days be 0.5m, the upper layer of soil in small, broken bits kind of seedbed, then seed development soil is covered, cladding thickness is 5-6 ㎝; Then, standby seed is pressed to 3kg/m
2Amount, evenly be sprinkled in seed development soil, more evenly cover the standby river sand of remaining 10.5 parts of weight, then, standby soil in covering, compacting;
F, treat that plumule elevates above the soil, while growing to 5-15cm, select robust growth, without the elite plant of damage by disease and insect, can be transplanted;
When G, lifting, the maintenance root length is 2-5.4cm, and the earth weight of the adhesive tape 10-15 that is seedling weight doubly, becomes seedling to be transplanted, standby;
(iii), the preparation of big seedling cultivation soil: get by weight following raw material:
Microorganism species 1.2 organic acid 2 mellow soil 45
Chinese medicine dreg powder 20 soil property fine sand 8 farmers''s discarded objects 6
Calcium 0.02 iron 0.08 selenium 0.02 phosphorus 0.08
Copper 0.08 potassium 0.04 zinc 0.05, standby;
Microorganism species used is that careless bacillus, Klebsiella, enterobacter cloacae, saccharomycete, potassium solubilizing bacteria, Xanthomonas campestris, nitrogen-fixing rhizobia, the phosphate solubilizing bacteria by single-candidate mixes.
Organic acid used is to be mixed by the fatty acid of single-candidate, malic acid, oxalic acid.
Chinese medicine dreg powder used is by mulberry leaf, centella, Echinacea, the Radix Astragali, glossy ganoderma, the root of herbaceous peony, the dregs of a decoction of Momordica grosvenori after extracting, crushed after being dried, and single-candidate is formulated.
Farmers''s discarded object used is to be mixed by the ight soil of single-candidate, discarded stalk, pericarp.
H, the Chinese medicine dreg powder by standby, farmers''s discarded object, microorganism species mix, and become mixed material, are layered on the soil of waiting for the plantation seedlings, and thickness is 10cm; Then, more standby soil property fine sand is evenly spread to the surface that is layered on mixed material, thickness is 3cm, and water irrigates, and keeps 20 days, becomes big seedling cultivation soil;
I, the mellow soil by standby, calcium, iron, selenium, phosphorus, copper, potassium, zinc, organic acid mix, and become standby blinding;
(iv), transplant: transplanting time is typically chosen in 2-3 month;
J, standby seedling to be transplanted is implanted in big seedling cultivation soil, the degree of depth of implantation is 5cm, and spacing is that 0.3m, line-spacing are 0.6m, then covers standby blinding, compacting, and the water pouring, the consumption of water is 0.7kg/m
2Then, cover the film booth, keeping the temperature in canopy is 15-45 ℃, and humidity is 40-70, keeps 2 months, treats that growth of seedling situation is stable, then throws off the film booth, becomes the preliminary election sapling, standby;
K, to the preliminary election sapling, once, the soil of loose surface layer, be sprinkled into farmyard manure for, fertilising loose every 20 days, fertilizing amount is the 0.5kg/ strain; When the preliminary election sapling is cultivated 1-2, become sapling to be grafted;
(v), grafting: grafting time is typically chosen in June;
L, scion are chosen: in existing camellia oleifera lam as a result, according to land occupation conditions such as the weather of growing, height above sea level, soil, selecting the gradient is 30
°Left and right, heliotropism is good, the fruit grain is full, high yield, annual tea oil tree branch that oil productivity is high, as scionwood;
M, stock are chosen: in the preliminary election sapling, select growth situation good, without damage by disease and insect, highly be 20-60cm, leading thread more than 3.5cm, have the preliminary election sapling that 1-3 cuts cotyledon, as stock, set;
N, cut fringe: on scionwood, choose the full position of terminal bud, under its petiole, 2-3.5cm cuts at place disconnectedly, cuts the long 0.5-3.5cm of section, becomes scion;
O, cut anvil: above the cotyledon petiole on the stock tree, 2-4cm place indulges face and cuts disconnectedly, and length is 1-2.5cm, and the degree of depth is 0.5-2.0cm, becomes the anvil mouth;
The binding of P, embedding fringe: scion is embedded to the anvil mouth, aim at and form layer, appearance is with earth around interface one circle, and thickness is 0.5-1.5cm, then film covers earth around a circle, then, with the thin aluminum top cover, clutches, and becomes the grafting sapling;
(vi), management:
After Q, grafting, at grafting sapling place, build the shed of 2.5m, cover film, then add a cover sunshade net, keeping light transmittance is 50%, and the temperature in canopy is 20-40 ℃, and humidity is 30-70%; Simultaneously, every 7 days, water, apply fertilizer once, and in time weeding, except sprouting and the interface nursing; After 2 months, can throw off booth, after the 1-2 that grows, become branded oil tea seedlings.
Embodiment bis-:
The present embodiment is on the basis of embodiment mono-, from sapling to be grafted, choose cold-resistant, antiviral, growth situation is good, highly be the sapling of 0.5-1.5m, directly carry out mountain planting; After 1-3, according to result quantities, the height of tree or diameter, preferably the seed of this tree, as the seed of preparation, repeats above-mentioned steps, can cultivate the oil tea seedlings of high-quality more.
The breeding method of high-quality oil tea seedlings of the present invention, both can be used for cultivating the oil tea seedlings, also can be used for the cultivation of other plant seedlings.
Claims (2)
1. the breeding method of high-quality oil tea seedlings is characterized in that cultivating process is as follows:
(i), the preparation of seed development soil: get by weight following raw material:
Mellow soil 40-50 mineral salt 1-2 rice-straw ash 20-30
River sand 10-15 peroxidase 0.1-1.0
Wood chip 10-15 polyphenol oxidase 0.01-0.5, standby;
A, standby rice-straw ash, wood chip are crossed to the 60-120 mesh sieve, river sand is crossed the 20-60 mesh sieve, becomes standby rice-straw ash, standby wood chip and standby river sand;
B, by the standby river sand of standby rice-straw ash, standby wood chip, 10-15% weight, the mellow soil of 20-35% weight, mix, become seed development soil;
C, the mellow soil of remaining 65-80% weight, peroxidase, polyphenol oxidase and mineral salt are mixed, become standby soil;
(ii), sowing:
D, reserved Seed of Camellia oleifera is put into to the limewash that concentration is 10-35%, soak 2-6h, then clean with clear water, dry or dry in the shade, become standby seed;
E, standby seed is pressed to 1-5kg/m
2Amount, evenly be sprinkled in seed development soil, more evenly cover the standby river sand of remaining 85-90% weight, then, standby soil in covering, compacting;
F, treat that plumule elevates above the soil, while growing to 5-15cm, can be transplanted;
When G, lifting, the maintenance root length is 2-5.4cm, and the earth weight of the adhesive tape 10-15 that is seedling weight doubly, becomes seedling to be transplanted, standby;
(iii), the preparation of big seedling cultivation soil: get by weight following raw material:
Microorganism species 0.5-2.0 organic acid 1.0-2.6 mellow soil 30-60
The Chinese medicine dreg powder 10-25 soil property fine sand 5-10 discarded object 3-10 of farmers'
Calcium 0.01-0.04 iron 0.05-0.1 selenium 0.01-0.03 phosphorus 0.06-0.1
Copper 0.02-0.12 potassium 0.01-0.06 zinc 0.02-0.08, standby;
H, the Chinese medicine dreg powder by standby, farmers''s discarded object, microorganism species mix, and become mixed material, are layered on the soil of waiting for the plantation seedlings, and thickness is 4-16cm; Then, more standby soil property fine sand is evenly spread to the surface that is layered on mixed material, thickness is 1-5cm, and water irrigates, and keeps 10-26 days, becomes big seedling cultivation soil;
I, the mellow soil by standby, calcium, iron, selenium, phosphorus, copper, potassium, zinc, organic acid mix, and become standby blinding;
(iv), transplant:
J, standby seedling to be transplanted is implanted in big seedling cultivation soil, the degree of depth of implantation is 2-8cm, and spacing is 0.1-0.5m, and line-spacing is 0.5-0.8m, then covers standby blinding, compacting, and the water pouring, the consumption of water is 0.1-1.2kg/m
2Then, cover the film booth, keeping the temperature in canopy is 15-45 ℃, and humidity is 40-70, keeps 1-3 month, treats that growth of seedling situation is stable, then throws off the film booth, becomes the preliminary election sapling, standby;
K, to the preliminary election sapling, once, the soil of loose surface layer, be sprinkled into farmyard manure for, fertilising loose every 15-30 days, fertilizing amount is the 0.1-0.8kg/ strain; When the preliminary election sapling is cultivated 1-2, become sapling to be grafted;
(v), grafting:
L, scion are chosen: in existing camellia oleifera lam as a result, selecting the gradient is 30
°Left and right, the annual tea oil tree branch that heliotropism is good, the fruit grain is full, oil productivity is high, as scionwood;
M, stock are chosen: in the preliminary election sapling, select growth situation good, without damage by disease and insect, highly be 20-60cm, leading thread more than 3.5cm, have the preliminary election sapling that 1-3 cuts cotyledon, as stock, set;
N, cut fringe: on scionwood, choose the full position of terminal bud, under its petiole, 2-3.5cm cuts at place disconnectedly, cuts the long 0.5-3.5cm of section, becomes scion;
O, cut anvil: above the cotyledon petiole on the stock tree, 2-4cm place indulges face and cuts disconnectedly, and length is 1-2.5cm, and the degree of depth is 0.5-2.0cm, becomes the anvil mouth;
The binding of P, embedding fringe: scion is embedded to the anvil mouth, aim at and form layer, appearance is with earth around interface one circle, and thickness is 0.5-1.5cm, then film covers earth around a circle, then, with the thin aluminum top cover, clutches, and becomes the grafting sapling;
(vi), management:
After Q, grafting, at grafting sapling place, build the shed of 1.5-3.0m, cover film, then add a cover sunshade net, the maintenance light transmittance is 40-60%, and the temperature in canopy is 20-40 ℃, and humidity is 30-70%; Simultaneously, every 5-10 days, water, apply fertilizer once, and in time weeding, except sprouting and the interface nursing; After 1-3 month, can throw off booth, after the 1-2 that grows, become branded oil tea seedlings.
2. the breeding method of high-quality oil tea seedlings according to claim 1 is characterized in that: from sapling to be grafted, choose cold-resistant, antiviral, growth situation is good, highly be the sapling of 0.5-1.5m, directly carry out mountain planting; After 1-3, according to result quantities, the height of tree or diameter, preferably the seed of this tree, as the seed of preparation, repeats above-mentioned steps, can cultivate the oil tea seedlings of high-quality.
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| CN109287362A (en) * | 2018-11-14 | 2019-02-01 | 湖南省银鑫油茶开发有限公司 | The Cultivate administration method of selenium-rich tea oil tree |
| CN109287361A (en) * | 2018-11-14 | 2019-02-01 | 湖南省银鑫油茶开发有限公司 | A kind of implantation methods of selenium-rich tea oil tree |
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| CN109302936A (en) * | 2018-11-14 | 2019-02-05 | 湖南省银鑫油茶开发有限公司 | Selenium-rich tea oil tree cultural method |
| CN109769552A (en) * | 2017-11-13 | 2019-05-21 | 湖南兴阳实业有限公司 | A kind of implantation methods of oil tea |
| CN113197009A (en) * | 2021-05-08 | 2021-08-03 | 广西韶龙百大合科技有限公司 | Pure black tea oil seedling cultivation method |
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| CN109287360A (en) * | 2018-11-14 | 2019-02-01 | 湖南省银鑫油茶开发有限公司 | A kind of Cultivate administration method of tea oil tree |
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