CN110432086B - Semen cuscutae planting method with medicinal material production and biological control - Google Patents
Semen cuscutae planting method with medicinal material production and biological control Download PDFInfo
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- CN110432086B CN110432086B CN201910730440.5A CN201910730440A CN110432086B CN 110432086 B CN110432086 B CN 110432086B CN 201910730440 A CN201910730440 A CN 201910730440A CN 110432086 B CN110432086 B CN 110432086B
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01F—PROCESSING OF HARVESTED PRODUCE; HAY OR STRAW PRESSES; DEVICES FOR STORING AGRICULTURAL OR HORTICULTURAL PRODUCE
- A01F11/00—Threshing apparatus specially adapted for maize; Threshing apparatus specially adapted for particular crops other than cereals
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01F—PROCESSING OF HARVESTED PRODUCE; HAY OR STRAW PRESSES; DEVICES FOR STORING AGRICULTURAL OR HORTICULTURAL PRODUCE
- A01F12/00—Parts or details of threshing apparatus
- A01F12/18—Threshing devices
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01F—PROCESSING OF HARVESTED PRODUCE; HAY OR STRAW PRESSES; DEVICES FOR STORING AGRICULTURAL OR HORTICULTURAL PRODUCE
- A01F12/00—Parts or details of threshing apparatus
- A01F12/40—Arrangements of straw crushers or cutters
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01F—PROCESSING OF HARVESTED PRODUCE; HAY OR STRAW PRESSES; DEVICES FOR STORING AGRICULTURAL OR HORTICULTURAL PRODUCE
- A01F12/00—Parts or details of threshing apparatus
- A01F12/44—Grain cleaners; Grain separators
- A01F12/446—Sieving means
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G20/00—Cultivation of turf, lawn or the like; Apparatus or methods therefor
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
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- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Botany (AREA)
- Breeding Of Plants And Reproduction By Means Of Culturing (AREA)
Abstract
The invention provides a dodder planting method with medicinal material production and biological control, which comprises the following steps: winding and contacting the propagule south dodder and the host south American wedelia chinensis, carrying out manual treatment on the south dodder, and harvesting after the south dodder is ripe to obtain the medicinal material dodder; wherein the manual treatment comprises the following steps: continuously spraying 100 mu mol/L BA to south dodder for 25-35 minutes in a rain-free weather condition at the temperature of 25-27 ℃, and shading by using a shading net with the shading rate of 40-60%. On one hand, the method can be used for producing the host plant by taking the south American wedelia chinensis plant as the dodder medicinal material in the south American wedelia chinensis invasive region, does not need to plant the host plant additionally, and has the advantages of simple planting operation, low planting cost and good economic benefit; on the other hand, the method can effectively control the diffusion and spread of the south American wedelia chinensis, and has the advantages of environmental friendliness, good prevention and control effect and good ecological benefit.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of medicinal plant planting and medicinal material production. More specifically, the invention relates to a method for planting semen cuscutae with medicinal material production and biological control.
Background
The semen Cuscutae is semen Cuscutae (Cuscuta chinensis, CuscuCuscuta chinensisLam.) or south dodder seed (Cuscuta australis R, Br.) dried mature seeds. Has the efficacies of tonifying liver and kidney, securing essence and reducing urination, preventing miscarriage, improving eyesight, checking diarrhea and the like, and is mainly used for treating symptoms such as liver and kidney deficiency, soreness and weakness of waist and knees, impotence and spermatorrhea, fetal irritability, blurred vision and tinnitus, spleen and kidney deficiency diarrhea and the like.
Along with the trend of people to healthy life due to the continuous improvement of living standard of people, in recent years, the market demand of raw materials of the semen cuscutae and health care products developed by the semen cuscutae is increasing. Wild resources of the medicinal dodder cannot meet market demands gradually, and artificial planting and cultivation of the medicinal dodder is urgently needed to be developed. The basic source plants of the dodder seed medicinal material all belong to annual obligate parasitic herbaceous plants, have no root and leaf plant organs per se, and can only be wound on host plants to absorb the nutrition of the hosts through lateral attractors on stems of the host plants. Therefore, the cultivation of the medicinal material of the south dodder seed must have host plants firstly. At present, the artificial planting and cultivation of the medicinal material of the south dodder is mainly carried out with crops such as soybean and the like as host plants, but because the growth of the medicinal material of the south dodder completely absorbs nutrition from the soybean, mechanical obstacle of main transportation and organization of the soybean is also caused, the basic source plant of the medicinal material of the south dodder has strong growth capability and is flourishing in growth, the medicinal material of the south dodder covers on leaves of the soybean and blocks photosynthesis, the soybean finally grows badly, the yield of the soybean is influenced, and the yield of the medicinal material of the south dodder is adversely influenced due to the bad growth of the soybean as the host plant. Therefore, the yield of the dodder medicinal material is greatly dependent on the survival and growth capacity of the host plant in a parasitized state.
Wedelia trilobata (L.) Pruski) is a Wedelia plant belonging to the family Compositae, is native to south and central America, and is introduced as a ground cover plant in many countries due to the easy formation of cover plants. Since hong Kong in China is introduced and cultivated in the 80 s, the environmental adaptability is strong, the propagation is fast, and the settlement escape can become wild quickly and spread rapidly in the south China, so that the wild hong Kong is frequently distributed in the east and south of China, along with the coast, in islands and the like, and becomes a malignant weed which affects agriculture, forestry, garden forestry and the environment, thereby causing serious ecological damage and economic loss.
In order to control plant invasion, the main control methods at present include physical, chemical, biological and the like methods. The physical method mainly comprises the steps of cleaning by manpower or machinery, requiring a large amount of manpower and economic investment, and being incapable of completely eradicating the plants, wherein the plants invaded under the proper condition can be dead and reburning by the strong vitality and reproductive capacity of the plants; although the chemical method has certain effect in controlling plant invasion in small-area populations, the chemical method is usually accompanied by pollution and secondary harm; the biological control is a method for inhibiting invasive plants by utilizing one or a group of organisms, such as parasitic organisms, predatory organisms or pathogenic organisms, has the characteristics of environmental friendliness, lasting control effect, low control cost and the like, and is particularly suitable for controlling the malignant weeds which are wide in distribution and difficult to control.
Disclosure of Invention
It is an object of the present invention to address at least the above-mentioned deficiencies and to provide at least the advantages which will be described hereinafter.
The invention also aims to provide a method for artificially cultivating south dodder by using an invasive plant wedelia trilobata as a host, which not only meets the requirements of artificially cultivating the host plant of the dodder medicinal material, but also realizes the biological control effect of the invasion of the south wedelia trilobata, and integrates economic, ecological and social benefits.
The invention also aims to provide a method for planting the dodder, which has the functions of medicinal material production and biological control, wherein the method comprises the following steps:
winding and contacting the propagule dodder with the host wedelia chinensis, carrying out artificial treatment on the dodder, and harvesting the dodder after the dodder is mature to obtain the medicinal material dodder; wherein the manual treatment comprises the following steps: continuously spraying 100 mu mol/L6-benzylaminopurine to the semen cuscutae for 25-35 minutes in a rain-free weather condition at the temperature of 25-27 ℃, and then shading with a shading net with the shading rate of 40-60%.
Through the artificial treatment, the parasitic capacity of the south dodder to the south American wedelia can be obviously improved, the inhibiting effect of the south dodder to the south American wedelia is obviously improved, and the yield of the south dodder is improved.
Preferably, in the method for planting the south dodder seed with the functions of medicinal material production and biological control,
the stem segment of south dodder with complete tip is used as propagule, and the south American wedelia is used as host.
Preferably, in the method for planting semen cuscutae with medicinal material production and biological control, the artificial treatment comprises the following steps: continuously spraying 100 mu mol/L6-benzylaminopurine to the semen cuscutae for 30 minutes in a rain-free weather condition at the temperature of 25-27 ℃, and then shading by using a shading net with the shading rate of 50%.
Preferably, in the dodder planting method with both medicinal material production and biological control, after the south dodder is ripe, the south wedelia chinensis and the south dodder are harvested together, dried, screened by a screening machine to obtain dry south dodder seeds, selected by a winnower, aired and subpackaged to obtain the medicinal material dodder.
Preferably, in the dodder planting method with both medicinal material production and biological control, the south wedeloa wedelia and the south dodder are harvested together, and ryegrass is sown in the harvested area for ecological restoration. The ryegrass has strong adaptability, fast growth and strong tillering capability, thus being capable of fast carrying out ecological restoration.
Preferably, in the semen cuscutae planting method with both medicinal material production and biological control, the screening machine comprises:
the device comprises a vertically arranged cylinder body, wherein a feeding part, a cutting part, a separating part and a screening part are sequentially arranged in the cylinder body from top to bottom;
the feeding part is internally provided with a feeding funnel which is provided with a side wall inclining downwards, and the lower end of the feeding funnel is reduced to form a throat part;
the cutting part comprises a left blade group and a right blade group which are positioned on the left side and the right side of the throat part, the left blade group and the right blade group are respectively provided with a plurality of circular blades which are coaxially and equidistantly arranged, the cutting edges of the left blade group and the right blade group penetrate through the inclined side wall of the funnel and extend into the inner space of the funnel to form cutting on the material in the funnel, and meanwhile, the cutting edges of the left blade group and the right blade group penetrate through the side wall of the funnel and extend into the throat part to form cutting on the material at the throat part; the circular blades of the left blade group and the right blade group are mutually inserted into the space between the circular blades of the opposite side, and the left blade group and the right blade group are driven to rotate through a first motor so as to cut the material into sections;
a separation section comprising: the rotating body is vertically arranged right below the throat part, the beating piece is arranged on the outer wall of the rotating body, and the air blowing device is arranged on the outer wall of the separation part; the rotating body is driven by a second motor to drive the striking piece to strike materials in the separating part, the outer wall of the separating part is provided with air holes, and the air blowing device sprays air into the separating part through the air holes;
sieving part, its with it separates to be provided with the baffle between the separation part, set up the drain hole on the baffle, the drain hole is provided with the flashboard and opens and close, material in the separation part enters into through the drain hole in the sieving part, be provided with the shale shaker in order to sieve the material in the sieving part.
The creeping stems of the south wedelia chinensis and the south dodder are very long, after the plants are harvested together, the creeping stems of the plants and the seeds of the dodder are mixed together, and the seeds of the dodder are difficult to separate from the creeping stems by common screening equipment, so that a left blade group and a right blade group are arranged at the left side and the right side of the throat of a feeding funnel by an applicant, and the cutting edges of the left blade group and the right blade group penetrate through the inclined side walls of the funnel and extend into the inner space of the funnel to form primary cutting of materials in the funnel, so that the problem that the creeping stems are too long and too tough and are easy to block in the feeding funnel is solved, and the materials are promoted to be conveyed to the neck of the feeding funnel; simultaneously, the cutting edges of the left blade group and the right blade group penetrate through the side wall of the funnel and extend into the throat to form secondary cutting of materials at the throat position; the materials can be discharged to the separation part only through the neck part, so that the secondary cutting can ensure that the materials can be completely cut into sections and formed, and the following seeds and stolons can be conveniently separated; when the rotor in the separation part rotates, the beating part is driven to beat the materials, so that the seeds are promoted to be separated from the stolons; meanwhile, the air blowing device blows air to the inside of the separation part, and blows away the materials accumulated on the inner wall of the separation part and blows the materials to the rotating body, so that the materials are continuously beaten by the beating piece to be hammered; after the seeds and the stolons are separated, all the materials enter the screening part through the discharge hole on the partition plate to be screened, and finally, the seeds of the dodder are obtained and used as medicinal materials.
Preferably, have concurrently in the dodder planting method of medicinal material production and biological control, hit the piece and be extending structure, set up the hole on turning, hit the piece setting in the hole, hit the piece and contract into when shortening in the hole, protrusion during the extension the hole, the size in hole with hit a phase-match to when making to hit the piece and shortening, the hole can strike off the material of a surface with the winding.
The creeping stems of the wedeloa chinensis and the dodder have better toughness, are easy to wind on a beating piece, need to be cleaned frequently, and easily influence the working efficiency of screening. Therefore, the applicant sets the beating piece into a telescopic mechanism, the size of the beating piece is matched with the size of the hole, and when the beating piece is retracted into the hole, the stolons wound on the beating piece are scraped by the edge of the hole, so that cleaning is completed.
The invention at least comprises the following beneficial effects:
according to the technical scheme, on one hand, the south American wedelia chinensis plant can be used as a host plant for producing the dodder medicinal material in the south American wedelia chinensis invasive region, the host plant does not need to be additionally planted, the planting operation is simple, the planting cost is low, and good economic benefits are achieved; on the other hand, the method can effectively control the diffusion and spread of the south American wedelia chinensis, and has the advantages of environmental friendliness, good prevention and control effect and good ecological benefit. Meanwhile, the technical scheme of the invention carries out biological substitution by using ryegrass with strong adaptability, fast growth and strong tillering capability, quickly forms green landscape and has good social benefit. Therefore, the technical scheme of the invention has the obvious advantage of integrating economic, ecological and social benefits.
Aiming at the problems that the stolons of the south American wedelia chinensis and the south dodder are very long and are harvested together, the stolons of plants and the seeds of the dodder are mixed together, and the seeds of the dodder and the stolons are difficult to separate by common screening equipment, a screening machine is specially designed for screening treatment, a left blade group and a right blade group in the screening machine are arranged at the left side and the right side of the throat of a feeding funnel, and the cutting edges of the left blade group and the right blade group penetrate through the inclined side wall of the funnel and extend into the inner space of the funnel to form primary cutting of materials in the funnel, so that the problems that the stolons are too long, the stolons are too tough and elastic after airing, and are easy to block in the feeding funnel are solved, and the materials are promoted to be conveyed to the neck of the feeding funnel; simultaneously, the cutting edges of the left blade group and the right blade group penetrate through the side wall of the funnel and extend into the throat to form secondary cutting of materials at the throat position; the materials can be discharged to the separation part only through the neck part, so that the secondary cutting can ensure that the materials can be completely cut into sections and formed, and the following seeds and stolons can be conveniently separated; when the rotor in the separation part rotates, the beating part is driven to beat the materials, so that the seeds are promoted to be separated from the stolons; meanwhile, the air blowing device blows air to the inside of the separation part, and blows away the materials accumulated on the inner wall of the separation part and blows the materials to the rotating body, so that the materials are continuously hammered by the beating piece; the seeds and the materials are separated, and all the materials enter the screening part through the discharge hole in the partition plate to be screened from the stolons, and finally the semen cuscutae seeds are obtained as medicinal materials.
The traditional screening method of the semen cuscutae comprises the following steps: manually grasping the stolons with hands, extending the part with the semen Cuscutae into a rice thresher to separate the semen Cuscutae from the stolons, and then sieving with a sieving machine such as a fan to obtain the semen Cuscutae.
According to measurement, compared with the traditional manual screening of the dodder, the screening efficiency is greatly improved by using the screening machine disclosed by the invention, the separation rate of the dodder from the stolons is up to more than 98%, and only dodder residues below 2% are remained; the traditional manual screening method can only achieve a separation rate of about 80%, a large amount of semen cuscutae is remained in the stolons and cannot be separated, and the stolons are required to be grabbed by hands in the traditional technology, so that the operation is troublesome, and the working efficiency is low, therefore, the screening machine provided by the invention has the advantages that the screening effect and the working efficiency are remarkably improved, and the yield of the semen cuscutae medicinal materials is finally improved due to the improvement of the screening effect.
Additional advantages, objects, and features of the invention will be set forth in part in the description which follows and in part will become apparent to those having ordinary skill in the art upon examination of the following or may be learned from practice of the invention.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic illustration of a screening machine according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view taken along line A-A of FIG. 1;
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of the left and right blade sets of the present invention;
fig. 4 is a schematic structural view of the cooperation between the striking element and the swivel according to the present invention.
Detailed Description
The present invention is further described in detail below with reference to the attached drawings so that those skilled in the art can implement the invention by referring to the description text.
It will be understood that terms such as "having," "including," and "comprising," as used herein, do not preclude the presence or addition of one or more other elements or groups thereof.
As shown in fig. 1 to 4, a screening machine for separating semen cuscutae seeds from stolons comprises:
the vertical cylinder 1 is internally provided with a feeding part, a cutting part 2, a separating part 3 and a screening part 4 from top to bottom in sequence.
The feeding part is internally provided with a feeding funnel 5, the feeding funnel 5 is provided with a side wall 6 which inclines downwards, and the lower end of the feeding funnel is narrowed to form a throat part 7.
The cutting part 2 comprises a left blade group and a right blade group which are positioned at the left side and the right side of the throat part 7, and as shown in fig. 3 in particular, the left blade group and the right blade group (18, 19) are respectively provided with a plurality of circular blades 21 which are coaxially and equidistantly arranged, the circular blades 21 are arranged on a rotating shaft 21 in a penetrating manner, a first motor drives the rotating shaft 21 to rotate, first partial blades 8 of the left blade group 18 and the right blade group 19 penetrate through the inclined side wall 6 of the hopper and extend into the inner space of the hopper to form cutting on the material in the feeding hopper 5, and second partial blades 9 of the left blade group 18 and the right blade group 19 penetrate through the side wall of the feeding hopper and extend into the throat part 7 to form cutting on the material at the position of the throat part 7; the circular blades 21 of the left blade group 18 and the right blade group 19 are mutually inserted into the space between the circular blades of the opposite side, and the rotating shaft 20 penetrating through the centers of the left blade group 18 and the right blade group 19 is driven to rotate through a first motor so as to cut the dodder and the wedelia prostrata stolon materials into sections.
A separation section 3 including: a rotating body 10 vertically arranged right below the throat part 7, a beating piece 11 arranged on the outer wall of the rotating body 10, and a blowing device 12 arranged on the outer wall of the separation part 3; the rotating body 10 is driven by a second motor 13 to drive the beating piece 11 to beat the stolon materials of the cut segments in the separation part 3, so that the semen cuscutae seeds are separated from the stolones, the outer wall of the separation part 3 is provided with air holes, and the air blowing device 12 sprays air into the separation part through the air holes; the beating piece is a rod or a stick, and the air blowing device is an air pump.
Sieving part 4, its with it separates to be provided with the baffle between separation portion 3, and the second motor setting is in the below of baffle to turn 10 through the pivot drive and rotate, set up drain hole 14 on the baffle, drain hole 14 is provided with the flashboard and opens and close, material in the separation portion 3 enters into through drain hole 14 in sieving part 4, be provided with the shale shaker in sieving part 4 in order to sieve the material, the lateral wall of sieving part 4 is provided with the export 16 that is used for discharging the stem material of creeping, and the lower extreme is provided with the opening 15 that is used for discharging the dodder seed.
Further, as shown in fig. 4, the striking member 11 is of a telescopic structure, such as an electric telescopic rod, an electric hydraulic telescopic column, an electric hydraulic push rod and the like, the swivel 10 is provided with a hole 17, the striking member 11 is arranged in the hole 17, the striking member 11 retracts into the hole 17 when being shortened, protrudes out of the hole 17 when being extended, and the size of the hole 17 is matched with that of the striking member 11, so that when the striking member 11 is shortened, the hole 17 can scrape off materials wound on the surface of the striking member 11.
The screening machine was used as follows: the harvested wedelia and the dodder are thrown into a feeding funnel together, a first motor is started to drive left and right blade sets to cut the materials, the materials close to the side wall of the feeding funnel can be cut in advance to reduce the blockage of the materials, the materials gradually fall into a separation part after being cut through a neck, a discharge hole in a partition plate is closed at the moment, a second motor is started to drive the materials to rotate, a beating piece is beaten the materials, and dodder seeds are enabled to be separated from stolons, and meanwhile, the air blowing device is started to blow air inwards so as to blow materials accumulated on the inner wall of the separation part inwards, the separation of the seeds and the stolons is completed after a certain time of striking, the discharge hole is opened to discharge the materials into the screening part, the vibrating screen is started to separate the semen cuscutae seeds from the stolons, the semen cuscutae seeds are discharged from the lower end opening of the screening part, and the stolons are discharged from the outlet of the side wall of the screening part.
Example 1
A method for producing dodder and biologically preventing and treating trilobate wedelia simultaneously comprises the following steps:
(1) the south dodder stem segment with intact apical shoot was collected as a propagule.
(2) And (3) winding a circle of south dodder seed stem sections collected in the step (1) on the stems of the south American wedelia chinensis, and enabling the host plants to be in full contact with the parasitic plants.
(3) After the step (2) is finished, manually processing the stem pieces of the south dodder, inducing the formation of a south dodder sucker, infecting the south American wedelia chinensis and improving the parasitic capacity and the growth rate of the south dodder; the manual treatment comprises the following steps: under the condition of no rain water at the air temperature of 25 ℃, continuously spraying 100 mu mol/L6-benzylaminopurine to south dodder for 30 minutes, and then shading by using a shading net with the shading rate of 50 percent.
(4) Harvesting the south China wedelia and the dodder after the south China dodder is mature, separating dry south China wedelia from plants, selecting the south China dodder cleanly by a winnowing machine, airing and packaging respectively.
Example 2
A method for producing dodder and biologically preventing and treating trilobate wedelia simultaneously comprises the following steps:
(1) the south dodder stem segment with intact apical shoot was collected as a propagule.
(2) And (3) winding a circle of south dodder seed stem sections collected in the step (1) on the stems of the south American wedelia chinensis, and enabling the host plants to be in full contact with the parasitic plants.
(3) After the step (2) is finished, manually processing the stem pieces of the south dodder, inducing the formation of a south dodder sucker, infecting the south American wedelia chinensis and improving the parasitic capacity and the growth rate of the south dodder; the manual treatment comprises the following steps: under the condition of no rain water at the air temperature of 25 ℃, continuously spraying 100 mu mol/L6-benzylaminopurine to south dodder for 25 minutes, and then shading by using a shading net with the shading rate of 40 percent.
(4) Harvesting the south China wedelia and the dodder after the south China dodder is mature, separating dry south China wedelia from plants, selecting the south China dodder cleanly by a winnowing machine, airing and packaging respectively.
Example 3
A method for producing dodder and biologically preventing and treating trilobate wedelia simultaneously comprises the following steps:
(1) the south dodder stem segment with intact apical shoot was collected as a propagule.
(2) And (3) winding a circle of south dodder seed stem sections collected in the step (1) on the stems of the south American wedelia chinensis, and enabling the host plants to be in full contact with the parasitic plants.
(3) After the step (2) is finished, manually processing the stem pieces of the south dodder, inducing the formation of a south dodder sucker, infecting the south American wedelia chinensis and improving the parasitic capacity and the growth rate of the south dodder; the manual treatment comprises the following steps: under the condition of no rain water at the air temperature of 27 ℃, continuously spraying 100 mu mol/L6-benzylaminopurine to south dodder for 35 minutes, and then shading by using a shading net with the shading rate of 60%.
(4) Harvesting the south China wedelia and the dodder after the south China dodder is mature, separating dry south China wedelia from plants, selecting the south China dodder cleanly by a winnowing machine, airing and packaging respectively.
Example 4
A method for producing dodder and biologically preventing and treating trilobate wedelia simultaneously comprises the following steps:
(1) the south dodder stem segment with intact apical shoot was collected as a propagule.
(2) And (3) winding a circle of south dodder seed stem sections collected in the step (1) on the stems of the south American wedelia chinensis, and enabling the host plants to be in full contact with the parasitic plants.
(3) After the step (2) is finished, manually processing the stem pieces of the south dodder, inducing the formation of a south dodder sucker, infecting the south American wedelia chinensis and improving the parasitic capacity and the growth rate of the south dodder; the manual treatment comprises the following steps: under the condition of no rain water at the air temperature of 25 ℃, continuously spraying 100 mu mol/L6-benzylaminopurine to south dodder for 30 minutes, and then shading by using a shading net with the shading rate of 50 percent.
(4) Harvesting the south China wedelia and the dodder after the south China dodder is mature, separating dry south China wedelia from plants, selecting the south China dodder cleanly by a winnowing machine, airing and packaging respectively.
(5) Sowing rye grass (Lolium Perenne) (with strong adaptability, fast growth and strong tillering capacity) in the area harvested in the step (4)Lolium perenne) And (5) carrying out ecological restoration.
Comparative example 1
Using soybean as a host, the other process steps were the same as in example 1.
Comparative example 2
The other method steps were the same as in example 1 without manual handling.
Comparison of tests
Observing the infection condition of the south dodder after the south dodder is inoculated for 4 days in the example 1, the comparative example 1 and the comparative example 2 and the yield condition of the finally harvested south dodder medicinal material; meanwhile, a no-parasitic group is set for the example 1, the comparative example 1 and the comparative example 2 for test control, and the inhibition rate of southern south dodder mistletoe on the growth of the host in plant height or stem length, leaf number, aboveground biomass and other aspects is calculated; the results are shown in tables 1 to 3 below: in the following table, comparative example 1 corresponds to soybean, comparative example 2 corresponds to south wedelia (without artificial treatment), and example 1 corresponds to south wedelia (artificial treatment);
TABLE 1 infection of south dodder after 4 days inoculation
| Host computer | Number of suction devices | Parasitic cover (%) | Number of winding turns |
| Soybean | 27.33±1.45a | 0.13±0.02b | 4.00±0.56a |
| South American wedelia (without artificial processing) | 9.33±0.67c | 0.50±0.06a | 1.33±0.33c |
| South American wedelia chinensis (Artificial processing) | 14.67±0.33b | 0.57±0.24a | 2.67±0.33b |
Wherein the number of haustoria in table 1 is the number of haustoria on the propagules 4 days after inoculation; parasitic coverage = percentage of the surface in the harvested host sample covered by the dodder; the number of winding turns is the number of turns of south dodder wound on the host after 4 days of inoculation, and the number of winding turns is 1 turn during inoculation.
From the above table 1, it can be seen that the parasitic capacity of south China dodder to soybean is higher than that of south China American wedelia chinensis, and under the condition of artificial treatment, the number of absorbers, the parasitic coverage and the number of winding turns of south China wedelia chinensis are all significantly increased, so that the parasitic capacity of south China dodder to south China American wedelia chinensis is significantly improved after the artificial treatment.
TABLE 2 inhibition of the host growth by southern dodder parasitics (%)
| Host computer | Plant height or stem length | Number of blades | Aboveground biomass |
| Soybean | 28.26±1.71a | 22.33±1.67a | 22.85±1.06a |
| South American wedelia (without artificial processing) | 27.74±3.72a | 4.68±1.10b | 12.58±1.31b |
| South American wedelia chinensis (Artificial processing) | 33.48±3.50a | 6.20±1.48b | 27.36±1.45a |
In table 2 above, the suppression ratio = (value of no parasitic group-value of parasitic group) × 100/value of no parasitic group, and the value of parasitic group is: the obtained plant height or stem length, leaf number and aboveground biomass were measured in example 1, comparative example 1 and comparative example 2; the parasitic-free set of values is: a total of 3 parasitic-free groups corresponding to example 1, comparative example 1 and comparative example 2 were provided, among which: the plant height or stem length, leaf number and aboveground biomass in 3 parasitic-free groups were measured respectively, and then the inhibition ratio was calculated by comparing the plant height or stem length, leaf number and aboveground biomass measured in example 1, comparative example 1 and comparative example 2, respectively, without performing parasitic inoculation treatment under the same conditions as in example 1, comparative example 1 and comparative example 2, respectively.
As can be seen from table 2 above, the south dodder parasitism significantly inhibited the plant height of soybean and the plant height or stem length of south wedelia chinensis, but the difference in the inhibition degree of south dodder was not significant in the three cases.
The south dodder parasitism obviously inhibits the leaf number of the soybean, but has little effect on inhibiting the leaf number of the south American wedelia chinensis, because the south American wedelia chinensis generates more branches under the parasitism state.
The south dodder seed parasitism obviously inhibits the aboveground biomass of the soybean and the south American wedelia, and the inhibiting effect of the south dodder seed on the aboveground biomass of the south American wedelia is obviously increased under the condition of artificial treatment.
TABLE 3 south dodder seed drug yield
| Host computer | Single plant (g/plant) | Region area colony host (kg/100 m)2） |
| Soybean | 4.52±0.28a | 6.65±0.23c |
| South American wedelia (without artificial processing) | 2.30±0.16c | 8.71±0.32b |
| South American wedelia chinensis (Artificial processing) | 3.32±0.19b | 11.75±0.90a |
From the above table 3, it can be seen that although the yield of the south dodder on a single host soybean is higher than that of the two south wedelia hosts, the planting density of the soybean is lower than that of the south wedelia, so that the yield of the south dodder on the south wedelia hosts in two states is higher than that of the soybean in the regional yield, and the yield of the south dodder on the artificially processed south wedelia hosts is also obviously higher than that of the artificially unprocessed south wedelia hosts.
While embodiments of the invention have been disclosed above, it is not intended to be limited to the uses set forth in the specification and examples. It can be applied to all kinds of fields suitable for the present invention. Additional modifications will readily occur to those skilled in the art. The invention is not limited to the specific details and illustrations shown and described herein.
Claims (3)
1. A dodder planting method with medicinal material production and biological prevention and treatment functions is characterized by comprising the following steps:
winding and contacting the propagule south dodder and the host south American wedelia chinensis, carrying out manual treatment on the south dodder, and harvesting after the south dodder is ripe to obtain the medicinal material dodder;
wherein, south dodder stem segments with complete tips are selected as propagules;
the manual treatment comprises the following steps: continuously spraying 6-benzylaminopurine of 100 mu mol/L to south dodder for 30 minutes under the condition of no rainwater at the temperature of 25-27 ℃, and shading by using a shading net with the shading rate of 50%;
after the south dodder is ripe, harvesting the south wedelia chinensis and the south dodder together, drying, screening by using a screening machine to obtain dry south dodder seeds, selecting by using a winnowing machine, airing and subpackaging to obtain the medicinal material dodder;
the screening machine comprises:
the device comprises a vertically arranged cylinder body, wherein a feeding part, a cutting part, a separating part and a screening part are sequentially arranged in the cylinder body from top to bottom;
the feeding part is internally provided with a feeding funnel which is provided with a side wall inclining downwards, and the lower end of the feeding funnel is reduced to form a throat part;
the cutting part comprises a left blade group and a right blade group which are positioned on the left side and the right side of the throat part, the left blade group and the right blade group are respectively provided with a plurality of circular blades which are coaxially and equidistantly arranged, the cutting edges of the left blade group and the right blade group penetrate through the inclined side wall of the funnel and extend into the inner space of the funnel to form cutting on the material in the funnel, and meanwhile, the cutting edges of the left blade group and the right blade group penetrate through the side wall of the funnel and extend into the throat part to form cutting on the material at the throat part; the circular blades of the left blade group and the right blade group are mutually inserted into the space between the circular blades of the opposite side, and the left blade group and the right blade group are driven to rotate through a first motor so as to cut the material into sections;
a separation section comprising: the rotating body is vertically arranged right below the throat part, the beating piece is arranged on the outer wall of the rotating body, and the air blowing device is arranged on the outer wall of the separation part; the rotating body is driven by a second motor to drive the striking piece to strike materials in the separating part, the outer wall of the separating part is provided with air holes, and the air blowing device sprays air into the separating part through the air holes;
sieving part, its with it separates to be provided with the baffle between the separation part, set up the drain hole on the baffle, the drain hole sets up the flashboard and opens and close, material in the separation part enters into through the drain hole in the sieving part, be provided with the shale shaker in order to sieve the material in the sieving part.
2. The method for planting a south dodder seed with both medicinal material production and biological control as claimed in claim 1, wherein the method comprises harvesting the south wedeloa chinensis and the south dodder seed, and sowing ryegrass in the harvested region for ecological restoration.
3. The dodder planting method with medicinal material production and biological control as claimed in claim 1, wherein the beating member is of a telescopic structure, a hole is formed in the rotator, the beating member is arranged in the hole, the beating member retracts into the hole when being shortened and protrudes out of the hole when being extended, and the size of the hole is matched with that of the beating member, so that when the beating member is shortened, the material wound on the surface of the beating member can be scraped by the hole.
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| CN112753497A (en) * | 2021-02-02 | 2021-05-07 | 中国科学院华南植物园 | Ecological prevention and control method for south American wedelia chinensis |
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Application publication date: 20191112 Assignee: Cenxi Xulong Agricultural Technology Co.,Ltd. Assignor: GUANGXI BOTANICAL GARDEN OF MEDICINAL PLANTS Contract record no.: X2023980045868 Denomination of invention: A Planting Method for Cuscuta chinensis with Both Medicinal Material Production and Biological Control Granted publication date: 20210625 License type: Common License Record date: 20231106 |