CN106258799A - The construction method of Cenxi switch oil tea family full-sibs progeny forest - Google Patents
The construction method of Cenxi switch oil tea family full-sibs progeny forest Download PDFInfo
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- CN106258799A CN106258799A CN201610660076.6A CN201610660076A CN106258799A CN 106258799 A CN106258799 A CN 106258799A CN 201610660076 A CN201610660076 A CN 201610660076A CN 106258799 A CN106258799 A CN 106258799A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G23/00—Forestry
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G17/00—Cultivation of hops, vines, fruit trees, or like trees
- A01G17/005—Cultivation methods
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/10—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in agriculture
- Y02A40/22—Improving land use; Improving water use or availability; Controlling erosion
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P60/00—Technologies relating to agriculture, livestock or agroalimentary industries
- Y02P60/40—Afforestation or reforestation
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Abstract
The invention discloses the construction method of a kind of Cenxi switch oil tea family full-sibs progeny forest, operation is managed including seed collecting nursery, planting by stock and standing forest, select to carry out seed collecting nursery by the Cenxi switch oil tea full sib superior families result strain of artificialpollination, afforest after obtaining suitable Cenxi switch oil tea container seedling, after afforestation and carry out soil of forest stands management and tree body management, when plant hat width reach 0.8 1.0m2Time start to regulate and control it and nourish and grow and reproductive growth, promote that standing forest blossoms and bears fruit and high and stable yield.The invention provides and have that the cycle is short, it is fast to go into operation; the construction method of the Cenxi switch oil tea family full-sibs progeny forest of effectiveness of operation high feature in early days; to the optimizing further of China's oil tea pattern of farming, oil tea genetic diversity conservation and oil tea advanced lines breed improvement with accelerate China oil tea high-quality and efficient Construction of raw material forest bases process, cultivate camellia oleiferaindustry new growth engines, and support poverty regional development, strengthen Ecological Civilization Construction and be respectively provided with important realistic meaning.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to Forest Cultivation technical field, be specifically related to a kind of Cenxi switch oil tea family full-sibs progeny forest
Construction method.
Background technology
Woody oleiferous plants industry is the conventional industries of China, is the benefited maximum industry of peasant, is also to provide healthy high-quality food
With the important sources of vegetable oil.In recent years, China's edible vegetable oil consumption figure sustainable growth, demand gap constantly expands, externally
Interdependency substantially rises, and security issues become increasingly urgent for edible vegetable oil.For accelerating woody oleiferous plants industry development, increase health energetically
Kind of high-quality edible plant oil supplies, and conscientiously safeguards country's grain and oil safety, and State Council has printed and distributed " woody about accelerating in December, 2014
The suggestion of oil plant industry development " (Office of the State Council sends out (2014) No. 68), development woody oleiferous plants industry is classified as the weight ensureing grain and oil safety
Behave is wanted to plan as a whole to dispose propelling.
Oil tea (Camellia olieferaAbel.) it is China distinctive woody edible oil material seeds, its major product oil
Oleum Camelliae is the quality plant edible oil that China is traditional, and great fame " soft gold, east olive oil in oil ", by FAO (Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nation)
It is classified as the health type non-polluted edible vegetable oil that emphasis is promoted.Since two thousand eight, country has put into effect a series of about promoting oil tea
The policies and measures of industry development, plan the development in an all-round way by camellia oleiferaindustry, strive that realizing Oleum Camelliae accounts for national edible to the year two thousand twenty
Vegetable oil component reaches more than 20%.In November, 2015, the State Administration of Forestry, the Ministry of Finance, office of poverty alleviation of State Council, State Development Bank
Research determines and combines to propose " to support the woody oleiferous plants industry developments such as poverty-stricken area oil tea Semen Juglandis with pooling of capital about integrating
Instruction ", energetically support poverty-stricken area development the woody oleiferous plants industry such as oil tea, Semen Juglandis, make great efforts increase the population below the poverty line income,
Promote that well-off society is built up in poverty-stricken area comprehensively.Advancing during camellia oleiferaindustry development in an all-round way, how scientific cultivation branded oil
Material woods resource, optimizes its Stand Growth and structure of output, reaches early rich high yield, is to speed up realizing the weight of camellia oleiferaindustry developing goal
Ensure.
Cenxi switch oil tea is the oil tea improved seeds of China's emphasis popularization by country's forest variety certification in 2002,
Strong adaptability, growth is fast, high and stable yield is good.Experimental study shows for many years: Cenxi switch oil tea full sib superior families
Having the advantages such as precocity fruiting, early high yield, economical character be excellent, the early yield of its filial generation standing forest is than the family woods of C. olelfera
Divide more than yield high three to four-fold, and the 3-4 entrance result Sheng phase can be shifted to an earlier date, be obviously improved the early stage effectiveness of operation of oil tea.Cause
This, accelerate Cenxi switch oil tea full sib superior families progeny forest construction, not only contribute to China's oil tea cropping pattern optimization, oil
The genetic diversity conservation of tea and oil tea advanced lines breed improvement, and build accelerating China's high-quality and efficient raw material forestbase of oil tea
If process, cultivation camellia oleiferaindustry new growth engines, support poverty regional development, reinforcement Ecological Civilization Construction are respectively provided with important
Realistic meaning.And there is presently no a kind of technology of appearance is the battalion for Cenxi switch oil tea full sib superior families progeny forest
Build, reach oil tea family standing forest precocity fruiting, early high yield, the relevant report of raising early maturity culture benefit purpose.
Summary of the invention
The invention provides a kind of for the purpose of improving oil tea early yield and benefit, have that the cycle is short, go into operation soon, in early days
The construction method of the Cenxi switch oil tea full sib superior families progeny forest of effectiveness of operation high feature.
In order to realize foregoing invention purpose, technical scheme is as follows:
The construction method of a kind of Cenxi switch oil tea family full-sibs progeny forest, including seed collecting nursery, planting by stock and standing forest pipe
Science and engineering sequence, selects to carry out seed collecting nursery by the Cenxi switch oil tea full sib superior families result strain of artificialpollination,
Afforest after suitable Cenxi switch oil tea container seedling, carry out soil of forest stands management and tree body management after afforestation in time, work as plant
Hat width reaches 0.8-1.0m2Time start to regulate and control it and nourish and grow and reproductive growth, promote that standing forest blossoms and bears fruit and high and stable yield；Main
Want operating procedure as follows:
(1) seed collecting nursery:
1. fruit harvesting: mid-October to 11 the first tenday period of a month, selects excellent by the Cenxi switch oil tea full sib of artificialpollination
Family result strain carries out fruit harvesting；
2. seed treatment: taking out seed after the fruit fine fisssure after gathering, then select full seed, without disease pest, simple grain weighs
Seed to more than 2g is laid in the germination bed equipped with accelerating germination medium and carries out accelerating germination；Germination bed is located at outdoor to the south without hydrops
Plot, keeps accelerating germination humidity of media；
3. seeding and seedling raising: until the seed embryo root length after conventional method accelerating germination to 0.5-1cm, takes out seed, is seeded in dress
Have in the container of seedling medium and carry out cultivation of container seedling, carry out conventional water and fertilizer management and the prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control of nursery stock seedling stage, it is thus achieved that
Cenxi switch oil tea container seedling；
(2) planting by stock:
1. plantation measures: select land occupation condition to be used for afforesting the most suitable for afforestationly；
2. the density of plantation determines: according to breediness and the afforestation land occupation condition of Cenxi switch oil tea full sib superior families, if
Put the rational density of plantation；
3. site preparation and fertilization: before planting 1-2 month, according to the rule of length × wide × be deeply 50-70cm × 50-70cm × 50-70cm
Lattice dig cave wholely, and use sufficient base manure；
4. container seedling is transplanted: before the tip is sprouted in the nursery stock spring, in the cloudy or little rainy day, select suitable transplanted seedling tree, digs cave whole
Center dig planting pit wider than container for plant growth, with the degree of depth, vertically Cenxi switch oil tea container seedling is put into planting pit, point 2-
3 times earthing is treaded, then covers one layer and loosen the soil, and covers with weeds around planting pit；
(3) standing forest management:
1. soil management: carry out the supporting technology management such as middle weeding, fertilizing soil, rush root renewal；
2. tree body management: the 1-2 month before the tip is sprouted in the plant spring and the 11-12 month of entrance relative dormant period, by pruning,
Control Seedling height and adjust the human intervention measure of tree management, cultivating high yield tree-like；
3. adjusting and controlling growth: when plant even crown diameter reaches 0.8m2Start time above the growth promoter of plant is regulated and controled, promote
Standing forest blossoms and bears fruit and high and stable yield.
Cenxi switch oil tea full sib superior families result strain described in above step (1) refers to use Cenxi switch oil tea
Superior clone is parent, by the full sib cenospecies produced after artificialpollination, the product chosen after family measures
Amount and Other Main Agronomic Characters all show the family full-sibs of excellence.
Accelerating germination medium described in above step (1) be effluent husky be 3: 2 formulated in mass ratio with fresh wood flour；Described
Accelerating germination humidity of media with the most agglomerating with holding, unclamp and i.e. dissipate for suitably.
Seedling medium described in above step (1) be yellow soil, coconut palm and calcium superphosphate be 6: 3: 1 or 7: 1 in mass ratio:
2 is formulated.
Described in above step (2) suitable for afforestationly for the slope of the gradient≤25 °, effective soil layer more than thickness 50cm, its soil
For loose subacidity red soil, yellow earth or yellowish soil without hydrops.
The rational density of plantation described in above step (2) refers to when gradient ＜ 10 °, seeding row spacing be 2.0m ×
2.5m, density is 133 plants/acre；When the gradient 10 °-15 °, seeding row spacing is 2.0m × 2.0m, and density is 167 plants/acre；In the gradient
When 16 °-25 °, seeding row spacing is 1.5m × 2.0m, and density is 222 plants/acre.
The raw material of the base manure described in above step (2) and mass ratio thereof are tobacco stick: tea bran: calcium superphosphate=5: 3: 2, base
Fertilizer first compost before use is used after within 60-90 days, becoming thoroughly decomposed again；The described method using sufficient base manure is often to spread manuer in holes to put base manure 5.0-
7.5kg。
Suitable nursery stock described in above step (2) is ground footpath more than 0.3cm, height of seedling 40-60cm, and main root is sturdy, side root is rich
Richness, has no mechanical damage and the Cenxi switch oil tea container seedling of pest and disease damage.
The method of the fertilizing soil described in above step (3) is annual before autumn and winter season to the spring, the tip was sprouted, afforestation
It is the decomposed manure of 2: 2: 1 mixed preparing in mass ratio that ground is uniformly sprinkled into by tobacco stick, paulownia bran and calcium superphosphate, every mu
Fertilising 250-350kg, then turns over and cultivates covering fertilizer, turns over and cultivates the degree of depth and be advisable to cut off the side root in 15-20cm depth bounds；Described
The method that root updates that promotees be to combine conventional middle weeding and cultivate coated with cutting off the plant side root tip of a root by deep-cutting, promote new root
Sprout.
Vine growth and development regulation and control described in above step (3) are the growth according to Cenxi switch oil tea and the spy that blossoms and bears fruit
Property, reach 0.8m at plant even crown diameter2Time above, regulating and controlling the growth promoter of standing forest, common regulation plant nutrition is raw
The long trait expression with reproductive growth；Described concrete regulation and control method is during plant bud differentiation, i.e. 5-6 month, Shi Yi
Secondary N, P2O5、K2O proportioning is the formula fertilizer of 1: 0.5: 1.5, every strain fertilising 0.4-0.65kg, carries out blade face spray in the florescence simultaneously
Executing 1-2 time, select the mixed liquor of potassium dihydrogen phosphate and boron to spray, mass concentration is respectively 0.2-0.3%.
The present invention has the advantage that and has the beneficial effect that:
1. the present invention with Cenxi switch Camellia Oleifera Clones make hybrid strain produce family full-sibs for breeding basis, have
Super close hybrid vigor, and economical character is excellent；The yield of the family full-sibs filial generation standing forest cultivated is than general C. olelfera
Family stand height three to four-fold more than, and can shift to an earlier date 3-4 enter result abound with the phase, can be obviously improved oil tea early stage manage
Benefit.
2. the present invention selected by excellent strain, on the spot with planting density control and adjusting and controlling growth, it is provided that a kind of with
For the purpose of improving oil tea early yield and benefit, cultivate and have that the cycle is short, it is fast to go into operation, the Cenxi of effectiveness of operation high feature in early days
The construction method of switch oil tea family full-sibs progeny forest, to accelerate China oil tea high-quality and efficient Construction of raw material forest bases process,
Cultivate camellia oleiferaindustry new growth engines, and support poverty regional development, reinforcement Ecological Civilization Construction are respectively provided with important
Realistic meaning.
3. the technology of the present invention is ripe, method is simple, workable, it is easy to promote, and effect is obvious, and to optimizing, China is current
The pattern of farming of Camellia Oleifera Clones forestry, the genetic diversity conservation of oil tea and oil tea advanced lines breed improvement have positive rush
Enter effect, there are preferable economic benefit, social benefit and ecological benefits.
Detailed description of the invention
Below in conjunction with specific embodiment, the invention will be further described.
Embodiment 1:
In mid-October, 2007, select to be carried out by the Cenxi switch oil tea full sib superior families result strain of artificialpollination
Fruit harvesting.Described Cenxi switch oil tea full sib superior families result strain is that employing Cenxi switch Camellia Oleifera Clones is
Parent, by the full sib cenospecies produced after artificialpollination, the yield chosen after family measures and Main Agronomic
Character all shows the family full-sibs of excellence.Take out seed after fruit fine fisssure after gathering, then select full seed, anosis
Worm, it is 3: 2 formulated urging in mass ratio that Single seed weight reach the seed of more than 2g to be laid in equipped with the husky and fresh wood flour of effluent
The germination bed of bud medium carries out accelerating germination；Germination bed is located at the outdoor plot to the south without hydrops, holding accelerating germination humidity of media with
Hold the most agglomerating, unclamp and i.e. dissipate for suitably.
Until the seed embryo root length after conventional method accelerating germination to 0.5-1cm, take out seed, be seeded in equipped with by gold zone
The container native, coconut palm with calcium superphosphate is 6: 3: 1 formulated seedling mediums in mass ratio carries out cultivation of container seedling, seedling stage
Carry out conventional water and fertilizer management and the prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control of nursery stock, it is thus achieved that Cenxi switch oil tea container seedling.
Selecting gradient ＜ 10 degree, effective soil layer more than thickness 70cm, the red soil of pH5-6 to make reproducing area, afforestation seeding row spacing is
2.0m × 2.5m, density is 133 plants/acre.Before planting 1-2 month, according to length × wide × be 50cm × 50cm × 50cm's deeply
Specification digs cave wholely, often spreads manuer in holes and puts base manure 5.0kg；The raw material of described base manure and mass ratio thereof are tobacco stick: tea bran: peroxophosphoric acid
Calcium=5: 3: 2, base manure first compost before use becomes thoroughly decomposed for 60-70 days.
Before in the nursery stock spring, the tip is sprouted, in the cloudy or little rainy day, selectively footpath more than 0.3cm, height of seedling 40-60cm, main root is thick
Strong, side root enriches, and has no mechanical damage and the Cenxi switch oil tea container seedling of pest and disease damage is planted, and digs ratio at whole the center digging cave and educates
Seedling container is the widest, planting pit with the degree of depth, vertically Cenxi switch oil tea container seedling is put into planting pit, and a point 2-3 earthing is treaded,
Cover one layer again to loosen the soil, cover with weeds around planting pit.
After afforestation, standing forest is carried out standardized administration, carry out the supporting technology pipes such as middle weeding, fertilizing soil, rush root renewal
Reason.Afforesting mid-June then, foster fertilising 1 time in conjunction with shovel grass, carbamide 25g is executed in every strain.Afterwards annual autumn and winter to the spring tip
Before sprouting, being uniformly sprinkled into by tobacco stick, paulownia bran and calcium superphosphate at reproducing area is 2: 2: 1 mixed preparing in mass ratio
Decomposed manure, every mu of fertilising 250kg, then turns over and cultivates covering fertilizer, turn over and cultivate the degree of depth to cut off the side in 15-20cm depth bounds
Root is advisable.The described method promoting root renewal is to combine conventional middle weeding and cultivate coated with cutting off plant side root root by deep-cutting
Point, promotes that new root is sprouted.1-2 month before the tip is sprouted in the plant spring and the 11-12 month of entrance relative dormant period, by repairing
Cut, control Seedling height and adjust the human intervention measure of tree management, cultivate high yield tree-like.
When plant even crown diameter reaches 0.8m2Start time above the growth promoter of plant is regulated and controled, promote that standing forest is opened
Bow structure reality and high and stable yield.Described vine growth and development regulation and control are the growth according to Cenxi switch oil tea and the spy that blossoms and bears fruit
Property, reach 0.8m at plant even crown diameter2Time above, regulating and controlling the growth promoter of standing forest, common regulation plant nutrition is raw
The long trait expression with reproductive growth；Described concrete regulation and control method is during plant bud differentiation, i.e. 5-6 month, Shi Yi
Secondary N, P2O5、K2O proportioning is the formula fertilizer of 1: 0.5: 1.5, every strain fertilising 0.4kg, carries out foliage-spray 1-2 in the florescence simultaneously
Secondary, select mass concentration 0.2% potassium dihydrogen phosphate and mass concentration 0.2% B solution by 1: 1 volume ratio mixing, spray.
Within 2010, proceeding by status investigation of yielding positive results, result shows: 2010, the average individual plant of 2011 bloom fruit bearing rate respectively
It is 17.37% and 78.0%, 2015, i.e. the 6th year per mu yield fresh fruit amount 1356.3kg after afforestation.
Embodiment 2:
In mid-October, 2008, select to be carried out by the Cenxi switch oil tea full sib superior families result strain of artificialpollination
Fruit harvesting.Described Cenxi switch oil tea full sib superior families result strain is that employing Cenxi switch Camellia Oleifera Clones is
Parent, by the full sib cenospecies produced after artificialpollination, the yield chosen after family measures and Main Agronomic
Character all shows the family full-sibs of excellence.Take out seed after fruit fine fisssure after gathering, then select full seed, anosis
Worm, it is 3: 2 formulated urging in mass ratio that Single seed weight reach the seed of more than 2g to be laid in equipped with the husky and fresh wood flour of effluent
The germination bed of bud medium carries out accelerating germination；Germination bed is located at the outdoor plot to the south without hydrops, holding accelerating germination humidity of media with
Hold the most agglomerating, unclamp and i.e. dissipate for suitably.
Until the seed embryo root length after conventional method accelerating germination to 0.5-1cm, take out seed, be seeded in equipped with by gold zone
The container native, coconut palm with calcium superphosphate is 7: 1: 2 formulated seedling mediums in mass ratio carries out cultivation of container seedling, seedling stage
Carry out conventional water and fertilizer management and the prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control of nursery stock, it is thus achieved that Cenxi switch oil tea container seedling.
Select gradient 10-15 degree, effective soil layer more than thickness 50cm, the yellow earth of pH4.5-5.5 make reproducing area, seeding row spacing of afforesting
For 2.0m × 2.0m, density is 167 plants/acre.Before planting 1-2 month, according to length × wide × be 60cm × 60cm × 60cm deeply
Specification dig cave wholely, often spread manuer in holes and put base manure 6.0kg；The raw material of described base manure and mass ratio thereof are tobacco stick: tea bran: cross phosphorus
Acid calcium=5: 3: 2, base manure first compost before use becomes thoroughly decomposed for 70-80 days.
Before in the nursery stock spring, the tip is sprouted, in the cloudy or little rainy day, selectively footpath more than 0.3cm, height of seedling 40-60cm, main root is thick
Strong, side root enriches, and has no mechanical damage and the Cenxi switch oil tea container seedling of pest and disease damage is planted, and digs ratio at whole the center digging cave and educates
Seedling container is the widest, planting pit with the degree of depth, vertically Cenxi switch oil tea container seedling is put into planting pit, and a point 2-3 earthing is treaded,
Cover one layer again to loosen the soil, cover with weeds around planting pit.
After afforestation, standing forest is carried out standardized administration, carry out the supporting technology pipes such as middle weeding, fertilizing soil, rush root renewal
Reason.Afforesting mid-June then, foster fertilising 1 time in conjunction with shovel grass, carbamide 35g is executed in every strain.Afterwards annual autumn and winter to the spring tip
Before sprouting, being uniformly sprinkled into by tobacco stick, paulownia bran and calcium superphosphate at reproducing area is 2: 2: 1 mixed preparing in mass ratio
Decomposed manure, every mu of fertilising 300kg, then turns over and cultivates covering fertilizer, turn over and cultivate the degree of depth to cut off the side in 15-20cm depth bounds
Root is advisable.The described method promoting root renewal is to combine conventional middle weeding and cultivate coated with cutting off plant side root root by deep-cutting
Point, promotes that new root is sprouted.1-2 month before the tip is sprouted in the plant spring and the 11-12 month of entrance relative dormant period, by repairing
Cut, control Seedling height and adjust the human intervention measure of tree management, cultivate high yield tree-like.
When plant even crown diameter reaches 0.8m2Start time above the growth promoter of plant is regulated and controled, promote that standing forest is opened
Bow structure reality and high and stable yield.Described vine growth and development regulation and control are the growth according to Cenxi switch oil tea and the spy that blossoms and bears fruit
Property, reach 0.8m at plant even crown diameter2Time above, regulating and controlling the growth promoter of standing forest, common regulation plant nutrition is raw
The long trait expression with reproductive growth；Described concrete regulation and control method is during plant bud differentiation, i.e. 5-6 month, Shi Yi
Secondary N, P2O5、K2O proportioning is the formula fertilizer of 1: 0.5: 1.5, every strain fertilising 0.5kg, carries out foliage-spray 1-2 in the florescence simultaneously
Secondary, choosing selects mass concentration 0.2% potassium dihydrogen phosphate and mass concentration 0.2% B solution by 1: 1 volume ratio mixing, sprays.
Within 2011, proceeding by status investigation of yielding positive results, result shows: 2011, the average individual plant of 2012 bloom fruit bearing rate respectively
Be 20.12% and 69.53%, 2015, i.e. afforestation after the 5th year, per mu yield fresh fruit amount 533.5kg.
Embodiment 3:
11 the first tenday period of a month in 2008, select to carry out fruit by the Cenxi switch oil tea full sib superior families result strain of artificialpollination
Gather in fact.Described Cenxi switch oil tea full sib superior families result strain is to use Cenxi switch Camellia Oleifera Clones for parent
This, by the full sib cenospecies produced after artificialpollination, the yield chosen after family measures and Main Agronomic
Shape all shows the family full-sibs of excellence.Take out seed after fruit fine fisssure after gathering, then select full seed, anosis
Worm, it is 3: 2 formulated urging in mass ratio that Single seed weight reach the seed of more than 2g to be laid in equipped with the husky and fresh wood flour of effluent
The germination bed of bud medium carries out accelerating germination；Germination bed is located at the outdoor plot to the south without hydrops, holding accelerating germination humidity of media with
Hold the most agglomerating, unclamp and i.e. dissipate for suitably.
Until the seed embryo root length after conventional method accelerating germination to 0.5-1cm, take out seed, be seeded in equipped with by gold zone
The container native, coconut palm with calcium superphosphate is 6: 3: 1 formulated seedling mediums in mass ratio carries out cultivation of container seedling, seedling stage
Carry out conventional water and fertilizer management and the prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control of nursery stock, it is thus achieved that Cenxi switch oil tea container seedling.
Gradient 16-25 degree, effective soil layer more than thickness 50cm, the yellowish soil of pH5-6 is selected to make reproducing area, seeding row spacing of afforesting
For 1.5m × 2.0m, density is 222 plants/acre.Before planting 1-2 month, according to length × wide × be 70cm × 70cm × 70cm deeply
Specification dig cave wholely, often spread manuer in holes and put base manure 7.5kg；The raw material of described base manure and mass ratio thereof are tobacco stick: tea bran: cross phosphorus
Acid calcium=5: 3: 2, base manure first compost before use becomes thoroughly decomposed for 80-90 days.
Before in the nursery stock spring, the tip is sprouted, in the cloudy or little rainy day, selectively footpath more than 0.3cm, height of seedling 40-60cm, main root is thick
Strong, side root enriches, and has no mechanical damage and the Cenxi switch oil tea container seedling of pest and disease damage is planted, and digs ratio at whole the center digging cave and educates
Seedling container is the widest, planting pit with the degree of depth, vertically Cenxi switch oil tea container seedling is put into planting pit, and a point 2-3 earthing is treaded,
Cover one layer again to loosen the soil, cover with weeds around planting pit.
After afforestation, standing forest is carried out standardized administration, carry out the supporting technology pipes such as middle weeding, fertilizing soil, rush root renewal
Reason.Afforesting mid-June then, foster fertilising 1 time in conjunction with shovel grass, carbamide 50g is executed in every strain.Afterwards annual autumn and winter to the spring tip
Before sprouting, being uniformly sprinkled into by tobacco stick, paulownia bran and calcium superphosphate at reproducing area is 2: 2: 1 mixed preparing in mass ratio
Decomposed manure, every mu of fertilising 350kg, then turns over and cultivates covering fertilizer, turn over and cultivate the degree of depth to cut off the side in 15-20cm depth bounds
Root is advisable.The described method promoting root renewal is to combine conventional middle weeding and cultivate coated with cutting off plant side root root by deep-cutting
Point, promotes that new root is sprouted.1-2 month before the tip is sprouted in the plant spring and the 11-12 month of entrance relative dormant period, by repairing
Cut, control Seedling height and adjust the human intervention measure of tree management, cultivate high yield tree-like.
When plant even crown diameter reaches 0.8m2Start time above the growth promoter of plant is regulated and controled, promote that standing forest is opened
Bow structure reality and high and stable yield.Described vine growth and development regulation and control are the growth according to Cenxi switch oil tea and the spy that blossoms and bears fruit
Property, reach 0.8m at plant even crown diameter2Time above, regulating and controlling the growth promoter of standing forest, common regulation plant nutrition is raw
The long trait expression with reproductive growth；Described concrete regulation and control method is during plant bud differentiation, i.e. 5-6 month, Shi Yi
Secondary N, P2O5、K2O proportioning is the formula fertilizer of 1: 0.5: 1.5, every strain fertilising 0.65kg, carries out foliage-spray 1-2 in the florescence simultaneously
Secondary, select mass concentration 0.3% potassium dihydrogen phosphate and mass concentration 0.3% B solution by 1: 1 volume ratio mixing, spray.
Within 2011, proceeding by status investigation of yielding positive results, result shows: 2011, the average individual plant of 2012 bloom fruit bearing rate respectively
Be 17.68% and 73.64%, 2015, i.e. afforestation after the 5th year, per mu yield fresh fruit amount 674.3kg.
Claims (10)
1. the construction method of a Cenxi switch oil tea family full-sibs progeny forest, it is characterised in that: include seed collecting nursery, plant seedlings
Afforestation and standing forest manage operation, select to be carried out by the Cenxi switch oil tea full sib superior families result strain of artificialpollination
Seed collecting nursery, afforests after obtaining suitable Cenxi switch oil tea container seedling, carries out soil of forest stands management and tree body after afforestation in time
Management, when plant hat width reaches 0.8-1.0m2Time start to regulate and control it and nourish and grow and reproductive growth, promote standing forest to blossom and bear fruit and
High and stable yield；Main operational steps is as follows:
(1) seed collecting nursery:
1. fruit harvesting: mid-October to 11 the first tenday period of a month, selects excellent by the Cenxi switch oil tea full sib of artificialpollination
Family result strain carries out fruit harvesting；
2. seed treatment: taking out seed after the fruit fine fisssure after gathering, then select full seed, without disease pest, simple grain weighs
Seed to more than 2g is laid in the germination bed equipped with accelerating germination medium and carries out accelerating germination；Germination bed is located at outdoor to the south without hydrops
Plot, keeps accelerating germination humidity of media；
3. seeding and seedling raising: until the seed embryo root length after conventional method accelerating germination to 0.5-1cm, takes out seed, is seeded in dress
Have in the container of seedling medium and carry out cultivation of container seedling, carry out conventional water and fertilizer management and the prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control of nursery stock seedling stage, it is thus achieved that
Cenxi switch oil tea container seedling；
(2) planting by stock:
1. plantation measures: select land occupation condition to be used for afforesting the most suitable for afforestationly；
2. the density of plantation determines: according to breediness and the afforestation land occupation condition of Cenxi switch oil tea full sib superior families, if
Put the rational density of plantation；
3. site preparation and fertilization: before planting 1-2 month, according to the rule of length × wide × be deeply 50-70cm × 50-70cm × 50-70cm
Lattice dig cave wholely, and use sufficient base manure；
4. container seedling is transplanted: before the tip is sprouted in the nursery stock spring, in the cloudy or little rainy day, select suitable transplanted seedling tree, digs cave whole
Center dig planting pit wider than container for plant growth, with the degree of depth, vertically Cenxi switch oil tea container seedling is put into planting pit, point 2-
3 times earthing is treaded, then covers one layer and loosen the soil, and covers with weeds around planting pit；
(3) standing forest management:
1. soil management: carry out the supporting technology management such as middle weeding, fertilizing soil, rush root renewal；
2. tree body management: the 1-2 month before the tip is sprouted in the plant spring and the 11-12 month of entrance relative dormant period, by pruning,
Control Seedling height and adjust the human intervention measure of tree management, cultivating high yield tree-like；
3. adjusting and controlling growth: when plant even crown diameter reaches 0.8m2Start time above the growth promoter of plant is regulated and controled, promote
Standing forest blossoms and bears fruit and high and stable yield.
The construction method of Cenxi the most according to claim 1 switch oil tea family full-sibs progeny forest, it is characterised in that: step
Suddenly the Cenxi switch oil tea full sib superior families result strain described in (1) refers to use Cenxi switch Camellia Oleifera Clones for parent
This, by the full sib cenospecies produced after artificialpollination, the yield chosen after family measures and Main Agronomic
Shape all shows the family full-sibs of excellence.
The construction method of Cenxi the most according to claim 1 switch oil tea family full-sibs progeny forest, it is characterised in that: step
Suddenly the accelerating germination medium described in (1) be effluent husky be 3: 2 formulated in mass ratio with fresh wood flour；Described accelerating germination humidity of media
With the most agglomerating with holding, unclamp and i.e. dissipate for suitably.
The construction method of Cenxi the most according to claim 1 switch oil tea family full-sibs progeny forest, it is characterised in that: step
Suddenly the seedling medium described in (1) be yellow soil, coconut palm and calcium superphosphate be 6: 3: 1 or 7: 1: 2 formulated in mass ratio.
The construction method of Cenxi the most according to claim 1 switch oil tea family full-sibs progeny forest, it is characterised in that: step
Suddenly described in (2) suitable for afforestationly for the slope of the gradient≤25 °, effective soil layer more than thickness 50cm, its soil is loose without hydrops
Subacidity red soil, yellow earth or yellowish soil.
The construction method of Cenxi the most according to claim 1 switch oil tea family full-sibs progeny forest, it is characterised in that: step
Suddenly the rational density of plantation described in (2) refers to when gradient ＜ 10 °, and seeding row spacing is 2.0m × 2.5m, density be 133 strains/
Mu；When the gradient 10 °-15 °, seeding row spacing is 2.0m × 2.0m, and density is 167 plants/acre；When the gradient 16 °-25 °, seeding row spacing is
1.5m × 2.0m, density is 222 plants/acre.
The construction method of Cenxi the most according to claim 1 switch oil tea family full-sibs progeny forest, it is characterised in that: step
Suddenly raw material and the mass ratio thereof of the base manure described in (2) is tobacco stick: tea bran: calcium superphosphate=5: 3: 2, base manure first heap before use
Macerate 60-90 days and use again after becoming thoroughly decomposed；The described method using sufficient base manure is often to spread manuer in holes to put base manure 5.0-7.5kg.
The construction method of Cenxi the most according to claim 1 switch oil tea family full-sibs progeny forest, it is characterised in that: step
Suddenly the suitable nursery stock described in (2) be ground footpath more than 0.3cm, height of seedling 40-60cm, main root is sturdy, side root enrich, have no mechanical damage and
The Cenxi switch oil tea container seedling of pest and disease damage.
The construction method of Cenxi the most according to claim 1 switch oil tea family full-sibs progeny forest, it is characterised in that: step
Suddenly the method for the fertilizing soil described in (3) is annual before autumn and winter season to the spring, the tip was sprouted, and is uniformly sprinkled into by cigarette at reproducing area
Leaf stalk, paulownia bran and calcium superphosphate are the decomposed manure of 2: 2: 1 mixed preparing in mass ratio, every mu of fertilising 250-350kg,
Then turn over and cultivate covering fertilizer, turn over and cultivate the degree of depth and be advisable to cut off the side root in 15-20cm depth bounds；Described promotees the side that root updates
Method is to combine conventional middle weeding and cultivate coated with cutting off the plant side root tip of a root by deep-cutting, and promotes that new root is sprouted.
The construction method of Cenxi the most according to claim 1 switch oil tea family full-sibs progeny forest, it is characterised in that:
Vine growth and development regulation and control described in step (3) are the growth according to Cenxi switch oil tea and characteristic of blossoming and bearing fruit, and put down plant
All hat width reach 0.8m2Time above, the growth promoter of standing forest is regulated and controled, common regulation plant vegetative growth and reproductive growth
Trait expression；Described concrete regulation and control method is during plant bud differentiation, i.e. in 5-6 month, execute N, a P2O5、K2O joins
Ratio is the formula fertilizer of 1: 0.5: 1.5, every strain fertilising 0.4-0.65kg, carries out foliage-spray 1-2 time in the florescence simultaneously, selects phosphorus
The mixed liquor of acid dihydride potassium and boron sprays, and mass concentration is respectively 0.2-0.3%.
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| CN110150015A (en) * | 2019-06-03 | 2019-08-23 | 凤冈金鼎旺油茶种植专业合作社 | A kind of efficient implantation methods of oil tea |
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Application publication date: 20170104 Assignee: GUANGXI YUKOU INNOVATION AGRICULTURE CO.,LTD. Assignor: GUANGXI ZHUANG AUTONOMOUS REGION FORESTRY Research Institute Contract record no.: X2022450000376 Denomination of invention: Construction Method of the Cenxi Softwood Camellia oleifera Full sib Family Generation Forest Granted publication date: 20170818 License type: Common License Record date: 20221219 |
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