CN1097090A - A kind of method of wild cabbage hybrid seeding - Google Patents
A kind of method of wild cabbage hybrid seeding Download PDFInfo
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- CN1097090A CN1097090A CN 94100993 CN94100993A CN1097090A CN 1097090 A CN1097090 A CN 1097090A CN 94100993 CN94100993 CN 94100993 CN 94100993 A CN94100993 A CN 94100993A CN 1097090 A CN1097090 A CN 1097090A
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Abstract
A kind of method of wild cabbage hybrid seeding belongs to wild cabbage heterosis utilization field.The present invention is by inbreeding of more generation purifying, the directed method of selecting, select that self-incompatibillity is stable, flower bud phase self-fertility is good, self incompatible line 8101-2-20-2 and 8180-1-1-2-1 that economic characters are good, with them is that the parent makes crossbreed " 8398 ", and proposes corresponding seeding technique and high-yield culture technique.The crossbreed " 8398 " of preparation has high-quality, gets bumper crops, is difficult for the underdone ∴ of taking out, characteristics such as wide adaptability, and 3300-3800 kilograms of per mu yields are the desirable kinds that northern China early maturing cabbage in spring produces.
Description
The invention belongs to wild cabbage heterosis utilization field.
The precocious spring wild cabbage area under cultivation of northern China is more than 1,000,000 mu, present main breed is the half-blood bred the eighties of my institute " in sweet No. 11 ", this kind has yielding ability, quality and resistance preferably, thereby is subjected to the consumers in general and the producer's welcome.But still have gap two parents' flowering stage, and flowering asynchronism still takes place during the production of hybrid seeds sometimes, and the germination rate of crossbreed is usually not high, general only more than 65%.Since the eighties, more domestic R﹠D institutions also breed some early maturing cabbage crossbreed such as sweet No. 4 of Tianjin, east farming 606 etc., but output and resistance also are unable to catch up with " in sweet No. 11 " in national regional test.States such as Japan, Holland also select a collection of precocity spring wild cabbage half-blood in recent years, introduce a fine variety in more than 60 early-maturing variety of evaluation through this institute, sweet No. 11 kind in not finding as yet on prematurity and yielding ability, all to surpass, and introducing a fine variety kind nearly all is crossbreed, the parent is holded in close confidence, can't production of hybrid seeds utilization.
The objective of the invention is to adopt the method for heterosis utilization, seed selection is stable, the wild cabbage self incompatible line that isozygotys, and preparation output height, strong stress resistance, best in quality and amphiphilic florescence unanimity, the crossbreed percentage of seedgermination is higher, and the production of hybrid seeds is easy to cabbage hybrid.
The present invention is to be parent's (father and mother this) each other preparation " 8398 " crossbreed with two self incompatible line 8101-2-20-2 that stablize, isozygoty and 8180-1-1-2-1.Adopt artificial bud pollination breeding self incompatible line original seed, during hybrid seeding, take distance isolation, honeybee pollination, parent's proper seeding, suitable suitable parent's ratio and density guarantee parent's safe overwintering, and measures such as roguing guarantee seed production quality.
The measure of taking during hybrid seeding is as follows:
1. under strict condition of isolating such as greenhouse, solarium,, guarantee the purity of hybrid parents with the method breeding 8101-2-20-2 of artificial bud pollination, the parental stock of two self incompatible lines of 8180-1-1-2-1.
2. cross breeding seed field distance isolation is more than 1000 meters, and every mu of seed farm is put one case honeybee pollination approximately, guarantees the quality of crossbreed, improves the output of unit are.
3. begin sowing in good time, two parents' middle part, North China in suitable sowing time is mid-August, and the south, North China is late August.
4. the protection parent plants strain safe overwintering under cryogenic conditions, finishes vernalization.North China middle part parent plants strain and heels in cold bed winter and to survive the winter, and needs see every day light, survives the winter at kind of a strain base portion ridging back open country in the south, North China.
5.8101-2-20-2 and the ratio that two parents of 8180-1-1-2-1 suit is 2: 1 or 1: 1.
6. rational close planting, every mu of field planting parent plants the strain number and is about the 3500-4000 strain.
7. strict roguing in seedling stage, peduncle-growing period for rapeseed, close inspection in flowering stage, is pulled out the assorted strain, diseased plant, the weak plant that do not meet parent's characteristic feature characteristic.
The standard of parent and " 8398 "
One, 8101-2-20-2
1. originate: by selecting fine individual plant 8101-2 to form in " Beijing precocity " head cabbage varieties through continuous multi-generation selfing purifying, the directed selection.
2. principal character characteristic: vegetative growth phase, plant lotus throne leaf was more upright.Degree of development 43.2 * 42.8cm, about 14.5 of siphonal lobe falls oval, bottle green, the cured powder in blade face is medium, leaf-head spheroidal, and heavily about 0.68 kilogram of single ball, ball height * transverse diameter is 12.2 * 12.1cm, center column length 0.60cm, the leaf-head degree of packing is 0.60, precocious, field planting was arrived leaf-head ripe about 50 days.Be difficult for underdone bolting.It is upright to plant the strain spray, the long oval of bud, and the corolla yellow, the not affine strain rate of florescence selfing is 100%, and florescence self-compatible index is 0.0-0.20, and average each the kind angle of flower bud phase selfing is set seeds about 15.1, seed circle, pitchy.
Two, 8180-1-1-2-1
1, source: by selecting fine individual plant 8180-1 to form in " 79-156 " head cabbage varieties through directed selection of continuous multi-generation selfing purifying.
2. principal character characteristic: vegetative growth phase, the lotus throne leaf was more open and more flat, degree of development 40.2 * 39.3cm, about 17.5 of siphonal lobe, oval, green, the cured powder in blade face is less, leaf-head spheroidal, heavily about 0.62 kilogram of single ball, ball height * transverse diameter is 11.8 * 11.4cm, center column length 5.5cm, the leaf-head degree of packing is 0.60, extremely early mature, field planting arrived leaf-head ripe about 45 days, were difficult for underdone bolting.It is more upright to plant the strain spray, the bud oval, and the corolla yellow, the not affine strain rate of florescence selfing is 100%, and florescence self-compatible index is 0.25-0.70, and average each the kind angle of flower bud phase selfing is set seeds about 13.5, seed circle, bronzing.
Accompanying drawing be 8398 breeding hybridized be general figure
● be the economic characters fine individual plant, F is affine, and S is for affine, ◆ for different friendship in being not affine.
The present invention has realized the wild cabbage heterosis utilization by 8101-2-20-2 and 8180-1-1-2-1 hybridization, makes early maturing cabbage half-blood " 8398 ", and it is compared mainly with precocity spring wild cabbage main breed at present " in sweet No. 11 " and has the following advantages:
1. output, output value height:
1987-1990 carries out varietal yield test on this institute farm, " 8398 " average yield per mu 3349.1-4192.5 kilogram, sweet No. 11 volume increase 15-20% in the ratio, 1991-1993 is in the examination of suburb, Beijing district and produce demonstration, 3285.1 kilograms of average yield per mus, 1986.9 yuan of per mu yield values, than " in sweet No. 11 " volume increase 13.4%, every mu increases income 172.12 yuan.Spring in 1993 tested in Taiyuan, 4200 kilograms of per mu yields, 1008 yuan of per mu yield values, than in sweet No. 11 volume increase 15%, 357 yuan of mu increments.In Shenyang, 2740.0 kilograms of per mu yields, 516.3 yuan of per mu yield values, than in sweet No. 11 volume increase 21.74%, 68.3 yuan of mu increments.5292 kilograms of Xi'an per mu yields, 1323 yuan of per mu yield values, than in sweet No. 11 volume increase 11.7%, 140 yuan of mu increments.
2. best in quality
" 8398 " leaf-head is a spheroidal, green, and the food value of leaf is tender and crisp, and exterior of commodity more meets the requirement of market comsupton.Through laboratory's assay determination, contain the Vc35.2 milligram in the bright sample of " 8398 " every hectogram, crude fiber content is 0.66%, is respectively 33.6 milligrams and 0.70% sweet No. 11 in the contrast.During the Vc content of " 8398 " is higher than sweet No. 11, and crude fiber content be lower than in sweet No. 11.To its flavor quality qualification result, 8398 than in sweet No. 11 more tender and crisp good to eat.
3. strong stress resistance, test for many years, performance is difficult for underdone bolting, anti-dry combustion method worry, spring in 1993, Jin Shangxinkouxiang planted experimentally at small arched shed, in sweet No. 11 boltings 30%, and underdone bolting does not take place in " 8398 ".
4. two parent's unanimities in flowering stage, the crossbreed percentage of seedgermination than in sweet No. 11 high, thereby the production of hybrid seeds than in sweet No. 11 easily.In sweet No. 11 parents be spheroidal, another parent is an OX-heart shape, flowering stage sometimes still can not be consistent.8,398 two parents are spheroidal, and flowering stage is almost completely consistent.In the germination rates of sweet No. 11 crossbreed generally have only more than 65%, and " 8398 " seed germination rate can reach 80%.
Introduce the cross-breeding technology and the culture technique of " 8398 " in detail below in conjunction with the narration embodiments of the invention.
One, the cross-breeding technology of " 8398 "
The seeding technique of " 8398 " mainly is divided into parental stock breeding and two aspects of the half-blood production of hybrid seeds.Now that production of hybrid seeds measures division is as follows:
1. people worker's bud pollination is bred the self incompatible line original seed under greenhouse or solarium's isolation condition.Wild cabbage belongs to the entomophilous flower cross pollinated plant, the parent is planted strain be colonizated in greenhouse or solarium, covers nylon gauze above, can prevent the entering of insect such as honeybee of occurring in nature and the biology hybrid that causes.The wild cabbage self incompatible line has the characteristic that shaky or the seldom solid and flower bud phase selfing of the selfing of blooming can be solid, and two parents of " 8398 " are self incompatible line, must adopt the method breeding seed of artificial bud pollination.
2. hybrid seeding field distance isolation is more than 1000 meters.Every mu of seed farm is put 1 case honeybee pollination approximately.Wild cabbage easily and cauliflower, broccoli, kohlrabi, cabbage mustard and other head cabbage varieties hybridize, therefore, the above-mentioned wild cabbage class of hybrid seeding Tian Yingyu seed collecting field distance isolation is more than 1000 meters.Wild cabbage is an entomophilous flower, and hybridization is main by honeybee pollination between two parents.Every mu of seed farm is put one case honeybee, can guarantee substantially that pollination fully makes crossbreed seed production height, and quality is good.
3. proper seeding.8101-2-20-2 and 8180-1-1-2-1 are the self incompatible line that the inbreeding of more generation seed selection forms, the existing decline to a certain degree of vitality and resistance, if disease not only easily takes place in sowing too early, and easily in plantation deuterogenesis early ageing.Wild cabbage is a plant vernalization plant, if sowed evening, can be difficult for bolting because of seedling is too small again and bloom.Be mid-August at the middle part, North China these two parents' suitable sowing time, and the south, North China is late August.
4. the protection parent plants strain safe overwintering under cryogenic conditions, and finishes vernalization.Time subzero 10 ℃ in the middle part of the North China is longer, and the kind strain should be heeled under protections such as cold bed ground condition and survive the winter, and the North China subzero time below 10 ℃ of south is shorter, plants strain and can survive the winter at open country, is frost damage prevention, can earth up at kind of strain base portion.Two parents are the ball type, for smoothly by vernalization except that cryogenic conditions, also responsive to illumination, therefore,, should open covering daytime and allow kind of a strain see light in the kind strain of surviving the winter in protection ground.
5. rational close planting." 8398 " two parent's growth potentials are all stronger, thereby can not plant overstockedly, cause the later stage ventilation and penetrating light bad, and then influence the output and the system amount of seed, and suitable density is the every mu of 3500-4000 strain of keeping a full stand of seedings.
6. Shi Yi two parent's ratios.The solid situation of 8101-2-20-2 and 8180-1-1-2-1 is all better, but 8101-2-20-2 is more excellent, and therefore, the ratio of two parent's field planting all could with 2: 1 or 1: 1.
7. roguing, for guaranteeing the purity of parent and crossbreed, should be in seedling stage, the assorted strain, diseased plant, the weak plant that do not meet parent typical case proterties are pulled out in rosette stage, bolting, close inspection in flowering stage.
Two, the feature of " 8398 "
1. source: Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences's vegetable or flower used two stable, self incompatible line 8101-2-20-2 that isozygotys and 8180-1-1-2-1 father and mother's wild cabbage first cross combination of originally making each other.
2. feature.Plant degree of development 43.5 * 43.8cm, 15.1 of siphonal lobes, long oval, green, the cured powder in blade face is less, leaf-head spheroidal, heavily about 0.84 kilogram of single ball, ball height * transverse diameter is 13.2 * 13.0cm, center column length 5.8cm, the leaf-head degree of packing is 0.62, precocity, field planting is difficult for underdone bolting to gathering in the crops about 50 days, mainly be suitable for China Huanghe valley and to the north of regional spring cultivation, the about 3300-3800 kilogram of per mu yield.
Three, the early maturing and high yield culture technique of " 8398 "
" 8398 " are half-bloods, and it is strong to have a growth potential, the output height, and product are of fine quality, good stress resistance, advantages such as wide adaptability for bringing into play its hybrid vigour better, should adopt supporting culture technique.The concrete technical essential of north outdoor cropping is as follows:
1. proper seeding is strengthened seedling management.Wild cabbage is a plant vernalization plant, and it is prosperous that young plant crosses serious offense, can underdone bolting take place by vernalization under 0-12 ℃ cryogenic conditions.For preventing that this problem from taking place, sowing can not be too early, North China such as cold bed sowing can late December to early January, greenhouse or the sowing of improvement cold bed can be in mid or late Januaries.After seedling all sprouts, note leaking informaton, the control temperature is not too high, in case young plant excessive growth.
2. select the soil of medium above fertility, 4000 kilograms of the every mu of organic fertilizers in back of raking of turning over, composite chemical fertilizer 20-30 kilogram makes flat furrow then.
3. field planting in good time, rational close planting.For preventing underdone bolting, field planting can not be too early, and the North China is generally based on late March, and plantation density is every mu of about 4500 strains.
4. enhance field management, but covering with plastic film after the field planting.As not covering mulch film, intertill after watering twice seedling recovering water, note spraying fertilizer early simultaneously, adopt little twice restraining the growth of seedlings control moisture, improve ground temperature, prevent that seedling growth from crossing prosperous and cause " underdone bolting ".Beginning will be strengthened water and fertilizer management during balling especially, and heavy dressing is topdressed, and about 25 kilograms of every mu of thiamines are with moisture and the nutriment of guaranteeing that its growth is required.
5. in time gather." 8398 " fast growth, and gather in the crops the output value height early stage.In time gather, both can prevent blastomere, can increase economic efficiency again.
If in protection ground cultivations such as small arched sheds, general late November grows seedlings, and the early January field planting is after the field planting; note winter protection evening, note daytime leaking informaton, increase illumination, keep suitable humidity, temperature; under reasonable cultivation condition, listing when can be in the 3-4 month vegetables spring light is subjected to consumer's welcome deeply.
Claims (10)
1, a kind of wild cabbage cross-breeding method; be included under greenhouse or the solarium's isolation condition; with artificial bud pollination breeding self incompatible line original seed; when the preparing hybrid kind; take distance isolation, honeybee pollination, proper seeding, rational close planting, protection kind strain safe overwintering and suitable parent's ratio and roguing measure, it is characterized in that: with two stable self incompatible line 8101-2-20-2 that isozygoty and 8180-1-1-2-1 each other father and mother originally prepare 8398 crossbreed.
2, wild cabbage cross-breeding method according to claim 1 is characterized in that: from the early maturing cabbage kind of Beijing, select fine individual plant 8101-2, and through continuous multi-generation selfing purifying, the directed stable self incompatible line 8101-2-20-2 that isozygotys of acquisition that selects.
3, wild cabbage cross-breeding method according to claim 1 is characterized in that: from the 79-156 head cabbage varieties, select fine individual plant 8180-1, and through continuous multi-generation selfing purifying, the directed self incompatible line 8180-1-1-2-1 that selects acquisition to stablize, isozygoty.
4, wild cabbage cross-breeding method according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: under greenhouse or solarium's isolation condition, with artificial bud pollination breeding 8101-2-20-2 and two self incompatible line original seeds of 8180-1-1-2-1, guarantee 8,398 two parents' purity.
5, wild cabbage cross-breeding method according to claim 1 is characterized in that: hybrid seeding field distance isolation is more than 1000 meters, and every mu of seed farm is put one case honeybee pollination, guarantees 8398 cabbage hybrid quality, improves the unit are seed production.
6, wild cabbage cross-breeding method according to claim 1 is characterized in that: parent's proper seeding is, middle part, North China suitable date of seeding is mid-August, is advisable with the late August sowing in the south, North China.
7, wild cabbage cross-breeding method according to claim 1 is characterized in that: the parent plants the strain safe overwintering and is, the kind strain of middle part, North China is heeled in cold bed and passed the winter, and needs see every day light, survives the winter in the open country ridging in the south, North China.
8, wild cabbage cross-breeding method according to claim 1 is characterized in that:
The ratio that two parents of 8101-2-20-2 and 8180-1-1-2-1 suit is 2: 1 or 1: 1.
9, wild cabbage cross-breeding method according to claim 1 is characterized in that: two parent's rational close planting are that every mu of field planting kind strain number is the 3500-4000 strain.
10, wild cabbage cross-breeding method according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: roguing is meant in seedling stage, peduncle-growing period for rapeseed, close inspection in flowering stage, pull out the assorted strain, diseased plant, the weak plant that do not meet parent's characteristic feature characteristic, with assurance parent's purity and the quality of crossbreed.
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| CN 94100993 CN1035096C (en) | 1994-02-07 | 1994-02-07 | Cross-breeding method for wild cabbage |
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| CN 94100993 CN1035096C (en) | 1994-02-07 | 1994-02-07 | Cross-breeding method for wild cabbage |
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| CN1097090A true CN1097090A (en) | 1995-01-11 |
| CN1035096C CN1035096C (en) | 1997-06-11 |
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Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN1324950C (en) * | 2005-08-11 | 2007-07-11 | 西北农林科技大学 | Breeding method of bolting-resistant Chinese cabbage |
| CN103155855A (en) * | 2013-04-02 | 2013-06-19 | 镇江瑞繁农艺有限公司 | Method for improving hybrid seed production yield and quality of common head cabbages |
| CN105028190A (en) * | 2015-08-24 | 2015-11-11 | 镇江瑞繁农艺有限公司 | Method for improving seed production yield of sterile line of cabbage vegetables |
| CN109220773A (en) * | 2018-09-06 | 2019-01-18 | 东北农业大学 | A kind of breeding method of resistance to bolting head cabbage varieties |
-
1994
- 1994-02-07 CN CN 94100993 patent/CN1035096C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Cited By (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN1324950C (en) * | 2005-08-11 | 2007-07-11 | 西北农林科技大学 | Breeding method of bolting-resistant Chinese cabbage |
| CN103155855A (en) * | 2013-04-02 | 2013-06-19 | 镇江瑞繁农艺有限公司 | Method for improving hybrid seed production yield and quality of common head cabbages |
| CN103155855B (en) * | 2013-04-02 | 2014-12-03 | 镇江瑞繁农艺有限公司 | Method for improving hybrid seed production yield and quality of common head cabbages |
| CN105028190A (en) * | 2015-08-24 | 2015-11-11 | 镇江瑞繁农艺有限公司 | Method for improving seed production yield of sterile line of cabbage vegetables |
| CN109220773A (en) * | 2018-09-06 | 2019-01-18 | 东北农业大学 | A kind of breeding method of resistance to bolting head cabbage varieties |
| CN109220773B (en) * | 2018-09-06 | 2021-11-02 | 东北农业大学 | Method for cultivating bolting-resistant cabbage variety |
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| CN1035096C (en) | 1997-06-11 |
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